Bibliography
Abu-Lughod, Lila 1986. Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
——— 1993. Writing Women's Worlds. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. 1965. The Tijaniyya: A Sufi Order in the Modern World. London: Oxford University Press.
Adamec, Ludwig 1967. Afghanistan, 1900–1923. Berkeley: University of California Press.
——— 1975. Historical and Political Who's Who of Afghanistan. Graz, Austria: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt.
Afridi, Omar Khan 1980. Mahsud Monograph. Peshawar: Home and Tribal Affairs Department, Government of the North-West Frontier Province.
Ahmad, Aziz 1970 [1964]. Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Ahmed, Akbar S. 1975. Mataloona: Pukhto Proverbs. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
——— 1976. Millennium and Charisma among Pathans: A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
——— 1977. Social and Economic Change in the Tribal Areas. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
——— 1979. A Bibliography of the North-West Frontier Province. Peshawar: Home and Tribal Affairs Department.
——— 1980. Pukhtun Economy and Society: Traditional Structure and Economic Development in a Tribal Society. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
——— 1983. Religion and Politics in Muslim Society: Order and Conflict in Pakistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
——— 1983. “Tribes and States in Waziristan” . In The Conflict of Tribe and State in Iran and Afghanistan, edited by Richard Tapper. New York: St. Martin's Press.
——— 1984. “Religious Presence and Symbolism in Pukhtun Society” . In Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus, edited by Akbar S. Ahmed and David M. Hart. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Ajmal, Mohammad 1984. “A Note on Adab in the Murshid-Murid Relationship” . In Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam, edited by Barbara D. Metcalf. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Amin, Haji Muhammad n.d.. Silsilah Qaderiya. Peshawar.
Anderson, Benedict 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Anderson, Jon 1975. “Tribe and Community among Ghilzai Pashtun.” Anthropos. 70:576–600.
——— 1979. “Doing Pakhtu: Social Organization of the Ghilzai Pakhtun” . Ph. D. diss., Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina.
——— 1983. “Khan and Khel: Dialectics of Pakhtun Tribalism” . In The Conflict of Tribe and State in Iran and Afghanistan, edited by Richard Tapper. New York: St. Martin's Press.
——— 1984. “How Afghans Define Themselves in Relation to Islam” . In Revolutions and Rebellions in Afghanistan, edited by M. Nazif Shahrani and Robert L. Canfield. Berkeley: Institute for International Studies.
——— 1985. “Sentimental Ambivalence and the Exegesis of `Self' in Afghanistan” . Anthropological Quarterly 58 (4):203–11.
——— 1992. “Poetics and Politics in Ethnographic Texts: A View from the Colonial Ethnography of Afghanistan” . In Writing the Social Text: Poetics and Politics in Social Science Discourse, edited by Richard Harvey Brown. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Antoun, Richard T. 1989. Muslim Preacher in the Modern World: A Jordanian Case Study in Comparative Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Asad, Talal 1972. “Market Model, Class Structure, and Consent: A Reconsideration of Swat Political Organization” . Man (n.s.) 7 (1):74–94.
Ataye, M. Ibrahim 1979. A Dictionary of the Terminology of Pashtun's Tribal Customary Law and Usages. Kabul: Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan, International Centre for Pashto Studies.
Attar, Farid al-Din 1966. Muslim Saints and Mystics (Episodes from the Tadhkirat al-Auliya'). translated by A. J. Arberry. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Azoy, G. Whitney 1982. Buzkashi: Game and Power in Afghanistan. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Baldick, Julian 1989. Mystical Islam: An Introduction to Sufism. New York: New York University Press.
Barfield, Thomas J. 1981. The Central Asian Arabs of Afghanistan: Pastoral Nomadism in Transition. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Barth, Fredrik 1959a. Political Leadership among Swat Pathans. London: Athlone Press.
——— 1959b. “Segmentary Opposition and the Theory of Games: A Study of Pathan Organization” . Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 89 (5):5–21.
