Bibliography

Archival Sources

A. Basbakanlik (Prime Ministry) Archives, Istanbul

Archival material used in this study is mostly from the following document collections of Basbakanlik (Prime Ministry) Archives in Istanbul:

1. Bâb-i 'Âlî Evrâk Odasi Tasnîfi , papers of the Sublime Porte Secretariat:

a. 'Ayniyât Defterleri , registers of duplicates, containing copies of letters from the grand vizier's office, defter (register) no. 866.

b. Gelen-Giden Defterleri , registers for incoming and outgoing correspondence between the Sublime Porte and various departments and provinces, nos. 278–283, 971, 1009–1011, 1013–1020, and 1294.

c. Mümtâze: Cebel-i Lübnân Dosyalari , files on the privileged provinces: Mount Lebanon, nos. 1/1–7/297 (317 files in all).

2. Dîvân-i Hümâyûn Evrâki , papers of the Imperial Chancery. Only the following were consulted:

a. Mühimme Defterleri , registers of important decisions and decrees, no. 261.

b. Mühimme-i Mektûme Defterleri , registers for classified decisions, no. 10.

3. Irâdeler (Irâde Tasnîfi ), imperial decrees. These were consulted selectively, to check certain information in the Dâhiliye (internal affairs), Hâriciye (external affairs), and Meclis-i Mahsûs (Privy Council) sections for the years 1860–1891 (1277–1308 h ), and in the Mâliye (finance) section for the years 1892–1908 (1310–1326).

4. Yildiz Tasnîfi: Yildiz Esâs Evrâki, Yildiz Palace archives, main Yildiz documents.

(Appendix B contains detailed information on these and other collections of Ottoman documents that include material on Lebanese history from 1860 to 1918.)

B. Foreign Office Archives in the Public Records Office, London, series F.O. 78.

C. Hâriciye (Foreign Ministry) Archives in Istanbul, Tercüme Kalemi Evrâki (papers of the Translation Office), files nos. 256/1 and 35/5.

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