Index

A

Abatements

tax in Cleveland, 126 , 133

Accounts receivable, 30 , 31 , 36 –37, 39 , 52

Acquisitions, 7 , 103 –5, 110 , 112 , 114 , 116

AFL-CIO, 10 , 87

Africa, 149

Aid, official, 144 –45, 147

Aid regime

restrictions, 147 , 170

Allen, Julius, 3

Allied Supermarkets, 100

American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, 142

American Motors, 65

American Public Power Association, 128

Anderson, Robert A., 43 –44, 49 , 50 , 52

Andres, Willard D., 160 –61

Anti-trust and Leasco, 114 –15

Argentina, 149 , 163

Aron, Raymond, 13

Austerity

IMF programs, 168 –71, 172 , 174 –78, 190 –91, 193

Mexico, 159 –60, 162

Autonomy

relative, 2 , 15 –16, 99 –100, 138 , 147 , 149 , 171 –72, 174 –75, 177 –80, 181 –82, 184 –91

B

Bachrach, Elinor, 63

Bailout(s), 23

bank(s), 73 –74, 166 –72, 178 –79

federal, 60 –61, 73 –74, 90 –91, 93 –94, 97 , 163 , 181 –82, 184 –86, 191

Bank for International Settlements, 158 , 161

Bank of America, 23

Bank of Boston, 23

Bankers' Trust, 9

Bankruptcy

Chapter X, 48 –50, 56

Chapter XI, 25 –26, 34 , 44 , 48 –50, 53 , 55 , 57

Chrysler, 71 , 74 , 79 , 84 , 85 , 97 , 99 –100

and crisis, 21 , 24

involuntary, 181 –82

as last resort, 101

and power, 6

Banks

and capitalist transformation, 3

and the state, 13 –17

as capital flow hubs, 181

commercial, 4 , 6

in the world economy, 167

Barber, Randy, 5 , 9 –10, 82 , 194

Barbour, Jeffrey, 11 n

Barkin, David, 150 , 153 , 155

Bartimole, Roldo, 127 , 128

Baum, Daniel J., 5

Bearden, James, 11 n, 26

Beck, John F., 156

Beck, John H., 138

Becton Dickinson, 160

Berger, Peter, 18 n

Berkman, Ronald, 142

Besse, Ralph, 131

Blain, Robert, 15

Blair, Claude MacClary, 133

Blanchard, James J., 83 –84

Block, Fred, 139

Bluestone, B., 17

Blumenthal, Michael, 69

Board(s).

See also Directorates, interlocking

and bank representation, 6 , 26 –27, 35 , 45 , 59 , 187

CEI and bank representation, 129 , 131 , 187

constraints, 187 –88

interlocking, 112 –13

labor representation, 81 –82, 87 –88, 97

W. T. Grant, 29 , 46

Bonbright, James, 132

Bondrating

Cleveland, 126

Bonds

Cleveland, 136

and power, 6

and private utilities, 132 –33

Born, Roscoe, 9

Branfman, Fred, 120 , 128

Brazil, 149 , 163 , 168 –69, 172

Breckenfeld, G., 21

Brooke, James, 149

Brooks, John, 104 –11, 113 –15

Bunting, David, 11 n

Business

and community, 12

Byrd, Robert C., 81

C

Capital

and finance, 4 , 5

industrial, 4 , 5

redundant, 104

Capital flows

and power, 185

as a resource, 181

Capitalism

finance, 3

industrial, 3

transformation, 3

Capital market

structural transformation, 144 –48, 154

Carter administration, 82 –83, 126 –27, 189

Centrality

banks, 11

and power, 3

Central National Bank, 122 , 129 n, 131

Chandler, A. D., Jr., 58

Chase Manhattan, 23 , 36 , 37 , 43 , 45 , 57 , 110 , 115 , 167

Chemical Bank, 23 , 46 , 102 –16, 158 , 182 , 184 , 188

Chevalier, J. M., 5 , 9 , 11

Chinn, Joseph W., 45 , 53 , 58

Chrysler, 23 –24, 117 , 143 , 166 , 178 –80, 184 –89, 191 , 193 –94

board of directors, 10

history, 60 –69

Circulation

of the power elite, 14

Citibank, 23 , 36 –38, 45 , 47 , 50 , 57 , 163

Clavel, Pierre, 126 , 128 , 142

Clayton Act, 115

Cleveland, 24 , 182 –84, 186 –90, 193

antitrust suit, 122 , 128 , 131 , 138 –39

construction and debt, 125

history, 120 –21, 125 –26, 141 –42

Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company, 122 , 127 –35, 138 –42, 182 , 183 , 187 –88

