Refried Elvis "d0e9709"

Index

A

Acapulco, 109

Aceves, Manuel, 221 -22.

See also Piedra Rodante (Rolling Stone)

adelita , 44 , 272 n113

Agustín, José, 159 -63;

on cafés cantantes , 104 ;

on Echeverría, 216 -17;

on rock music, 84 , 94 , 99 , 113 , 117 ;

role in student movement, 160

Alameda Park, 193 fig 14

Al compás del rock'n roll (1956), 31

Allende, Salvador, 180 , 191

"Americanization," 6 , 8 , 217 ;

of film industry, 30 ;

and threat to parental authority, 40 , 49 -51.

See also cultural imperialism; La Onda Chicana; United States Information Agency (USIA)

Anka, Paul, 91 , 276 n22, 294 n99

Los años verdes (1966), 77 -78

Appadurai, Arjun, 14

Arau, Alfonso, 117

Argentina:

"Anti-Imperialist Front," 234 ;

record industry in, 23 , 65 , 70 ;

rock music of, 10 , 176 , 251

Asociación Interamericana de Radio-difusión (AIR), 58

Avalon, Frankie, 88

Avándaro (music festival, 1971), 13 , 16 , 244 , 308 n52;

censorship of, 202 , 217 -19, 221 -24, 259 ;

critique of, 209 , 211 -17;

film versions of, 199 , 206 , 218 -19, 304 n7 306 n34, 309 n80, 318 n32;

and hoyos fonquis , 222 -23;

impact of Woodstock on, 210 -11, 244 ;

participation at, 204 -7, 306 n21;

popular nationalism and, 207 -11 figs 15, 16;

program of, 201 -4.

See also La Onda Chicana

Azcárraga, Rogelio, 20 -21, 63 -64

Azcárraga Milmo, Emilio Jr., 20 , 157

Azcárraga Vidaurreta, Emilio Sr., 20

B

Ballet Folklórico, 53 , 147

"La Bamba" (song), 64

Batiz, Javier, 94 , 159 , 316 n1

The Beatles:

"Beatlemima" (UNAM), 118 ;

and British Invasion, 93 -99, 102 ;

censorship of films, 55 ;

mentioned, 91 , 121 , 114 , 117 , 137 , 226

Benítez, Fernando, 290 n25

Berman, Marshall, 108 -9, 110

Berry, Chuck, 82 , 160

Blackboard Jungle (1955), 34 -37

Los Black Jeans (rock band), 65 , 88 , 91

Blanco, Armando, 97

Blanco Labra, Víctor, 173

border:

and hippies, 110 , 143 -46 fig 10;

"Operation Intercept," 291 n41;

and rock music origins, 93 -96, 98

― 342 ―

Brando, Marlon, 28 , 38 -39, 50 , 75 .

C

Cabeza de Vaca, Luis Cervantes, 216

cafés cantantes , 66 , 104 , 117 ;

depicted in film, 76 , 89 ;

impact of British Invasion on, 98 -101;

leftist critique of, 111 ;

repression against, 89 , 100 -101.

See also protest song

Cálderon, Guillermo, 43

Capitol-EMI Records:

Mexico subsidiary of, 95 , 112 , 169 , 170 ;

Spanish-language marketing of, 63 .

See also recording industry

Castañeda, Carlos, 149

Castro, Fidel, 114 , 158

Chapultepec Park, 193 -95

Chávez, César, 180

Chávez, Oscar, 118

chavos banda , 13 , 251 , 254 -56.

D

Dean, James, 28 , 39 -40, 50 , 127 .

E

Echeverría, Luis (president):

and apertura democrática , 13 , 221 -22, 232 , 302 n83;

and Avándaro, 203 , 213 , 308 n56;

and Corpus Christi massacre, 191 -92;

election of, 165 -66, 302 n86;

and intellectuals, 216 -17;

populism of, 190 -91, 249 -50;

and protest song, 227 -32;

and rock music, 192 -93, 217 -24;

and women's rights, 303 n101

English (language), 6 ;

and arte de fusil , 93 -101, 103 , 117 ;

censorship of, 56 -60, 80 , 101 , 218 ;

and counterculture, 151 , 160 -63, 194 ;

in film, 33 , 35 -36, 293 n76;

and Mexican rock, 173 -75, 182 -88, 207 , 209 , 224 , 298 n28;

rock 'n' roll culture and, 19 , 33 , 66 .

