INDEX
Boldface type indicates illustrations. Page references in square brackets indicate textual references to endnotes. Institutions named after persons are alphabetized by last name; for example, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum is listed in the Gs. Titles of works are alphabetized by strict title; for example, Joan Miró (an exhibition) is listed in the Js .
A
Abandoned (Sheets), 171
abandonment, theme of, 47 -48
Abstract American Artists, 163
Abstract and Surrealist Art in the United States , 42 , 203 n.2, 285
abstract classicism, 42 , 62 ., 202
abstract expressionism, 4 , 15 n.5, 25 , 66 -67n.76;
anticlassicism of, 57 ;
compositional fragmentation in, 43 ;
dark variants of, 58 ;
exhibitions at California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 114 -15;
exhibitions at San Francisco Museum of Art, 114 -15;
gestural painting, 236 ;
and marginalization of Mexican art, 122 ;
origins in European surrealism, 183 ;
as politically noncommittal, 55 ;
rejection of surrealist automatism, 202 ;
as a response to horror, 55 , 58 -59, 65 n.51;
rise of, 42 ;
as shaped by war, 55 -61;
universality in, 49 ;
use of red and black in, 43 . See also California School of Fine Arts; New York School
abstract formalism, 193
abstraction, 4 ;
allegories of strife and despair, 45 ;
drip-trail, 164 ;
formalist, 62 ;
geometric, 57 ;
hard-edge, 42 , 62 , 202 ;
and individual imagination, 43 ;
kinetic, 13 ;
in public places, 85 -86;
unity and purity in, 4 . See also abstract expressionism; California School of Fine Arts
abstract surrealism, 196
abyss, theme of, 194 -95
academic realism, 164 -65
academic tradition, 70
Academy of Modern Art (Hollywood), 280
Adams, Ansel, 251 , 252 , 254 , 256 , 259 , 268 n.15;
on art for art's sake, 264 ;
exhibition at An American Place gallery, 283 ;
The Golden Gate before the Bridge, San Francisco, California , 253 ;
on Group f.64, 253 -54
Adams, Laura, 259
adobe, 142 , 144
Adorno, Theodor, 284
Adventure (Mathews), 87
Aesthetic Function in Space (Merrild), 188
aesthetics vs. function, 140 , 142
African and Negro Art (Museum of Modern Art, New York City), 108
African art, 167
Agee, William C., 123
Aiken, Robert H., 146 , 148
Aimless Walk (Hammid), 222
Albers, Josef, 112
Albright, Thomas, xv
Aldrin, Anders, 6 , 7
Alexander, William, 269 n.33
Alinder, James, 252
Alinder, Mary, 268 n.15
Allan, Sidney (pseud . of Sadakichi Hartmann), 126 , 279
Allegretto (Fischinger), 224
Allen, Harris C., 144
All the News (Vogel), 235
Alpha and Omega (Merrild), 188 , 189
Alvarez, Mabel, 26 -27, 27
American Artists Congress, 191
American Beauty, or the Movie Star (Merrild), 2
American Contemporary Gallery (Los Angeles), 212 , 233 , 238
American Legion, 79 , 82
American Negro (Guston and Kadish), 281
American Painters and Sculptors (Los Angeles Museum), 170
An American Place gallery (New York City), 256
American Scene painting, 182 , 184 . See also regionalism
Amor, Inés, 125
anarchism, 55
Anderson, Antony, 274
Anderson, Jeremy, 206 n.36
Anderson, Perry, 33 -34
Anderson, Susan, 13 -14
Angarola, Anthony, 170
Angel's Flight (Sheets), 171
Anger, Kenneth, 233 ;
Fireworks , 223 ;
inauguration of the Pleasure Dome,214
animation, 238
Ansel Adams at 683 Brockhurst (Willard Van Dyke), 251
Anthony House (Los Angeles; Maybeck), 152 -53
anthropomorphism, topographical, 163
anticlassicism, 57
antimodernism, 25
Anywhere out of the World (Murphy), 212
Aphrodite (Murphy), 212
arcades (Venice, Calif.; Marsh and Russell), 3
Archipenko, Alexander, 110 , 282
architecture, 139 -55;
adobe, 142 , 144 ;
bungalows, 141 , 141 -43;
as central to modernism, 8 ;
function versus aesthetics, 140 , 142 ;
"game of images," 10 ;
illusions of contrast and contradictions, 140 , 152 -53;
industrial, linearity of, 169 ;
and mathematics. 140 , 142 , 143 ;
Mediterranean/Hispanic revival, 144 (see also141 , 144 );
mission revival, 140 , 142 , 144 , 151 , 152 ;
pre-Columbian-style, 141 ;
pueblos, 141 ;
Santa Fe-style, 141 ;
stucco, 142 , 144 ;
symbolism in, 143 ;
terra-cotta tile blocks, 149 ;
traditionalism, 139 , 144 . See also concrete construction
Archives of American Art, xv
Arensberg, Walter and Louise, 97 , 124 , 280 ;
European modernist collection of, 183 , 187 , 204 n.5;
relationship with Duchamp and Man Ray, 99 , 191 , 205 n.19
Argonauts (Beckmann), 116
Argus, 280
Arledge, Sara Kathryn: "The Experimental Film: A New Art in Transition," 236 ;
Introspection , 235 , 235 -36
Armfield, Maxwell, 151
Armitage, Merle, 4
Armory Show (New York City), 97 , 98 , 123 , 161 , 164 , 192
Arnautoff, Victor, 73 , 79 ;
Metropolitan Lift , 105 , 106
Arneson, Robert, 62
Arp, Jean, 193
Arroyo Guild of Fellow Craftsmen, 275
art: as freedom, 57 ;
as originating in problem solving, 24
Art Autre, 11
Art Center (San Francisco; formerly , Modern Gallery), 279
Art Center School (Los Angeles), 227 , 281
Art Commission, 106
Art Digest , 67 n.80
art history, marginalization of, 5
Art in Cinema festivals (San Francisco Museum of Art), 203 , 233 , 236 , 285
Art Institute of Chicago, 66 -67n.76
Artists Equity Association, 83
Artland Club (Los Angeles), 279
The Art of Edward Weston (E. Weston), 256 -57, 263
Art of This Century gallery (Los Angeles), 102
Arts and Architecture , 139
Arts and Crafts movement, 143 , 149
The Arts and Crafts of Mexico (McDowell Club; Los Angeles), 126
Arts and Crafts Society of Southern California, 279
Arts Club of Chicago, 125
Art Students League of Los Angeles, 275
Art Students' League of San Pedro, 280
Art Teachers Association of California, 277
Ashcan painting, 275
Ashton, Dore, 4
Asian art, 167
assemblage form, 30
Associated American Artists, 285
Associated Artists of San Diego (later Contemporary Artists of San Diego), 280
Associated Farmers of California, 82
Atherton, Gertrude, 86
At Land (Deren), 223
Atterbury, Grosvenor: Forest Hills Garden (Long Island), 144
At the Sign of the Grasshopper bookstore (Los Angeles), 103 , 279
Austin, Charles, 163
authoritarianism, 56 -57
Automatic Hitler Kicking Machine (Goldberg), 52 , 64 n.30
automatism, 13 , 182 , 193 , 196 , 197 ;
calligraphy, 203 ;
criticism of, 202 , 208 n.65;
exploration of chance, 206 n.41
B
Baldessari, John, 201
Baul Ballard's Film Society, 233
Ballet Mécanique (Murphy). 211 -12
Ballin, Hugo, 123 , 131 ;
Department of Water and Power Building murals (Los Angeles),
134 ;
Los Angeles Times murals, 134
Balloonic Uplifters (Spohn), 50
Banning House (Los Angeles; McCoy), 149
Bara, Theda, 214
Baranceanu, Belie (Goldschlager), 280 ;
Hollywood Hills , 171 ;
Leaf Bud , 170 ;
Sunset Boulevard at Everett Street , 171 ;
The Yellow Robe , plate 7,170
Barlow, Roger: Even as You and I , 219 , 220 -21
Barnes, Matthew, 43 , 206 n.34
Barr, Alfred, 182
Barreda, Octavio G., 125
Barrows Lane Gallery (University of California at Berkeley), 282
Barton, Ralph, 122
Barttlett House (Los Angeles; Whittlesey), 146
Bauer, Rudolf, 226
Bauhaus, 110 , 112 -13. See also specific artists
The Bauhaus: How It Worked (Mills College, Oakland), 112
Bay Area. See San Francisco
Beasley, David, 54
Beat art, 202 , 203 , 209 n.67
Becket, Welton: Pan-Pacific Auditorium Building (Los Angeles), 282
Beckmann, Max, 115 -18, 286 ;
Argonauts , 116 ;
Mill in the Eucalyptus Grove , 115 -16;
San Francisco , 115 -16
Bedroom Fluff (Spohn), 53
Being, 38 n.28
Bellows, George, 277
Belson, Jordan, 233 ;
Transmutation , 234 ;
Vortex Concerts, 234
Bender, Albert, 260
Bengston, Billy Al, xv
Benjamin, Karl, 202
Bennington School of Dance (Mills College, Oakland), 112
Benton, Arthur B., 146
Benton, Thomas Hart, 45 , 112 , 159 , 283 , 285
Berkeley, Busby, 224
Berkeley League of Fine Arts, 278
Berkman, Alexander, 55
Berlin, Ben, 5 ;
Duck-Cannon-Firecrackers , plate 1 ;
Owngz , 167 ;
Portrait , 167 , 168 ;
Vudu Futhmique , 167
Berman, Eugene, 45 , 182 , 285
Berman, Wallace, 201 , 202
Bertoia, Harry, 238
Biberman, Edward, 134 , 159 , 166 ;
The Hollywood Palladium , plate 9 , 176
Biddle, George, 72 , 105 , 122
Billings, Warren, 81
Biltmore Salon (Biltmore Galeria Real, Los Angeles), 278
Bischoff, Elmer, 56 , 57 ;
The Gifts of Jermayne MacAgy , 208 n.64
Bivouac Art Club (Los Angeles), 277
Bivouac Art Club of the Otis Art Institute Prize, 127
Black and Tan (Murphy), 212
Black Flag (Magritte), 52
Bladen, Ronald, 55
Blanch, Arnold, 79
Blood of a Poet (Cocteau), 223
Bloody Thursday. See Pacific Maritime Strike
Blue Four, 6 , 16 n.9, 249 ;
exhibition at the Oakland Art Gallery, 279 ;
Feininger, 6 , 100 -102 (see also Feininger, Lyonel);
Jawlensky, 6 , 100 -102;
Kandinsky, 6 , 100 -102, 103 , 107 ;
Klee, 6 , 25 , 100 -102
Blue Rider group, 107
Blues Pattern (John Whitney, Crippen, and Pintoff), 238
Blum, John Morton, 49
Blumann, Sigismund, 255 -56
Bombardment (Lundeberg), 176
Bondi, Beulah, 130
Bonfiglio, María Ramírez, 127
Bop City (San Francisco), 233 , 234
Bosch, Hieronymus, 46
Boswell, Peyton, 163
Bothwell, Dorr, 160 , 202
Bradbury, Malcolm, 41
Braun, Maurice, 275
Brechin, Gray, 10
Brecht, Bertolt, 284 ;
Galileo , 285
Brenner, Anita, 122
Breton, André, 184 , 196 , 204 n.3
Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (Duchamp), 284
The Bridge (Vidor), 215
Bridges, Harry, 75 , 77
Brigante, Nick, 163
Brigman, Anne, 257 , 258 , 259 ;
The Storm Tree , 247
Broughton, James, 214 ;
Mother's Day , 234 ;
The Potted Psalm$ , 203 , 233
Brown, Joan, 62
Brown, Jr., Arthur, 104
Browner, Juliet, 191 , 283
Bruce, Edward, 73 , 85
Brush and Pencil Club of Los Angeles, 276
Bryan, William Alanson, 130
Bufano, Beniamino, 276
Budding the Railroad (Refregier), 80
bungalows, 141 , 141 -43
Buñuel, Luis, 283 ;
Un Chien Andalou , 223
Burger, Peter, 30
Burkhardt, Hans, 14 , 62 , 159 , 283 ;
antiwar paintings of, 46 -50, 176 , 182 ;
concentration camp paintings of, 48 -49;
Iwo Jima , 46 ;
One Way Road , 46 ;
One World , 49 -50;
opposition to World War II, 46 ;
optimism of, 50 ; The Parting , 47 -48;
universality in work of, 49 ;
VE Day , plate 5 , 49 ;
War, Agony in Death , 46 , 47 , 48
Burnham, Daniel H., 69 , 274
Bute, Mary Ellen, 232
Bwana Devil (Hoffman), 218
C
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Wiene), 214