——— 1969. “Pathan Identity and Its Maintenance” . In Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, edited by Fredrik Barth. Boston: Little, Brown.
——— 1981. Features of Person and Society in Swat: Collected Essays on Pathans. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Basso, Keith 1986. “`Stalking with Stories': Names, Places, and Moral Narratives among the Western Apache” . Antaeus 57 (Autumn):95–116.
Beck, Lois 1986. The Qashqa'i of Iran. New Haven: Yale University Press.
——— 1991. Nomad: A Year in the Life of a Qashqa'i Tribesman in Iran. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bell, Marjorie Jewett, ed. 1948. An American Engineer in Afghanistan. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Bellew, H. W. 1977 [1864]. A General Report on the Yusufzais. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
——— 1977 [1891] An Inquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan. Karachi: Indus Publications.
Boesen, Inger W. 1980. “Women, Honour, and Love: Some Aspects of the Pashtun Woman's Life in Eastern Afghanistan” . Afghanistan Journal 7 (2):50–59.
——— 1983. “Conflicts of Solidarity in Pakhtun Women's Lives” . In Women in Islamic Societies: Social Attitudes and Historical Perspectives, edited by Bo Utas. London: Curzon Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre 1966. “The Sentiment of Honour in Kabyle Society” . In Honour and Shame: The Values of Mediterranean Society, edited by J. G. Peristiany. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
——— 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bowen, John R. 1993. Muslims through Discourse: Religion and Ritual in Gayo Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Brinner, William M. 1987. “Prophet and Saint: The Two Exemplars of Islam” . In Saints and Virtues, edited by John S. Hawley. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Brown, Peter 1981. The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
——— 1987. “The Saint as Exemplar in Late Antiquity” . In Saints and Virtues, edited by John S. Hawley. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Burke, Edmund, III 1993. “Middle Eastern Societies and Ordinary People's Lives” . In Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East, edited by Edmund Burke, III. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Campbell, J. K. 1992. “The Greek Hero” . In Honor and Grace in Anthropology, edited by J. G. Peristiany and Julian Pitt-Rivers. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Canfield, Robert L. 1973. Faction and Conversion in a Plural Society: Religious Alignments in the Hindu Kush. Anthropological Paper No. 50. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.
Caroe, Olaf 1965. The Pathans. London: Macmillan.
Caton, Steven C. 1985. “The Poetic Construction of Self” . Anthropological Quarterly 58 (4):141–51.
——— 1987. “Power, Persuasion, and Language: A Critique of the Segmentary Model in the Middle East” . International Journal of Middle East Studies 19 (1):77–101.
——— 1990a.Peaks of Yemen I Summon: Poetry as Cultural Practice in a North Yemeni Tribe. Berkeley: University of California Press.
——— 1990b. “Anthropological Theories of Tribe and State Formation in the Middle East: Ideology and the Semiotics of Power” . In Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, edited by Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Christensen, Asgar 1980. “The Pashtuns of Kunar: Tribe, Class and Community Organization” . Afghanistan Journal. 7 (3):79–92.
——— 1982. “Agnates, Affines, and Allies: Patterns of Marriage among Pakhtun in Kunar, North-East Afghanistan” . Folk (24):29–64.
——— 1988. “When Muslim Identity Has Different Meanings: Religion and Politics in Contemporary Afghanistan” . In Islam: State and Society, edited by Klaus Ferdinand and Mehdi Mozaffari. London: Curzon Press.
Churchill, Randolph S., ed. 1967. Winston S. Churchill Companion, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, 1896–1900. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Churchill, Winston 1898. The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of Frontier War. London: Longmans, Green.