See also cosmopolitanism; cultural imperialism; La Onda

Estrada, Alvaro, 137

F

family, Mexican, 4 -5;

depicted in film, 35 -37, 73 -78, 197 -99;

and moralization campaign, 58 -60, 89 -90, 211 -12;

and rebeldismo , 49 -53;

and student movement, 123 -24, 130 -31;

and youth culture, 19 , 72 -73, 74 fig 3, 81 -88, 101 -2, 105 , 114 -15, 139 .

G

García Canclini, Néstor, 140

García Cantú, Gastón, 132

García Riera, Emilio, 31 , 36 , 77

García Saldaña, Parménides, 159 -63;

on Avándaro, 203 ;

on Marlon Brando, 38 ;

on James Dean, 39 ;

on Doors concert, 158 -59;

on King Creole riot, 47 -48;

on language, 151 ;

and La Onda Chicana, 178 -79.

See also La Onda

Garibay, Ricardo, 215

Ginsberg, Allen, 114

Gitlin, Todd, 112

Glantz, Margo, 159 -60

González, Carlos Hank, 212 , 307 n50

Guevara, Che, 12 , 114 , 127 , 180 , 254 , 288 n141

Guzman, Enrique, 76 -77, 91 , 114 , 116

H

halcones (Corpus Christi massacre), 191 -92, 203 , 214 , 252 .

See also Echeverría, Luis (president)

Haley, Bill:

films, 29 , 34 , 36 , 66 ;

mentioned, 9 , 10 , 80 ;

performance in Mexico, 63 , 68 ;

and "whitening," 18 , 33

A Hard Day's Night (1964), 55

Hendrix, Jimi, 112 , 116 , 169 , 171 , 203 , 219

Hermanos Castro, 155 -56, 158

hippies:

and Chicanos, 292 n74;

influence on Mexican youth, 104 , 110 -11, 114 -15, 137 -50, 245 ;

and Mexican state, 116 , 141 -46 figs 7-8;

travels to Mexico, 106 -11 fig 6, 139 , 141 -43, 148 fig 11;

and Zona Rosa, 135 -37.

See also drugs; jipismo ; La Onda

Hispavox (recording company), 70 , 169

Hoffman, Abbie, 305 n11

homosexuality:

and Beatles, 102 ;

and counterculture, 105 -7 fig 6, 115 , 134 , 145 ;

and Elvis Presley, 42 -47 fig 1;

prohibition against impersonating, 60 ;

and rebeldismo , 270 n75.

I

import-substitution industrialization, 5 , 21 -22, 190 -91

Inés de la Cruz, Sor Juana, 113

Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (INBA), 54

J

jipismo (jipis, jipitecas, xipitecas ), 12 , 132 -35, 138 -40, 147 -49, 182 ;

and "double mirror," 110 -11, 136 -40, 290 n25;

intellectuals and, 134 -36, 147 ;

and Mexican state, 141 -43 fig 9, 152 fig 12.

See also hippies; La Onda

Jodorowsky, Alexander, 117 , 135

Joplin, Janis, 112 , 136 , 139 , 171 , 196 , 203

Julissa, 91 , 114

juvenile delinquency, 34 -38, 91 , 101 .

K

King Creole (1958):

refrito of, 82 -83;

and riot, 47 -49, 50 fig 2, 151

Knight, Alan, 8

L

Laboriel, Johnny, 64 , 65 , 89 , 91 , 99

League of Decency:

depicted in film, 31 , 76 -77;

morals campaigns, 53 , 55 , 59 , 89 , 222 ;

and Elvis Presley, 41

Los Locos del Ritmo (rock band), 65 , 71 , 79 fig 4, 80 -81, 92 , 103 -4;

"Yo no soy un rebelde" (lyric), 72 , 84

― 345 ―

La locura del rock'n roll (1956), 31 -32

López Mateos, Adolfo (president):

appeal to youth, 54 ;

and cafés cantantes , 100 ;

cultural nationalism of, 53 -61;

and "hegemonic arrangement," 58 -60, 89 -90;

and labor strikes, 51 -53

López Negrete, Alfonso, 212

López Portillo, José (president), 249 -50

Los Loud Jets (rock band), 92 , 278 n57

Love Army (rock band), 187 , 225

M

MacCannell, Dean, 150

Mailer, Norman, 113

Malcolm X, 114

malinchismo , 103 , 282 n38.