Cabré, Manuel, 127
Cage, John, 11 , 226 , 282 , 283
Calder, Alexander, 52 , 193 , 276
Calder, Alexander Stirling, 276
California: anti-Mexican bias in, 126 ;
artist émigrés in, 42 ;
eastern perspective on, 1 , 15 n.2, 157 , 159 ;
European influences on, 8 , 10 ;
invented traditions of, 4 , 15 n.3;
isolation of, 13 , 34 , 158 -59, 160 , 166 ;
promotional art of, 92 n.33;
reverence for settlers of, 69 -70, 79 ;
transformation into cosmopolitan center, 34 , 42
California Art Club (Los Angeles; formerly Painters' Club), 275
California Art Research Project, 283
California Arts,275
California Arts and Architecture magazine, 126 , 257 , 284
California Camera Club, 269 n.39;
Camera Craft magazine, 247 , 255 , 257 , 258 -59, 274
California College of Arts and Crafts (Oakland; formerly California School of Arts and Crafts), 275
California Color Society, 227
California Data (Shore), 170
California Graduate School of Design (Pasadena), 283
California Industrial Scenes (Howard), 105
California Landscape (Macdonald-Wright), plate 3
California-Pacific International Exhibition (San Diego), 282
California Palace of the Legion of Honor (San Francisco), 102 , 103 , 279 ;
exhibitions of abstract expressionism, 114 -115 (see also specific artists )
California Progressive Group, 277
California School of Arts and Crafts (Oakland; later California College of Arts and Crafts), 275
California School of Fine Arts (San Francisco; formerly Mark Hopkins Institute of Art and San Francisco Institute of Art), 55 -61, 114 , 208 n.64, 277 , 285 ;
antiauthoritarianism ethos at, 57 ;
rejection of surrealist automatism, 202 , 208 n.65
California Society of Artists (San Francisco), 274
California Society of Etchers (San Francisco), 275
California watercolor school, 62
California Watercolor Society (Los Angeles), 278
Callahan, Kenneth, 104
camera clubs, 245 , 267 n.2
Camera Craft magazine, 247 , 255 , 257 , 258 -59, 274
Cándida Smith, Richard, 10
Cannon Art School (Los Angeles), 275
Cantú, Federico, 122
Carey, Paul, 16 n.9
Carmel Art Association, 280
Carmel Arts and Crafts Society, 274
Carmel-by-the-Sea artists' colony, 274
Carmel Institute of Art, 283
cartoon books, 64 n.39
cartoons, 238
Castel, Father Louis-Bertrand, 224
Catholic Church, 75
Centaur Gallery (Hollywood), 134 , 181 , 282
Cézanne, Paul, 108
Chadwick, Whitney, 204 n.9
chance, theme of, 205 n.24, 206 n.41
chaos, theme of, 195
Charlot, Jean, 122 , 123 , 129 , 133 ;
The History of Art from the Mayas to Walt Disney , 132 ;
Luz , 133 ;
Mayan influence on, 132 ;
Ministry of Education murals, 130 ;
Picture Book No. 1 , 133
Bob Chatterton's Film Society, 233
Cheney, Sheldon, 15 n.6
Un Chien Andalou (Dalí and Buñuel, 223
Chinese Revolutionary Artists' Club (San Francisco), 279
Chirico, Giorgio de, 183 -84;
exhibition at Stendahl Art Galleries, 281
Chouinard School of Art (Los Angeles; later Chouinard Art Institute), 166 , 227 , 278
chronology of modern art in California, 273 -87
cinema. See film; film-as-an-art
Cinema Arts, Society of, 233
Circle Gallery (Hollywood), 181
Circle magazine, 285
Circles (Fischinger), 224
Citizen's Committee to Protect the Rincon Annex Murals, 92 n.43
city symphonies, 235
The Civil War (Refregier), 81
Clair, René: Entr'acte , 219
Clapp, William, 100 , 102
Clarke, Alson, 123 , 135 n.6
Clarke House (Santa Fe Springs, Calif.; Gill), 149
class struggle, theme of, 77
Clements, Grace, 185
Clinic of Stumble (Hirsh and Peterson), 234
Coate, Roland E., 139
Cocteau, Jean: Blood of a Poet , 223
cognitive art vs. perceptual art, 37 n.16
cognitive association, 24
Coit Memorial Tower murals (San Francisco), 73 -74, 100 , 105 -6, 282
Cold War, 78
College of Fine Arts (University of Southern California at Garvanza), 274
color: abstractions in, 26 -27;
and harmony, 26
colorism, 16 n.8
color organs, 230 -31
Commercial Artists' Club of Los Angeles, 279
The Communist Manifesto (Marx), 66 n.70
The Communist Manifesto in
Pictures (McChesney and H. Smith, illustrators), 285
Community Arts Association of Santa Barbara, 278
competitiveness among artists, 158
Composition in Blue (Fischinger), 224
Concrete Building and Investment Co., 149
concrete construction, 142 , 145-48, 150 ;
and concealed structure, 149 , 152 -53;
as continuation of Mediterranean/Hispanic style, 144 ;
cost of, 146 , 149 ;
Hillman system, 148 ;
hollow-wall technique, 148 ;
lift-slab technique, 146 , 148 , 149 ;
potential of, 143 -44
Concrete House Building Co., 144
Congress of Industrial Organizations, 77
Conner, Bruce, 202
constructivism, 193
Contemporary Artists of San Diego (formerly Associated Artists of San Diego), 280
Copley, William, 182 , 285
Copley Galleries (Los Angeles), 181 -82, 192 , 285
Copper (Dike), 172
Corbett, B. Cooper: J. Wesley Roberts House (Los Angeles), 146 , 147
Corbett, Edward, 55 , 57 ;
disillusionment with science, 66 n.62;
reactionary regionalism of, 62 ;
Untitled , 58 , 59 , 66 n.70
Cornejo, Francisco, 122 , 129 ;
Xochiquetzal , 127
Cornell, Joseph, 285
Cornwell, Dean, 279
Coronet Theatre (Los Angeles), 233
cosmic birth, theme of, 184
Cosmicide (Lundeberg), 185 , 186 , 188
Courvoisier Gallery (San Francisco), 181
Cowell, Henry, 276
Creation in Form and Color (Hofmann), 107
Creative Film Associates, 233
Crehan, Hubert, 65 n.60
Crespo, Jorge Juan, 122 , 127 ;
Sons of Italy Hall murals, 129
Criffith, Corinne, 130
Crippen, Fred: Blues Pattern , 238 ;
Performing Painter , 238
The Crowd (Hagedorn), plate 2
Crucifix (Lebrun), 45
crucifix as a metaphor for war, 45
cubism, 33 , 167 , 193
Cubism and Abstract Art (Museum of Modern Art, New York City), 108
Cunningham, Imogen, 251 , 254 , 257 , 260 , 262 , 268 n. 15, 277 ;
Mills College Amphitheater , 261 ;
on photography, 267
Cypress, Point Lobos, Carmel, California (Noskowiak), 266
D
dada, 182 , 191 -93
Dailey, Gardner, 139
Dalí, Salvador, 52 , 181 ;
Un Chien Andalou , 223 ;
exhibition at California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 284 ;
involvement in experimental film, 211 , 285 ;
lectures on surrealism, 194
Dalzell-Hatfield Gallery (Los Angeles), 103 , 279
Danto, Arthur, 11 , 16 n. 14
Darío, Rubén, 135 n. 1
Dark and Light journal, 278
Dasein , 38 n.28
Daughters of the American Revolution, 79
Davies, Arthur B., 274
Davis, Ron, xv
Davis, Stuart, 41
DeBrier, Samson (Arthur Jasmine), 213 , 214
deconstruction, 153
DeFeo, Jay, 202
Degenerate Art (Nazi exhibition), 110
Dehn, Adolph, 259
de Kooning, Willem, 46 , 85
Delano, Annita, 8 , 9 , 10
Delaunay, Sonia, 8 -9
Del Monte Art Gallery (Monterey), 275
De Martino, Ernesto, 30 -31, 32
Demuth, Charles, 168
Depression, Great, 70 , 72 , 263
Derain, André, 163
Deren, Maya: At Land , 223 ;
Meshes of the Afternoon , 222 , 222 -23;
Ritual in Transfigured Time , 223
design as central to modernism, 8
"Design for a Concrete Apartment House" (Wilson), 145
Deutsch, Boris, 123 , 163 ;
Lullaby , 218 , 218 -19;
Rock of Ages , 167 ;
What Atomic War Will Do to You , 176 , 177
Día de Flores (Rivera), 127 , 128
Dickey, Dan, 173
Diebenkorn, Richard, xv , 56 , 57 , 58 , 100 , 285
Dijkstra, Bram, 13
Dike, Phil, 13 , 123 , 166 ;
Copper , 172
Disasters of War (Goya), 48
Discovery of Gold (Refregier), 81
disillusionment, 58 ;
with science, 66 n.62
Disney, Walt, 279 ;
Disney Studios, 224
distance, 10
The Divers (Léger), 114 , 115
divisionism, 166
Dix, Otto, 49
Dixon, Maynard, 103
Dockum, Charles: MobilColor Projectors, 230 -31, 231 , 232 -33
documentary photography, 245
Dodge, Mabel, 100
Dodge House (Hollywood; Gill), 149 , 276
Doheny, Edward, 31
Dondero, George, 78 , 79 , 85 , 91 n.31
Double Portrait of the Artist in Time (Lundeberg), 185 , 187
Double Wedding at Beverly Hills (Ernst), 191
Dove, Arthur, 171
Arthur Wesley Dow Foundation, 278
Drexler, Fred, 82
Duchamp, Marcel, 11 , 16 n.13, 99 , 124 , 283 ;
Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even , 284 ;
exhibition at California School of Fine Arts, 285 ;
involvement in experimental film, 211 ;
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 , 97 , 98 , 205 n.19, 276 ;
relationship with Spohn, 205 n.19;
relationship with the Arensbergs, 205 n.19
Duchamp and Villon (California School of Fine Arts, San Francisco), 285
Duck-Cannon-Firecrackers (Berlin), plate 1
Dufy, Raoul, 108
Dulac, Germaine, 211
Dunham, Katherine, 222
Dunlap, Helena, 169 -70, 277
Durston, Arthur, 173 -74;
Industry , 174 , 174
Duryee, E., 146
Dynaton movement, 24 , 183 , 207 n.50, 209 n.66;
exhibition at San Francisco Museum of Art, 198 -200;
use of non-Western themes and motifs, 202 -3
Dyn journal, 196 -97
E
"Earthquake to Albright: Modernism in Northern California, 1906-1945" (symposium; California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco), xv
East West Gallery of Fine Arts (San Francisco), 181
eclecticism, 178
Ecole de Paris (East West Gallery of Fine Arts, San Francisco), 100 , 280
Edison, Thomas, 144
Edwards, John Paul, 243 , 254
Edwards, Mar), Jeanette, 256 , 258 , 259 , 264
Ehrlich, Susan, 205 n.23
Ehrman, Marli, 112
Eichman, Henry, 131
Einstein, Albert, 22
Eisenstein, Sergei, 211 , 221 , 281
Paul Elder Gallery (San Francisco), 102 , 181
electronic music, 229 , 234
Eliot, T. S., 25
émigré experience, 10
emotion, exploration of, 165
Emperor Jones (Murphy), 212 ,
The Enchanted City (Newcombe), 214 , 215 , 239 n.3
Engel, Jules: Gerald McBoing Boing , 238
Entenza, John, 139
Entr'acte (Clair), 219
Ernst, Max, 44 , 201 , 284 ;
Double Wedding at Beverly Hills , 191 ;
exhibitions, 282 , 286
Esherick, Joseph, 139
European Modernists (Oakland Art Gallery), 102 , 280
Even as You and I (Robbins, Barlow, and Hay), 219 , 220-21
Exercises (James and John Whitney), 228 -29, 230
Exhibition of Modern American Painters (Los Angeles), 278
Exhibition of Paintings of American Modernists, 16n.10
"Experimental Cinema in America" (Jacobs), 236
experimental film, 203 , 211 -23, 236
"The Experimental Film: A New Art in Transition" (Arledge), 236
Experimental Film Society, 233
experimentation, 200 , 207 n.55
expressionism, 25 ;
figurative, 62 , 165 ;
and individual imagination, 43 ;
linear, 13 , 168 -69, 172 ;
and mistrust of rationality, 33 .
