H

Heart

atrioventricular valves, 7 ,7

semilunar valves, 5 , 6 , 8 , 16 -17

structure, 3 -8, 4 , 5

valves, 5 , 6 , 7 , 7 -8

Heartbeat, 71

echo beats, 75

ectopic beats, 72 -73, 73 , 74 , 82

escape beats, 72

Heart block, 76 -78, 77 , 85 -86

complete, 86 -87

myocardial infarction and, 118

Heart contraction, 13 , 15

Heart failure, 64 -68, 93

acute, 67 -68

from acute myocarditis, 151

chronic, 68

congestive, 65 , 155

dyspnea and, 65 -66

fluid retention and, 66 -67, 67

mitral regurgitation and, 143

myocardial infarction and, 117

pressure changes in, 65 , 66

treatment, 68 -70

Heart murmurs, 29 , 163 , 167 , 169

Heart transplants. See Transplantation, cardiac

Hemodynamic monitoring, 42 -43

Hemorrhage

from aortic dissection, 195

pulmonary, mitral stenosis and, 135

subintimal, 98

Holter monitor test, 32 -33, 83 , 102 , 103 -104

Hypertension, 99 , 100 -101, 175 , 178

aortic dissection and, 194

causes, 177 -178

coarctation of the aorta and, 171 -172

diagnosis, 178 -179

drug therapy for, 179 -180, 183 -184

effects of, 180

hypertensive encephalopathy, 181

prognosis, 180 -181

severity categories, 179

treatment, 182 -184

See also Blood pressure

Hypertension, pulmonary, 165 , 185 -188, 191

arteriolar spasm, 188

hyperkinetic, 186 -187

hypoxemia, 188 , 190

mitral stenosis and, 135 -136

passive, 186

primary, 190 -191

surgery for, 187 , 188

Hypertensive encephalopathy, 181

Hypertrophy, 63

in cardiomyopathy, 90 , 153 -154

Hypotension, myocardial infarction and, 117

Hypoxemia, 188 , 190