Bibliography
Archival Sources
Japanese Evacuation Research Study, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. (Note: The files in this enormous archive are cited simply by name of person and date, not by file box and number.)
Files on Central Utah Project, Record Group 210, National Archives, Washington D.C. These files are also cited by name of writer or report (as in the case of the many Community Analysis Reports of Oscar Hoffman to Dillon Myer). They are not cited by individual file and box.
Oral Histories conducted from 1987 to 1991 with Maya Aikawa, Karl Akiya, Jane Beckwith, Mari Eijima, Tad Fujita, Abu Keikoan Guilday, Fumi Hayashi, Arthur Tad Hayashi, Hisako Hibi, Hiromoto and Eiko Katayama, Nobu Hibino, Chizu Kitano Iiyama, Ernest Iiyama, Harry Kitano, Midori Shimanouchi Lederer, Kiyo Ito (Jean Kariya), Masako Tsuzuki Nakagawa, Michiko Okamoto (Michi Kobi), Tom Kawaguchi, Tsuyako "Sox" Kitashima, Glenn Kumekawa, William Kochiyama, Chiyoko Manabe, Donald and Alice Nakahata, Masi Nihei, Miné Okubo, Shigeki Sugiyama, George Gentoku Shimamoto, Lee Suyemoto, Tomoye Takahashi, Faith Terasawa, Robert Utsumi, Isao and Chiyoko Yano. I also talked by telephone with Grace Oshita, Dr. Clifford Uyeda, Paul Bell, Roscoe Bell, Evelyn Hodges Lewis, and Eleanor and Emil Sekerak. I corresponded with Oscar F. Hoffman. I had extended but untaped conversations with Michi Onuma and Seizo Oka. Oral histories that were transcribed, edited by the subject, and revised are on file at the Western Americana, in the Marriott Library at the University of Utah. Interviews that were not edited and returned have been used in rough draft form without any direct quotations. In all such cases, permission to use the material was obtained verbally from the subject at the time of the interview and confirmed before publication. Sometimes written statements were
substituted for the interview by the subject when he/she reviewed the unedited transcript; this is noted in the endnotes. Some people were interviewed but their words were not recorded owing to problems with the tape recorder; they include Jiro Nakaso, Jim Kajiwara, Tad Hirota, and Mike Suzuki. The author wishes to thank all who participated in this lengthy interview project.
Manuscripts
Roscoe Bell, "Relocation Center Life," Western Americana, Marriott Library, University of Utah
Newspapers
Hokubei Mainichi (San Francisco)
Millard County Chronicle (Delta)
Pacific Citizen (San Francisco)
Rafu Shinpo (Los Angeles)
Salt Lake Tribune
Topaz Times
Secondary Sources
Adachi, Fumino. "My Experiences in a Foreign Land." In East Bay Japanese for Action, ed. Our Recollections . Berkeley: Privately published, 1986.
Adachi, Wakako. "History of Adachi Nursery." In Stories of Issei Women , translated by Janey Egawa. Berkeley: Privately published, 1987.
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism . London: Verso, 1983; revised 1991.
Arrington, Leonard. The Price of Prejudice: The Japanese-American Re-location Center in Utah During World War II . Logan: Faculty Association of Utah State University, 1962.
——— "Utah's Ambiguous Reception: The Relocated Japanese Americans." In Daniels, Taylor, and Kitano, eds., Japanese Americans .
Bell, Colin, and Howard Newby. Community Studies: An Introduction to the Sociology of the Local Community . New York: Praeger, 1956; reprinted 1974.
Bender, Thomas. Community and Social Change in America . New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1980.
Bronson, William. The Earth Shook, the Sky Burned . New York: Doubleday, 1959.
Cantril, Hadley, ed. American Concentration Camps: A Documentary History of the Relocation and Incarceration o f Japanese Americans , 1942-45. New York: Garland, 1989.
———, ed. Public Opinion, 1935-1946 . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951.
Chan, Sucheng. Asian Americans: An Interpretive History . Boston: Twayne, 1991.
Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Personal Justice Denied . Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1982.
Daniels, Roger. Asian America: Chinese and Japanese in the United States Since 1950 . Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988.