See also abstract expressionism; German expressionism
F
f.64. See Group f. 64
Falkenstein, Claire, 11 -12, 17 n.15;
Fertility , 12
Fantasia , 224 , 225
Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism (Museum of Modern Art), 108 , 182 , 185
Fantastic War Machines and Guerragaphs (Spohn), 45 , 50 -55, 54 -55, 63 n.25, 64 n.41
"Farewell to Surrealism" (Paalen), 197
Farm Security Administration (FSA), 245 , 264
Farnsworth, Philo T., 280
Faure, Elie, 122 , 123 -24;
"The Revolution in Art Today," 129
fauvism, 25 , 33 , 161 , 166 , 167
federal arts funding. See United States government, arts funding by
Federal Arts Projects. See United States government, arts funding by
Feininger, Lyonel, 6 , 100 -102, 110 -11, 283 ;
crystal images, 110 ;
exhibition at Oakland Art Gallery, 249 ;
work outlawed in Germany, 110
Feitelson, Lorser, 13 , 34 , 42 , 62 , 280 ;
on artistic environment of Southern California, 158 -59, 160 , 166 ;
Genesis #2 , 184 , 184 -85;
Life Begins , 188 , 189 ;
"New Classicist" exhibition at Centaur Gallery, 282 ;
political orientation of, 43 , 134 ;
postsurrealism of, 182 , 183 -85, 201 -2;
as supervisor for Southern California Federal Art Project, 204 n.16
Fejos, Paul: The Last Moment , 215
Fellows, Thomas, 148
feminist art, 185
Ferenc, F. K., 127
Fertility (Falkenstein), 12
Ferus Gallery (Los Angeles), xv , 11
Festival of Modern Poetry (San Francisco), 285
figurative art. See representationalism
film, 13 , 274 ;
dating films, 239 n.3;
musicals, 224 ;
realism in, 172 ;
surrealism in, 200 -201, 207 -8n.56. See also experimental film; film-as-an-art
Filmarte Theatre (Los Angeles), 211 -12, 240 n.19
film-as-an-art, 211 -41;
animation, 238 ;
dating films, 239 n.3;
experimental film, 211 -23, 236 ;
film societies, 233 ;
landscape films, 235 ;
psychodramas, 234 -35;
theaters, museums, and galleries, 211 -12, 227 , 230 , 240 n.19; 35mm, 214 -15;
visual music, 223 -38
Fine Arts, Commission of, 72
Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego (later San Diego Museum of Art), 279
Fine Arts League (Los Angeles), 275
Fireworks (Anger), 223
First Church of Christ Scientist (Berkeley; Maybeck), 275
The First Hypothesis (Howard), 194 , 195
First Pan American Exhibition of Oil Paintings (Los Angeles County Museum), 127 , 130
"First Salon of Pure Photography" (683 Brockhurst gallery, Oakland), 259
"first sensation" movement, 42
First War Winter (Howard), 45 , 194
First World War. See World War I
Fischinger, Oskar, 13 , 224 -27, 232 , 238 , 283 ;
Allegretto , 224 ;
Circles , 224 ;
Composition in Blue , 224 ;
financial support of, 226 -27;
Motion Painting No. 1 , 225 , 226 , 227 ;
An Optical Poem , 224 ;
Radio Dynamics , 226 , 228
Florey, Robert: Jonathan the Coffin Maker , 216 ;
The Life and Death of 9413 —A Hollywood Extra , 215 -16, 216-17 ;
Loves of Zero , 216
Flux Bouquet (Merrild), 174
Fog in the Harbor (T. L. Hunt), 166 -67
folk art, 167
For Art's Sake , 278
Forbes, Helen, 160
Ford, Henry, 122
Forest Hills Garden (Long Island; Atterbury), 144
Forest Murmurs (Hoffman and Vorkapich), 218
form, essential, 166 , 167
formalism, 15 n.5, 62 , 193
fortune, theme of, 205 n.24
La Fortune, III (Man Ray), 192 , 205 n.23
Foster, Hal, 15 n.5
Foundation of Western Art (Los Angeles), 282
The Four Freedoms (Refregier), 75 , 82
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (Newcombe), 239 n.3
Fragment of Seeking (Harrington), 223
frames, 57
Frances (Kanaga), 260 , 262
Francis, Sam, xv , 108
Frankenstein, Alfred, 4 , 42 , 83 , 282
freedom, 33 ;
art as, 57 ;
as central to surrealism, 181 ;
of western frontier, 201
"free-form" movement, 42
Free Lance Art Club of Los Angeles, 278
French art, influence of, 99 -100, 107 -8
French surrealism, 13
fresco buono , 105
fresco painting, 129
Freud, Sigmund, 196 , 223
Friedrich, Caspar David, 110 -11
Friends of Mexico Foundation, 107
Firm Everett Street (Baranceanu), 171
"From Prehistoric Art to the Blue Four" (Oakland Art Gallery), 102
frontier, freedom of, 201
FSA (Farm Security Administration), 245 , 264
function versus aesthetics, 140 , 142
funk art, 45 , 203
Fussell, Paul, 45
futurism, 98 -99, 167
G
Galerie Beaux Arts (San Francisco), 279
Galileo (Brecht and Laughton), 285
Gamble House (Pasadena; Charles and Henry Greene), 275
Games (Harrington), 223
Garnett, Porter, 4
Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri, 37 n. 16
Gaw, William, 284
Gebhard, David, 10
Gee, Yun, 6 , 7 , 278 , 279
Gehry, Frank O., 139 , 153
Genesis (Lebrun), 106
Genesis #2 (Feitelson), 184 , 184 -85
Genthe, Arnold, 262 ;
Pictures of Old Chinatown , 277
geometric abstraction, 57
George, Myron, 84 , 85
Gerald McBoing Boing (Engel), 238
German art: influence of, 100 -102, 109 -12, 130See also Bauhaus; German expressionism
German expressionism, 6 , 16 n.9
German Warehouse (Richland Center, Wisc.; F. L. Wright), 144
Gerstle, William, 104
gestural painting, 14 , 236
Getty Conservation Institute, 107
Ghosts before Noon (Richter), 219 , 221
The Girls of Jermayne MacAgy , (Bischoff), 208 n.64
Gilbert, Cass: United States Army supply base (Brooklyn, N.Y.), 144 , 145 ;
Woolworth Building (New York City), 144
Gill, Irving J., 21 , 143 , 155 n.30;
Clarke House (Santa Fe Springs, Calif.), 149 ;
Dodge House (Hollywood), 149 , 276 ;
Laughton House (Los Angeles), 149 ;
Lee and Teats House (San Diego), 152 ;
Lewis Court (Sierra Madre), 149 ;
purist approach to design, 149 , 152 ;
relationship to California's past, 151 ;
Ellen B. Scripps House (La Jolla), 151 ;
Scripps Recreation Center (La Jolla), 150 ;
use of concrete, 148 -49, 152
Giorgio de Chirico (Stendahl Art Galleries, Los Angeles), 281
Gleizes, Albert, 169
Glendale Art Association, 278
Goldberg, Rube: Automatic Hitler Kicking Machine , 52 , 64 n.30
The Golden Gate before the Bridge, San Francisco, California (Adams), 253
Golden Gate International Exhibition (Treasure Island), 283
Goldfadn, Avrom: Tenth Commandment , 239 n.8
Gold Rush, 69-70
Goldschmidt, Adolph, 109
Goldstein, Philip. See Guston, Philip
Goldsworthy-Clark School of Allied Arts (Los Angeles), 279
Goodhue, Bertram G., 139 , 279
Gorky, Arshile, 46 ;
exhibition at San Francisco Museum of Art, 284
government, U.S., arts funding by. See United States government, arts funding by
Goya, Francisco: Disasters of War; 48
Graham, Martha, 112
Grand Parlor of the Native Sons of the Golden West (NSGW), 77 -78
Grant, Joseph Donohue, 70
Grape Arbor (T. L. Hunt), 167
Great Film Society, 233
Greenberg, Clement, 4 , 15 n.5
Green Dolphin Street (Newcombe), 214
Greene, Charles and Henry, 143 ;
David B. Gamble House (Pasadena), 275
Grey, Elmer, 146
Griffith, D. W.: Intolerance , 214
Grillo, John, 56 , 57
Gropius, Walter, 109 -10
Group f.64, 11 , 245 , 249 -67;
at 683 Brockhurst gallery, 251 , 256 , 258 -59;
aesthetics of, 257 ;
critical reception of, 255 -56;
exhibitions, 252 , 254 -55, 257 , 268 n.22;
exhibition statement of, 252 -54, 268 n. 15;
legacy of, 264 -67;
origin of, 249 -52, 268 n. 15;
women in, 259 -62
Group of Independent Artists of Los Angeles, 163 , 167 , 278
Grove, Otis M., 274
Guernica (Picasso), 46
Guerrero, Xavier, 126
Guggenheim, Peggy, 102 -3, 284
Guggenheimer, Mrs. Caesar, 122
Guggenheim Foundation, 226 , 230 -31
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (New York City), 226 , 231
Guston, Philip (formerly Goldstein), 79 , 122 , 277 ;
American Negro , 281 ;
Tubercular Sanitorium fresco (Los Angeles), 191
Gutmann, John, 282
H
Haas, Richard, 89 , 93 n.58
Hagedorn, Edward, 5 -6, 16 n.9;
The Crowd , plate 2
Hagemeyer, Johan, 257 , 277
Hale, Garrett, 135 n.6
Hale, William, 28
Haley, John, 108
Hall, Manly P., 236
Hammersley, Frederick, 44 , 202
Hammid, Alexander: Aimless Walk222 , 222 ;
portrait of Galka Scheyer, 101
Hansen, Ejnar, 13 , 173
hard-edge abstraction, 42 , 62 , 202
Harmon Foundation of New York, 281
harmony, 26
d'Harnoncourt, René, 122
Harrington, Curtis, 233 ;