——— 1962. Frontiers and Wars. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
Colonna, Fanny 1984. “Cultural Resistance and Religious Legitimacy in Colonial Algeria” . In Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus, edited by Akbar S. Ahmed and David M. Hart. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Crapanzano, Vincent 1980. Tuhami: Portrait of a Moroccan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Crocker, J. Christopher 1977. “The Social Functions of Rhetorical Forms” . In The Social Use of Metaphor: Essays on the Anthropology of Rhetoric, edited by J. David Sapir and Crocker. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Curzon, George 1923. Tales of Travel. New York, George H. Doran Co.
Dani, Ahmad Hasan 1969. Peshawar: Historic City of the Frontier. Peshawar: Khyber Press Mail.
Darnton, Robert 1984. The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History. New York: Basic Books.
Dawood, N. J. 1990. “Introduction to The Koran,” translated by N. J. Dawood. London: Penguin.
Dekmejian, Richard H., and Margaret J. Wyszomirski 1972. “Charismatic Leadership in Islam: The Mahdi of Sudan” . Comparative Studies in Society and History 14 (2):193–214.
Di Bella, Maria Pia 1992. “Name, Blood, and Miracles: The Claims to Renown in Traditional Sicily” . In Honor and Grace in Anthropology, edited by J. G. Peristiany and Julian Pitt-Rivers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dresch, Paul 1986. “The Significance of the Course Events Take in Segmentary Systems” . American Ethnologist 13 (2):309–24.
——— 1989. Tribes, Government, and History in Yemen. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
——— 1990. “Imams and Tribes: The Writing and Acting of History in Upper Yemen” . In Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, edited by Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dupree, Louis 1974. “The First Anglo-Afghan War: Folklore and History” . Afghanistan 26 (4):1–28.
——— 1980. Afghanistan. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
——— 1984. “Tribal Warfare in Afghanistan and Pakistan: A Reflection of the Segmentary Lineage System” . In Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus, edited by Akbar S. Ahmed and David M. Hart. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Durand, Col. Algernon 1977. The Making of a Frontier. Karachi: Indus Publications.
Dwyer, Kevin 1982. Moroccan Dialogues: Anthropology in Question. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
Eaton, Richard M. 1978. Sufis of Bijapur, 1300–1700. Social Roles of Sufis in Medieval India. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
——— 1984. “The Political and Religious Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid” . In Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam, edited by Barbara D. Metcalf. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Edwards, David B. 1986a. “Pretexts of Rebellion: The Cultural Origins of Pakhtun Resistance to the Afghan State” . Ph. D. diss., Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan.
——— 1986b. “The Evolution of Shi'i Political Dissent in Afghanistan” . In Shi'ism and Social Protest, edited by Juan R. I. Cole and Nikki R. Keddie. New Haven: Yale University Press.
——— 1986c. Charismatic Leadership and Political Process in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey 5 (3/4):273–99.
——— 1986d. “Marginality and Migration: Cultural Dimensions of the Afghan Refugee Problem” . International Migration Review 20 (Summer):313–28.
——— 1987. “Origins of the Anti-Soviet Jihad” . In Afghan Resistance: The Politics of Survival, edited by Grant M. Farr and John G. Merriam. Boulder: Westview Press.
——— 1989. “Mad Mullahs and Englishmen: Discourse in the Colonial Encounter” . Comparative Studies in Society and History 31 (4):647–68.
——— 1990. “Frontiers, Boundaries and Frames: The Marginal Identity of Afghan Refugees” . In Pakistan: The Social Science Perspective, edited by Akbar S. Ahmed. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
——— 1993a. “Words in the Balance: The Poetics of Political Dissent in Afghanistan” . In Russia's Muslim Frontiers: New Directions in CrossCultural Analysis, edited by Dale Eickelman. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
——— 1993b. “ Summoning Muslims: Print, Politics, and Religious Ideology in Afghanistan” . Journal of Asian Studies 52 (3):609–28.
——— 1993c. “ The Political Lives of Afghan Saints: The Case of the Hazrats of Shor Bazaar” . In Manifestations of Sainthood in Islam, edited by Carl W. Ernst. Istanbul: Éditions Isis.