See also cultural imperialism

Marcos (Zapatista), 258 , 318 n26

María, Angélica, 91 , 114 , 159

marriage. See buenas costumbres ; divorce; family

Marroquín, Enrique, 140 , 146 -47, 215

masculinity. See homosexuality; nationalism; patriarchy; women

mass culture, 8 -9, 14 , 154 ;

and "hegemonic arrangement," 89 -90, 116 , 233 , 252 ;

and juvenile delinquency, 39 -41;

and moralization campaign, 54 -61.

See also fanzines; radio industry; recording industry; Telesistema

McCann-Erickson Stampton (advertising firm), 202

Mejías, Ricardo, 65

Mexican Americans, as record market, 24 , 26 , 71 , 189

Mexican Association of Record Producers, 70

lo mexicano (folkloric culture), 3 ;

and counterculture, 108 , 114 -15, 135 , 147 , 176 -77, 180 -81, 215 ;

and music, 20 , 24 -25, 67 , 302 n92.

See also nationalism; tourism

Mexican Society of Authors and Composers, 53 , 68

Midani, André, 112

Miller, Glenn, 19

miniskirts, log, 116 , 117 , 122

Monsivaís, Carlos:

on Avándaro, 214 , 215 ;

on Byrds-Union Gap concert (1969), 155 -56;

and chavos banda , 258 ;

on counterculture, 111 -14, 133 -36, 153 , 200 ;

and popular culture, 256 ;

on PRI, 7

Mortiz, Joaquín (publisher), 159

motherhood. See buenas costumbres ; family; patriarchy; women

Mother's Day, 5

Muñoz, Carlos Jr., 175 -76

muralism. See Cuevas, José Luis; Siqueiros, David Alfaro

Musart (recording company), 21 , 95 , 169

museums:

of Anthropology, 53 , 147 , 223 ;

of Folkloric Music, 54 ;

of Modern Art, 53 ;

of Popular Culture, 256

música tropical , 17 -20, 30 , 54 , 57 ;

cumbia , 19 , 233 , 249 ;

danzón , 19 ;

mambo , 17 , 19 , 30 ;

salsa , 233

music clubs. See cafés cantantes

N

National Chamber of Broadcast Industries, 55 , 58 , 89 -90, 221 , 274 n165

nationalism, 154 , 263 n21, 291 n32;

"heroic," 9 , 28 -29, 43 , 134 , 144 -45;

and mass media, 53 -54, 58 -60;

and "Revolutionary Family," 1 -5, 28 ;

in student movement, 126 -27;

xenophobia, 55 -61, 90 -91, 101 , 143 .

See also La Onda; La Onda Chicana; lo mexicano

National Polytechnical Institute:

depicted in film, 31 -32;

and railway strikes (1958-59), 52 ;

and student movement (1968), 120 , 125 , 128 -29

1968, global impact of, 15 ;

discourse in student movement (Mexico), 119 , 122 , 128 ;

hippies and, 143 -46;

rock music and, 9 , 180 .

O

Office of the Coordinator for Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA). See United States Information Agency (USIA)

Olmos, Mario, 157

Olympics (1968), 12 , 46 ;

and student movement, 119 -21, 128 -29, 131

O'Malley, Ilene, 3 -4, 38

La Onda (Mexican counterculture), 12 , 113 -14;

class divisions within, 151 -59, 192 -95, 204 -7, 229 -33, 293 n78;

commercialization of, 15 -16, 114 -15, 163 -64, 171 -72, 188 -90, 201 -2, 258 -59, 265 n35, 285 n85;

and fashion, 114 -17, 164 -65, 182 ;

and language, 113 , 125 , 151 , 154 , 194 ;

literary movement, 159 -63;

and student movement, 122 -26.

See also Avándaro; jipismo ; La Onda Chicana

La Onda Chicana (Mexican rock movement), 12 , 172 -88, 298 n33;

and Avándaro, 207 -11;

legacy of, 249 -53, 256 , 258 -59, 318 n32;

suppression of, 218 -25.