Fragment of Seeking , 223 ;
Games , 223 ;
Night Tide,223 ;
On the Edge , 223 ;
What's the Matter with Helen?223
Harrison, William Preston, 276 , 281
Hart, Lawrence, 34
Hartley, Marsden, 161 -62
Hartmann, Sadakichi (Sidney Allan), 126 , 173 , 279
Harvey, David, 14
Hassam, Childe, 275
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 33
Hay, Harry: Even as You and I219 , 220-21 ;
Suicide , 221 -22
Hayden, Bits: Labor Buries Its Dead , 71
Hayter, Stanley William, 202 , 208 n.65
Head, Edith, 130
Hearst newspapers, 73 , 85
Hedrick, Wally, 206 n.36
Heidegger, Martin, 25
Hell, Walter, 73 , 89 , 109
Heinecken, Robert, 201
Helms, McKinley, 134
Henri, Robert, 276 , 279
Henri Rousseau (Peterson), 238
Herms, George, 201 , 202
Hersholt, Jean, 122
Herter, Albert, 279
Heyman, Therese, 10
Hibi, Hisako, 6
Hiler, Hilaire, 85 -86, 92 n.48, 181 ;
San Francisco Aquatic Park mtral, 283 ;
Why Abstract? 282
Hill Bungalow (Los Angeles; Walker and Vawter), 141
Hillman system of concrete construction, 148
Hindemith, Paul, 224 , 283
Hinkle, Clarence: Laguna Beach , 166
Hirsh, Hy, 221 ;
Clinic of Stumble , 234 ;
Horror Dream , 234
The History of Art from the Mayas to Walt Disney (Chariot), 132
Hitchcock, Alfred, 130
Hockney, David, 176
Hoffman, John: Bwana Devil , 218 ;
Forest Murmurs , 218 ;
Moods of the Sea , 218 ;
Prelude to Spring , 218
Hofmann, Hans, 107 -8, 129 , 281 ;
Creation in Form and Color , 107 ;
donation of works to University of California at Berkeley, 119 n.17;
exhibition at California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 281 ;
Table with Fruit and Coffeepot , 109
Holder, Preston, 249 -50, 252 , 254
Holland, Leicester B., 104 , 153 , 153 n.1
Hollinger, David, 21
Hollyhock House (Hollywood; E L. Wright), 277
Hollywood, 192
Hollywood Art Association, 277
Hollywood Art Center School, 279
Hollywood Film and Foto League, 219
Hollywood Gallery of Modern Art, 282
Hollywood Hills (Baranceanu), 171
The Hollywood Palladium (Biberman), plate 9 , 176
Holm, Hanya, 112
homosexuality, theme of, 223
Mark Hopkins Institute of Art (later San Francisco Institute of Art and California School of Fine Arts), 275
Hopper, Edward, 284
Hord, Donal, 277
Horn, Walter, 109
Horror Dream (Hirsh and Peterson), 234
House of Cards (Vogel), 235
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 79
Hover Machine (Spohn), 50 , 51
Howard, Charles, 182 , 193 -95, 202 , 203 n.2;
as designing supervisor of WPA, 194 ;
The First Hypothesis , 194 , 195 ;
First War Winter , 45 , 194 ;
influence of, 206 n.36;
The Progenitors , plate 10 , 193 ;
use of motion, 194
Howard, John Langley: California Industrial Scenes , 105
Howard, Robert, 43
Howe, Thomas Carr, 84 , 89
Howell, Warren, 83
Hultberg, John, 58 , 208 n.65
humanism and freedom, 33
Humboldt Art Club (Humboldt, Calif.), 282
humor, 52 -53, 54
Humphrey, Doris, 112
Hunt, Myron, 146
Hunt, Thomas Lorraine: Fog in the Harbor , 166 -67;
Grape Arbor , 167
Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery (San Marino), 277
Hurtado, Luchita, 197
Huston, John, 122 , 130
Huxley, Aldous, 283
Huxley, Julian, 83 -84
I
idealism, 49 -50
imagination and individuality, 43
imitation: as magical, 31 ;
versus modernism, 15 n.7
impressionism, 157
Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome (Anger), 214
The Indefinite Period (Los Angeles), 134
independence of artists, 158 -59, 161 , 165 -66
Indians, depiction of, 86 , 87 , 88
individuality, 26 ;
GIs' loss of, 56 ;
and imagination, 43 ;
and isolation, 34 , 158 -59, 160
Industries of California (Stackpole), 105
Industry (Durston), 174 , 174
Institute of Design (Oakland), 112 -13
Institute of Light (New York City), 237
International Art Gallery (Los Angeles), 284
International Artists' Club of Los Angeles, 279
internationalism, 61 -62, 134
International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, 77
In the Southland, Mt. Baldy, California (Struss), 246
Intolerance (Griffith), 214
Introspection (Arledge), 235 , 235 -36
Irwin, Robert, xv
isolation, 10 ;
of California, 13 ;
desirability of, 166 ;
and individuality, 34 , 158 -59, 160
isolationism, 134
Italian art, influence of, 98 -99, 105
Iwo Jima (Burkhardt), 46
J
Jackson, Donald L., 79
Jackson, Everett Gee, 173
Jacobs, Lewis: "Experimental Cinema in America," 236
Janis, Sidney, 42 , 203 n.2, 285
January, 1955 (Lobdell), 60 , 61
Japanese Camera Club of San Francisco, 281
Japanese Camera Pictorialists of California (Los Angeles), 279
Jarrell, Randall, 45
Jasmine, Arthur (pseud . of Samson DeBrier), 213 , 214
Jawlensky, Alexei, 6 , 100 -102
Jefferson, Jack, 58
Jensen, Alfred, 107
Jepson Art Institute (Los Angeles), 285
Joan Miró exhibition (East West Gallery of Fine Arts), 282
Johnson, Jacqueline, 197 , 207 n.47
Johnson, Reginald D., 139
Johnson, Sargent, 276 ;
San Francisco Aquatic Park mural, 283
Jolly Daubers (later Santa Cruz Art League), 277
Jonathan the Coffin Maker (Florey), 216
Jourdan, Albert, 256
Journal of Albion Moonlight (Patchen), 235
Journal of Liberty , 280
Judson, Frank, 240 n.19
Judson, William L., 274
Jung, Carl, 223
K
Kadish, Reuben, 208 n.65;
American Negro , 281 ;
Los Angeles Tubercular Sanitorium fresco, 191
Kahlo, Frida, 281
Kahn, Louis I., 139
Kammen, Michael, 4 , 15 n.3
Kanaga, Consuelo, 254 , 269 n.39;
Frances , 260 , 262 ;
Untitled (Hands) , 261
Kandinsky, Wassily, 6 , 100 -102, 103 , 107
Kasten, Karl, 108
Katz, Leo, 123 , 131 ;
Los Angeles Trade Technical School mural, 134
Kaufmann, Gordon B., 139
Kent, Adaline, 43 , 113
Kepes, Gyorgy, 112
Kessler, Chester: Plague Summer , 235
Kienholz, Edward, xv
kinetic abstraction, 13
King, Al, 227
Kistler, Lynton, 132 , 133
Klee, Paul, 6 , 25 , 100 -102
Klein, Charles: The Tell-Tale Heart , 215 , 238
Klemperer, Otto, 224
Klynn, Herb, 238
Kokoschka, Oskar, 110 , 112
K-I (Krasnow), plate 4
Kosa, Jr., Emil, 173
Krasnow, Peter, 44 , 163 , 168 -69, 230 , 278 ;
K-1 , plate 4
Krishnamurti, Jiddu, 236 , 280
Kroll, Leon, 112
Krombach, Beatrice, 276
Kuchar brothers, 214
Kuhlman, Walter, 58
Kuniyoshi, Yasuo, 176
Kupka, František: Piano Keys —Lake , 236
L
Labaudt, Lucien, 16 n.10, 100 , 206 n.34, 275 ;
"New Classicist" exhibition at Centaur Gallery, 282 ;
postsurrealism of, 185
Labaudt Gallery (San Francisco), 100
Labor Buries Its Dead (Hayden), 71
Laguna Beach (Hinkle), 166
Laguna Beach Art Association, 15 n.7, 277
La Jolla Art Association, 277
La Jolla Art Center (later La Jolla Museum of Art), 284
La Jolla Women's Club building (McCoy), 149
Landauer, Susan, 14 , 208 n.65
landscape films, 235
landscape paintings, 157 -58, 201
Lane, Franklin, 69
Lange, Dorothea, 269 n.39, 277 , 284 ;
Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California , 244 ;
on political nature of photographs, 263 -64
Langsner, Jules, 191
Larkin Building (Buffalo, N.Y.; F. L. Wright), 144
Larsen, Susan, 44
The Last Moment (Fejos), 215
Laughton, Charles: Galileo , 285
Laughton House (Los Angeles; Gill), 149
Lavenson, Alma, 254 , 262
Lawrence, D. H., 25
Leaf Bud (Baranceanu), 170
Lebrun, Rico, 42 , 43 , 62 , 283 , 285 ;
antiwar paintings of, 182 ;
Crucifix , 45 ;
Genesis , 106
Lee and Teats House (San Diego; Gill), 152
Lefebvre, Henri, 22
Léger, Fernand, 108 , 113 -14;
The Divers , 114 , 115 ;
exhibitions, 284
Lehman, Harold: "New Classicist" exhibition at Centaur Gallery, 282
Lehre, Florence, 4
Lemaître, Georges, 194
Levy, Julian, 181 , 193 , 284
Lewis Court (Sierra Madre; Gill), 149
Lhôre, André, 100
Library (Zakheim), 73
The Life and Death of 9413 —A Hollywood Extra (Florey and Vorkapich), 215 - 16, 216-17
Life Begins (Feitelson), 188 , 189
lift-slab concrete construction, 146 , 148 , 149
linear expressionism, 13 , 168 -69, 172
linguistic creativity, 22
Lipchitz, Jacques, 108
Lloyd, Harold, 227
Lloyd, Lucille, 134
Lobdell, Frank, 45 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 208 n.65;
January, 1955 , 60 , 61 ;
