Index

A

Abiko, Kyutaro, 24

Abiko, Yasuo, 24

Abraham, Utah, 90 , 108 -9

Adachi, Fumino, 87

Adachi, Isaburo, 18

Adachi, Wakako, 18

Aikawa, Maya (née Nagata): on accommodations at Topaz, 95 ;

education at Topaz, 124 , 129 , 131 ;

friendship with Kenji Fujii, 238 , 245 ;

story of, 259 -62;

postwar life of, 272

Akiya, Karl: and views of Kibei, 76 ;

and death of James Wakasa, 143 -44;

story of, 239 -40;

postwar life of, 272

Alameda, 38 , 55

Alien Land Laws, 28 -29, 39 , 266

American Civil Liberties Union, 174 , 186 , 217 , 313 n.22

American Council on Race Relations of San Francisco, 267

American Friends Service Committee, 82 , 112 , 210 , 267

American Legion, 108 , 175 , 266

American Red Cross, 25

Arrington, Leonard, 275

Ashizawa, Masayasu, 35

B

Baba, Masaru, 217

Baba, Tsune, 136 , 138 -40, 142 , 181

Bainbridge Island, 60

Bane, Laverne C., 121 , 128

Bankston, Russell, 142 , 223 -24

Bartlett, H. W., 116

Beckwith, Frank, 115 -16

Beckwith, Jane: and history of Topaz, 108 ;

on Wakasa killing, 146 -47;

and closing of Topaz, 222 ;

continued ties to Topaz, 284 -85

Bell, Earnest, 98 , 124

Bell, Gladys, 98 , 101 , 145 , 160

Bell, Gordon, 98 , 124

Bell, Lorne, 98 ;

position at Topaz, 101 , 123 ;

and Wakasa killing, 138 -39;

and religion at Topaz, 156

Bell, Paul: at school in Delta and Topaz, 98 ;

on attitude of Topaz administrators, 99 , 225 ;

at Topaz High School, 124 ;

and continuing ties to Topaz, 284

Bell, Roscoe: and construction of Topaz, 95 ;

arrival and housing of family at Topaz, 98 ;

on reasons for evacuation, 100 ;

on Charles F. Ernst, 101 ;

on arrival of Hawaiian Japanese, 110 -11;

on Wakasa killing, 145 ;

accompanying those segregated to Tule Lake, 154 ;

and religion at Topaz, 156 ;

and work stoppage at Topaz, 164 , 168 ;

and consolidation of services at Topaz, 215 ;

and George Ochikubo, 218 ;

residents' assessment of, 225

Bell, Winifred, 98 , 124

Bendetsen, Karl, 46 , 49 , 62 , 271

Berkeley, California, 216

Berkeley Inter-Racial Group, 267

Best, Raymond R., 181 -82

Biddle, Francis, 50

Block managers: at Tanforan, 72 -73;

at Topaz, 135 -36, 180 -81, 191 , 203 ,

helping people to leave, 211 , 214 ;

scouting trip to West Coast, 215

Bowron, Fletcher, 271

Boy Scouts of America, 25 , 91

Browder, Earl, 75

Buddhism: among Japanese Americans in the Bay Area: 5 , 7 -8;

buildings in

Buddhism (continued )

prewar San Francisco, 36 ;

at Tanforan, 71 ;

at Topaz, 155 , 157 , 199 ;

and use of San Francisco buildings for postwar housing, 210 , 218

Bureau of Indian Affairs, 101

Bush, George, xi , 283

C

Calden, Guy, 22 , 29

California Joint Immigration Committee, 266 , 270

California State Grange, 266

Carey Land Act, 91

Carlisle, John C., 120 -22

Catholics, 155 , 267

Central Utah Relocation Center. See Topaz

Chan, Sucheng, xiii -xiv

Chapman, Gordon, 267

Chicago, 117 -18

Chinatown (San Francisco): 16 -17;

Japanese in, 22 -23;

and evacuation, 51 ;

economic loss in, 53 -54;

merchants of, and Topaz cooperative, 189

Chinese Exclusion Act, 26 -27

Christian Layman's Movement, 233

City College of San Francisco, 281

Civilian Exclusion Order No. 1, 60

Cold War, 269

College of the Pacific, 204

Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC), xvii ; on economic losses of Nikkei, 56 -57, 273 ;

testimony of Karl Akiya to, 240 ;

testimony of William Kochiyama to, 250 ;

report of, 282

Communist Party, 75

Community: definition of, xii -xvi;

of San Francisco and Bay Area, on eve of Pearl Harbor, 42 ;

