Index
A
Abalone Cove Homeowners Association, 62
Advocacy advertising, 191 -192
Affluence index, 141 , 148 , 153 , 203 -204;
of Baldwin Park, 76 ;
of BeverlyWilshire, 133 ;
of Brentwood, 150 , 157 ;
of Covina, 113 ;
of La Canada, 142 ;
of middle class communities, 107 ;
of Palos Verdes, 157 ;
of San Fernando Valley, 151 -152, 157 ;
of San Gabriel Valley, 107 , 113 ;
of Sherman Oaks, 157 ;
of Temple City, 113 ;
of West Covina, 113 , 157
Aiassi, George, 119
Alhambra:
assessments in, 10 ;
tax protest in, 70 -72, 74 , 83 -84, 86 , 116
Allen, Howard P., 25
American Electric Power Company, 192
American Independent Party, 93 , 94
American Protective Association, 32
American Tax Reduction Movement, 177
Anderson, Barbara, 3 , 4 , 183
Antibusing movement, 179 ;
as consumerism, 57 -60;
in San Fernando Valley, 57 , 58 , 60 ;
and tax protest movement, 57 -58, 59 , 60
Antiwar movement, 196
Apartment Association of San Fernando Valley, 122
Apartment House Association of Los Angeles County, 137 , 172
Apartment house owners, 122 , 131 , 137 , 138 , 172
Assessment Reform Act, 11
Assessments, 34 , 123 ;
appealed, 72 -73, 140 -141, 143 , 178 , 179 , 181 ;
business and homes unequal, 9 -10, 14 -16, 17 , 130 ;
by computer, 13 -14;
go up, 8 -10, 13 -14, 16 , 139 -140, 144 , 157 , 169 ;
inflation adds to, 12 -13;
in Los Angeles County, 8 -9, 10 , 13 -14, 157 ;
market value affects, 7 , 12 , 15 -16;
in Massachusetts, 17 , 178 , 179 , 181 ;
in Ohio, 16 ;
in Orange County, 13 ;
pit communities against each other, 168 ;
reform in, 10 -12, 14 -15;
regression equation in, 131 -4;
in San Fernando Valley, 14 , 144 ;
in San Gabriel Valley, 9 , 10 ;
under-, 14 -15;
in Wisconsin, 15 -16
Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN), 18 -19
B
Balanced budget amendment, 177 , 188 , 189 , 191 , 193
Baldwin Park, 76
Bank of America, 25 , 82 , 173
Banks, 25 , 45 , 82 , 94 -95, 134 , 173
Bellflower, 133
Bellino, Carmine S., 14 , 15
Bentham, Jeremy, 7
Berkeley, 122
Beverly Glen Residents Association, 146
Beverly Hills, 164
Beverly-Wilshire area, 133
Beverly-Wilshire Homes Association, 131 , 133
Biblical Economics for Full Employment Parity, 93
John Birch Society, 33
Brentwood, 150 , 157
Brown, J. D., 114
Brown, Jerry, 19 , 145 -146, 162
Buckeye Realty and Management Corporation, 125
Buerk, Gunther, 149 -150
Burnham, Daniel, 174
Business:
advocacy advertising by, 191 -192;
anti-, 89 -90, 101 ;
capitalism defended by, 49 -50;
conservatism as pro-, 48 -50, 66 -67;
government regulates, 49 , 192 ;
v. homeowners, 7 , 87 -88;
lobbies, 24 ;
political activism of, 191 -193;
professionals on, 174 ;
Proposition 13 benefitted, xiii , 4 , 5 , 20 -21, 23 -25, 47 , 48 , 67 , 101 ;
Republicans as pro-, 23 ;
on tax protest movement, 24 -25, 45 , 48 , 81 , 83 -85, 86 , 189 , 190 -191;