reactionary regionalism of, 62
Logan, Josephine Hancock, 72 , 90 -91n.11
loners, 165 -66, 178 . See also independence of artists; isolation
Long Beach Art Association, 278
Long Beach Businessmen's Sketch Club, 280
longshoremen's strike. See Pacific Maritime Strike
Loos, Adolf, 143
Loran, Erie, 108
Los Angeles: figurative expressionism in, 62 ;
galleries of, 126 (see also specific galleries );
hard-edge abstraction in, 42 , 62 ;
as surrealist, 200 -201. See also Southern California
Los Angeles Art Association (formerly Museum Patrons Association), 282
Los Angeles Art Institute, 274
Los Angeles Art League, 279
Los Angeles Arts and Crafts Society, 274
Los Angeles Camera Pictorialists, 276
Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 127 , 276
Los Angeles Modern Art Society, 26
Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art (later Los Angeles County Museum of Art), 276
Los Angeles Negro Art Foundation, 283
Los Angeles Print Group, 278 , 280
Los Angeles Sketch Club, 275
Los Angeles Times , 274
loss, theme of, 10
Los Surenos Center (San Diego), 282
Los Tres Grandes, 106 , 122
Lovell Beach House (Newport Beach; Schindler), 278
Loves of Zero (Florey), 216
Luhan, Mabel Dodge, 281
Lullaby (Deutsch), 218 , 218 -19
Lundeberg, Helen, 35 , 134 , 276 ;
Bombardment , 176 ;
Cosmicide , 185 , 186 , 188 ;
Double Portrait of the Artist in Time , 185 , 187 ;
Microcosm and Macrocosm , 35 , 174 , 176 ;
"New Classicist" exhibition at Centaur Gallery, 282 ;
Plant and Animal Analogies , plate 8 , 174 ;
postsurrealism of, 182 , 183 -85;
Self-Portrait , 176
Luz (Chariot), 133
Lyons, Gordon A., 82
M
MacAgy, Douglas, 52 , 64 n.39, 97 ;
as director of California School of Fine Arts, 57 , 104 -5, 285 ;
on Grillo, 56 ;
on Howard, 194 -95;
on Rivera, 104 -5;
support of surrealism, 203 n.2
MacAgy, Jermayne, 208 n.64
McBride, Henry, 4
McChesney, Robert, 55 ;
The Communist Manifesto in Pictures , 285
McCoy, Esther, 143 ;
Banning House (Los Angeles), 149 ;
La Jolla Women's Club building, 149
McCray, James, 44
Macdonald-Wright, Stanton, 16 n.10, 163 , 274 , 284 ;
California Landscape , plate 3 ;
Color Wheel, 23 ;
focus on process of vision, 23 -24;
Motion Picture Industry , 282 ;
need for isolation, 159 ;
synchromism, 8 , 167 ;
Synchromism exhibition (Los Angeles County Museum), 280
MacDowell Club of Allied Arts (Los Angeles), 277
McFarlane, James, 41
McGehee, Ramiel, 263
McGregor, Harry, 83 , 84
machine aesthetic, 57
machine age and freedom, 33
machinery, 23
McIlwain House (Los Angeles; Patterson), 148
McKeever, Chauncey, 83 , 84
McLaughlin, John, 5 , 42 , 44 , 62 , 285 ;
hard-edge abstraction of, 202 ;
search for absolute void, 208 n.63;
Untitled , 5
McWilliams, Carey, 1 , 14 n.1
magic: aesthetics of, 32 ;
in popular culture, 31 , 32
Magritte, René, 184 ;
Black Flag , 52
Maillard, William, 83 , 92 n.47
The Making of a Fresco Showing the Budding of a City (Rivera), 104 , 104 -5
Malraux, André, 283
Man at the Crossroads (Rivera), 73
Mann, Thomas, 110 , 284
Mannerism, 167
Marin Society of Artists, 280
Markopoulos, Gregory: Psyche , 223
Marsh, Norman: arcades at Venice, Calif., 3
Martin, Fletcher, 123
Martínez, Luis, 127
Marx, Karl, 66 n.70
material environment and human body, 163
Mathews, Arthur F., 86 , 275 ;
Adventure , 87 ;
Philopolis magazine, 92 n.51
Matisse, Henri, 10 , 100 , 108 , 110 , 281
Matta, Roberto, 196 , 204 n.6, 206 n.40
Maugard, Adolfo Best, 126
Maurois, André, 110
Mayan Theatre (Los Angeles), 127
Maybeck, Bernard, 98 ;
Anthony House (Los Angeles), 152 -53;
First Church of Christ Scientist (Berkeley), 275
Mediterranean/Hispanic revival in architecture, 141 , 144
Mendelsohn, Eric, 139
Mérida, Carlos, 103 , 125
Merriam, Frank, 70
Merrild, Knud, 134 , 279 ;
Aesthetic Function in Space , 188 ;
Alpha and Omega , 188 , 189 ;
American Beauty, or the Movie Star , 2 ;
Flux Bouquet , 174 ;
flux paintings of, 191 ;
"New Classicist" exhibition at Centaur Gallery, 282 ;
Perpetual Possibility , 190 , 191 ;
postsurrealism of, 185 , 187 ;
Sidereal Parturition , 174 , 175
Meshes of the Afternoon (Deren), 222 , 222 -23
Metart Gallery (San Francisco), 286
Metropolitan Lift (Arnautoff), 105 , 106
Mexican art: alternate view of modern art, 129 ;
and anti-Mexican bias, 126 ;
exhibition at Plaza Art Center, 127 ;
First Pan American Exhibition of Oil Paintings (Los Angeles County Museum), 127 , 130 ;
fresco painting, 129 ;
graphic movement, 130 ;
The Indefinite Period (Los Angeles), 134 ;
influence of, 103 -7, 121 -35;
marginalization of, 122 ;
murals, 124 , 129 , 134 ;
Mexican art (continued )
nationalism in, 130 ;
Pach's advocacy of, 123 -26, 127 ;
patrons of, 122 ;
pre-Cortesian elements of, 121 , 135 ;
support from Hollywood intellectuals, 130
Meyer, Frederick H., 275
Microcosm and Macrocosm (Lundeberg), 35 , 174 , 176
Midway Gardens (Chicago; F. L. Wright), 144
Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California (Lange), 244
Milhaud, Darius, 283
Miller, Barse, 172
Miller, Henry, 92 n.48, 284
Millier, Arthur, 4 , 15 -16n.7, 280 ;
defense of postsurrealists, 24 ;
on the eastern perspective on California, 15 n.2;
on landscapes, 158 -58;
on Macdonald-Wright, 159 ;
on Mexican art, 129
Mill in the Eucalyptus Grove (Beckmann), 115 -16
Mills College (Oakland), 13 , 110 , 112 , 279 ;
exhibition of Group f.64, 255 , 268 n.22
Mills College Amphitheater (Cunningham), 261
Mills #2, 1940 (L. Moholy-Nagy), 113
minimalism, 202
Miró, Joan, 102 , 282
mission-revival architecture, 140 , 142 , 144 , 151 , 152
MobilColor Projectors, 230 -31, 231 , 232 -33
mobiles, 52
Modern American Art (Panama California International Exposition), 276
Modern Art Society (Los Angeles), 277
Modern Art Workers (Southern California), 279
modern era, 22
Modern Gallery (San Francisco; later Art Center), 279
Modern Institute of Art (Beverly Hills), 182 , 285
modernism: alternative, 4 , 34 ;
antiscientific, 25 ;
as broad-based middle-class culture, 22 ;
centrality of architecture and design in, 8 ;
criticism of, 15 -16n.7;
definition of, 4 -5, 15 n-5, 21 -22, 34 ;
Latin American origin of term, 135 n.1
"Modernismo," 135 n.1
modernization and social stratification, 31 -32
Modern Music (Schwankovsky), 236 , 237
Modotti, Tina, 126
Moholy-Nagy, László, 112 , 283 ;
Mills #2, 1940 , 113
Moholy-Nagy, Sybil, 113 , 198
MoMA (Museum of Modern Art;
New York City), 108 , 231
Monasterio, Luis Ortiz, 122
Mondrian, Pier, 25 , 108
Monolithic Hollow Concrete Form Corp., 148
montage, 30
Montenegro, Roberto, 122
Monterey Cypress (Weston), 248
Moods of the Sea (Hoffman and Vorkapich), 218
Mooney, Tom, 81
Moore, Charles, 139
Mora, Joseph Jacinto, 276
Morado, José Chávez, 122
Morgan, Julia, 274
Morgenthau, Henry, 74
Moritz, William, 13
Morley, Grace McCann, 108 , 282 , 285 ;
defense of Refregier's Rincon Annex murals, 84 , 92 n.43;
founding of San Francisco Museum of Art, 100 ;
promotion of surrealism, 182 , 203 n.2;
promotion of traveling exhibitions, 42
Morning, Nogales, Arizona (Reiffel), 163 -64
Morphosis group, 153
Motrin, Peter, 16 n.8
Morrow, Dwight, 129
Mortensen, William, 245
Mortensen School of Photography (Laguna Beach), 281
Moss, Eric Owen, 139 , 153
Mother's Day (Broughton), 234
Motherwell, Robert, 62 , 197 , 283
Motion Painting No. 1 (Fischinger), 225 , 226 , 227
Motion Picture Industry (Macdonald-Wright), 282
motion pictures. See film; film-as-an-art
Mouse Seeds (Spohn), 53
movies. See film; film-as-an-art
Mullican, Lee, 183 , 196 , 197 ;
the Dynaton, 198 -200;
interest in counterculture, 203 ;
Peyote Candle , 198 , 199 ;
retrospective at San Francisco Museum of Art, 198
Munch, Edvard, 98
Municipal Arts Commission of Los Angeles, 275
Muñoz, Francisco Orozco, 125
murals: by Ballin, 134 ;
by Lebrun, 106 ;
by Orozco, 73 , 106 , 281 ;
by Ramos Martínez, 130 -31, 131 -32;
by Rivera, 103 , 104 , 104 -5, 124 , 126 , 281 , 284 ;
by Siqueiros, 106 -7, 122 , 130 , 132 , 282 .