———. Concentration Camps, U.S.A.: Japanese Americans and World War II . New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971. Reprinted as Concentration Camps, North America: Japanese in the United States and Canada During World War II . Malabar, Fla.: Krieger, 1981.
———. Introduction to Asael T. Hansen, "My Two Years at Heart Mountain: The Difficult Role of an Applied Anthropologist." In Daniels, Taylor, and Kitano, eds., Japanese Americans .
———."Japanese America, 1930-1941: An Ethnic Community in the Great Depression." Journal of the West 21 (October 1985): 35-50.
———. "Japanese-Americans." In Richard S. Kirkendall, ed., The Harry S Truman Encyclopedia . Boston: G. K. Hall, 1989.
———. Politics of Prejudice: The Anti-Japanese Movement in California and the Struggle for Japanese Exclusion . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1962; 2d ed., 1972; reprinted Gloucester, Mass: Peter Smith, 1966.
———, ed. Archival Documents, 1944 and 1945 . Vol. 8 of American Concentration Camps: A Documentary History of the Relocation and Incarceration o f Japanese Americans , 1942-45. New York: Garland, 1989.
Daniels, Roger, Sandra C. Taylor, and Harry H. L. Kitano, eds. Japanese Americans: From Relocation to Redress . Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1986.
Drinnon, Richard. Keeper of Concentration Camps: Dillon S. Myer and American Racism . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987.
Gesensway, Deborah, and Mindy Roseman. Beyond Words: Images from America's Concentration Camps . Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987.
Girdner, Audrie, and Anne Loftis. The Great Betrayal: The Evacuation of the Japanese-Americans During World War II . New York: Macmillan, 1969.
Grodzins, Morton. Americans Betrayed: Politics and the Japanese Evacuation . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949.
Hata, Donald T., Jr. "Undesirables": Early Immigrants and the Anti-Japanese Movement in San Francisco, 1792-1893 . New York: Arno Press, 1978.
Hohri, William. "Redress as a Movement Towards Enfranchisement." In Daniels, Taylor, and Kitano, eds., Japanese Americans .
Hosokawa, Bill. JACL in Quest of Justice . New York: William Morrow, 1982.
———. Nisei: The Quiet Americans . New York: William Morrow, 1969.
Ichihashi, Yamato. Japanese in the United States . Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1932; reprinted New York: Arno Press, 1969.
Ichioka, Yuji. Views from Within: The Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study . Los Angeles: UCLA Asian American Studies Center, 1989.
Irons, Peter. Justice at War: The Story of the Japanese American Internment Cases . New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.
Ishigo, Estelle. Lone Heart Mountain . Los Angeles: Anderson, Ritchie, and Simon, 1972.
Issel, William, and Robert W. Cherny. San Francisco, 1865-1932 . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.
James, Thomas. Exile Within: The Schooling of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945 . Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987.
Jorgensen, Joseph G. The Sun Dance Religion: Power for the Powerless . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
Kawakami, Toyo Suyemoto. "Camp Memories: Rough and Broken Shards." In Daniels, Taylor, and Kitano, eds., Japanese Americans .
Kessler, Lauren. "Fettered Freedoms: The Journalism of World War II Japanese Internment Camps." Journalism History 15, no. 2-3 (Summer-Autumn 1988): 70-79.
Kiefer, Christie W. Changing Cultures, Changing Lives . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1974.
Kikuchi, Charles. The Diary of Charles Kikuchi . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1973.
Kitano, Harry H. L. "Japanese-American Crime and Delinquency." In Stanley Sue and Nathaniel N. Wagner, eds., Asian-Americans: Psychological Perspectives . Palo Alto, Calif.: Science and Behavior Books, 1973.
———. Japanese Americans: The Evolution of a Subculture . Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.
Levine, Gene N., and Colbert Rhodes. The Japanese American Community: A Three-Generation Study . New York: Praeger, 1981.
Lukes, Timothy J., and Gary Y. Okihiro. Japanese Legacy: Farming and Community Life in California's Santa Clara Valley . Local History Studies, 31. Cupertino: California History Center, 1985.
Masaoka, Mike (with Bill Hosokawa). They Call Me Moses Masaoka . New York: William Morrow, 1991.
