S

Semilunar valves, 5 , 6 , 16 -17

See also Aortic valve

Pulmonary valve

Shock, 93 -94

cardiogenic, 94 , 117

myocardial infarction and, 94 , 117

noncardiac causes, 94

syncope and, 93 -94

Shortness of breath. See Dyspnea

Sick-sinus syndrome, 86

Silent ischemia, 106 -107

Smoking, 99 , 100 -101

Stenosis, 126 -127, 129

congenital defects and, 160

congenital valvular, 163 , 174

in coronary arteries, 97

pulmonary, 145 , 169 -170

See also Aortic stenosis

Mitral stenosis

Stokes-Adams attack. See Syncope

Stress test, 32 , 38

Strokes, embolic, 135

Surgery

aortic commisurotomy, 139

aortic-valve replacement, 139 -140

artificial hearts, 61

blood clot removal, 189

cardiac transplantation, 61 , 70 , 125 , 153

cardiopulmonary bypass, 59 , 60

closure of atrial septal defect, 165

for congenital malformations, 169 , 171 , 172

coronary bypass, 59 -60, 109 -111, 110 , 111

for hypertrophic myocardiopathy, 154

for mitral stenosis, 131 , 136 -137

open-heart, 59 , 131 , 171

for pericarditis, 157 , 158

resection of the aorta, 194 , 195

for valvular diseases, 131 , 133

Symptoms, of heart disease, 26 -28. See also names of specific symptoms

Syncope, 78 , 91 -93

abnormal reflexes and, 92

aortic stenosis and, 92

arrhythmias and, 91 -92, 93

presyncopal attacks, 92

prognosis, 93

shock and, 93 -94

Systemic circulation, 1 , 2 , 2 , 8

blood pressure and, 20 -21

Systolic overload. See Pressure overload