See also Coit Memorial Tower murals; Rincon Annex murals
Murphy, Dudley, 122 , 130 ;
Anywhere out of the World , 212 ;
Aphrodite , 212 ;
Ballet Mécanique , 211 -12;
Emperor Jones , 212 ;
St. Louis Blues , 212 ;
The Soul of the Cypress , 212
Museum of Modern Art (MoMA; New York City), 108 , 231
Museum of Non-Objective Painting. See Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
Museum of Unknown and Little-Known Objects (Spohn), 53 , 205 n.19
Museum Patrons Association
(later Los Angeles Art Association), 282
mysticism, 236
N
Nabis, 98
Nash, Paul, 194
nationalism, 122 , 130
National Society for Sanity in Art, 72
Native Sons of the Golden West, Grand Parlor of the (NSGW), 77 -78
Nauman, Bruce, 11
Naumann, Francis M., [97 n.2]
Nazimova, Alla: Salomé , 212 , 213 , 214 , 239 n.3
Neal, Will E., 83 , 92 n.49
Neff, Wallace, 139
Neidringhaus, Charles, 112
Nemeth, Ted, 232
Neuhaus, Eugen, 102
Neumeyer, Alfred, 13 , 111 , 114 ;
rescue of German art and artists, 109 -12
Neutra, Richard J., 8 , 9 , 129 , 139 , 280 ;
hidden structure in designs of, 152 , 153
Nevelson, Louise, 107
New Bauhaus (Oakland), 112 -13
new classicism. See postsurrealism
Newcombe, Warren, 172 -73;
Enchanted City , 239 n.3;
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse , 239 n.3;
involvement in film, 214
New Deal, 72 , 74 , 79 , 86 , 91 n.31, 243 -45. See also United States government, arts funding by; and specific programs
Newhall, Nancy, 252
New York City, 67 n.80;
California artists drawn to, 111 ;
modernism focused in, 4 -5, 61 , 157 , 158 -59, 161
New York School, 55 , 65 n.50, 108 , 197 ;
and film, 230 ;
gestural painting, 236 . See also abstract expressionism
Nierendorf, Karl, no, 226
Nieto, Margarita, 10 , 13
Night Sun —Abandoned Playground (Man Ray), 192
Night Tide (Harrington), 223
Nixon, Richard, 78 , 79
Noriega, Alfonso, 125
Noskowiak, Sonya, 254 , 259 , 260 , 269 n.37;
Cypress, Point Lobos, Carmel, California , 266
Notes on the Port of St. Francis (Stauffacher), 235
novelty, 22
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (Duchamp), 97 , 98 , 205 n-19, 276
Nuestro Pueblo (Watts Towers; Rodia), 28 -32, 29 , 278
O
Oakland Art Association, 277
Oakland Art Gallery, 100 , 102 , 249 , 280 , 281
Oakland Museum, 100
Oakland Quarry (Siegrist), 6
Obata, Chiura, 274
Occidental College (Los Angeles), 276
Ocular Harpsichord, 224
O'Keeffe, Georgia, 168 , 170
Old Embryo (Spohn), 53
Oldfield, Otis, 7 , 99 , 100 , 279
Oliveira, Nathan, 116 , 118 ;
Seated Man with Object , 117
Olmstead, Frederick Law, 70
Olvera Street Gallery (Los Angeles), 129 , 130
Onderdonk, Francis S., 143 -44
One Way Road (Burkhardt), 46
One World (Burkhardt), 49 -50
Onslow-Ford, Gordon, 181 , 183 , 195 -200, 197 , 204 n.6, 206 n.40;
coulages of, 206 n.41;
the Dynaton, 198 -200;
exhibitions at the San Francisco Museum of Art, 197 -98, 285 ;
interest in counterculture, 203 ;
lectures on surrealism, 196 ;
A Stone That Dreamed , 198 , 199 ;
Towards a New Subject in Painting , 198
On the Edge (Harrington), 223
Open Air Painting Schools, 129 , 130
Optical Hopes and Illusions (Man Ray), 192
Optical Longings and Illusions (Man Ray), 192
An Optical Poem (Fischinger), 224
organic surrealism, 188
Orozco, José Clemente, 105 , 122 , 125 , 130 ;
Prometheus , 73 , 106 , 281
Otis, Harrison Gray, 277
Otis Art Institute (Los Angeles), 127 , 227 , 277
The Overland Trail (Refregier), 81
Owen, Wilfred, 45
Owngz (Berlin), 167
Oxnard Art Club, 279
P
Paalen, Wolfgang, 24 -25, 183 , 196 -97, 206 n.38;
the Dynaton, 196 , 198 -299, 207 n.50;
"Farewell to Surrealism," 197 ;
publication of Dyn , 197 -98
Pabst, G. W., 221
Pach, Walter, 122 , 123 -26, 127 ;
"The Greatest American Masters," 124
Pacific Art League (formerly Palo Alto Art Club), 278
Pacific Arts and Crafts News , 275
Pacific Concrete Machinery Co., 144
Pacific Maritime Strike, 70 , 71 , 75 , 77
Pacific Rim, influence of, 196 , 200 , 207 n.54
Pacific Southwest Exhibition (Long Beach), 280
Packard, Emmy Lou, 89
Padilla, Ezequiel, 125
Painters' and Sculptors' Club of Los Angeles, 278
Painters' Club of Los Angeles (later California Art Club), 274 , 275
Painters of the West (Los Angeles), 279
painting: figurative, 118 ;
frescoes, 129 ;
gestural, 14 , 236
Palace of Fine Arts (San Francisco), 98
Palo Alto Art Club (later Pacific Art League), 279
Panama California International Exposition (San Diego), 276
Panama-Pacific International Exposition (San Francisco), 16 n.10, 98 , 161 , 276
Pan-Pacific Auditorium Building (Los Angeles; Wurdeman and Becket), 282
Paradise, Phil, 123 , 166 , 172
Paris International Surrealist Exhibition , 196
Park, David, 57 , 284 , 286
The Parting (Burkhardt), 47 -48
Partridge, Roi, 257 , 260 , 277
Pasadena Art Institute, 279
Pasadena Society of Artists, 279
Pasadena Society of Women Painters and Sculptors, 280
Patchen, Kenneth: Journal of Albion Moonlight , 235
Patterson, H. M.: W. R. McIlwain House (Los Angeles), 148
Paul, Stella, xv
Pelton, Agnes, 160 -61, 281
Pelton Concrete Tile wall, 148
perceptual art vs. cognitive art, 37 n.16
Performing Painter (John Whitney, Crippen, and Pintoff), 238
Perl's Gallery (Los Angeles), 283
Perpetual Possibility (Merrild), 190 , 191
personal world vs. universal laws, 26 -27
Peterson, Sidney: Clinic of Stumble , 234 ;
Henri Rousseau , 238 ;
Horror Dream , 234 ;
The Potted Psalm , 203 , 233 ;
Raoul Dufy , 238 ;
Sharaku , 238
Peyote Candle (Mullican), 198 , 199
Pflueger, Timothy, 104
Phillips, Duncan, 43
Philopolis journal, 92 n.51, 275
Philosophical Research Society, 236
photograph); 243 -49;
camera clubs, 245 , 267 n.2;
documentary, 245 ;
for government reports, 244 -45;
as means of personal expression, 253 ;
pictorialist, 245 -47, 249 , 252 ;
for political purposes, 262 , 263 -64;
and psychology of neglect, 10 ;
Rayographs, 192 , 201 ;
in regional art, 201 ;
straight seeing, 246 -47, 249 (see also Group f.64);
use of light, 262 ;
veracity of, 245
Piano Keys —Lake (Kupka), 236
Piazzoni, Gottardo, 99
Picabia, Francis, 211
Picasso, Pablo: Guernica , 46
Picasso: Forty Years of His Art (Museum of Modern Art), 108
pictorialist photography, 245 -47, 249 , 252
Pictures of Old Chinatown (Genthe), 277
Pintoff, Ernie: Blues Pattern , 238 ;
Performing Painter , 238
Plague Summer (Kessler), 235
Plant and Animal Analogies (Lundeberg), plate 8 , 174
Plante, Michael, 17 n.15
Plaza Art Center (Los Angeles), 127
piein-air painting, 15 n.7
poetry, 23 , 45
Poggioli, Renato, 22
pointillism, 161
politics of art: art as aloof from politics, 107 ;
art for social/political reform, 132 ;
internationalism versus isolationism, 134 ;
leftist orientation of, 191 , 205 n.17;
modernism viewed as communistic, 78 -79;
modernism viewed as un-American, 72 -73, 90 -91n.11;
photography for government reports, 244 -45, 262 , 263 -64;
reaction to World War II, 45 , 46 , 50 ;
surrealism as political revolution, 203 -4n.3
Pollock, Jackson, 13 , 102 -3, 122 , 176 , 277 ;
exhibition at San Francisco Museum of Art, 285 ;
influence of surrealism on, 208 n.64;
training in art, 236 -38
pop art, 201
popular culture, magic in, 31 , 32
populist imagery, 173
Portrait (Berlin), 167 , 168
portraiture, 173
Posada, José Guadalupe: Ministry of Education murals, 130
Postel, Waldo, 77 -78, 82
postimpressionism, 16 n.8, 161 , 167
postmodernism, 1 , 11 , 153 , 167 , 178
postsurrealism, 13 , 282 ;
cognitive association, 24 ;
metaphysical themes of, 184 -85, 204 n.6;
museum exhibitions, 203 n.2;
versus surrealism, 182 , 183 , 184 , 201 , 208 n.58
postwar art. See World War II: art after
Potboiler Art Center (Los Angeles), 278
The Potted Psalm (Broughton and Peterson), 203 , 233
Pound, Ezra, 23 , 37 n.16
Preaching and Farming at Mission Dolores (Refregier), 88
precisionism, 41 , 168 , 169
pre-Columbian-style architecture 141
prefigurative image, 25
Prelude to Spring (Hoffman), 218
Preparedness Day Bombing and Mooney Trial (Refregier), 81
Prestini, James, 112 , 113
Preston Holder (Willard Van Dyke), 250
primitivism, 167
Printmakers of Los Angeles, 276
Printmakers Society of California (Los Angeles), 278
The Progenitors (Howard), plate 10 , 193
progressivism, 15 n.7
Prometheus (Orozco), 73 , 106 , 281
provincialism, 158
Psyche (Markopoulos), 233
psychodramas, 234 -35
psychology, of neglect, 10
Public Buildings Administration, 75 . See also Rincon Annex murals
Public Works, House Committee on: hearings on Refregier's Rincon Annex murals, 69 , 78 -79, 81 -86, 88 -89, 92 nn.39, 49
Public Works of Art Project (PWAP), 72 , 73 , 105 , 282
public works programs (New Deal), 72 . See also specific programs
pueblos, 141
Puthuff, Hanson Duvall, 275
Putzel, Howard, 102 -3, 122 , 181 , 196
PWAP (Public Works of Art Project), 72 , 73 , 105 , 282
R
Radio Dynamics (Fischinger), 226 , 228
Rainy Evening (Reiffel), 164 , 165
Ramos Martínez, Alfredo, 122 , 129 -31, 134 , 281 ;
Chapman Park Hotel mural, 131 ;
exhibition at Louis Stern Gallery (Beverly Hills), 135 n.8;
Margaret Fowler Memorial Garden mural (Scripps College, Claremont), 131 , 131-32 ;
Open Air Painting Schools, 129 , 130 ;
retrospective at Museo Nacional de Arte (Mexico), 135 n.8;
Santa Barbara Cemetery murals, 130 -31;
Vendedora de Frutas (Fruit Seller) , plate 6
Ransome, Ernest L., 144
Raoul Dufy (Peterson), 238
rationality mistrust of, 33
Ray, Man (pseud . of Emmanuel Rudnitsky), 283 ;
circle of friends of, 192 -93;
dadaism of, 191 -93;
exhibitions, 192 , 205 n.25, 284 , 285 ;
involvement in experimental film, 211 ;
La Fortune, III , 192 , 205 n.23;
lectures on surrealism, 194 ;
NightSun —Abandoned Playground , 192 ;
Optical Hopes and Illusions , 192 ;
Optical Longings and Illusions , 192 ;
and pop art, 201 ;
Rayographs, 192 , 201 ;
relationship with the Arensbergs, 205 n.19;
Shakespearian Equations , 193 ;
on surrealism in Hollywood, 181
realism, 172 , 173 ;
academic, 164 -65;
allegories of strife and despair, 45
Rebay yon Ehrenwiesen, Baroness Hilla, 226 , 230 -32, 240 n.17
Recreation and Park Department, 105 -6
Reed, Alma, 122