tax rates/ assessments on, 5 , 9 , 10 -12, 14 -16, 17 , 18 , 25 , 86 , 130 , 167 ;
upper middle class communities on, 158 , 159 , 160 , 167
Business, big: anti-, 13 , 25 , 82 , 173 ;
v. homeowners, 108 -109, 110 ;
opinion polls on, 82 -83;
political parties on, 93 , 94 ;
on Proposition 13 , xiii , 172 -173;
v. small, 83 , 109 , 110 , 173 ;
on tax protest movement, 81 -82, 125 , 191 , 192 -193
Business, small/community, 110 -142;
v. big, 83 , 109 , 110 , 173 ;
bounded power of, 41 , 112 , 116 , 117 -121, 142 , 158 ;
on government's role, 160 -161;
on government's unresponsiveness, 112 , 158 ;
grass-roots activism of, 127 , 128 -129;
v. homeowners, on growth, 86 -87, 159 -160;
homeowners ally with, 42 , 129 , 130 -131, 135 , 137 , 138 , 141 -142, 146 , 157 -161, 165 , 166 -167, 169 -170, 174 , 184 , 197 ;
Jarvis leads/ignites, 110 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 ;
land-based, 121 -122, 123 ;
in Massachusetts, 184 , 186 , 187 -188, 191 ;
in politics, 121 , 123 ;
on race, 121 -122;
in San Fernando Valley, 85 , 87 -88;
in San Gabriel Valley, 83 -84, 85 , 86 -87, 112 -115, 116 ;
on secession movement, 165 ;
tax protest not supported by, 8385, 86 , 91 , 116 ;
tax protest supported by, 42 , 81 , 83 , 85 , 112 -115, 121 , 127 , 128 -129, 130 -131, 135 , 137 , 138 , 141 -142, 146 , 157 -161, 165 , 166 -167, 169 -170, 173 , 174 , 184 , 186 , 187 -188, 191 , 197 , 203 ;
upper middle class and, 42
Business Industry Political Action Committee, 192
BUStop, 58 .
See also Antibusing movement
C
California Apartment House Owners Association, 122 , 137
California Association of Realtors, 129
California Business Roundtable, 24 , 169
California Farm Bureau Federation, 125
California Home Builders, 122
California Investment Bankers Association, 125
Californians for Proposition 13 , 172
California Real Estate Association, 122
California State Board of Equalization, 38 , 116 , 209 n.9
California State Chamber of Commerce, 24 , 125
California Taxpayers Association, 24 -25, 82 , 117 , 125
California Tax Reform Association, 19
Campaign contributions, 153 -154
Campos, Pablo, 95 -96
Capitalism, 49 -50
Carman, Richard, 73 , 84 , 87 , 101 -102, 107
Carter, Jimmy, 5
Castells, Manuel, 31
Chambers of commerce, 24 , 25 , 84 , 86 , 87 , 125 , 169
Chance, Don, 2 -3
Chatsworth, 144
Chevron, 21
Christo, James Earle, 129 , 131 , 133 -135
Circuit-breaker, 18 , 181 -182
Citizens' Action Committee (Illinois), 18
Citizens' Action League, 19
Citizens Committee for Fair Taxation, 113 , 114
Citizens for Limited Taxation (Massachusetts), 3 , 183 , 184 , 186 , 188
Citizens for Property Tax Relief, 62 , 110 , 151 , 152 , 172
Civil rights movement, 39 , 43 , 195
Class, 51 ;
coalition, 32 ;
conflicts; 37 -38;
interests, 29 , 31 -32, 34 -35;
working, 31 , 32 .