——— 1995. “Print Islam: Religion, Revolution, and the Media in Afghanistan” . Anthropological Quarterly 68 (3):171–84.
Eickelman, Dale F. 1976. Moroccan Islam: Tradition and Society in a Pilgrimage Center. Austin: University of Texas Press.
——— 1982. “The Study of Islam in Local Contexts” . Contributions to Asian Studies 17:1–16.
——— 1985a. Knowledge and Power in Morocco: The Education of a Twentieth Century Notable. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
——— 1985b. “Introduction: Self and Community in Middle Eastern Society” . Anthropological Quarterly 58 (4):135–40.
——— 1989. The Middle East: An Anthropological Approach. 2d ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
——— 1991. “Traditional Islamic Learning and Ideas of the Person in the Twentieth Century” . In Middle Eastern Lives: The Practice of Biography and Self-Narrative, edited by Martin Kramer. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Einzmann, H. 1975. “Religious Folk Tradition in Afghanistan, Pilgrimage, and Veneration of Saints” . In Islam in Southern Asia: A Survey of Current Research, edited by D. Rothemund. Weisbaden: South Asian Institute.
Elphinstone, Mountstuart 1972 [1815]. An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul. 2 vols. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1949. The Sanusi of Cyrenaica. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ewing, Katherine Pratt 1980. “The Pir or Sufi Saint in Pakistani Islam” . Ph. D. diss. Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago.
——— 1984. Malangs of the Punjab: Intoxication or Adab as the Path to God? In Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam, edited by Barbara D. Metcalf. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Fahim, Muhammad 1978. “British Relations with the Akhund of Swat” . Islamic Studies. 17 (1):57–66.
Fernandez, James W. 1986. Persuasions and Performances: The Play of Tropes in Culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Foucault, Michel 1979. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
Fox, Richard G. 1985. Lions of the Punjab: Culture in the Making. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Fraser-Tytler, W. K. 1950. Afghanistan: A Study of Political Developments in Central Asia. London: Oxford University Press.
Friedl, Erika 1989. Women of Deh Koh: Lives in an Iranian Village. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Garthwaite, Gene R. 1983. Khans and Shahs: A Documentary Analysis of the Bakhtiyari in Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Geertz, Clifford 1968. Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
——— 1983. “From the Native's Point of View” . In Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology, edited by Clifford Geertz. New York: Basic Books.
Geertz, Clifford, Hildred Geertz, and Lawrence Rosen, eds., 1979. Meaning and Order in Moroccan Society: Three Essays in Cultural Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gellner, Ernest 1969. Saints of the Atlas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
——— 1981. Muslim Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
——— 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
——— 1990. “Tribalism and the State in the Middle East” . In Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, edited by Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ghani, Abdul 1980 [1921].A Review of the Political Situation in Central Asia. Lahore: Aziz Publishers.
Ghani, Ashraf 1978. “Islam and State-Building in a Tribal Society, Afghanistan: 1880–1901” . Modern Asian Studies 12 (2):269–84.
——— 1983. “Disputes in a Court of Sharia, Kunar Valley, Afghanistan, 1885–1890” . International Journal of Middle East Studies 15:353–67.
——— 1987. “Islam and Counter-revolutionary Movements” . In Islam in Asia, edited by John L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ghobar, Mir Ghulam Muhammad 1967. Afghanistan dar Masir-i Tarikh. Kabul: Government Printing House.
Gibb, H. A. R. and J. H. Kramers, eds. 1974. The Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam. Leiden: E. J. Brill, p. 216.
Gilmartin, David 1984. “Shrines, Succession, and Sources of Moral Authority” . In Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam, edited by Barbara D. Metcalf. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Gilmore, David D. 1987. “Introduction: The Shame of Dishonor” . In Honor and Shame and the Unity of the Mediterranean, edited by David D. Gilmore. Washington, D.C.: American Anthropological Association.