See also La Onda; recording industry

Orfeón (recording company):

and early marketing of rock 'n' roll, 63 -64, 66 , 68 -71, 112 , 169 ;

founding of, 20 -21;

and La Onda Chicana, 174 , 221 ;

transnational strategies of, 25

P

Pacheco, José Emilio, 6 , 214

Palacio de Bellas Artes. See Fine Arts Palace

Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), 2 -8, 254 -55;

economic crisis and, 249 -50, 253 ;

"Mexican Miracle" and 7 , 10 , 166 .

See also nationalism; individual presidents

patriachy, 4 -5, 8 -9;

and counterculture, 133 -35, 195 -97;

and student movement, 124 , 130 -31.

See also buenas costumbres ; family; women

Paz, Octavio, 4 , 8 , 161

Peace and Love (rock band), 181 -84, 202 , 300 n49, 304 n6, 316 n1

peace sign, 202 , 208 -9 fig 15, 217 , 244

Peerless (recording company), 20 -21, 24 , 169 , 266 n13

peñas (protest music cafés), 227 -30

People's Guide to Mexico , 137 , 145 , 147 -50 fig 11

Peru:

"El Condor Pasa" controversy, 226 -29, 311 n115;

recording industry and, 23 ;

Carlos Santana concert, 229 ;

USIA and, 236

Piedra Rodante (Rolling Stone), 171 , 180 , 206 , 219 , 221 -22, 310 n93

Pinal, Silvia, 19 -20

Polydor Records (Polygram), 24 , 96 , 170 , 188 -89, 297 n9;

and La Onda Chicana, 202 , 219 -21 table 1;

origins in Discos Universales (DUSA), 169 -71;

targeting of Chicanos by, 185 , 189

Polytechnical Institute. See National Polytechnical Institute

Poniatowska, Elena, 159

Pontones, Jaime, 97 , 123

popular culture, 256 .

See also mass culture; nationalism; rock music

porras , 118 , 214

posadas , 86 , 105

postmodernism, 13 -14;

and hippies, 108 -9;

and jipismo , 138 -40

Pratt, Mary Louise, 139

Presley, Elvis:

alleged racism of, 41 -46 fig 1;

censorship of, 55 , 58 , 80 ;

and Cold War, 14 ;

as icon of masculinity, 28 , 40 , 50 fig 2, 127 , 270 n68;

and King Creole riot, 47 -49;

mentioned, 52 , 63 , 87 ;

and modernity, 18 -19, 33 ;

radio interview with, 41 ;

refritos music of, 64 -66, 71 -72, 82 ,

― 347 ―

116 ;

rumored to perform, 41 , 88 , 280 n97

protest song, 13 , 225 -32 fig 17, table 2;

and contemporary protest culture, 257 -58;

and fusion with rock, 251 -52;

and student culture in 1968, 118 , 123

Puerto Rico, 252 , 303 n1

Q

Qualifying Commission of Magazines and Illustrated Publications, 56 -58, 80 , 222

Quezada, Abel, 49 , 50 fig 2

quince años , 87

R

radio industry, 23 ;

censorship after Avándaro, 202 ;

and Federal Law of Radio and Television (1960), 58 -60;

native content laws, 53 -54;

programming of rock, 97 , 171 , 173 , 178 , 185 , 218 , 230 , 255 , 296 n126, 318 n32;

reaction to refritos , 69 -70;

training of disk jockeys in English, 60 ;

transformed by British Invasion, 95 ;

UNAM station, 118 , 171

rancheras , 20 , 40 , 43 , 60

RCA-Victor, 19 -21, 168 ;

Mexican subsidiary of, 24 -26, 68 , 70 -71, 170 , 189 ;

and refritos , 63 -65.

See also recording industry

Los Rebeldes del Rock (rock band), 64 , 65 , 71 , 72 , 89 , 91 , 97 , 99

rebeldes sin causa (rebeldismo ), 8 , 37 -40;

blamed for workers' strikes, 51 -53;

and cafés cantantes , 98 , 101 ;

and King Creole riot, 47 -51 fig 2;

mentioned, 66 , 73 , 84 , 91 , 103 ;

referenced in song lyric, 84 ;

referenced in student movement, 125 -26.

See also Brando, Marlon; Dean, James; Rebel without a Cause

Rebel without a Cause (1955), 39 , 271 n89, 271 n91.