Nihonmachis as basis of, 43 ;

S. Frank Miyamoto's discussion of, 289 n.2

Concentration camps, xvii , 88

Council for Civic Unity, 267

Crime, 70 -71

Crocker, Barbara, 157

Crystal City, Texas, Internment Camp, 255

D

Daley Brothers Construction Firm, 91

Daniels, Roger: xvi-xvii;

on effects of Depression, 32 ,

on camp self-government, 133 , 135 ;

on Asael Hansen, 166 ;

on postwar Nikkei, 273 -74

Delta, Utah: description of, 90 ;

and initial reaction to Japanese Americans, 108 ;

and reaction to selection of Topaz site, 109 ;

and relations with Topaz residents, 169 ;

and visit of Sgt. Ben Kuroki, 177 ;

and camp closure, 207

Delta High School, 160 , 195

Depression, 32 , 37

Deseret, Utah, 91

DeWitt, John, 46 , 57 , 60

Dies Committee, 164 , 224

Doho newspaper, 75 , 240

Doi family, 212 , 269 -70

Domestic workers, 18

Draft. See Selective Service

Drinnon, Richard, xvii , 144 -45

Drum Mountains, Utah, 90

Duveneck, Josephine, 267 , 281

E

Earthquake of 1906, 1 , 31

East Bay communities, 37 -39. See also individual cities

Eaton, Arthur, 102 -3, 110

Education, 191 -96, 206

Eijima, Hanna, 41

Eijima, Mari, 41 , 245 ;

secondary education of, 250 ;

story of, 255 -56;

in New York, 272

Eisenhower, Milton, 113

Ekoji Buddhist Temple, 254

Emmons, Delos, 275

Endo, Mitsue, 185 -86, 201 , 271

Ernst, Charles: as first director of Topaz, 99 ;

description of, 100 -102;

on camp order, 136 ;

and Wakasa killing, 141 , 145 ;

and requests for repatriation to Japan, 148 ;

on social scientists at Topaz, 166 ;

on strike at Tule Lake, 182 ;

resignation, 196 , 225

Evacuation: economic losses of Nikkei in, 45 -57, 86 ;

curfew ordered, 49 ;

travel restrictions and proclamation of military zones, 50 ;

and Japanese American Claims Act of 1948, 229

Executive Order 9066, 46 -47, 49 , 57 , 255

F

Fair Play Committee, 45 , 48

Farm Security Administration, 55

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 45 , 82 , 117 , 255

Federal Reserve Bank, 56 , 273

Federal Reserve Board, 50

Fillmore district (San Francisco), 16

Fisher, Galen, 48 -49

Fisher, George, 58

Foote, Caleb, 2 -75

Ford, Gerald, 255

Fort Douglas, Utah, 139 -40

442nd Regimental Combat Team, 229 , 248

Freedom of Information Act, 262 , 264

Fujii, Grace, 121

Fujii, Kenji: family history, 22 ;

in 1940, 40 ;

and evacuation, 51 ;

in Tanforan politics, 75 , 78 ;

as train monitor, 89 ;

reaction to housing at Topaz, 94 -95;

on food and indigestion, 97 ;

and hospital grievance committee, 162 ;

and draft, 175 -76;

and resettlement, 212 , 234 ;

story of, 237 -38;

postwar life of, 272 , 281 ;

marriage to Allyce Hirabayashi, 282

Fujita, Tad: introduced, 1 ;

block manager at Tanforan, 73 -74;

on Tanforan council, 77 ;

during journey to Topaz, 90 ;

and religion at Topaz, 156 ;

and co-op, 158 , 225 ;

after war, 281

Fujita, Tomizo, 1

G

Gambling: among Japanese Americans in San Francisco, 24 ;

at Tanforan, 71 , 84 ;

at Topaz, 163 , 183

Gang behavior (juvenile delinquency), 126 -27, 195

Geneva Steel Mill, Orem, Utah, 117

Gentleman's Agreement, 29

Gerard, Eleanor. See Sekerak, Eleanor

Germany, 220

Gila River Relocation Center, 61 , 202

Goertzel, Victor, 225

"Go for Broke," (later the National Japanese American Historical Society), 248

Goodman, Joe, 225 , 256

Goto, James, 162 , 178

Goto, Rev. Taro, 110 , 156 , 189

Guilford College, Pennsylvania, 256

Gulick, Sidney L., 30

Gullion, Allen W., 46

H

Hada, John, 36 , 245 -46, 254

Hansen, Asael, 166 -67

Hashimoto, Edward Daigoro, 105 -6

Hashimoto, Edward I., 107

Hashimoto, Y., 105 -6

Hawaii, 2 , 4 , 45

Hawaiian Japanese, 2 ., 4 ;