Gilsenan, Michael 1973. Saint and Sufi in Modern Egypt: An Essay in the Sociology of Religion. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
——— 1982. Recognizing Islam: Religion and Society in the Modern Arab World. New York: Pantheon.
Ginzburg, Carlo 1985. Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. New York: Penguin.
Goldziher, Ignaz 1967 [1889–1890] Muslim Studies, edited by S. M. Stern. Chicago: Aldine.
Great Britain. Parliament 1882. Afghanistan and Central Asia: Papers presented to Her Majesty, 1870–1882. London: Harrison and Sons.
Gregorian, Vartan 1969. The Emergence of Modern Afghanistan: Politics of Reform and Modernization 1880–1946. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Grima, Benedicte 1992. The Performance of Emotion among Paxtun Women. Austin: The University of Texas Press.
Harding, Susan 1987. “Convicted by the Holy Spirit: The Rhetoric of Fundamental Baptist Conversion” . American Ethnologist 14 (1):167–81.
Hart, David M. 1985. Guardians of the Khaibar Pass: The Social Organisation of the Afridis of Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Press.
Hensman, Howard 1978 [1881].The Afghan War of 1879–80. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications [London: H. Allen].
Herzfeld, Michael 1985. The Poetics of Manhood: Contest and Identity in a Cretan Mountain Village. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hobsbawm, Eric 1990. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hobsbawm, Eric, and Terence Ranger, eds. 1983. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Howell, Evelyn 1979 [1931]. Mizh: A Monograph on Government's Relations with the Mahsud Tribe. Karachi: Oxford University Press [Simla: Government of India Press].
Howell, Evelyn, and Olaf Caroe 1963. The Poems of Khushhal Khan Khatak. Peshawar: Peshawar University Press.
al-Hujwiri, `Ali bin Uthman 1980. Kashf-al-Mahjub, translated by R. A. Nicholson. Lahore: Islamic Book Foundation.
Ibn Khaldun 1969. The Muqaddimah. An Introduction to History, translated by F. Rosenthal. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
India, Army Intelligence Branch 1908. Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India. Vol. 2.
Jahanzeb, Miangul 1985. The Last Wali of Swat: An Autobiography as Told to Fredrik Barth. New York: Columbia University Press.
James, Lionel 1898. The Indian Frontier War: Being an Account of the Mohmand and Tirah Expeditions 1897. London: William Heinemann.
Jamous, Raymond 1992. “From the Death of Men to the Peace of God: Violence and Peace-making in the Rif” . In Honor and Grace in Anthropology, edited by J. G. Peristiany and Julian Pitt-Rivers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jones, Schuyler 1974. Men of Influence in Nuristan: A Study of Social Control and Dispute Settlement in Waigal Valley, Afghanistan. London: Seminar Press.
Kakar, Hasan 1971. Afghanistan: A Study of Internal Political Development, 1880–1901. Lahore: Punjab University Press.
——— 1979. Government and Society in Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir `Abd al-Rahman Khan. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Keddie, Nikki R. 1972. Scholars, Saints, and Sufis: Muslim Religious Institutions since 1500. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Keiser, Lincoln 1991. Friend by Day, Enemy by Night. Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Keppel, Arnold 1977 [1911]. Gun-Running and the Indian North West Frontier. Quetta: Gosha-e-Adab.
Khan, Azmat Hayat 1981. “Afghan Resistance and National Leadership” . Central Asia 9 (Winter):163–76.
Khan, Muhammad Fahim 1977. “The Life and Times of Hajji Sahib of Turangzai” . Islamic Studies 16 (1):329–41.
Khan, Muhammad Hayat 1981 [1874].Afghanistan and its Inhabitants. Henry Priestley, trans. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
Khan, Sultan Mahomed 1980 [1900]. The Life of Abdur Rahman, Amir of Afghanistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press [London: John Murray].