See also Dean, James; rebeldes sin causa

recording industry (transnational and local):

to late 1950s, 21 -26;

to early 1960s, 62 -71;

to mid 1960s, 91 -92, 93 -97, 103 ;

to late 1960s, 112 , 163 -64, 167 -74;

to early 1970s, 188 -90, 218 -21 table 1, 232 table 2;

late 1980s, 255 ;

record exports (from Mexico), 25 graph 1;

record imports (to Mexico), 68 graph 2;

tariffs, 24 -26, 67 , 95 -96.

See also individual recording companies

record stores, 97 , 163 -4, 296 n125

refritos (rocanrol ), 11 , 72 -73, 79 fig 4, 93 -94;

and "containment," 78 -86;

"Grand Era," 91 -92;

as "low culture," 230 -31;

origins, 64 -66;

and radio, 69 , 94 , 97 , 230 ;

and recording industry, 66 -71, 169 , 172 -74.

See also individual rock bands relajo . See desmadre

religion:

and Avándaro, 203 ;

and 1960 law, 59 -60;

and La Onda, 136 , 141 , 198 ;

and rebeldismo , 37 , 74 -75;

in song lyrics, 82 , 187 ;

Virgin of Guadalupe, 5 , 28 , 75

La Revolución de Emiliano Zapata (rock band), 2 , 178 -82 fig 13, 185 , 224 -25, 249 , 300 n52;

marketing of, 189 , 219 -21;

"Nasty Sex" (hit song), 178 -79, 289 , 299 n43.

See also La verdadera vocacíon de Magdalena

"Revolutionary Family," 1 -5, 8 , 28 , 40 , 261 n1;

associated with modernity, 46 , 72 -73;

and counterculture, 133 , 138 , 159 , 215 -16;

depicted in film, 78 ;

and student movement, 127 -28

Ríos, Gloria, 17 , 36 , 66

Rivera Conde, Mariano, 23

rocanrol . See refritos

Rock around the Clock (1957), 29

Los Rockin' Devils (rock band), 75 , 114

rock music:

and desmadre , 26 -29, 34 -41, 44 -46, 153 -54;

early impact in Mexico, 17 -20, 26 ;

and lower classes, 27 , 38 -39, 47 -48, 153 -56, 193 -95, 204 , 222 -24,

― 348 ―

rock music (continued )

229 -31, 249 -54, 258 , 302 n91;

as "metaphor of modernity," 29 , 31 -34, 46 -47, 62 , 66 -69, 71 -73, 76 -79 fig 4, 91 , 116 -17, 159 , 217 ;

methodological use of, 2 , 9 -11, 15 , 17 ;

as organizing tool, 176 , 217 -18, 256 -59, 264 n25, 305 n11, 307 n36, 317 n25;

and student movement (1968), 118 , 122 -26;

and USIA, 236 -39.

See also Avándaro; fusil, arte de ; La Onda Chicana; Presley, Elvis; refritos

Rodríguez, Silvio, 225 -26

Rolling Stone (magazine), 145 -46.

S

Sabina, María, 102 -8, 137

Santana, Carlos, 11 , 160 , 172 , 183 , 185 , 211 , 229 , 297 n20, 312 n125

Simon and Garfunkel, 171 , 226 -29, 311 n115

Sinatra, Frank, 56

Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 41 , 227 , 271 n97

Soviet Bloc, 9 -10, 14 , 144 , 237 -39, 265 n31

Spain (country), 70 -71

Stevens, Evelyn, 122 , 125

student movement (1968), 1 -2, 11 -12;

anniversary march of, 257 fig 19;

beginnings of, 119 -20;

cultural politics of, 117 -19, 122 -28, 214 , 256 -57, 265 n32;

goals of, 120 -22;

middle class support for, 123 , 130 -31;

strategies and tactics of, 126 -28;

and Tlatelolco, 129 -31, 252 ;

women's role in, 124

student movement (1986), 256 -57

students:

and Avándaro, 203 ;

depicted in film, 76 -78;

medical strike, 101 ;

and protest song, 229 -31, 257 , 272 n125;

support for railway workers, 51 -53, 91 , 119 .