history vs. MUNY, 127 –32

Cleveland Electric Lighting Company, 141

Cleveland Planning Commission, 142

Cleveland Trust Company, 120 , 122 , 124 , 126 , 131 , 133

Cloward, Richard, 15

Cockcroft, James D., 150 , 152 –53, 156 –58, 160

Competition

and banks, 2 , 4 –5, 7 , 22

banks and industrials, 4 –5

and interlocks, 12

Concentration

of capital, 3 –4, 171

commodity, 146

of finance capital, 4 –5

of international capital, 149

of lending organizations, 148

of Mexican banks, 155

of recipient countries, 148

Concessions

banks to Chrysler, 75 –77, 89

banks to Mexico, 162 –63

Chrysler to labor, 87

Chrysler to state, 74 –75

dealers and suppliers to Chrysler, 76 , 88 –89

labor to Chrysler, 80 –88, 89 , 96 –97

Mexico to IMF and banks, 174 –75

Mexico to the banks, 162 –63

Mexico to the IMF, 162

state to Chrysler, 76 –77, 88 –89

Connecticut Bank and Trust, 32 , 33

Consortia

lending, 2 , 6 , 16 –17, 36 –42, 56 –59, 78 , 117 , 149 , 179 , 181 –84, 187 , 189 , 192

lending, as power, 148 –49

lending, Chrysler, 70 , 75 , 77 –78, 98

lending, Cleveland, 122 –23, 129 –31, 133 , 140

lending, state debt, 148 –49

lending, W. T. Grant, 34 –44, 56

and risk, 6

Constraint(s)

banks', 55

state, 171 –72, 174 –75, 178

managerial, 19 –20, 34 , 59 , 68 , 74 , 98

state's, 60 , 171 –72, 174 , 178

Continental Illinois Bank, 41 , 109 –11, 188

Control

allocative, 75 , 117

of lending capital, 6

operational, 75 , 117

Corroon, Richard A., 110 –11

Corm, Georges, 145 n

Costa Rica, 163

Cravath, Swaine and Moore, 115

Credit

CEI, 129 –31

Crisis

bankruptcy, 52 , 56 –57, 59

of capitalism, 17

corporate, 19 –21, 102 –3, 116 –17, 182 , 184

corporate and bailouts, 72 , 85 , 94 –95, 98 –99

defining and power, 5

definition of the situation, 98 –99

fiscal, 184

impending, 60 –61

in healthy firms, 102 –3, 116 –18

international, 144 –45

international debt, 172

international, as social construction, 174

as last resort, 174 –75

legitimacy, 21 , 189 –91

municipal, 182

objective, 17 –19

political, 17 –18

power to define, 2

as sanction, 116

as a social construction, 17 –21, 181 –82, 184 –87

and the state, 2

state, 21 , 182 –83

state, as a social construction, 188 –91

W. T. Grant, 25

Curtin, James G., 29

D

Dahl, Robert, 13 , 188 n

Dale, Richard S., 145 n, 148 n

D'Amours, Norman E., 73

Davis, Diane, 150 –51

Debt

Cleveland, 125 –26, 137

developed countries, 144 –45

developing countries, 144 –48

Municipal, causes, 119 –20

Debt Crisis Network, 145 n, 162

Debt servicing, 145 –46, 149 , 169 –70, 193

developing countries, 170 , 173 –74

Mexico, 160 , 173 –74

Decisions

managerial, 26 –34, 61 –69, 95 , 98 , 100

Default

Cleveland, 125 –26, 129 , 136 –38, 141 –43, 183

Cleveland, preconditions, 134

as last resort, 142

municipal, 186 –87, 188 , 192

social construction, 129 , 133 –34, 138 , 140 –43

Delacroix, Jacques, 170

De la Madrid, Miguel Hurtado, 159 –62, 172 , 174 , 177 , 190

De Larosiere, Jacques, 159 , 161 , 166

Dependence

debt, 146 –47

trade, 146 , 150 , 170

Deregulation

bank, 76 , 80 , 96 , 194

Development

dependent, 146 –47, 170

Development Assistant Committee, 145

Dhonte, Pierre, 145 , 148

Dialectic, class, 14 –16

Diamond Shamrock Corporation, 136

Directorates.