Khoury, Philip S., and Joseph Kostiner 1990. “Introduction: Tribes and the Complexities of State Formation in the Middle East” . In Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, edited by Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner. Berkeley: University of California Press.
King, L. White 1984 [1900]. The Orakzai Country and Clans. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Kurin, Richard 1984. “Morality, Personhood, and the Exemplary Life: Popular Conceptions of Muslims in Paradise” . In Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam, edited by Barbara D. Metcalf. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Lavie, Smadar 1990. The Poetics of Military Occupation: Mzeina Allegories of Bedouin Identity under Israeli and Egyptian Rule. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel 1978. Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error. New York: George Braziller.
Levy, Reuben 1969. An Introduction to Persian Literature. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lewis, Bernard 1988. The Political Language of Islam. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lindholm, Charles 1981. “The Structure of Violence among the Swat Pukhtun of Northern Pakistan” . Ethnology 20:147–56.
——— 1982. Generosity and Jealousy: The Swat Pukhtun of Northern Pakistan. Columbia University Press.
——— 1986. “Leadership Categories and Social Processes in Islam: The Cases of Dir and Swat” . Journal of Anthropological Research 42 (1):1–13.
——— 1992. “Quandaries of Command in Egalitarian Societies: Examples from Swat and Morocco” . In Comparing Muslim Societies, edited by Juan R. I. Cole. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Loeffler, Reinhold 1988. Islam in Practice: Religious Beliefs in a Persian Village. Albany: State University of New York Press.
MacIntyre, Alasdair 1984. After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
Majrooh, Sayyid Bahouddin Majrooh n.d.. Education in Afghanistan: Past and Present (unpublished manuscript). Peshawar: Afghan Information Center.
Malyon, F. H. 1980. Pushtu Folk Stories. Islamabad: National Institute of Folk Heritage.
Marcus, Michael 1985. “History on the Moroccan Periphery: Moral Imagination, Poetry, and Islam” . Anthropological Quarterly 58 (4):152–60.
——— 1987. “`Horsemen are the Fence of the Land': Honor and History among the Ghiyata of Eastern Morocco” . In Honor and Shame and the Unity of the Mediterranean, edited by David D. Gilmore. Washington, D. C.: American Anthropological Association.
Martin, Frank 1907. Under the Absolute Amir. London: Harper and Brothers.
McMahon, Capt. A. H., and Lieut. A. D. G. Ramsay 1981 [1901]. Report on the Tribes of Dir, Swat, and Bajour Together with the Utman-Khel and Sam Ranizai. Lahore: Saeed Book Bank.
Meeker, Michael E. 1976. “Meaning and Society in the Near East: Examples from the Black Sea Turks and the Levantine Arabs” . Journal of Middle East Studies 7:243–70; 383–422.
——— 1979. Literature and Violence in North Arabia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
——— 1980. “The Twilight of a South Asian Heroic Age: A Rereading of Barth's Study of Swat” . Man (ns) 15:682–701.
——— 1989. The Pastoral Son and the Spirit of Patriarchy: Religion, Society, and Person among East African Stock Keepers. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Merk, W. R. H. 1984 [1898]. The Mohmands. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Messick, Brinkley 1993. The Calligraphic State: Textual Domination and History in a Muslim Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Metcalf, Barbara D. 1978. “The Madrasa at Deoband: A Model for Religious Education in Modern India” . Modern Asian Studies 12 (1):111–34.
Mills, H. Woosnam 1979 [1897]. The Pathan Revolts in North-West India. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
Mills, Margaret 1988. “Structure, Texture, and the Personal Voice in Afghan Folktales” . Edebiy'at 2 (1–2):77–115.
——— 1991. Rhetoric and Politics in Afghan Traditional Storytelling. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Mitchell, Richard 1969. The Society of the Muslim Brothers. London: Oxford University Press.