Refregier, Anton, 76 ;
conservative style of, 90 n.3;
depiction of Indians, 86 , 87 , 88 ;
suspected radical politics of, 69 , 79 . See also Rincon Annex murals
regionalism, 1 -2, 149 , 151 ;
and independence, 13 ;
versus internationalism, 61 -62;
marginalization of regional art, 5 ;
photography, 201 . See also American Scene painting
Reichek, Jesse, 113
Reiffel, Charles, 13 , 166 , 174 ;
memorial exhibition at San Diego Fine Arts Gallery, 164 ;
Rainy Evening , 165
Reinhardt, Ad, 55 , 286
religion and freedom, 33
religious allegory and war, 45 , 46
representationalism, 25 , 118 , 161 -63;
fictional nature of, 30 ;
figurative expressionism in, 62 , 165 ;
versus modernism, 15 n.7, 30
Republican Party, 78 -79
residual cultures, 36 n.6
Ret, Etienne, 282
Rexroth, Kenneth, 280
Rich, Daniel Catton, 66 -67n.76
Richey, Roubaix de L'Abrie, 126
Richter, Hans: Ghosts before Noon , 219 , 221
Rincon Annex murals (Refregier), 10 , 74 , 74 -93, 76 , 92 n.43;
Building the Railroad , 80 ;
The Civil War , 81 ;
Discovery of Gold , 81 ;
The Four Freedoms , 75 , 82 ;
hearings on subversiveness of, 69 , 78 -79, 81 -86, 88 -89, 92 nn.39, 49;
objections from Catholic Church, 75 ;
objections from Public Buildings Administration, 75 , 77 ;
objections from Veterans of Foreign Wars, 75 ;
The Overland Trail , 81 ;
Preaching and Farming at Mission Dolores , 88 ;
Preparedness Day Bombing and Mooney Trial , 81 ;
Renaissance roots of, 90 n.3;
Sand Lot Riots , 80 , 81 ;
support from artists and unions, 77 , 78 , 83 , 89 ;
support from museums, 84 ;
Vigilante Days , 85 ;
The Waterfront —1934 , 77 , 81
Ritual in Transfigured Time (Deren), 223
Rivera, Diego, 103 -6, 108 , 122 , 123 -24;
California School of Fine Arts mural, 281 ;
Chapingo murals, 126 ;
Detroit Institute of Art murals, 124 ;
Día de Flores , 127 , 128 ;
exhibitions, 125 , 281 ;
Golden Gate International Exposition mural, 284 ;
The Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City , 104 , 104 -5;
Man at the Crossroads , 73 ;
Ministry of Public Education murals, 124 ;
Rockefeller Center mural, 105 , 124 ;
Stock Exchange Lunch Club mural (San Francisco), 281 ;
Stock Exchange Tower mural, 103
Riviera/Capri Theatre (Los Angeles), 233
Robbins, LeRoy: Even as You and I , 219 , 220-21 ;
Suicide , 221 -22
Roberts House (Los Angeles; Corbett), 146 , 147
Robledo, Ricardo Gémez, 126
Rock and Shell Arrangement (E. Weston), 263
Rockefeller, Abby, 122
Rockefeller, Nelson, 73 , 122
Rockefeller Foundation, 127 , 129
Rock of Ages (Deutsch), 167
Rodia, Sabato, 10 ;
Nuestro Pueblo (Watts Towers), 28 -32, 29 , 278
Raymond Rohauer's Film Society, 233
The Rolling Fort (Spohn), 50 , 51 , 52
Rollins, Lloyd La Page, 257
Romains, Jules, 110
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 105 ;
New Deal, 72 , 243 -45
Rose, Stanley, 122 , 282
Rosenberg, Harold, 4
Rothko, Mark, 202 ;
exhibition at Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 285 ;
influence of surrealism on, 208 n.64;
Slow Swirl by the Edge of the Sea , 208 n.64
Ruscha, Edward, xv , 11 , 176
Russell, C. H.: arcades at Venice, Calif., 3
Russell, Morgan, 8 , 163 , 281 ;
Synchromism exhibition (Los Angeles County Museum), 280
Ryder, Worth, 107
S
Sailors' Union of the Pacific, 79
St. Lords Blues (Murphy), 212
Salinger, Jehanne Bietry, 4
Salomé (film; Bara), 214
Salomé (film; Nazimova), 212 , 213 , 214 , 239 n.3
Salomé (play; Wilde), 212 , 213 , 214 , 239 n.3
Sample, Paul, 172
San Diego Academy of Art, 275
San Diego Academy of Fine Arts, 278
San Diego Art Association, 274
San Diego Art Guild, 276
San Diego Art Students' League, 275
San Diego Fine Arts Society, 279
San Diego Friends of Art, 277
San Diego Moderns, 281
San Diego Museum of Art (formerly Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego), 279
San Diego Society of Arts and Crafts, 276 , 280
Sand Lot Riots (Refregier), 80 , 81
San Francisco: abstract expressionism in, 42 , 67 n.80;
anxiety over World War II, 54 ;
longshoremen's strike (see Pacific Maritime Strike); sense of community, in, 195 -96;
versus Southern California, 160 . See also California School of Fine Arts
San Francisco (film; Van Dyke II), 218
San Francisco (painting; Beckmann), 115 -16
San Francisco Art Association, 277
San Francisco Artists' and Writers' Union, 73 , 105
San Francisco Chronicle , 105 , 255
San Francisco Examiner , 73 , 85
San Francisco Institute of Art (formerly Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, later California School of Fine Arts), 275
San Francisco Museum of Art, 42 , 108 , 182 , 278 , 282 ;
Art in Cinema festivals, 233 , 236 ;
Dynaton exhibition, 198 -200;
exhibitions of abstract expressionism, 114 -15;
founding of, 100
San Francisco Photo Salon, 274
San Francisco Society of Artists, 277
San Francisco Society of Women Artists, 160 , 279
Santa Barbara Art Club, 279
Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 284
Santa Barbara School of Fine Arts, 278
Santa Cruz Art League (formerly Jolly Daubers), 277
Santa Fe-style architecture, 141
Santa Monica Bay Art Association, 280
Sassoon, Siegfried, 45
Sausalito (Stauffacher), 235
Sawdust and Spangles (San Francisco Museum of Art), 64 n.39
Rudolph Schaeffer School of Design (San Francisco), 279
Scherer, Gordon, 84
Scheyer, Galka, 6 , 16 n.9, 100 -102, 101 , 103 , 226 ;
promotion of European avant-garde art, 249 , 267 n.7
Schiele, Egon, 171
Schindler, Rudolph M., 8 , 139 , 152 , 153 , 249 ;
Lovell Beach House (Newport Beach), 278
Schmidt-Rottluff, Karl, 111 -12
Schoelkopf, Alice, 113
Schoenberg, Arnold, 282
School of Design (Chicago), 112
School of Illustration and Painting (Los Angeles), 276
School of Mexican Painting, 129 , 130
Schwankovsky, Frederick, 13 , 236 -37;
Modern Music , 236 , 237
science: disillusionment with, 66 n.62;
and freedom, 33
scientism: aesthetics of, 32 ;
of modernism, 22 -27
Scripps College (Claremont), 280
Scripps House (La Jolla; Gill), 151
Scripps Recreation Center (La Jolla; Gill), 150
Scudder, Hubert, 69 , 79 -82, 83 , 84 , 86 , 89 -90n.2, 92 n.38
Sculptors' Guild of Southern California, 278
The Sea of Dreams (Newcombe), 214
Seated Man with Object (Oliveira), 117
Secessional Art Exhibition (San Francisco), 274
Second World War. See World War II
Section (Treasury Section of Painting and Sculpture), 74 -75, 85 , 91 n.18, 282
Seeley, Evelyn, 73 -74
self-consciousness, transcendental unit), of, 32
self-invention, 11 -12
Self-Portrait (Lundeberg), 176
Selz, Peter, 13
Selznick, David O., 214
Serisawa, Sueo, 173
Shahn, Ben, 122
Shakespearian, Equations (Man Ray), 193
Sharaku (Peterson), 238
Sheeler, Charles, 168 , 171
Sheets, Millard, 13 , 45 , 107 , 123 , 131 , 166 ;
Abandoned , 171 ;
Angel's Flight , 171
Shelley, John, 82 -83, 88
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 70
Sherwood, Robert E., 239 n.3
Shore, Henrietta, 169 -70, 276 ;
California Data , 170 ;
exhibition at Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art, 277 ;
Waterfall , 170
Sidereal Parturition (Merrild), 174 , 175
Siegrist, Louis, 6 ;
Oakland Quarry , 6
Sinclair, Upton, 70
Singal, Daniel Joseph, 21 , 36 n.3
Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 105 , 129 ;
influence on Los Angeles muralists, 134 ;
Olvera Street mural, 122 ;
on sociopolitical use of art, 132 , 134 ;
Tropical America , 106 -7, 130 , 132 , 282
Six Gallery, 203 , 209 n.67
683 Brockhurst gallery (Oakland), 251 , 256 , 264 -65;
"First Salon of Pure Photography" exhibition, 259
Slinkard, Rex, 13 , 26 , 161 -63, 275 ;
memorial exhibition at Los Angeles Museum of Art, 277 ;
Young Rivers (Riders) , 162
Sloan, John, 15 n.6
Sloun, Frank van, 275
Slow Swirl by the Edge of the Sea (Rothko), 208 n.64
Smith, Bertha H., 149
Smith, George Washington, 139
Smith, Harry, 233 , 234
Smith, Hassel, 55 , 56 , 57 , 65 n.51, 100 ;
The Communist Manifesto in Pictures , 285 ;
reactionary regionalism of, 62
Smith, Jack, 214
Smith, Mrs. George Washington, 130 -31
Smith, Tony, 238
Société Anonyme, 192
Society for Sanity in Art (San Francisco; formerly Society of Western Artists), 79 , 283
Society of Cinema Arts, 233
Society of Independent Artists (New York City), 124
Society of Mexican Artists, 124
Society of Six, 6 , 16 n.8, 100 , 278
Society of Western Artists (San Francisco; later Society for Sanity in Art), 79 , 283
The Soul of the Cypress (Murphy), 212
Sound Pendulum, 228 , 229
Southern California, 192 ;
artistic independence in, 158 -59;
isolation of, 166 ;
versus San Francisco, 160 . See also Los Angeles
Southern California Art Dealers' Association, 280
Southern California Art Project (Works Progress Administration), 43
Southern California Film Society, 240 n.19
South of Market Boys Association, 82
Southwest Museum (Los Angeles), 275
space and time fluidity, theme of, 196
Spanish Colonial revival in architecture, 139
Spanish Village Art Center (San Diego), 283
Speed, Joshua, 70
Speicher, Eugene, 112
Spohn, Clay, 11 , 64 nn.28, 31, 202 , 203 n.2;
as art instructor, 57 ;
Balloonic Uplifters , 50 ;
Bedroom Fluff , 53 ;
comedic talent of, 52 -53;
Fantastic War Machines and Guerragraphs , 45 , 50 -55, 63 n.25, 64 n.41;
Hover Machine , 50 , 51 ;
Mouse Seeds , 53 ;
Museum of Unknown and Little-Known Objects , 53 , 205 n.19;
Old Embryo , 53 ;
relationship with Duchamp, 205 n.19;
The Rolling Fort , 50 , 51 , 52 ;
Spy Detector , 50 ;
Tornado Machine , 50 ;
The Unsinkable Fort , 53 ;
Wake Up and Live , 54 -55;
Wind Machine , 52
Spy Detector (Spohn), 50
Stable Gallery (New York City), 16 n.14
Stackpole, Peter: Willard Van Dyke with View Camera , 265
Stackpole, Ralph, 99 -100;
Industries of California , 105
Stanley, George, 134
Starr, Kevin, 4
State Normal School of Manual Arts (Santa Barbara), 275
Stauffacher, Frank, 233 , 285 ;
Notes on the Port of St. Francis , 235 ;
Sausalito , 235
Stein, Michael and Sara, 108
Stendahl, Earl, 122 , 278
Stendahl Art Galleries (Los Angeles), 134 , 183 , 278
Stendahl (Earl) Prize, 127
Stern, Mrs. Sigmund, 122
Sternberg, Josef yon, 122
Sterne, Maurice, 100
Stich, Sidra, 52 , 205 n.28