See also Board(s)

boards of, 111 –13

interlocking, 111 , 117

Discretion

managerial, 19 , 24 , 26 , 32 , 35 , 51 , 75 , 98 , 184

state, 184

Disinvestment, 21

in Cleveland, 131 –32

Dividends

Chrysler, 66

and external investment, 7

MUNY vs. CEI, 132

W. T. Grant, 34

Domhoff, G. William, 12 , 14 , 16 , 188 n, 189

Dooley, Peter C., 11 n

Draper, William H., 169 –70

Dudley King, 114

Dumping

stock, 10 –11, 21 , 104 , 107 –11, 116 –18

E

Echeverria, Luis, 151 –52, 176

Election recall, 121 –25, 131 , 133

Emergency Financial Control Board, 142

Emerson, Robert, 21 , 186

Empires, industrial, 5

Erb, Guy, 157

Esteva, Gustavo, 150 , 153 , 155

Expansion, corporate, 2

Expenditures

social welfare, 15

Export-Import Bank, 166 , 168 –70, 171 , 172 , 179 , 186

F

Federal Reserve, 115 , 158 , 161 , 163 –65

Finance capital

as a relationship, 183 , 191 –92

Financial institutions

and intercorporate relations, 2

Financing

external, 7

Fine, Ben, 17

First Boston, 23

First National Bank of Jersey City, 105 –6, 111

First National City Bank, 9

Fitch, Robert, 1 , 5 , 6 , 59 , 188 n

Fogler, Raymond H., 31

Forbes, George, 125 , 126

Ford, 65 –68, 83 , 87 , 90 , 92 –95

Fraser, Douglas A., 10 , 80 –85, 87

Fuel disruptions, 146

Fund(s).

See also Pensions and Trusts

Illinois State Teachers', 54 , 56 , 193

Michigan Teachers', 54 , 56 , 193

pension, 113 , 114 , 128

pension, CEI, 129 –31

trust, 38

G

Galgay, Judge John, 51 –52, 53 –54

General Electric, 141

General Motors, 63 , 65 –68, 83 , 87 , 90 , 93 –95, 157 –58

Georgeson, 114

Girvan, Norman, 162 , 192

Glasberg, Davita Silfen, 145 n, 184 , 192

Gogel, Robert, 7 , 11 n, 12 , 34

Goldman Sachs, 23

Gonzalez, Heliodoro, 148 , 167

Gramsci, Antonio, 22 , 188 n

Grant, W. T., 24 , 25 –59, 75 , 77 , 79 , 117 , 181 , 182 –85, 187 , 193

W. T., history, 25 –26

Grant Foundation, 32 –34

Greater Cleveland Growth Association, 121 –22, 128 , 134 , 140 , 187

ties to banks and CEI, 134

Green revolution, 153 , 176

Greenwald, Gerald, 72

Gross national product, 146

Grupa Alfa, 156

Guarantee(s)