Mottahedeh, Roy P. 1980. Loyalty and Leadership in an Early Islamic Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
——— 1985. The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran. New York: Pantheon Books.
Munson, Henry 1984. The House of Si Abd Allah: The Oral History of a Moroccan Family. New Haven: Yale University Press.
——— 1993. Religion and Power in Morocco. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Musil, Alois 1928. The Manners and Customs of the Rwala Bedouins. American Geographical Society: Oriental Explorations and Studies, No. 6. New York: Crane.
Nagy, Gregory 1979. The Best of the Achaeans: Concepts of the Hero in Archaic Greek Poetry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Neamet Ullah 1965 [1829–36] History of the Afghans, translated by Bernhard Dorn. London: Susil Gupta.
Nevell, Capt. H. L. 1977. Campaigns on the North-West Frontier. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publishers.
Nicholson, Reynold A. 1914. The Mystics of Islam. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
O'Brien, D. B. Cruise 1971. The Mourides of Senegal: The Political and Economic Organization of an Islamic Brotherhood. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 1990. “Introduction: The Historicization of Anthropology” . In Culture Through Time: Anthropological Approaches, edited by E. Ohnuki-Tierney. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Olesen, Asta 1988. “Afghanistan: The Development of the Modern State” . In Islam: State and Society, edited by Klaus Ferdinand and Mehdi Mozaffari. London: Curzon Press.
Paine, Robert 1981. “When Saying Is Doing” . In Politically Speaking: Cross-Cultural Studies of Rhetoric, edited by Robert Paine. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.
Peacock, James L., and Dorothy C. Holland 1993. “The Narrated Self: Life Stories in Process” . Ethos 21 (4):367–83.
Pennell, T. L. 1909. Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier. London: Seeley & Co.
Peters, Emrys 1990. “Aspects of the Feud” . In The Bedouin of Cyrenaica: Studies in Personal and Corporate Power, edited by Jack Goody and Emanuel Marx. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Peters, Rudolph 1979. Islam and Colonialism: The Doctrine of Jihad in Modern History. The Hague: Mouton.
Pitt-Rivers, Julian 1966. “Honour and Social Status” . In Honour and Shame: The Values of Mediterranean Society, edited by J. G. Peristiany. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
——— 1977. The Fate of Shechem or the Politics of Sex: Essays in the Anthropology of the Mediterranean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Poullada, Leon 1973. Reform and Rebellion in Afghanistan, 1919–1929. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Rabinow, Paul 1975. Symbolic Domination: Cultural Form and Historical Change in Morocco. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Raverty, Capt. H. G. 1980 [1860]. A Dictionary of the Pukhto, Pushto or Language of the Afghans. Karachi: Indus Publications.
Renard, John 1993. Islam and the Heroic Image: Themes in Literature and the Visual Arts. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
Robinson, Capt. J. A. 1978 [1934]. Notes on Nomad Tribes of Eastern Afghanistan. Quetta: Nisa Traders.
Rosaldo, Renato 1980. Ilongot Headhunting, 1883–1974: A Study in Society and History. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Rosen, Lawrence 1984. Bargaining for Reality: The Construction of Social Relations in a Muslim Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Roy, Olivier 1986. Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sabir, Mohammad Shafi 1964. Story of Khyber. Peshawar: University Book Agency.
Sahlins, Marshall 1981. Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities: Structure in the Early History of the Sandwich Islands Kingdom. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
——— 1985. Islands of History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Salik, S. A. 1953. The Saint of Jilan (Ghaus-ul-Azam). Lahore: Ashraf Publications.
Samatar, Said S. 1982. Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayyid Mahammad `Abdille Hasan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schimmel, Annemarie 1975. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Schwartz, Barry 1987. George Washington: The Making of an American Symbol. New York: Free Press.
Seton-Watson, Hugh 1977. Nations and States: An Enquiry into the Origins of Nations and the Politics of Nationalism. Boulder: Westview Press.
