Non-Archival Sources

Exhibitions and Videos

• “Tigers Round the Throne.” Exhibition. Zamana Gallery, London. August 1990.
• Granada Television, Empire! Video, 1991.

Contemporary Published Works

Adam, William. The Law and Custom of Slavery in British India. Boston: Weeks, Jordan, and Company, 1840.

Andrew, Adam. “Indian Problems” . Indian Review. 1905, 30–35.

Baden-Powell, B. H. The Land Systems of British India. 3 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1892.

Booth, Charles, ed. Life and Labour of the People of London. 7 vols. 1889. Reprint. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1969.

Booth, General William. In Darkest England and the Way Out. London: International Headquarters of the Salvation Army, 1890.

Booth-Tucker, Commissioner. Darkest India. Bombay: n.p., 1891.

Bosanquet, Bernard. Aspects of the Social Problem. New York: Macmillan and Co., 1895.

“British Acquisitions in the Presidency of Fort St. George” . Madras Journal of Literature and Science. 1879.

Brown, C. P., ed. Three treatises on Mirasi Right…with the remarks made by the Hon’ble the Court of Directors. Madras: D. P. L. C. Connor, 1852.

Chadwick, Edwin. Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain. London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1843.

Cleghorn, Hugh. The Forests and Gardens of South India. London: W. H. Allen, 1861.

———. “On the Hedge Plants of India, and conditions which adapt them for special purposes and particular localities” . The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2d ser., no. 34 (October 1850): 239–40.

Crole, C. S. The Chingleput, late Madras, District. Madras: Lawrence Asylum Press, 1879.

Digby, William. The Famine Campaign in Southern India (Madras and Bombay Presidencies and province of Mysore) 1876–1878. London: Longmans, Green, 1878.

——————. India for the Indians—and for England. London: Talbot Brothers, 1885.

Dubois, Abbe J. A. Hindu Manners, Customs, and Ceremonies. Translated by Henry K. Beauchamp. 3d ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906.

Edgerton, Franklin, trans.The Bhagavad Gita. Harper and Row: New York, 1944.

Ellis, Francis. “Account of a Discovery of a Modern Imitation of the Vedas, With Remarks on the Genuine Works” . Asiatic Researches or Transactions of the Society Instituted in Bengal for Enquiring into the History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences, and Literature, of Asia 14 (1822): 1–59.

Ellis, F. W. Replies to seventeen questions proposed by the Government of Fort St. George relative to Mirasi Right with two appendices elucidatory of the subject. Madras: Government Gazette Office, 1818.

Gleig, G. R. The Life of Major General Sir Thomas Munro, Bart. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bently, 1831.

Goudie, William. “The Pariahs and the Land” . Harvest Field 15 (July 1894): 490–500.

Grant-Duff, M. E. “India: A Reply to Mr. Samuel Smith, M. P” . Contemporary Review 51 (January–June 1887): 8–31, 181–195.

Horrible London (London: Chatto and Windus, 1889).

How the Poor Live (London: Chatto and Windus, 1889).

Hunter, W. W. The Annals of Rural Bengal. Reprint. Calcutta: Indian Studies, 1965.

Irāmalingaswāmi, Cuvāmikaḷ. Toṇạa maṇạala sataka urai (Commentary on the Tonda Mandala Sataka). In Citambaram Irāmalinka Cuvāmikaḷ, Tiru Aruạpā, 3 Viyakiyāṉam pakuti (Song of grace, part 3). Madras: Ripon Press, 1855. Reprint. Madras: Arutpa valakam, 1961.

Kaye, John William. Christianity in India: An historical narrative. London: Smith, Elder and Co., 1859.

Keay, J. Seymour. “The Spoliation of India” . The Nineteenth Century 14 (July–December 1883): 1–22.

——————. “The Spoilation of India” . The Nineteenth Century 15 (January–June 1884): 559–618.

Der Königl. Dänischen Missionarien aus Ost-Indieneingesandter ausführlichen Berichten,Erster Theil, Vom ersten ausführlichen Bericht an bis zu dessen zwölfter Continuation mitgetheilet. Halle: Verlegung des Weysenhauses, 1735.

The Manual of the Administration of Madras Presidency. 3 vols. Madras: E. Keys, 1885–93.