and Pearl Harbor, 45 ;

arrival at Topaz, 110 -11;

departure for Tule Lake, 153

Hayakawa, S. I., 234

Hayashi, Arthur (Tad), 11 ;

and Boy Scouts, 25 ;

and military service, 176 , 245 ;

postwar life of, 272 ;

marriage, 281

Hayashi, Fumi (née Manabe), xviii , 11 , 39 ;

in 1940, 41 ;

departure for Tanforan, 62 ;

remembering Oscar Hoffman, 103 ;

on education at Topaz, 124 -27, 132 ;

and religion at Topaz, 156 , 245 ;

leaving Topaz, 250 ;

postwar life of, 272 ;

marriage, 281

Hayashmo, Carole, xviii

Hearst, William Randolph, 28 , 270 -71

Heart Mountain Internment Camp, 66 , 148 , 167 , 272

Hibi, George Matsusaburo, 82 , 128

Hibi, Hisako, 82 , 128

Hibino, Nobu Kumekawa, 272

Higa, Thomas, 177

Hinckley, Utah, 91

Hirabayashi, Allyce, 282

Hirota, Tad, 156 , 281

Hodges, Evelyn (later Mrs. Ted Lewis), 155

Hoffman, Luther T.: as second director of Topaz, 99 , 101 -2, 146 ;

and style of governance, 168 , 186 , 199 ;

and Sasaki case, 204 -5;

comments on resettlement to San Francisco, 213 ;

and camp closure, 220 , 222

Hoffman, Oscar: reports on prewar San Francisco community, 24 -25, 30 ;

and economic loss caused by evacuation, 52 -54;

role and assessment of colleagues, 101 -3;

and registration controversy, 148 ;

and segregation of "nonos" to Tule Lake, 153 -54, 161 ;

on social problems, 166 -68, 170 ;

on draft, 173 ;

on resettlement, 178 ;

on health care, 179 ;

on George Ochikubo problem, 181 ;

on Nikkei resistance to leaving camp, 184 , 187 -88;

on pipeline controversy, 191 ;

on educational problems, 192 -95;

on resignation of Charles Ernst, 196 ;

on growing malaise in camp, 197 , 200 ;

on reaction of Nikkei to announcement of Topaz's closure, 202 ;

notes rising interest in resettlement, 210 -12, 214 , 216 -19;

residents' assessment of, 225 , 273

Hohri, William, 254 , 284

Hokubei Asahi Daily News , 34

Hokubei Mainichi , 32 -33, 35 -36, 262

Honderick, Walter, 158 , 189

Honnami, H., 156 , 190

Hood River, Oregon, 211

House Range, Utah, 90

Howset, Fred N., 270

Hughes, James F., 101 , 122 , 138 , 141 , 145

Huron College, South Dakota, 113

I

Iljima, Kazu, 159 -61

Iijima, Tad, 159

Iiyama, Chizu (née Kitano), 16 , 25 ;

on relocation's effects, 234 ;

story of, 250 -51;

postwar life of, 272 , 281

Iiyama, Ernest: and Young Democrats, 75 ;

at Tanforan, 76 -77;

friend of Kenji Fujii, 238 ;

and Karl Akiya, 240 ;

life of, 251 -52;

postwar life of, 272 , 281

Imai, Masi, 107

Immigration and Naturalization Service, 262

Ingraham, George S., 108

Interfaith Church Council, 156 , 175

Intermarriage, 9 , 85 , 302 n.73

Internal Revenue Service, 229

Isokawa, Yoshio, 156

Issei, xviii ;

defined, 5 ;

denial of U.S. citizenship, 13 ;

labor in San Francisco, 20 ;

views on outcome of war, 50 ;

and Young Democrats, 76 ;

in government at Tanforan, 77 -78;

on resettlement, 118 ;

and Topaz government, 135 -36;

and resettling, 197 , 200 , 202 ;

role at Topaz, 230 ;

effects of redress on, 231

Ito, Kiyo (later Mrs. Jean Kariya): story of, 244 , 250 ;

story of family, 255 -56

Ito, Ryuzaburo, 255 -56

J

JACL. See Japanese American Citizens League

James, Thomas: on schools at Tanforan, 81 , 119 ;

on education at Topaz, 126 , 170 , 192

Japan, 2 -3, 219 -21, 274

Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), xviii , 24 ;

founded, 38 ;

expansion of, 43 ;

and Munson Report, 46 ;

and stand on evacuation, 49 ;

at Tanforan, 69 , 74 -76;

at Topaz, 133 ;

and redress movement, 230 ;