See also Middle class communities; Upper middle class communities
Close, Richard, 145
Coalition of Homeowners and Renters of Los Angeles County, 90 , 105 -106
Committee Investigating Valley Independence City/County, 164 -165
Community:
affluence of, 203
(see also Middle class communities; Upper middle class communities);
attachment to, 52 , 53 ;
basis of, 59 ;
consumption in, 46 , 53 ;
cooperation between, 167 -168;
in England, 46 ;
formulation of economic policy through, 46 ;
v. government, 34 , 39 , 45 ;
power of, 38 , 39 -40, 106 -107;
tax protest at level of, 45 -46, 53 -54, 66 ,
76 , 106 -107, 197 -198;
tax rate inequalities between, 108
Congress of Industrial Organizations, 194
Connecticut State Taxpayers Association, 189
Conservative Caucus, 244 n.19
Conservatism: of consumers, 66 ;
opinion polls on, 67 , 68 ;
probusiness, 48 -50, 66 -67
Conspiracy theories, 94 -95, 133 , 134
Consumerism/consumption:
antibusing movement as, 57 -60;
community as center of, 46 , 53 ;
as conservative, 66 ;
and ethnic advantage, 58 -59;
government spending for, 53 , 64 -66;
growth regulation as, 44 , 60 -64;
homeownership as, 36 -37, 52 -53;
preservation of, 36 , 48 , 50 , 53 , 58 , 59 , 196 ;
salary tied to, 51 ;
as tax protest motive, xii , xiii , 28 , 36 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 54 -57, 66 , 196
Converse, Philip, 68
Corporatism, 44 , 194 -195, 196 , 197
Covina, 9 , 85 , 113 , 157
Covina Valley Realty Board, 117
Crown, Harry, 129 , 130 -131
Culver City, 104
Curb, Mike, 24
D
Dahl, Robert, 30 , 39
Davidson, James, 191
Davis, Ed, 22
Debray, Regis, 100
Demand side, 49
Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee, 97
Democrats, Reagan, 5
Democracy, participatory, 97
Deregulation, 49
Deukmejian, George, 23
Developers, 60 -63, 86 -87, 119 , 159 , 179 -180.
See also Growth
Dollars and Sense,189
Dorchester (Massachusetts) Community Action Committee, 178 -179, 180
Dukakis, Michael, 181 -182
Dynda, Ernest, 167
E
East San Gabriel Valley Taxpayers League, 113 , 114
Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, 5 , 191
Educators, on Proposition 13 , 45
Elkins, Virgil, 170
El Segundo Taxpayers Association, 89 -90, 107
Encino, 144
Encino Homeowners Association, 63
England, 46
Entertainment industry, 112
Equity movements, 18 -19
Ethnic:
advantage, 34 , 58 -59;
allocation, 59 -60
F
Farmer, Howard, 95 , 98 -99, 103 , 107
Federal Reserve Board, 49
Feminist movement, 196
Fiedler, Bobbi, 58
Filene, Lincoln, 51 , 52
Flintridge, 173
Florida, 64
Foothill Property Taxpayers Association, 142
Ford, Henry, 51 , 52
Formal cooptation, 117
Foster, Helmut and Carmen, 55 , 56
Frank, Steve, 165 -166, 172
Fresno, 171
Friedman, Milton, 48 , 49
Friedman, Rose, 49
Fundamentalism, 93
G
Gann, Paul, 1 , 21 , 157 , 171 , 241 n.64
Gans, Herbert, 75
Gilder, George, 49
Gilman, Irving, 87 , 96 -97, 104
Glendale, 104 , 138 , 171 -172
Glendora, 9 , 113
Gouldher, Alvin, 174 -175
Government:
big, 45 , 72 , 189 ;
confidence in, 80 ;
feelings against, 45 , 65 , 72 , 93 , 95 , 97 , 136 , 189 ;
in Massachusetts, 3 , 181 -182, 183 ;