federal, 242, 249

loan, 60 –61, 69 –89, 92 –93, 95 –97, 100 , 143

Gurria, Angel, 163

H

Haberler, G., 17

Habermas, Jurgen, 15 , 17 –18, 21 , 188 n

Hahn, Loeser, Freedheim, Dean and Wellman, 122

Hamilton, Nora, 153 , 155 –58, 160 –61, 172 –73

Harrison, B., 17

Hegemony

bank, 12 , 21 –24, 38 , 55 –59, 139 , 143 , 171 , 179 , 181 –86, 187 , 192 –93

bank formation, 40 –42, 43 , 57 , 58 , 77 –79, 98 –99, 164 –66, 178 , 180

bank, international, 149 , 161 –62

vs. control, 55 –56

Herding effect, 11 , 20 , 102

Herman, Edward S., 10 , 12 , 57 , 58

Hertsgaard, Mark, 133

Hilferding, Rudolf, 1 , 3 , 4 , 7

Hobsbawn, Eric, 17

Hobson, J. A., 1 , 3

Hubs

in interlocks, 12

I

Iacocca, Lee, 60 –63, 65 , 67 –68, 80 , 85 , 87 , 90 , 93 , 95 , 98 , 100

Inflation

and external capital, 8

Influence

banks in municipal policy, 131

banks' over political process, 125 , 138

banks, W. T. Grant, 36 –38

on corporations, 2

of municipal policy, 139

on the state, 2

Ingraham, John, 51

Insolvency

W. T. Grant, 46 –47

Instrumentalism, 189

Instrumentalists, 14 –15

Insurance, 4 , 6 , 22 , 103 –4

and interlocks, 12

Interdependence

corporations and banks, 5

state and banks, 5

Interests

banks' vs. Chrysler, 74 , 89 –90, 96 –97, 99

banks' vs. Cleveland, 138 –39

banks' vs. corporations, 142 –43, 182

banks' vs. labor, 96 –97, 177 –78

banks' vs. labor, Cleveland, 140 –41

banks' vs. Penn Central, 59

banks vs. the poor, 177 –78

banks' vs. state, 70 –73, 76 –77, 99 , 172 , 176 , 178 , 179

banks' vs. W. T. Grant, 47 , 49 –52, 56 , 57 , 58 –59

common, 182 –83, 187 –88

common, CEI and banks, 138 –39, 140 –42

competing, 181 , 188

IMF vs. Mexico, 172

major banks vs. smaller banks, 164 –65, 183

state vs. labor, 177

state vs. the poor, 177

U.S. banks vs. foreign banks, 164 –66

Interlock(s).

See also Board(s); Directorates

as access to capital, 35

and banks, W.T. Grant, 34 , 53

banks and nonfinancials, 131

board and banks, 32

boards, 117

capitalists and the state, 16

CEI and banks, 129 , 183

directorates, 2 , 5 , 6 , 11 –13, 16 , 19 , 22 , 117 , 181 , 187 –88

directorates, Cleveland, 122 , 139

informational, 45 –46, 53 , 57 –58, 106 , 188

and local mortages, 131 –32

and power, 12

and their role, 181

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 145 , 147

International Monetary Fund, 73 , 145 , 147 , 152 , 158 –62, 166 –70, 172 , 174 –76, 178 –79, 186 , 190 –91, 193

quotas, 166 –68, 172 , 179

Intervention

banks, in W.T. Grant, 39 –40

Investment

joint, 12

Investment companies, 4

Invisible hand, 19 , 21 , 58 , 183

Irving Trust, 46

J

Jacobs, Marvin, 52 , 56

James, David, 19

Jessop, Bob, 14 –15

Johnson, Tom, 141

Jones, Day, Reavis and Pogue, 122 , 131

Justice

Department of, 115

K

Kahn, Alfred E., 83

Kami, Michael, 19

Kaysen, Carl, 58

Kelly, Richard, 64 , 80 –81

Kendrick, James G., 27 , 31 , 37 –38, 43 –44, 48 –49

Killefer, Tom, 72

Kingon, Alfred H., 171

Kirkland, Lane, 10 , 87 –88

Knapp, David W., 78 –79

Knowles, John, 5

Koch, Ed, 142 –43

Koenig, Thomas, 11 n, 12

Kolko, Gabriel, 14

Kondratieff, N. D., 170

Kotz, David, 1 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 23 , 187

Kraft, Joseph, 150 , 152 –55, 158 –66, 171

Kucinich, Dennis, 120 –22, 125 , 126 , 129 , 132 –43, 184 , 186 –87, 189 –90

L

Last resort, 186 –87

Latham, Earl, 13

Lazard-Freres, 137

Leasco, 24 , 102 –18, 143 , 182 –84, 186 –88

Lehman Bros., 113 –14

Lehman-Goldman, 23

Leland, Marc E., 169

Lending

and bank power, 2 , 6 –8

and the state, 16

Lenin, V. I., 1 , 3 –6

Levine, Joel, 5 , 11 n

Lichten, Eric, 21 , 142 , 192

Lichtensztejn, Samuel, 145 , 148 –49

Lintner, John, 7

Lipp, Robert, 114

Lipset, S. M., 13 , 188 n

Lipson, Charles, 145 n

Loan(s), 181 , 185

CEI, 129

Chrysler, 66

Loan(s) (continued )