Dave Tatsuno as member of, 237 ;

Shigeki Sugiyama as president of, 254 ;

and return of Nikkei to West Coast, 267 ;

national headquarters of, 284

Japanese American Claims Act of 1948, 229

Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS): description of, xvi -xviii;

observations of, 63 ;

at Tanforan, 66 , 68 , 71 ;

and study of recreation at Tanforan, 83 ;

on mixed marriages at Tanforan, 85 -86;

on administrators at Topaz, 100 -101;

and Charles Kikuchi, 110 ;

on seasonal labor, 116 -17;

on first year at Topaz, 119

Japanese American National Museum, Los Angeles, 158

Japanese American News , 34 , 36

Japanese American Social Services (JASSI), 253

Japanese American Weekly , 24

Japanese Associations, 13 , 36 , 51 , 262

Japanese Exclusion League, 29

Japan Society, 257

Jerome Relocation Center, 201

"Jewel of the desert," 19 , 90 , 250

Johnson, LaVell, 108

Jones, Rev. E. Stanley, 157

K

Kagawa Christians, 156

Kasai, Alice, 107 , 305 n.67

Kasai, Henry Y., 106 -7

Katayama, Hiromoto, 40 , 55 , 171 -73

Kawaguchi, Tom: in boy scouts, 25 ;

remembrances of prewar San Francisco, 36 ;

on stealing lumber at Topaz, 95 ;

on enlisting, 174 -75, 245 ;

story of, 247 -48

Kawakami, Toyo Suyemoto, 91 , 95

Keetley, Utah, 58 , 60 , 107

Keikoan, Abu, 129 , 245

Kenjinkai (prefectural associations), 8 , 38

Kibei: definition, 37 ;

political position of, 43 -44, 50 ;

Karl Akiya as, 76 ;

Ernest Iiyama as, 76 ;

at Tanforan, 78 ;

and killing of James Wakasa, 143 -44;

as troublemakers, 161

Kikuchi, Charles, 82 , 110 , 163

Kimochi Senior Citizen's Center (San Francisco), 279

Kitano, Harry H. L.: as a seasonal laborer at Provo, 117 ;

on education at Topaz High School, 125 ;

on juvenile delinquency among Japanese Americans, 32 ;

on effects of relocation, 234 , 245 ;

postwar life of, 281

Kitano, Kou Yuki, 16 , 25 , 31 , 110

Kitano, Motoji, 16 , 25 , 31 , 110

Kitashima, Tsuyako "Sox," 242 -44, 250 , 277 -79, 283

Kobayashi, Masasuki, 210

Kobi, Michi (Michiko Okamoto), xviii ;

life in prewar San Francisco, 64 ;

describing Oscar Hoffman, 103 , 225 , 259 ;

education at Topaz, 129 , 131 ;

effect of Wakasa killing on, 145 , 259 ;

friend of Kenji Fujii, 238 , 245 ;

at To-

paz, 250 ;

life story, 258 -59;

in postwar New York, 272

Kochiyama, William, 152 , 245 , 249 -50, 272

Kono, Harry, 39

Kumata, Rev. Kenryu, 156

Kumekawa, Ryozo Glenn ("Rosie"), 124 , 245 , 272

Kunitani, Anne, 75

Kunitani, Michio, 75

Kuroki, Ben, 177

L

LaBarre, Weston, 101 , 166

LaFabreque, George, 101 , 159 -60, 225 , 252

Lawson, William R., 78

Leupp, Arizona, 161

Lewis, Eugene, 129

Lewis, Ted, 95 , 137

Light, Emily, 225

Loomis, Barbara, 225

Los Angeles, xiii

Lowell High School, San Francisco, 241

M

MacArthur, Douglas, 50

McCarran-Walter Immigration Act, 230

McCloy, John J., 47 , 228 , 271

McMillan, Mary, 225 , 256

Manabe, Chitose, 11 , 233 -34

Manabe, Grace (later Hattori), 250

Manzanar, 148 , 272

Masaoka, Mike: and Munson Report, 46 ;

and Tolan Committee, 48 ;

and JACL, 48 ;

in Salt Lake City, 106 ;