in Michigan, 81 ;
regulations, 49 , 192 ;
role of, 36 , 109 , 160 -161;
services, 53 , 64 -66;
small business on, 112 , 158 ;
spending, 6 , 48 , 49 , 53 ;
unresponsive, xi , xii , xiii , xiv , 3 , 19 , 20 , 28 , 30 , 38 -39, 41 , 42 , 64 -65, 72 -81, 91 , 93 , 94 , 97 , 107 , 108 , 112 , 116 -117, 118 , 132 , 145 -146, 147 -151, 154 , 158 , 181 -182, 183 , 203
W. R. Grace and Company, 192
Gramm-Latta bill, 191
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings act, 191
Grass-roots activism, xi , 1 -2, 22 , 23 , 24 , 127 , 128 -129, 158 , 172
Greater Detroit (Michigan) Homeowners Council, 122
Growth:
conservatives on, 48 ;
commercial business v. homeowners over, 86 -87, 159 -160;
homeowners v. developers over, 37 , 42 , 44 , 60 -64, 75 , 86 -87, 88 , 119 , 146 -147, 159 -160;
in Palos Vetdes, 60 -63, 159 ;
regulated, 44 , 60 -64;
in San Fernando Valley, 63 , 87 -88, 159 ;
in San Gabriel Valley, 86 -87;
and tax protest
movement, 60 , 62 , 64 ;
in West Covina, 119
Gruhn, Robert S., 63
H
Hankins, Ed, 131
Hartz, Louis, 109 , 110
Hayakawa, S. I., 23
Hayes, James, 23 , 149
Headlee, Richard, 4
Headlee Amendment (Michigan), 4 , 177 , 191
Hesse, Fred, 62
Hiatt, John, 118
Hill, Leah, 144 -145
Hillside and Canyon Association, 54
Hillside Federation, 146
Homeowners/homeownership:
v. business, 7 , 86 -88, 108 -109, 110 ;
v. chambers of commerce, 86 , 87 ;
and commercial businesses, 42 , 129 , 130 -131, 135 , 137 , 138 , 141 -142, 146 , 157 -161, 165 , 166 -167, 169 -170, 174 , 184 , 197 ;
as consumers, 36 -37, 52 -53, 55 -57;
costs of, 52 ;
growth opposed by, 37 , 42 , 44 , 60 -64, 75 , 86 -87, 88 , 108 , 119 , 146 -147, 159 -160, 179 -180;
and probusiness conservatives, 50 , 66 -67;
tax protests by, 34 , 37 , 42 , 53 -54, 86 , 129
(see also Middle class communities; Upper middle class communities);
unequally assessed, 5 , 9 , 10 -12, 14 -16, 17 , 18 , 86 , 130 , 167
Homeowner's exemption, 15 , 17 -18, 134 , 182
Homeowners Under Rapacious Taxation (HURT), 142 , 167
Hon, Dan, 166
Housing, open, 121 -122
Hunter, John, 193
Huntington, Samuel, 91
Hutton, Bill, 101
I
Idaho, tax protest in, 1 , 2 -3
Idaho Property Owners Association, 3
Illinois, tax protest in, 3 , 18
Income:
decline in, 51 ;
tax, 1 -2, 6 , 20
Individualism, 216 n.31
Inflation, 5 , 12 -13
Inglehart, Ronald, 174 , 175 , 176
Initiative:
on auto insurance, 198 ;
business opposes, 125 ;
Carman's, 107 ;
government hinders, 79 ;
on housing, 122 ;
Jarvis uses, 20 , 21 , 22 , 26 , 135 , 137 , 138 -139
(see also Proposition 13);
in Massachusetts, 182 -183;
in Michigan, 4 , 122 ;
tax-breaker, 182 -183;
on tax-exempt properties, 135 , 137 ;
upper middle class favors, 155 -156;
Watson's, 2 , 124 -125, 127 , 172
Insurance companies, 134
Internal Revenue Service, 6 , 190
Interpretive tradition, 40 -41, 215 n.27
Interviews, 204 -206
Irvine Company, 125
Italy, 31
J
Jarvis, Howard, xi , xiii , 1 , 76 , 131 ;
American Tax Reduction Movement of, 177 ;
in antibusing movement, 58 ;
as antiestablishment, 135 ;
as anti-government, 65 , 136 ;