Cleveland, 120

Eurodollar, 155

Euromarket, 147

Mexico, 154

and power, 1 –2

private, 147 –48

short-term, 6

and the state, 2 , 5 , 13

stipulation, 7

and stocks, 10

W. T. Grant, 34 –44

Loan Extension Agreement

W. T. Grant, 42 –43

Lockheed, 26

London, Bank of, 112

Long, Russel, 81

Losses

banks, Chrysler, 95 –96

labor, Chrysler, 96 –97

Luckett, Robert A., 39

Luckmann, Thomas, 18 n

Lustenberger, Louis C., 31

M

MacArthur, Edward S., 110 –11

McCall, Howard, 113

McDonough, William J., 99

McFadden, J. A., 106 , 107

McGillicuddy, John F., 70 –72, 99

McGuire, Patrick, 133

McKinney, Stewart B., 64 , 75 , 167

Magdoff, Harry, 7

Mancera, Miguel, 160

Mandel, Ernest, 14 –15, 17 , 188 n, 191

Manufacturers Hanover, 57 , 70 , 99 , 159

Mariolis, Peter, 11 n

Marschall, Dan, 125 , 126 , 132

Marsden, Keith, 145 n, 148

Mattione, Richard P., 145 n, 148 n

Mayer, Richard W., 29 , 33 , 37 –38, 45

Means, Gardiner C., 132

Mellon National Bank, 9 , 23

Menshikov, S., 1 , 5 –11, 22

Mergers, 2 , 7 , 8 , 108 –9

Merton, Robert, 20

Metcalf, Lee, 132 –33

Metropolitan Life Insurance, 23

Mexico, 24 , 147 , 182 –84, 186 –87, 188 , 193

history, 150 –56

Miliband, Ralph, 14 , 99 , 188 n, 189

Millar, Frank E., 69 n

Miller, G. William, 69 , 79

Mills, C. Wright, 14 , 188 n, 189

Mintz, Beth, 3 , 5 , 11 n, 12 , 22 , 184 , 187

Mitsubishi, 90 , 97

Mizruchi, Mark, 5 , 11 n, 12

Moffitt, Michael, 145 n, 146 , 148

Mokken, R. J., 12 n, 184 , 187

Mollenkopf, John, 21

Monkkonen, Eric H., 139

Monopolies

capitalist, 4 –5

Morgan, J. P., 141

Morgan, Stanley, 23

Morgan Guaranty, 9 , 23 , 32 , 35 –38, 41 –42, 45 –48, 57 –58, 168

Moritz, Michael, 63 , 65 , 70 , 89 –90, 92

Municipal Lighting Corporation, 126 –29, 131 –32, 134 –36, 138 –42, 182 , 186 , 190

history, 127 –28

Munoz, David Ibarra, 155

Munson, Richard, 133

N

National Association of Exporters and Importers, 156

National City Bank, 122 , 126 , 131 , 133

Nelson, Philip B., 56

Networks.

See also Board(s); Directorates; Interlocks

information, 106 –7

interlocking, 112 –13

Neustadt, Richard, 13

New York City, 142 –43, 192

Nuclear

power in Cleveland, 132 –33

Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 128

O

O'Connor, James, 15 , 17 –18, 21 , 132 , 140 , 188 n

O'Donnell, Guillermo, 14

OECD, 145 –46, 148

Offe, Claus, 15 , 188 n

Offer

tender, 104 , 106 –7, 111 , 113

Ogden, William S., 167

Ohio Edison, 122

Ohio Public Interest Campaign, 142

Oligarchy, 4

Olmer, Lionel H., 169

OPEC, 146

Oppenheimer, Mary, 1 , 5 , 6 , 59

Organization.