Stickney Memorial Art School (Pasadena), 276
Stieglitz, Alfred, 165 , 251 , 256
Stijl, De, 193
Still, Clyfford, 42 , 114 , 286 ;
affirmative shift of, 66 n.67;
anticlassicism of, 57 -58;
antisurrealist sentiments of, 202 ;
as art instructor, 57 , 65 n.60;
exhibitions, 284 ;
political orientation of, 55 ;
Still, Clyfford (continued )
reactionary regionalism of, 62 ;
use of red and black by, 43
Stillman, George, 56
Stock Exchange Tower mural (Rivera), 103
Stone International Gallery (Monrovia), 279
A Stone That Dreamed (Onslow-Ford), 198 , 199
The Storm Tree (Brigman), 247
Strand, Paul, 251 , 267 n.10
Stravinsky, Igor, 283
Struss, Karl: In the Southland, Mt. Baldy, California , 246
Stryker, Roy, 244
stucco, 142 , 144 , 149
Sturtevant, Roger, 257 , 269 n.27
subjective classicism. See postsurrealism
subjectivity, 27 , 30 , 43
suffering, theme of, 48 -49, 58 , 61
Suicide (Hay and Robbins), 221 -22
Sunset Boulevard Art School (Los Angeles), 277
Sunset Boulevard at Everett Street (Baranceanu), 171
surrealism, 25 , 181 -209;
abstract, 196 ;
Arensberg collection, 183 , 204 n.5;
attitude toward women, 204 n.9;
dialectic of order and chaos, 193 , 195 , 205 n.28;
European influences on, 181 -83, 200 -201, 207 -8n.56;
exhibition in Mexico, 196 ;
in film, 200 -201, 207 -8n.56;
fortune or chance as theme in, 205 n.24, 206 n.41;
freedom as central to, 181 ;
French, 13 ;
and Freud, 196 , 223 ;
gallery exhibitions, 181 -82;
humanity as barbaric, view of, 52 ;
and individual imagination, 43 ;
lectures by Dalí, 194 ;
lectures by Lemaître, 194 ;
lectures by Man Ray, 194 ;
lectures by Onslow-Ford, 196 ;
leftist orientation of, 191 , 205 n.17;
the marvelous, 193 -94;
and mistrust of rationality, 33 ;
museum exhibitions, 182 , 203 n.2;
organic, 188 ;
Paris International Surrealist Exhibition , 196 ;
as political revolution, 203 -4n.3;
versus postsurrealism, 182 , 183 , 184 , 201 , 208 n.58;
reality versus fiction in, 192 . See also automatism
Swerling, Jo, 122 , 130
Swift, Henry, 254
synchromism, 8 , 167
Synchromism (Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art), 280
synchronization, 228
Syndicate of Painters, 127
T
Table with Fruit and Coffeepot (Hofmann), 109
Taix Restaurant (Los Angeles), 132
Tamayo, Rufino, 44 , 103 , 122
Tanguy, Yves, 52 , 283
Tanning, Dorothea, 191
Tapié, Michel, 11
Taubes, Frederic, 112
Taylor, Basil, [194 n.33]
Taylor, Paul, 263 , 264
technology, symbolism of, 143
television, 280
The Tell-Tale Heart (Klein), 215 , 238
Temple of Art (Los Angeles), 275
Tenth Commandment (Goldfadn), 239 n.8
terra-cotta tile blocks, 149
Teske, Edmund, 229 , 230 , 284
Theosophy, 236
Thiebaud, Wayne, xv
Thirty-one Women (Art of This Century Gallery, New York City), 284
Thomas, Dylan, 286
Three Arts Club (Los Angeles), 278
The Three Shoppers (Downtown Los Angeles) (Anders), 6
tile blocks, 149
time and space fluidity, theme of, 196
Tobey, Mark, 62
Toland, Gregg, 216
Toor, Frances, 122
Tornado Machine (Spohn), 50
Torrey, Frederick C., 97 , 276
Towards a New Subject in Painting (Onslow-Ford), 198
traditionalism, 139 , 144
transcendental unity, of self-consciousness, 32
Transmutation (Belson), 234
Treasury Relief Art Project (TRAP), 282
Treasury Section of Painting and Sculpture, 74 -75, 85 , 91 n.18, 282
Tropical America (Siqueiros), 106 -7, 130 , 132 , 282
Tugwell, Rexford, 244
U
Un Chien Andalou (Dalí and Buñuel), 223
Underwood, Gilbert Stanley, 82
UNESCO, 83 -84
United Exchange Association (UXA), 263
United Productions of America (UPA), 238
United States Army supply base (Brooklyn, N.Y.; Gilbert), 144 , 145
United States government, arts funding by: Commission of Fine Arts, 72 ;
Public Buildings Administration, 75 ;
Public Works of Art Project (PWAP), 72 , 73 , 105 , 282 ;
Treasury Relief Art Project (TRAP), 282 ;
Treasury Section of Painting and Sculpture, 74 -75, 85 , 91 n.18, 282 ;
Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project, 72 , 85 , 105 , 122 , 164 , 191 , 282 . See also Rincon Annex murals
Unity Temple (Oak Creek, Ill.; F. L. Wright), 144
universal laws versus personal world, 26 -27
University of California at Berkeley, 108 , 114 , 119 n.17, 274
The Unsinkable Fort (Spohn), 53
Untitled (Corbett), 58 , 59 , 66 n.70
Untitled (McLaughlin), 5
Untitled (Hands) (Kanaga), 261
UPA (United Productions of America), 238
V
Valdez, Luis, 123
Van Dyke, Willard, 252 , 254 , 256 , 264 , 265 ;
Ansel Adams at 683 Brockhurst , 251 ;
choice of photographic career, 259 , 269 n.33;
and founding of Group f.64, 249 -52;
ownership of 683 Brockhurst gallery (Oakland), 258 -59;
on photography as political tool, 263 ;
Preston Holder , 250 ;
on pure photography, 247 ;
on West Coast aesthetic, 268 n.17
Van Dyke II, William S.: San Francisco , 218
Van Guysling, George, 274
Varda, Jean, 202
Variations (James and John Whitney), 228 , 230
Vedanta Center, 230
VE Day (Burkhardt), plate 5 , 49
Vendedora de Frutas (Fruit Seller) (Ramos Martínez), plate 6
Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), 75 , 79
Vickery, Atkins & Torrey gallery (San Francisco), 276
Vidor, Charles: The Bridge , 215
Vigilante Days (Refregier), 85
Villareal, Manuel, 127
Villaseñor, Eduardo, 125
Vilna Troupe, 239 n.8
Visaroff, Michael, 239 n.8
"The Visual Arts and the Myth of Southern California, 1900-1950" (Huntington Library, San Marino), xv
visual music, 13 , 223 -38;
MobilColor Projectors, 230 -31, 232 -33;
Sound Pendulum system, 228 , 229 ;
synchronization, 228
Vogel, Joseph: All the News , 235 ;
House of Cards , 235
Vorkapich, Slavko: Forest Murmurs , 218 ;
The Life and Death of 9413 —A Hollywood Extra , 215 -16, 216-17 ;
Moods of the Sea , 218
Vortex Concerts (Belson), 234
Vudu Futhmique (Berlin), 167
Vysekal, Edouard, 163 , 173
Vytlacil, Vaclav, 107 , 163
W
Wagner, Gordon, 202
Wake Up and Live (Spohn), 54 -55
Walker, Albert: Frank C. Hill Bungalow (Los Angeles), 141
Walker, Hudson, 83
war: abstract expressionism shaped by, 55 -61;
Burkhardt's antiwar paintings, 46 -50;
as defining theme of modernism, 41 -50;
and religious allegory, 45 , 46 ;
Spohn's war machines, 50 -55;
veterans as artists, 55 -61. See also World War II
War, Agony in Death (Burkhardt), 46 , 47 , 48
Warburg, Aby, 109
Ward, Eleanor, 16 n.14
Warhol, Andy, 11 , 16 n. 14, 214
War Office (Washington, D.C.), 64 n.41
Warren, Austin, 44
Warshaw, Howard, 43 ;
Wrecked Automobiles , 44
Waterfall (Shore), 170
The Waterfront —1934 (Refregier), 77 , 81
Watts Towers (Los Angeles; Rodia), 28 -32, 29 , 278
Wegman, Charles, 112
Wessels, Glenn, 107 , 201
West Coast Arts, Inc. (Laguna Beach), 278
Western Art , 276
Western Association of Art Museums, 102
"Western Round Table on Modern Art" (San Francisco Museum of Art), 97 , 286
Weston, Brett, 254
Weston, Edward, 122 , 126 , 257 , 275 ;
antipictorialism of, 246 -47, 249 ;
on art for art's sake, 263 , 264 ;
The Art of Edward Weston , 256 -57, 263 ;
on the camera as means of self-development, 10 -11;
on commitment to art, 259 ;
critical reception of work of, 255 ;
exhibitions, 254 , 258 ;
on Group f.64, 252 -53;
Monterey Cypress , 248 ;
on Newcombe, 173 ;
Point Lobos pictures, 264 , 285 ;
Rock and Shell Arrangement , 263 ;
techniques of, 262 -63
West-Park (Beckmann), 115 -16
What Atomic War Will Do to You (Deutsch), 176 , 177
What's the Matter with Helen? (Harrington), 223
Whitney, James, 230 , 235 ;
Exercises , 228 -29, 230 ;
Sound Pendulum system, 228 , 229 ;
Variations , 228 , 230
Whitney, John, 235 ;
Blues Pattern , 238 ;
Exercises , 228 -29, 230 ;
Performing Painter , 238 ;
Sound Pendulum system, 228 ;
Variations , 228 , 230
Whitney, John Hay, 83
Whittlesey, Charles E, 146 ;
Barttlett House (Los Angeles), 146
Why Abstract? (Hiler), 282
Wiene, Robert: The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari , 214
Wight, Clifford, 105 , 106 ;
work on Colt Tower murals, 73
Wilde, Oscar: Salomé , 212 , 213 , 214 , 239 n.3
Wiley, William, 62
Wilfred, Thomas, 230 -31; 237 -38
Willard Van Dyke with View Camera (Stackpole), 265
Williams, Paul R., 139
Williams, Raymond, 22 , 36 n.6
Williams, William Carlos, 23
Willkie, Wendell, 49
Wilson, Charis, 262
Wilson, Edmund, 1 -2
Wilson, Henry, L.: "Design for a Concrete Apartment House," 145
Wind Machine (Spohn), 52
Wolff, Robert Jay, 112
Wolfflin[*] , Heinrich, 109
Wolfson, Sonia, 4
women: emergence of the New Woman after World War I, 259 ;
surrealists' attitude toward, 204 n.9
Women Painters of California, 275
Women Painters of the West (Los Angeles), 280
Wood, Beatrice, 97 , 280
Wood, Charles Erskine Scott, 281
Wood, Grant, 112
Woolf, Leonard, 56
Woolworth Building (New York City; Gilbert), 144
Works Progress Administration (WPA) Southern California Art Project, 43 , 72 , 85 , 105 , 122 , 164 , 191 , 282
World War I, 41 ;
crucifix in, 45
World War II, 14 ;
American ignorance of the Holocaust, 49 ;
American preparedness for, 54 -55;
anxiety over, 54 ;
art after, 33 -34, 35 , 114 , 164 -65;
as catalyst for modernism, 41 -50, 182 -83;
crucifix in, 45 ;
and loss of GIs' individuality, 56 ;
and mistrust of rationality, 33 ;
optimism following, 56 ;
reactions to, 45 , 46 , 50 ;
veterans as artists, 55 -61
WPA (Works Progress Administration) Southern California Art Project, 43 , 85 , 105 , 122 , 164 , 191 , 282
Wrecked Automobiles (Warshaw), 44
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 139 , 152 ;
German Warehouse (Richland Center, Wisc.), 144 ;
Hollyhock House (Hollywood), 277 ;
Larkin Building (Buffalo, N.Y.), 144 ;
Midway Gardens (Chicago), 144 ;
textile block/usonian brick house (Pasadena), 278 ;
Unity Temple (Oak Park, Ill.), 144
Wright, Lloyd, 139
Wright, Willard Huntington, 277
Wurdeman, Walter: Pan-Pacific Auditorium Building (Los Angeles), 282
Wurster, William, 113
X
xenophobia, 122
Xochiquetzal (Cornejo), 127
The Yellow Robe (Baranceanu), plate 7 , 170
Y
Younger Painters of Los Angeles, 280
Young Rivers (Riders) (Slinkard), 162
Z
Zakheim, Bernard, 105 ;
Library , 73
Zeile, John, 275
Zeitlin, Jake, 103 , 122 , 240 n.19, 279