testimony on redress bill of 1948, 273

Matsukagi, Bp. Socho, 218

Matsumoto, S., 190

Matzkin, Muriel, 225

Maughan, Reese, 121 -22

Maw, Herbert B., 100 , 107 , 164

Mayor's Committee on Civic Unity (San Francisco), 267

Medford, Oregon, 210

Methodists, Japanese Mission Conference in America, 110

Millard County, 90 , 109

Millard County Chronicle , 108 , 115 , 122 , 139 , 174

Millard County Progress , 139

Mfiler, Henry H., 137 -41

Minidoka Internment Camp, 177 , 272

Mitsubishi company, 247

Mittwer, Saburo Henry, 269

Miyachi, Lil, 256

Miyamoto, S. Frank, xii , 5 , 9 , 11 ;

on treatment of Issei, 13 , 27 ;

on Japanese American attitude toward education, 126

Miyoshi, Nobu, 58 -60, 107

Modell, John, xii -xiii, 32 , 43

"Model minority," 228 , 284 , 321 n.2

Mormons (Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints), 105 -7

Mount Eden, 38 , 55

Munson, Curtis B., 46

Murai, Hajime, 35

Murai, Kiichiro, 35

Murata, Tadayasu, 36

Myer, Dillon, xvii , 103 ;

on resettlement of evacuees, 113 -14, 146 ;

on Selective Service and Nisei, 171 , 173 ;

and closure of Topaz, 206 -7;

and Bureau of Indian Affairs, 227 , 239

N

Nakagawa, Kitty. See Tsuzuki, Masako

Nakahata, Agnes, 262 -63

Nakahata, Donald, 45 , 245 , 262 -64, 280 -81

Nakahata, Shiro Yasuchika, 51 , 262

Narahara, Mas, 190 , 206 , 218

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 267

National Coalition for Redress/Reparation, 244

National Council for Japanese American Redress, 254

National Japanese American Historical Society, 277

National Japanese Student Relocation Council, 112 -13, 168 , 193

National Origins Act of 1924, xiv , 16 , 30

National Student Relocation Committee Council, 82 , 113

Native Sons of the Golden West, 266

New Orleans, 210 , 214

New Masses, The , 76

New Republic, The , 76

New World, The , 34

New York Times , 201

Nichi Bei , 24

Nichi Bei Bussan, 35 , 284

Nicholson, R. L., 79

Nihei, Masi, 283

Nihonmachi: in San Francisco, 12 , 14 -15;

prewar, 32 -37;

in the East Bay, 38 -39;

economic losses in, 52 -54;

Morgan Yamanaka in, 241 ;

return of Nikkei to, 267 ;

in postwar San Francisco, 273 -74, 283 -84

Nikkei (people of Japanese ancestry), 15 , 20 ;

employment in San Francisco

Nikkei (continued )

prior to evacuation, 19 -25;

registration of, 46 ;

economic losses of, 53 -57;

in government at Tanforan, 77 -78;

and departure for Japan, 83 ;

and mixed marriages, 85 ;

and trip to Utah, 87 ;

and resettlement as laborers, 114 -18

Nisei: defined, 1 ;

attitude toward outbreak of war, 50 ;

at Tanforan, 74 -75, 77 , 79 ;

and seasonal work as agricultural laborers, 114 -17;

and recruitment for military service, 148 -53

Nishi System of Health Engineering, 156

Noble, LeGrand, 121

Northern California Council of Churches, 267

Nugent, Rev. Carl, 156 , 225

O

Oakland, California, 55

Obata, Chiura, 82 , 128 , 136

Ochikubo, George A.: on community councils, 147 ;

on dental service, 179 , 181 -83;

and Sasaki case, 204 ;

prepares to leave Topaz, 216 -18, 225 , 227 ;

exclusion from West Coast, 268

Ogden, Utah, 90

Okamoto, Michiko. See Kobi, Michi

Okamura, Sueichi, 34

Okayama, Rev. Z., 142

Oki, James, 239

Okihiro, Gary Y., xiii , 46

Okubo, Miné: early life and arrival at Tanforan, 65 -66;

receiving visitors, 69 ;

and entertainment at Tanforan, 72 ;

and inoculations, 88 ;

art at Tanforan, 81 ;

comments on schools and library, 82 -83;

and last trip outside before leaving for Utah, 86 ;

and train trip to Utah, 89 -90;

on Topaz, 91 ;

art at Topaz, 128 ;

on Wakasa killing, 140 , 143 , 145 ;

and publishing of Citizen 13660 , 229 ;

departure for New York, 250 , 272

Oshima, Heizo, 54

Oshita, Grace (née Fujimoto): and evacuation, 51 ;