See also Consortia; Hegemony

of banks, 5

and power, 2

P

Pahl, R. E., 98 , 117

Palmer, Donald, 12

Pardo, Joseph, 55

Partido Revolucionario Institucional, 152 , 159 , 160

Patman, Wright, 11

Patterson, Tim, 22

Paul, Ron, 73

Payer, Cheryl, 147

Pelton, Richard, 5

Pemex, 153 –54

Pennings, Johannes, 12 n

Penn Central, 24 , 25 , 59

Pension(s), 181 , 183 , 185 , 194 .

See also Funds

and bank customers, 10

and bank power, 10 –11

and banks, 8

funds, 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 –10, 22 , 112 , 116 –17

funds, concentration, 9

Illinois Teachers', 54 , 56

investment return, 10

Michigan Teachers', 54 , 56

and stock dumping, 10 –11

Perk, Ralph, 125 –26, 128

Perlo, Victor, 5 , 8 –9

Perucci, Robert, 12

Peru, 147 , 149

Peterkin, DeWitt, Jr., 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 –38, 43 , 45 –46, 49 –50, 53 , 57 –58

Petrodollars, 146

Peugeot, 90 , 97

Pfeffer, Jeffrey, 12

Pierson, Harry, 39

Pilisuk, Mark, 12

Piven, Frances Fox, 15

Pluralism, 13 –14, 179 –80, 188 –89

Poland, 192

Populism

in Cleveland, 120 , 138 , 140 –42, 182

Portillo, Jose Lopez, 152 , 154 , 156 , 158 –60, 177 , 190

Poulantzas, Nicos, 14 –15, 58 , 188 n, 189 , 190 –91

Power.