Maraimalaiyaạikaḷ. Vēḷāḷar Nākarikam [Vellala civilization]. Madras: Tenintiya caivacittanta nurpatipu kalakam, 1975.

Masterman, C. F. G., ed. The Heart of the Empire; Discussions of Problems of Modern City Life in England. 1901. Reprint. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1973.

Mayhew, Henry. London Labour and London Poor; a Cyclopedia of the Condition of those that Will Work, Those that Cannot, and Those that Will Not Work. 2 vols. London: Griffen, Bohn, and Co., 1861.

Maine, Henry Sumner. Early History of Institutions. New ed. London: J. Murray, 1890.

Mearns, Reverend Andrew. The Bitter Cry of Outcaste London: An Inquiry into the Condition of the Abject Poor. London: James Clarke and Co., 1883.

Moreland, W. H. India at the Death of Akbar: An Economic Study. 1920. Reprint. Delhi: Atma Ram and Sons, 1962.

Naoroji, Dadabhai. “Poverty of India” . Poverty and Un-British Rule in India. 1873. Reprint. New Delhi: Publications Division, 1962.

——————. “Sir M. E. Grant Duff’s Views about India” . Contemporary Review 52 (August 1887): 221–35, 694–711.

——————. Essays, speeches, and writings. Edited by C. L. Parikh. Bombay, 1887.

——————. Speeches and Writings. Madras, n.d.

A Native Revenue Officer. On Bribery as Practiced in the Revenue administration of the Madras Presidency. Madras: Hindu Press, 1858.

Orme, Robert. Transactions of the British Nation in Indostan. 2d ed. 3 vols. London: John Nourse, 1775.

Ramaswami Naidoo, Bundla. Memoir of the Internal Revenue system of the Madras Presidency, Selections from the Records of the South Arcot District. No. 11. Madras: Superintendent, Government Press, 1908.

Skrine, Francis Henry. Life of Sir William Wilson Hunter. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1901.

Smith, Samuel. “India Revisited” . Contemporary Review 49 (January–June 1886): 794–819.

Smith, Samuel, MP. My Life Work. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1902.

Srinivasa Raghavaiyangar, S. Memorandum on the Progress of the Madras Presidency during the Last Forty Years of British Administration. Madras: Superintendent, Government Press, 1893.

Stanley, Henry Morton. In Darkest Africa; or, The quest, rescue and retreat of Emin, governor of Equatoria. 2 vols. London: S. Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, 1890.

Vēlāyuta Mutaliyār, Toluvūr. Vēlaṉ Marapiyal [Vellala customs]. Madras: Kudalur Kuppiyappillai, 1880.

Piratāpa Mutaliyār. 1879. Reprint. Madras: Sakti kariyalayam, 1957.

Wilks, Mark. Historical Sketches of the South of India in an Attempt to Trace the History of Mysoor. Edited by Murray Hammick. 2 vols. Mysore: Government Branch Press, 1930.

Wilson, H. H. Glossary of Judicial and Revenue Terms. 1855. Reprint. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1968.

Periodicals and Newspapers

• The Hindu
• The Madras Times
• The Times (London)

Dissertations and Unpublished Papers

Barnett, Stephen Allen. “The structural position of a south Indian caste: the kondaikatti vellala-s in Tamil Nadu” . Ph. D. diss., University of Chicago, 1970.

Blackburn, Stuart. “Inside the Drama-House: The Rama Story as Shadow Puppet Play in Kerala” . Forthcoming.

Gurney, John. “The Debts of the Nawab of Arcot” . Ph. D. diss., Oxford University, 1964.

Ludden, David. “Agricultural Expansion, Diversification, and Commodity Production in Peninsular India, c. 1550–1800” . Presented at the Association of Asian Studies meeting, San Francisco, 25 March 1988.

Neild-Basu, Susan. “Madras: The Growth of a Colonial City, 1780–1840,” . Ph. D. diss., University of Chicago, 1977.

Van Hollen, Cecelia. “The Role of Civil Society in Orientalist and Anti-Colonial Discourses: Women as Model Citizens” . Berkeley, 1991.

Printed Books and Articles

Amin, Shahid. “Gandhi as Mahatma” . In Selected Subaltern Studies. Edited by Ranajit Guha and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Aṇṇāturai, Ci. Eṉ. Ellōrum iṉṉāạạu maṉṉar (Everybody is a king of the country). Cennai: Tuyarmalar Patippakam, 1961.