coalition forged by, 110 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 ;
initiatives of, 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 135 , 137 , 138 -139;
as lobbyist, 105 , 137 , 138 , 172 ;
middle class communities join, 101 -108;
militancy of, 102 , 104 -105;
as probusiness, 86 , 135 -136;
Proposition 13 and, 4 -5, 100 -101, 129 , 169 ;
Reagan endorsed, 23 ;
renters ignored by, 97 ;
support for, 101 , 102 , 105 ;
on tax strikes, 105 , 138 ;
United Organizations of Taxpayers and, 105 , 106 , 129 , 133 , 138 , 169 ;
upper middle class on, 157
Jett, Art, 114 , 117 , 118 -120, 121
Justice, Amelia, 122
K
Kaagan, Larry, 81
Katznelson, Ira, 34 -35
Kay, Bruce, 104
Kemp, Jack, 49
Kemp-Roth bill, 177 , 198
Keynesians, 49
King, Edward F., 184 -187
Klein, Tom, 76
Knights of Labor, 194
Know-Nothing American Party, 32
Knox, John, 11
Ku Klux Klan, 33
L
La Canada, 142 , 173
Laguna Hills, 170
League of California Citizens, 151
Lee, James K., 152 , 154 -155
Left: on big government, 97 ;
as postmaterialist, 174 ;
on Proposition 13 , 105 -106;
and tax protest, 96 -98
Legg, Herbert C., 116 -117
Libertarianism, 95 -96
Libertarian Party, 157
Lipset, Seymour Martin, 32 , 33 -34
Lobbying, 24 , 145
London Corresponding Society, 46
Los Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce, 25
Los Angeles City Council, 103 , 117
Los Angeles County:
assessments rise in, 8 -9, 10 , 13 -14;
tax protests in, 14 , 76
(see also Middle class communities;
Upper class communities);
tax rates in, 8 -9, 10 , 13 -14, 164
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, 39 , 116 , 117 ;
investigate assessments, 14 -15;
as unresponsive, 71 , 73 , 76 , 132 , 149
Los Angeles County Citizens for Fair Taxation, 114
Los Angeles County Tax Protest Association, 104
Los Angeles Times,95
Louisiana, 18
Low-income tax relief, 18 , 19 , 20 , 87 , 158
M
McAdam, Doug, 43
McCarthy, John D., 44
Macco Realty, 125
McDonald, James A., 136 -137
Magdison, Leona, 131 , 133
Malibu-Topanga area, 10
Manhattan Beach, 142 , 147 , 157 -158, 167
Mannheim, Karl, 215 n. 27
Market price, affects assessment, 7 , 15 , 16
Marx, Karl, 8 , 57 , 178 , 196
Massachusetts: antibusing movement in, 58 -59, 179 ;
assessments in, 17 , 178 , 179 , 181 ;
circuit breaker in, 181 -182;
classification in, 182 ;
Dorchester, 178 -179, 180 , 181 ;
government unresponsive in, 3 , 181 -182, 183 ;
homeowners v. developers in, 179 -180;
homeowner's exemption in, 182 ;
initiative in, 182 -183
(see also Proposition 2 1/2);
middle class communities in, 184 ;
Question 1 in, 182 ;
small businesses in, 184 , 186 , 187 -188, 191 ;
Somerville, 179 -180;
split roll in, 182 ;
tax-breaker in, 182 -183;
tax increases in, 178 , 182 ;
tax protest in, 3 , 29 , 58 -59, 178 -188, 191
Massachusetts Fair Share, 180 , 181 -183
Massachusetts High Technology Council, 4 , 187 -188
Massachusetts Taxpayers Foundation, 186 , 188
Materialism, 174 , 175
Matsin, Philip, 190
Media:
on Proposition 13 , 45 ;
tax protest events covered by, 21 , 201 -203
Michels, Roberto, 44
Michigan:
circuit breaker in, 18 ;
government unresponsive in, 81 ;