arrest of father by FBI, 51 ;

and conditions for family at Tanforan, 64 ;

studying piano, 72 ;

and death of grandmother at Tanforan, 80 ;

on juvenile delinquency at Topaz, 126 -27;

on education, 127 -28, 132 ;

on recreation near Topaz, 160 ;

and resettlement, 210 , 250

Ozawa, Takeo, 29

P

Pacific Citizen , 24

Pacific Coast Committee on American Principles and Fair Play, 213 , 267

Parent-Teacher Association (PTA), 25 , 123 , 127 , 194 -95

Pearl Harbor, 44 , 99 , 247

People's World , 76 , 272

Personal Justice Denied , 282 -83

Petersen, Homer U., 108

Peterson, Elmer G., 113

Phelan, James Duval, 26 -27

Philpott, Gerald B., 141 -42, 145

Pickett, Clarence, 112

Picture brides, 10 -11, 29

Poston Relocation Center, 61 , 66 , 202 , 272

Pratt, Claud, 100 , 225 , 243 -44, 279

Pratt, Henry C., 201

Prostitution, 10 ;

in prewar San Francisco, 36 ;

at Tanforan, 70 ;

among Japanese American workers m early Utah, 105 ;

at Topaz, 162 , 252

Protestant Church Commission, 267

Protestantism: among early Japanese Americans in San Francisco, 5 -8, 36 ;

church at Topaz, 123 , 155

Provo, Utah, 116 -17

Public Proclamation No. 1, 57

Purcell, James, 186

R

Racial covenants, 31

Redress: paying of, xii , 218 ;

and JACL, 230 ;

feelings of George Shimamoto on, 231 ;

beginnings of movement, 282 -83

Resident Council for Japanese American Civil Rights, 148

Richards, Ray, 270 -73

Robertson, Wanda, 122 , 128

Rocky Mountain Times , 106

Rogers, Carl, 164

Roosevelt, Franklin D.: on exclusion, 46 ;

on resettlement of interned Japanese Americans, 112 ;

and reelection in 1944, 198 ;

death of, 213 ;

letter of support to, 240 ;

and plans for Japanese Americans, 274

Roper, Mel, 95

Rowell, Chester, 274

S

Salt Lake City, 106 , 118 , 208 -9, 268

Salt Lake Tribune , 117

Salvation Army, 7 , 36 , 84 , 210 , 212

Sand Island, Hawaii, 110 -11, 153

San Francisco, xiii ;

settlement of Japanese in, 2 , 4 ;

and discrimination against Japanese Americans, 20 , 26 -

30 ;

laundry and dry cleaning business, 21 -22;

and resettlement of Japanese Americans in, 213 . See also Chinatown (San Francisco)

San Francisco Chronicle , 271

San Francisco Examiner , 28 , 270 , 273

San Francisco Labor Herald , 272

San Francisco News , 271

San Mateo, 39 -40

Sansei (third-generation Japanese Americans), 228 , 230

Santa Anita Assembly Center, 60 , 90 , 110 , 241

Santa Fe Detention Center, 204 , 255

Sasaki, Frank Shizuo, 204 -6, 268

Satoda, Daisy, xviii

Schmoe, Floyd, 49

"Schoolboys," 8 -9, 17 -19, 27 -28

Seabrook Farms, New Jersey, 198

Seasonal labor from Topaz, 113 -16

Seicho no lye, 155 -56

Sekerak, Eleanor (née Gerard): on health at Topaz, 95 ;

on arrival at camp, 98 ;

on Charles F. Ernst, Luther Hoffman, and other administrators, 101 -2;

on teaching at Topaz, 123 -24, 146 ;

and religion at Topaz, 156 ;

and schools, 193 ;

marriage and move to Washington, 224 -25;

and continued connections to former Topaz residents, 284

Sekerak, Emil, 99 , 156 , 224 -25, 284

Selective Service, 126 , 170 -77

Sendai, Japan, 255

Seventh-Day Adventists, 155

Shibutani, Tamotsu, 52 , 163 , 220 -21

Shimamoto, George Gentoku: in prewar San Francisco's Nihonmachi, 34 ;

and construction of Topaz, 92 ;

and Wakasa killing, 144 ;

on second community council, 147 , 184 ;