Appadurai, Arjun. “Right and Left Hand Castes in South India” . Indian Economic and Social History Review 11, nos. 2, 3 (June–September 1974): 216–59.

——————. Worship and Conflict under Colonial Rule: A South Indian Case. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Appadurai, Arjun, and CarolBreckenridge. “Public Culture” . Items (Winter 1990): 78–79.

Arasaratnam, S. “Trade and Political Dominion in South India, 1750–1790: Changing British-Indian Relationships,” . Modern Asian Studies 13, no. 1 (February 1979): 19–40.

Arnold, David. Police Power and Colonial Rule: Madras 1859–1947. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Bailey, F. G.Stratagems and SpoilsOxford: Basil Blackwell, 1969.

Baker, Christopher John. An Indian Rural Economy, 1880–1955, The Tamil Countryside. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984.

Bakhtin, M. M. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Translated by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, edited by Michael Holquist. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981.

——————. Rabelais and His World. Translated by Helene Iswolsky. Cambridge, Mass.: M. I. T. Press, 1968.

Basham, A. L. The Wonder that was India. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1954.

Bayly, C. A. Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Breckenridge, Carol. “From protector to litigant—changing relations between Hindu temples and the Raja of Ramnad” . In South India Temples. Edited by Burton Stein. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1978.

Brennig, Joseph J. “Chief Merchants and the European Enclaves of Seventeenth-century Coromandel” . Modern Asian Studies 11 (1977): 321–40.

Brown, Judith M. Gandhi: Prisoner of Hope. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Chandra, Bipan. The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India: Economic Policies of Indian National Leadership, 1880–1905. New Delhi: People’s Publishing House, 1966.

Chingleput: A Statistical Atlas of the Madras Province, Statistical Atlas for the Decennium ending Fasli 1350 (1940–41). Madras: Superintendent, Government Press, 1949.

Cohn, Bernard S. An Anthropologist Among the Historians and Other Essays. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Cuntara Rākavanline:, Kē., and Kē. Ranka Rākavaṉ. Tivāṉ Pahatūxr śrīnivāsa;amrākavaiyā;aznkār. N.p., n.d.

Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Clarendon University Press, 1917.

Dirks, Nicholas. The Hollow Crown: Ethnohistory of an Indian Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Elias, Norbert. The History of Manners. Vol. 1 of The Civilizing Process. Translated by Edmund Jephcott. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

——————. Power and Civility. Vol. 2 of The Civilizing Process. Translated by Edmund Jephcott. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

Foster, George M. “Colonial Administration in Northern Rhodesia in 1962” . Human Organization 46, no. 4 (Winter 1987): 359–68.

Fox, Richard. Lions of the Punjab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

——————. Gandhian Utopia: Experiments with Culture. Boston: Beacon Press, 1989.

Fuller, C. J. Servants of the Goddess: The Priests of a South Indian Temple. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Gallagher, Catherine. The Industrial Reformation of English Fiction: Social Discourse and the Narrative Form, 1832–67. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

——————. “The Body Versus the Social Body in the Works of Thomas Malthus and Henry Mayhew” . In The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Edited by Thomas Laquer and Catherine Gallagher. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

Ginzburg, Carlo. The Cheese and the Worms. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.

Goffman, Erving. “The Nature of Deference and Demeanor” . In Interaction Ritual. New York: Pantheon Books, 1967.

Hay, Douglas. “Property, Authority and the Criminal Law” . In Albion’s Fatal Tree: Crime and Society in Eighteenth century England. Edited by Douglas Hay et al. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1975.

Hill, S. C. Yusuf Khan: The Rebel Commandant. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1914.

Historical Records of the Survey of India. 6 vols. Collected by R. H. Phillimore. Dehra Dun, 1945.

Hjejle, Benedicte. “Slavery and agricultural bondage in south India in the nineteenth century” . The Scandinavian Economic History Review 15, nos. 1–2 (1967): 71–126.

Hobsbawm, Eric, and TerrenceRanger, eds.The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Inglis, K. S. Churches and the Working Classes in Victorian England. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963.

Irschick, Eugene F. Politics and Social Conflict in South India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.