Headlee amendment in, 4 , 177 , 191 ;
housing in, 122 ;
income tax in, 1 -2;
initiative in, 4 , 122 ;
recall in, 190 ;
tax protest in, 1 , 4 , 29 , 81 , 190 , 191 ;
tax rates in, 18
Middle class communities, 70 -110, 116 ;
affluence index in, 107 ;
as antibusiness, 81 -83, 101 ;
community businesses did not support, 81 , 83 -85, 86 , 91 ;
on conspiracy theories, 94 -95;
declining, 51 ;
and fundamentalism, 93 ;
government unresponsive to, 30 , 41 , 72 -81, 91 , 108 , 112 , 117 , 118 ;
hurdles for, 92 -93;
join Jarvis, 101 -108;
lack leadership, 106 -107;
and leftist politics, 96 -98;
limited resources of, 41 ;
local politicians and, 76 ;
in Massachusetts, 184 ;
militancy of, 41 , 103 -104, 105 , 155 ;
power of, 30 ;
realtors and, 83 -84;
and right-wing politics, 93 , 94 -95, 96 ;
taxes hit hardest, 102 -103;
tax strike by, 104 ;
in San Fernando Valley, 142 ;
v. upper middle class, 37 , 154 -155;
join upper middle class, 142 , 154 , 184 ;
and unions, 31 , 32 , 98 -100.
See also Alhambra; San Gabriel Valley
Militancy: Jarvis's, 102 , 104 -105;
of middle class communities, 41 , 103 -104, 105 , 155 ;
in tax protest, 41 , 103 -105, 129 , 145 , 155 , 180
Miller, Howard, 58
Mills, C. Wright, 37 , 112 , 197
Minnesota, 2 , 18
Mobil Oil, 192
Monetarism, 48 , 49
Monterey Park, 75 , 87 , 104
Monterey Park Taxpayers Association, 87 , 106 -107
Mulholland, William, 164
Myers, Houston, 93 -94
N
Nader, Ralph, 51 , 52 , 198
National Association of Real Estate Brokers, 122
National Labor Relations Board, 194
National Recovery Administration, 194
National Tax Limitation Committee, 67 , 177 , 193
National Taxpayers Union, 177 , 188 -189, 190 -191, 193
National Taxpayers United of Illinois, 3
Nativistic organizations, 32 -33
Nehmans, J. Raymond, 114
Network, 3
Nevada, 1
J. J. Newberry Company, 14
New class theory, 174 -175, 176
New Deal, 109
Newhall Land and Farming Company, 125 , 127
New Jersey, 189
New York, 189
Newport Beach, 170
New-right groups, 189
Newsweek, 1
No on 13 campaign, 25 , 45 , 173
Noorda, Glen and Marilyn, 55 , 57
North Dakota, 20
North Hollywood Homeowners Association, 88 , 107
Northridge, 14 , 144 , 158
O
O'Connor, James, 53
Ohio, 16 , 18 , 65 -66
Ohio Public Interest Campaign, 18
Opinion polls, 16 ;
on big business, 82 -83;
on busing, 58 ;
on conservatives, 67 , 68 ;
on government, 65 , 80 , 81 ;
on tax protest, 67 Orange County, 13 , 67 -68, 170 -171
Orange County Board of Realtors, 171
Oregon, 2 , 18 , 189 -190
Oregon Taxpayers United, 190
P
Pacific Business,24
Palos Verdes Estates, 157 , 164
Palos Verdes peninsula:
affluence index in, 157 ;
assessments in, 157 ;
growth fought in, 60 , 61 -62, 63 , 159 ;
taxes increase in, 157 ;
tax protest in, 60 , 62 , 110 , 151 , 152 , 158 , 162 , 163 , 172
Parker, Fess, 113
Peace and Freedom Party, 94
Peterson, Paul, 35
Petris, Nicholas, 11 , 19
Phillips, Howard, 244 n.19
Phillips, Ray, 189 -190
Pink, Sidney, 112 -113, 114 , 138
Pixley, William, 117
Pluralism, 29
Poindexter, Thomas, 122
Political action committees, 191
Political machines, 35 , 38
Political parties, 35 , 45 , 93 , 94 , 157 .