story of, 230 -31

Shimamoto, S. Hikoichi, 34

Shimanouchi, Midori (later Mrs. William Lederer), 66 , 252 -54

Shin Sekai , 24 , 45 , 51 , 262

Shinto, 71 , 73

Shiramizu, Shizuko, 217

Shogi , 84

Sioux Ordnance Depot, Nebraska, 198

Smith, Rev. Frank Herron, 156 -57

Soko Hardware store (San Francisco), 35 , 284

Spanish consul, 140 , 142 , 172 -73, 183 , 209

Spickard, Paul, 163

Sproul, Robert G., 82 , 112 , 267

State Farm Bureau, 266

Stimson, Henry L., 47 , 171

Sugihara, George, 117 , 127

Sugiyama, Shigeki, 129 -31, 195 , 245 , 254 -55

Sumitomo Bank, 239

Sumo wrestling, 84

Suyemoto, Lee: secondary education in San Francisco, 40 -41;

resettling in Cincinnati, 118 ;

leads class boycott at Topaz High School, 132 , 192 ;

postgraduate education, 245

Suzuki, Goro (a.k.a. Jack Soo), 160

Suzuki, Rev. Lester, 156

Suzuki, Peter T., 167

Swasey Peak, Utah, 160

T

Takahashi, Henri, 41 , 236 , 272

Takahashi, Tomoye (née Nozawe);

return to San Francisco, xix , 272 , 276 -77;

arrival of family of, 1 ;

youth of, 12 -13;

high school education of, 43 ;

college education of, 40 -41;

marriage to Henri, 41 ;

and evacuation, 51 , 64 ;

and teaching at Tanforan, 83 , 176 ;

life story of, 235 -36

Takaki, Ronald, 20 , 31

Takeda, Joe, 269 -70

Tanforan Assembly Center, 61 ;

life when evacuees first arrived, 64 ;

appearance and housing, 65 ;

development of a community at, 67 -68;

administration of, 68 -72;

religion at, 71 -72;

politics at, 74 -80;

health at, 80 -81;

education at, 81 -83,

library at, 82 -83;

recreation at, 83 -84;

social relationships at, 84 -85;

departure from, 87 -88

Tanforan Totalizer , 79

Tani, Henry, 48 , 81 , 126

Tatsuno, Dave: and Tolan Committee hearings, 48 ;

returning to San Francisco prior to leaving Tanforan, 86 ;

first impressions of Topaz, 91 ;

and construction of camp, 95 ;

reaction to Topaz, 104 -5;

education of son, 125 ;

and religion at Topaz, 156 ;

and consumer cooperative, 158 , 225 ;

life story of, 236 -37;

postwar life of, 270 , 272 , 275 -76

Tatsuno, Shojiro, 35

Terasawa, Rev. Barnabas Hisayoshi, 142 , 262

Terasawa, Faith: 45 ;

and departure for Tanforan, 62 -63;

and departure for Utah, 86 ;

reactions to Topaz's dust and cold, 91 -92;

on mental illness at

Terasawa, Faith (continued )

Topaz, 111 , 161 ;

life at Topaz and afterwards, 232 -33, 262 -63, 280

Terminal Island, San Pedro, 60

Thomas, Dorothy Swaine, xvi , xviii , 63

Thornburg, Richard, xi

Tojo Hideki, 221

Tolan, John H., 47 -49, 112

Tolbert, Sherman, 109

Tooele Ordnance Depot, Utah, 208 , 266

Topaz (Central Utah Relocation Center): and Tanforan residents, 86 ;

and population, 90 , 97 ;

nicknaming of, 90 ;

climate and geography of, 91 -92;

fa-cihties at, 92 -96, 112 ;

food, 96 -97;

Caucasian administrators of, 97 -100;

description of population and community, 104 -5;

construction of, 108 -10;

education at, 119 -33;

artists at, 128 -29;

religion at, 155 -57;

work and wages at, 157 -58;

community life at, 168 -70, 187 ;

deteriorating morale at, 190 -91;

closure of, 201 -2;

final reports on, 222 -25

Topaz High School: class of 1945, 124 ;

problems at, 191- 96;

Kiyo Ito as graduate of, 255 ;

Michiko Okamoto's memories of, 259 ;

Maya Aikawa's remembrances of, 260

Topaz Mountain, Utah, 90

Topaz Times : and Wakasa killing, 138 -39, 141 -42, 147 ;

role of, 155 , 176 ;

use of Japanese language in, 240

Tracy, Lee, 152

Trek , 115 , 155

Truman, Harry S, 176 , 213 , 229

Tsukamoto, Frank, 70

Tsukamoto, Rev. Joe, 103

Tsuzuki, Byron Takashi, 128 , 257

Tsuzuki, Masako (later Kitty Nakagawa), 52 , 245 , 257 -58

Tule Lake Segregation Camp: movement of internees to Topaz, 111 , 126 ;

as segregation camp, 151 -53;

strike at, 181 -82;