——————. “Peasant Survival Strategies and Rehearsals for Rebellion in Eighteenth-Century South India” . Peasant Studies 9, no. 4 (Summer 1982): 215–41.

Kolff, D. H. A. “Sannyasi Trader-Soldiers” . Indian Economic and Social History Review 8, no. 2 (June 1971): 211–18.

Kumar, Dharma. Land and Caste in South India: Agricultural Labour in the Madras Presidency During the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965.

Lewis, J. William Goudie. London: Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, 1923.

Love, H. Davidson. Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640–1800. 4 vols. London: John Murray, 1913.

Marshall, Peter. The British Discovery of Hinduism in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

McLane, John R. Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.

Mennell, Stephen. Norbert Elias: Civilization and the Human Self-Image. London: Basil Blackwell, 1989.

Mines, Mattison. The Merchant-Warriors: Textiles, Trade and Territory in South India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Mines, Mattison, and VijayalakshmiGourishankar. “Leadership and Individuality in South Asia: The Case of the South Indian Big Man” . Journal of Asian Studies 49, no. 4 (November 1990): 761–86.

Moffatt, Michael. An Untouchable Community in South India: Structure and Consensus. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.

Moore, Barrington. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press, 1966.

Murton, Brian. “Key People in the Countryside: Decisionmakers in Interior Tamilnadu in the Late Eighteenth Century” . Indian Economic and Social History Review 10, no. 2 (June 1973): 157–80.

Nandy, Ashis. The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Neild-Basu, Susan. “The Dubashes of Madras” . Modern Asian Studies 18, no. 1 (February 1984): 1–31.

Pandey, Gyanendra. “Encounters and Calamities: The History of a North Indian Qasba in the Nineteenth Century” . In Selected Subaltern Studies. Edited by Ranajit Guha and Gayatri Spivak. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Princep, Charles. Record of Services of the Honourable East India Company’s Civil Servants in the Madras Presidency from 1741 to 1858. London: Trubners Co., 1885.

Ram, Ganga. The Maharashta Purana: An Eighteenth-Century Bengali Historical Text. Translated and edited by Edward Dimock and P. C. Gupta. Honolulu: East-West Center Press, 1965.

Ramanujan, A. K. The Interior Landscape. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975.

Sahlins, Marshall. Islands of History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1978.

Sarada Raju, A. Economic Conditions in the Madras Presidency, 1800–1850. Madras: University of Madras Press, 1941.

Select Committee on the East India Company: The Fifth Report on the Affairs of the East India Company. 3 vols. Madras: J. Higgenbotham, 1866.

Spodek, Howard. “On the origins of Gandhi’s political methodology: The heritage of Kathiawad and Gujarat” . Journal of Asian Studies 30, no. 1 (February 1971): 361–72.

Stokes, Eric. The English Utilitarians and India. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959.

Tambiah, Stanley. World Conqueror and World Renouncer: A Study of Buddhism and Polity in Thailand Against a Historical Background. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Tamil Lexicon. 6 vols. Madras: University of Madras, 1982.

Thurston, Edgar. The Tribes and Castes of South India. 7 vols. Madras: Government Press, 1909.

Todorov, Tzvetan. The Conquest of America: The Question of the Other. New York: Harper and Row, 1982.

Trawick, Margaret. “Spirits and Voices in Tamil Songs” . American Ethnologist 15, no. 2 (May 1988): 193–215.

Visvanathan, Gauri. Masks of Power: Literary Study and British Rule in India. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.

Washbrook, David. “Progress and Problems: South Asian Economic and Social History c. 1720–1860” . Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 1 (February 1988): 57–96.

Wheeler, J. Talboys. Annals of the Madras Presidency. Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corporation, 1985.

Wilson, W. J. History of the Madras Army. 2 vols. Madras: E. Keys at the Government Press, 1882.

Wink, André. Land and Sovereignty in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Wohl, Anthony S. “Introduction” . In The Bitter Cry of Outcast London. New York: Humanities Press, 1970.

Yang, Anand. The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793–1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Yeatts, M. W. M. “Madras Report. Vol. 14” of Census of India. Madras: Superintendent, Government Press, 1932.

Yule, Henry, and A. C.Burnell. Hobson-Jobson. 2d ed. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1968.