See also Left; Right-wing movements
Politics:
business in, 121 -123, 191 -193;
status, 32 -35;
in suburbs, 35 -38
Populism, 1 , 2 -3, 194
Postcorporatism, 195 , 196 , 197 -199
Postmaterialism, 174
Poulson, Jean, 235 -236 n. 34
Power:
bounded, 41 , 112 , 116 , 117 -121, 142 , 158 ;
elite, 39
Preservation movements, 36 , 41 , 48 , 50 , 53 , 58 , 59 , 196
Professionals, 174 -176
Progressive movement, 6 , 32 , 109 , 195
Property:
government protects, 36 , 109 , 160 -161;
rights of, 56 , 109 ;
tax (see Tax protest)
Property and Homeowners of San Gabriel Valley, 71 , 93
Proposition 1 , 4 -5
Proposition 2 1/2 (Massachusetts), 2 , 3 , 4 , 177 , 178 , 183 -188, 198 ;
provisions of, 183 ;
opposition to, 183 , 186 , 188 ;
support for, 184 -185, 186 , 187 -188;
vote on, 16
Proposition 8 , 20 , 106
Proposition 9 , 124 -125
Proposition 13 , xi ;
apartment owners on, 172 ;
as best alternative/only game in town, 101 , 106 ;
businesses on, xiii , 24 -25, 82 , 158 , 172 -173, 174 ;
educators on, 45 ;
government leaders on, 23 ;
as grassroots movement, 22 , 23 , 28 , 29 , 66 , 158 , 172 ;
homeowners on, 16 , 53 -54, 66 , 158 , 170 , 172 , 174 ;
influence of, 1 -2, 4 , 17 , 45 , 177 -178, 189 ;
as initiative, 20 , 26 ;
Jarvis and, 4 -5, 100 -101, 129 , 169 ;
left on, 105 -106;
media on, 45 ;
NTU on, 188 -189;
northern California on, 171 ;
opposition to, 23 , 24 -25, 45 , 82 , 172 -173;
Orange County on, 170 -171;
petitions for, 4 -5, 20 , 21 , 54 , 100 -101, 129 , 167 , 170 , 171 ;
precursors of, 30 -31;
as probusiness, xiii , 4 , 5 , 20 -21, 23 -25, 47 , 48 , 67 , 101 , 158 ;
as product of constraints, 27 ;
as product of consumerism, 28 ;
professionals on, 174 ;
Proposition 8 as rival of, 106 ;
provisions of, xiii , 1 , 4 , 5 , 14 -15, 17 , 20 -21, 23 , 24 , 29 , 47 , 48 , 67 , 88 -89, 101 , 158 , 176 , 207 n.1;
realtors on, 170 , 171 , 173 ,
as redistributive, xiii , 20 -21, 29 , 30 , 174 ;
Republicans on, 23 -24;
rollback in, 14 , 176 ;
support for, 25 , 101 -102, 105 -106, 170 -171, 172 , 173 , 174 , 188 -189;
tax equity dropped from, 29 ;
in tradition of Revolution, 76 ;
UO and, 129 , 169 ;
utilities on, 24 , 25 , 45 ;
vote for, 16 , 17 , 173
Proposition 14 , 121 -122
Putnam, George, 113
Przeworski, Adam, 214 n.19, 218 n.45
Q
Quinn, John R., 9. 117 , 148
R
Raab, Earl, 32 , 33 -34
Racism, 58 , 59 , 121 -122
Rancho Palos Verdes, 62 , 63 , 148 -150, 164
Reagan, Ronald, 4 -5, 23 , 48 , 110 , 191
Realtors, 122 , 129 ;
don't support middle class effort, 83 -84;
political power of,
128 -129;
in tax protest, 114 , 133 , 142 , 170 , 171 , 173 , 187
Recall, 190
Redistribution, 196 ;
class interest in, 31 -32;
downward, 18 -19, 29 , 30 , 86 , 178 , 182 ;
government spending affects, 6 ;
political processes affect, 44 ;
social movements for, 27 , 28 ;