Shah, Sirdar Iqbal Ali 1978 [1928].Afghanistan of the Afghans. Quetta: Gosh-e-Adab.
Shahrani, M. Nazif 1986. “State Building and Social Fragmentation in Afghanistan: A Historical Perspective” . In The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, edited by Ali Banuazizi and Myron Weiner. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Shahrani, M. Nazif, and Robert L. Canfield 1984. Revolutions and Rebellions in Afghanistan: Anthropological Perspectives. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Shah Wali Allah 1973. A Mystical Interpretation of Prophetic Tales by an Indian Muslim. [translation of Ta'wil al-ahadith]. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Sharif, Ja'far 1972 [1921]. Islam in India, or the Qanun-i-Islam, translated by G. A. Herklots. London: Curzon Press.
Smith, Harvey H., et al. 1980. Afghanistan: A Country Study. 4th ed. Washington, D. C.: American University.
Spain, James W. 1972. The Way of the Pathan. 2d ed. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
——— 1985 [1963].The Pathan Borderland. Karachi: Indus Publication.
Subhan, John A. 1970. Sufism: Its Saints and Shrines. New York: Samuel Wieser.
Sykes, Sir Percy 1940. A History of Afghanistan. 2 vols. London: Macmillan.
Tapper, Nancy 1983. “Abd al-Rahman's North-West Frontier: The Pashtun Colonisation of Afghan Turkistan” . In The Conflict of Tribe and State in Iran and Afghanistan, edited by Richard Tapper. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Tapper, Richard 1983. “Introduction to” The Conflict of Tribe and State in Iran and Afghanistan, edited by Richard Tapper. New York: St. Martin's Press.
——— 1984. “Holier Than Thou: Islam in Three Tribal Societies” . In Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus, edited by Akbar S. Ahmed and David M. Hart. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Tate, G. P. 1973 [1911]. The Kingdom of Afghanistan. A Historical Sketch. Karachi: Indus Publications [Bombay: Times Press].
Temple, R. C. 1882. “Twice-Told Tales Regarding the Akhund of Swat” . The Indian Antiquary 11 (November):325–26.
Thorburn, S. S. 1978 [1879]. Bannu; or Our Afghan Frontier. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications [London: Trubner and Co.].
Thornton, Ernest, and Annie Thornton 1910. Leaves from an Afghan Scrapbook: The Experiences of an English Official and His Wife in Kabul. London: John Murray.
Trimingham, J. Spencer 1971. The Sufi Orders of Islam. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Turner, Bryan 1974. Weber and Islam: A Critical Study. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Utas, Bo 1980. “Notes on Afghan Sufi Orders and Khanaqahs” . Afghanistan Journal 7 (2):60–67.
van Bruinessen, Martin 1992. Agha, Shaikh, and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan. London: Zed Books.
von Grunebaum, G. E., and Roger Caillois, eds. 1966. The Dream and Human Societies. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wadud (Badshah), Miangul Abdul 1962. The Story of Swat (as Told by the Founder Miangul Abdul Wadud Badshah to Muhammad Asif Khan). Peshawar: Feroz Sons.
Warburton, Sir Robert 1970 [1900].Eighteen Years in the Khyber, 1879–1898. Karachi: Oxford University Press [London: John Murray].
Weber, Max 1968. On Charisma and Institution Building, edited by S. N. Eisenstadt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
White, Hayden 1981. “The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality” . In On Narrative, edited by W. J. T. Mitchell. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Woods, Frederick, ed. 1972. Young Winston's Wars: The Original Despatches of Winston S. Churchill War Correspondent 1897–1900. London: Leo Cooper Ltd.
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram 1986. Honor and Violence in the Old South. London: Oxford University Press.
Yapp, Malcolm 1983. “Tribes and States in the Khyber, 1838–42” . In The Conflict of Tribe and State in Iran and Afghanistan, edited by Richard Tapper. New York: St. Martin's Press.