See also halcones ; student movement; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

swastika, 48 , 217 , 273 n126

T

tardeadas , 87

Teacher's Day, 50 fig 2, 228

Los Teen Tops (rock band), 64 -66, 70 -71, 72 , 91 , 97 ;

"La Plaga" ("Good Golly Miss Molly"), 64 , 66 , 76 , 81 -82

Telesistema (Televisa), 20 , 63 -64, 285 n85;

at Avándaro, 202 , 212 -13, 218 -19, 304 n7, 306 n29, 309 n79, 309 n80;

programming of rock, 67 , 71 , 103 , 117 , 156 -57, 252 , 286 n102, 294 n96;

and protest song, 228

television. See Telesistema

Three Souls in My Mind (rock band), 187 , 215 -16, 250 -51;

at Avándaro, 203 -4;

and hoyos fonquis , 310 n97;

mentioned, 160 , 174 , 181 , 249 , 316 n1;

name change to "TRI," 255 ;

origins of, 153 , 293 n80, 300 n49;

popularity abroad, 310 n100

Tianguis del Chopo, 253 , 317 n14

Tinta Blanca (rock band), 207 , 31 310n97

Tin-Tan (Germán Valdez), 6 , 151

Toffel, André, 64

tourism, 292 n59;

Avándaro as destination, 213 ;

and Federal Radio and Television Law (1960), 59 ;

and hippies, 108 -11, 145 -50;

and native song, 69 ;

and rock music, 93 , 103 , 116 .

U

UNAM. See Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

United States, 10 , 14 ;

broadcast industry in, 55 ;

and censorship of rock in, 71 -72;

and counterculture of, 104 , 211 , 239 -47;

flag of, 208 -10 fig 16;

letters by citizens of to Díaz Ordaz, 116 , 146 ;

and Mexican rock, 67 , 71 , 92 , 189 , 219 -20, 278 n57;

names for, 301 n57;

and World's Fair (1964), 92 .

See also " Americanization"; border; cultural imperialism; English; hippies; Mexican Americans; tourism; United States Information Agency (USIA)

United States Information Agency (USIA), 13 ;

counterculture pamphlet of, 239 -47 fig-18;

covert activities of, 235 -36;

Mexican operations of, 313 n13;

origins in OCIAA, 234 -35, 286 n104;

rock music and, 236 -39;

as target for leftist attacks, 234

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM):

depicted in film, 31 -32;

mentioned, 117 , 139 ;

music and, 54 , 118 , 123 , 231 , 256 -57, 317 n25;

Radio Educación (station), 118 , 171 .

See also student movement (1968); students

Uruchurtu, Ernesto, 54 , 100 -101, 281 n22

Uruguay, 23

USIA. See United States Information Agency (USIA)

V

Valens, Ritchie, 11

Vallejo, Demetrio, 51 , 114

Velasco, Raúl, 158 , 252

La verdadera vocación de Magdalena (1971), 197 -99

Vietnam, 133 , 244 , 303 n1

Villa, Francisco "Pancho," 38 , 127 , 181 , 271 n87

Virgin of Guadalupe, 5 , 28 , 75

Viva la juventud (1955), 31

W

Wasson, Gordon, 107

The Wild One (1953), 38 -39.

See also Brando, Marlon; rebeldes sin causa

women:

and feminist movement, 196 -97, 303 n101;

and hegemonic discourse, 1 -5, 42 -47, 52 ;

and student movement (1968), 122 , 124 ;

youth culture, 48 -49, 105 , 115 , 193 -200, 205 -7.

See also buenas costumbres ; family; nationalism

Woodstock (music festival, 1969), 16 , 304 n4, 318 n31;

and Avándaro, 201 -2, 210 -11, 214 ;

impact on Mexico, 117 , 170 , 219 , 259 ;

and student movement culture, 122 ;

and USIA pamphlet, 241 , 245 -47 fig 18

Y

Los Yaki (rock band), 94 , 103 , 114

Z

Zabludovsky, Jacobo, 214 -15, 306 n29

Zapata, Emiliano, 2 , 4 , 40 ;

and Mexican Americans, 189 ;

and La Onda, 117 , 180 , 186 -87;

and student movement (1968), 127 , 180 .

See also La Revolución de Emiliano Zapata (rock band); Zapatistas

Zapatistas, 257 -58, 318 n26

Zedong, Mao, 127

Zócalo, 127 , 257

Zona Rosa, 109 -11, 116 , 135 -37

― 350 ―

Compositor: G&S

Text: 10/13 Aldus

Display: Aldus

Printer and binder: Thomson-Shore