See also Constraints; Discretion; Hegemony

allocative, 75 , 177 , 190

and constraint, 190

and control of capital flows, 5

discretionary, 117

operational, 75 , 98 , 117

as organization, 181

preemptive, 53

reputational, 184

and social construction of reality, 181 –82

traces in interlocks, 187 –88

transnational, 190 –91

vs. influence, 183 –84

Power elite, 14

Presthus, Robert, 13

Proxmire, William, 63 , 70 , 99 –100, 169

Prudential Life, 23

Q

Quijano, Jose Manuel, 145 , 148 –49

R

Ragin, Charles C., 170

Raid, bear, 107 , 109

Ratcliff, Kathryn Strother, 131

Ratcliff, Richard, 16 , 21 , 131 , 192

Reagan administration, 164

Recession

and external capital, 8

Recovery

Chrysler, 92 –93

Chrysler and labor, 92 , 93 , 94

Chrysler and the banks, 93

Chrysler and the state, 93 –94

Mexico, 172 –74

Redlining, 21

in Cleveland, 131 –32

Referendum, Cleveland, 134 –35

Regulations, federal, 61 –65, 96

Reinemer, Vic, 132 –33

Reliance Insurance Company, 103 –4, 105 , 110 , 117 –18

Relocation, corporate, 2

Remedies

last resort, 21 , 186 –87

Renchard, William S., 105 –7, 109 , 111 , 113

Research and development, 2

Resources, finance capital, 3 , 5

Reynolds, Clark, 147 , 150 , 151

Rhodes, James A., 137

Riccardo, John J., 61 , 63 , 67 , 90

Ridley, Scott, 141

Rifkin, Jeremy, 5 , 8 –11, 82 , 194

Rochester, Anna, 5 , 6

Rockefeller, Nelson, 115

Rodman, Charles G., 32 , 37 –39, 45 , 53 –55

Roe, Alan, 145n, 148

Rogers-Millar, L. Edna, 69 n

Rohrbaugh, Rodney E., 79

Rose, Arnold, 13 , 58 , 188 n

Ross, Joel, 19

Rubinson, Richard, 188

Rudolph, Richard, 141

Ryan, Judge Edward J., 55

S

St. Germain, Fernand J., 167

St. Louis, 192

Salancik, Gerald, 12

Sallach, David, 22

Sanchez Arnau, J. C., 145 n, 148

Savings and loan, 4 , 22

Schmitt, 175 , 176

Schumer, Charles, 168

Scott, John, 5 , 188

Schroeder, John P., 36 –37, 39 , 41 , 43 , 46 –50, 59

Schwartz, Michael, 5 , 11 n, 12 , 22 , 85 , 97 , 100 , 184 , 187

Seaman, Barrett, 63 , 65 , 70 , 89 –90, 92

Seiber, Marilyn, 145 , 146

Serrano, Jorge Diaz, 153

Shareholders, 116

Shearson Hammill, 112

Sherman, H., 17

Shumway, Norman D., 73

Silva, Jesus Herzog, 155 –56, 159 –60

Simmons, Richard, 114 –15

Skocpol, Theda, 14

Smith, Adam, 19

Smith Barney, 23

Smyth vs. Ames, 132

Sonquist, John, 11 n, 12

Soref, Michael, 19

Sparkman, John J., 115

Squire, Sanders and Dempsey, 122 , 131

Staley, Edward, 33 –34

Stallings, Barbara, 145 , 146 , 147 , 148

Stanton, Thomas B., 106

Stearns, Linda Brewster, 8 , 12

Steinberg, Saul, 102 –4, 106 –7, 109 , 111 , 114 , 116 –18, 143 , 188

Stewart, Donald W., 81

Stiles, Ned B., 5

Stock(s), 5 , 107 , 181 –82, 185

banks', 10 –11

CEI, 129 –31, 183

Chrysler, 76 –77, 79 , 85 , 89 , 93 , 99 , 100

dumping, 182 , 185 , 186

employee ownership, 81 –82, 85

and lending, 6

ownership, 5

and power, 2

voting, 10

W. T. Grant, 32 –34, 38 , 43

Stockholding, institutional, 2 , 5 , 8 –11, 187

Stokes, Carl, 125

Stokman, F. N., 12 n, 184 , 187

Strategic withholding, 147

Structural distortion, 146

Structuralists, 14 –16

Sundman, John, 40 , 45 , 49 –50, 56

Swanstrom, Todd, 120 , 139 , 142 –43

Sweezy, Paul, 7 , 17

Symons, Howard J., 68

T

Tabb, William K., 142

Takeover(s), 2 , 23 , 103 , 105 –12, 114 –16

and external capital, 7

Taxes, 5

Taylor, Lance, 153 , 159 , 172 –73

Tello, Carlos, 159

Theorists, critical, 15 –16

Thomas, W. I., 20

Toledo Edison, 131

Toms River Bank, 40 –41, 46

Townsend, Lynn A., 66 –67, 90

Toys R Us, 100

Truman, David, 13

Trust(s), 181 , 183 , 185 .

See also Funds

funds, 2 , 5 , 22 , 116 –18

funds, concentration, 8 –9

U

Unemployment

after Chrysler bailout, 90 –92, 96 –97

Mexico, 157 , 173 , 175

Unification

and competition, 2

structural, 3

United Auto Workers, 69 , 76 , 80 –88, 94 –97, 100 , 142 , 184 , 194

Unity, structural, 181

Up-front fees, 168 , 172 , 175 , 187

Mexico, 163

Useem, Michael, 12 , 14 , 16

V

Velasquez, Fidel, 159

Vento, Bruce F., 72

Ventures

joint, 181

new, 7

Villarejo, Don, 9

Voinovich, George V., 136 –37, 140 , 143 n, 193

Volcker, Paul, 158 –59, 161 , 163 –64, 166 –68

W

Wall Street, 11 , 102 –3, 115 –16, 118

Ward, Kathryn B., 145 n

Wasserman, Harvey, 133

Weber, Max, 13

Weiner, Benjamin, 172 , 173

Weinstein, James, 14 , 188 n, 189

Weir, Brock, 124 , 126 , 129 , 133

Whelan, Edward P., 125

White Consolidated Industries, 122

White Weld, 113 –14

Whitt, J. Allen, 14 , 16 , 139

Williams, G. A., 22

Winkler, J. T., 98 , 117

Wood, Robert, 145 n, 146 –47, 154 , 160 , 186

World Bank, 145

Y

Yago, Glenn, 85 , 97 , 100

Z

Zeller's LTD, 31 , 37 , 39 , 50 , 52

Zucker, Lynn, 185

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