Meyer, Dillon S. Uprooted Americans . Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1971.
Miyamoto, S. Frank. Social Solidarity Among the Japanese in Seattle . Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1984.
Modell, John. "The Japanese of Los Angeles: A Study in Growth and Accommodation, 1900-1946." Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1969.
Nakano, Mei T. Japanese American Women: Three Generations, 1890-1990 . Berkeley: Mina Press and San Francisco: National Japanese American Historical Society, 1990.
Nelson, Douglas. Heart Mountain: The Story of an American Concentration Camp . Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976.
O'Brien, Robert. College Nisei . Palo Alto: Pacific Books, 1949.
Okihiro, Gary Y. Cane Fires: The Anti-Japanese Movement in Hawaii, 1865-1945 . Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991.
Okubo, Miné. Citizen 13660 . Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1946; reprinted 1973 and 1983.
Papanikolas, Helen Z. The Peoples of Utah . Salt Lake City: Utah State Historical Society, 1976.
Petersen, William. Japanese Americans: Oppression and Success . New York: Random House, 1971.
Richardson, J. D. Messages and Papers of the Presidents . Washington, D.C.: Bureau of National Literature, 1911.
Sawada, Mitziko. "After the Camps: Seabrook Farms and the Resettlement of Japanese Americans, 1944-47." Amerasia Journal 13 (1986-87): 117-36.
Sekerak, Eleanor Gerard. "A Teacher at Topaz." In Daniels, Taylor, and Kitano, eds., Japanese Americans .
Shibutani, Tamotsu. Improvised News: A Sociological Study of Rumor . Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1966.
——— "Rumors in a Crisis Situation." M.A. thesis, University of Chicago, 1944.
Spickard, Paul R. Mixed Blood: Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America . Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.
Suzuki, Lester E. Ministry in the Assembly and Relocation Centers of World War II . Berkeley: Yardbird, 1979.
Suzuki, Peter T. "Anthropologists in the Wartime Camps for Japanese Americans: A Documentary Study." Dialectical Anthropology 6 (1981): 23-60.
Takaki, Ronald. Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans . Boston: Little, Brown, 1989.
Tateishi, John. And Justice for All: An Oral History of the Japanese American Detention Camps . New York: Random House, 1984.
Taylor, Sandra C. Advocate of Understanding: Sidney Gulick and the Search for Peace with Japan . Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1984.
——— "Evacuation and Economic Loss: Questions and Perspectives." In Daniels, Taylor, and Kitano, eds., Japanese Americans .
——— "The Federal Reserve Bank and the Relocation of the Japanese in 1942." The Public Historian 5 (Winter 1983): 9-30.
——— "Japanese Americans and Keetley Farms: Utah's Relocation Colony." Utah Historical Quarterly 54 (1986): 328-45.
——— "Leaving the Camps: Japanese American Resettlement in Utah and the Intermountain West." Pacific Historical Review 60 (Spring 1991): 169-94.
Thomas, Dorothy Swaine. The Salvage: Japanese-American Evacuation and Resettlement . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1952.
Thomas, Dorothy Swaine, and Richard S. Nishimoto. The Spoilage . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1946.
Topaz: Fortieth Year Topaz Reunion . San Francisco, 1983.
Tupper, Eleanor, and George E. McReynolds. Japan in American Public Opinion . New York: MacMillan, 1937.
Uchida, Yoshiko. Desert Exile: The Uprooting of a Japanese American Family . Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1982.
United States Department of the Interior. The Wartime Handling of Evacuee Property . Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1946.
Wakatsuki, Jeanne, and James D. Houston. Farewell to Manzanar . Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973.
"A Walk Through Japantown—1935." Hokubei Mainichi , Supplement, January 1, 1989.
War Relocation Authority. The Evacuated People: A Quantitative Description , vol. 3. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1946; reprint AMS Press, New York, 1975.
———. WRA: A Story of Human Conservation . Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1945.
Weglyn, Michi. Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America's Concentration Camps . New York: William Morrow, 1976.
White, Richard. The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change Among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983.
Yoneda, Karl G. Ganbatte: Sixty-Year Struggle of a Kibei Worker . Los Angeles: Asian American Studies Center, 1983.