Morgan and A1 Yamanaka at, 242 ;

residents in San Francisco after war, 272

Twelfth Naval District, 266 , 268

U

Uchida, Dwight Takashi, 52

Uchida, D. T., 189

Uchida, Keiko, 52 , 82 , 121 , 124

Uchida, Yoshiko: evacuation of, 52 , 62 ;

in prewar Berkeley, 64 ;

at Tanforan, 65 -67, 71 ;

teaching school at Tanforan, 82 ;

describes marriage at Tanforan, 85 ;

and train trip to Topaz, 89 ;

on housing at Topaz, 94 ;

on food and illness, 96 ;

on Charles F. Ernst;

on beginning of schools at Topaz, 120 -21;

on Wakasa killing, 144 -45

Union Pacific Railroad, 90

United States Corps of Engineers, 91

United States Department of State, 140

United States Department of War, 186

United States Employment Service, 116

United States Public Health Service, 81

United States Veteran's Administration, 278

University of California: and education of Japanese Americans, 40 ;

Young Democrats at, 76 ;

and evacuation, 63 ;

and returning Nisei, 204 , 216 ;

postwar attitude toward Nisei students, 271 , 281

University of Nebraska, 113

University of Utah, 113 , 123

Utah, 58 , 89 -90, 105 -8

Utah Nippo , 106 , 270

Utah State University (formerly Utah Agricultural and Mechanical College), 85 , 121

Utsumi, Robert: family roots, 11 -12;

schooling in prewar Oakland, 41 ;

education at Topaz, 131 -32;

story of, 245 -47, 254

V

Veterans of Foreign Wars, 108

Voluntary evacuation, 57 -58

Volunteer Combat Team (the 110th), 151

W

Wada, Fred, 58 , 107

Wakasa, James Hatsuaki, 119 , 136 -47

Walker, Roger, 93 -94

War Relocation Authority, xvii , xviii , xix , 24 ;

on management of evacuee property, 56 ;

construction of Topaz, 92 -109;

and resettlement policy, 113 ;

and people who relocated, 117 ;

on education at Topaz, 120 ;

wage policy of, 125 ;

on Nikkei self-government, 133 -34;

and Wakasa killing, 137 -41, 146 ;

and registration controversy, 148 ;

and running camp as internees departed, 165 -66, 204 , 214 ;

and Selective Service, 173 ;

on health care situation, 179 -80;

and pipeline repair, 191 ;

and malaise at Topaz, 199 ;

termination of, 202 ;

and preparations for camp closure, 206 , 216 -218;

and vocational training for those resettling, 208 -9;

transporting Nikkei to West Coast, 214 ;

and housing for San

Francisco residents, 221 ;

and records of camps, 227 ;

postwar activities on West Coast, 267 ;

and jobs for returning Nikkei, 278 ;

"Final Report" of, 290 n. 11

Warren, Earl, 228 , 271

Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA): formed, 49 ;

storage of Nikkei goods, 51 ;

establishment of assembly centers, 60 ;

and evacuation of San Francisco Bay Area, 62 ;

and running of Tanforan, 68 , 77 ;

on self-government at Tanforan, 79 ;

on Topaz, 110

Washington township, 38 , 55

Watanabe, Warren, 119

Waterfront Employers Association, 272

Watson, Brandon, 103

WCCA. See Wartime Civil Control Administration

Weglyn, Michi, xvii , 135 , 144 , 148

Welcome to Topaz , 103 -4

Western Defense Command, 46 , 85 , 268

Westtown School, Pennsylvania, 256

Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (later WAC), 151 -52

WRA. See War Relocation Authority

Y

Yamanaka, K. Morgan: youth in San Francisco, 17 ;

evacuation to Santa Anita, 60 , 64 , 110 ;

first impressions of Topaz, 91 ;

and response to registration, 151 ;

story of, 240 -42;

postwar, 272 , 279 -80

Yamasaki, Tish (née Kitano), 281

Yamate, S., 189 -90

Yano, Chiyoko (née Yoshii), 158 -59, 225 , 281

Yano, Isao James, 198 , 281

Yasuda, Harry, 115 -16

Yoneda, Karl, 16 , 26 , 75-76 , 240 , 272

Yoshino, John, 68 , 74

Young Democrats, 43 , 75 -80, 76

Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), 267

Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), 267

Yusa, Earle, 71