tax policy affects, 18 -19, 29 , 182 ;
tax protest for, xiii , 4 , 6 -7, 20 -21, 28 -30, 86 , 174 ;
upper middle class wants, 162 -163, 174 ;
upward, 4 , 20 -21
Redondo Beach, 14
Regan, Mike, 181
Renewal, urban, 108 ;
in Monterey Park, 75 , 87 ;
in San Gabriel Valley, 86 -87
Rentors, 97 ;
Proposition 13
did not help, 20 , 101 , 158 ;
tax relief for, 2 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 87 , 158
Republicans, 23 -24, 36
Reynolds, Charles, 137
Right-wing movements, 32 , 33 -34, 93 , 94 -95, 96 , 189
Robinson and Company, 125
Rolling Hills, 157
Roosevelt, F. D., 194
Roumiguiere, Robert, 128 -129
Rubin, Milton, 129 , 131 -133
Rubino, Michael, 71 -72, 73 , 74 , 76 , 83 -84, 86 , 93 , 101 , 107 , 108 , 131 , 138
Rumford Act, 122 , 131
Ryan, Robert, 62
S
San Fernando, 165
San Fernando Valley;
affluence index in, 151 -152, 157 ;
antibusing movement in, 57 , 58 , 60 ;
assessments in, 144 ;
growth fought in, 63 , 87 -88, 159 ;
as middle class, 142
(see also Middle class communities);
secession movement in, 164 -165;
tax protest in 53 -54, 64 -65, 142 , 144 -146, 172 .
See also Sherman Oaks; Tarzana; Woodland Hills
San Fernando Valley Apartment Owners Association, 131
San Fernando Valley Board of Realtors, 169
San Fernando Valley Property Owners' Association, 130
San Francisco, 10 -12
San Gabriel Taxpayers Association, 74
San Gabriel Valley;
affluence index in, 107 , 113 ;
assessments in, 9 ;
fundamentalism in, 93 ;
government unresponsive in, 73 -75, 79 , 112 , 117 , 118 ;
growth fought in, 86 -87;
small business in, 86 -87; 112 -113;
tax protest in, 73 -75, 79 , 112 -115, 116 , 117 , 118 .
See also Alhambra; Covina;
Monterey Park;
West Covina
San Marino, 13
Santa Barbara, 233 -234 n. 16
Santa Clarita Valley, 166
Santa Monica Homeowners Association, 169
Save Our Coastline (SOC), 61 -62, 63 , 159
Schmitz, John N., 95
School taxes, 9 , 74
Secession movement, 146 , 149 , 157 -158, 164 -168
Selznick, Philip, 218 n. 43
Senior citizens, tax relief for, 18 , 20 , 86
Serotkin, David, 190
Service Employees International Union, 19
Sherman Oaks:
affluence index in, 157 ;
small businesses in, 85 ;
tax protest in, 55 , 85 , 144 , 145 , 158 , 170
Sherman Oaks Homeowners Association, 55 , 108 , 145 , 151 , 159 , 170
Socialism, 32
Social movements: bureaucratize, 44 -45;
changing beliefs/goals of, 41 , 43 -45;
class interests in, 27 , 32 -34;
as interactive, 40 -43, 44 ;
and local environment, 40 , 41 ;
motives in, 7 -8;
as redistributive, 27 , 28 ;
status-oriented, 32 -34;
studies of, 43 -44;
tax protest as/ as not, 2 , 8 , 34
Somerville (Massachusetts) United Neighborhoods (SUN), 179 -180
South Bay, 166 , 167 .
See also Manhattan Beach
South Bay Board of Realtors, 142
Southern California Edison, 21 , 25
Southern Farmers' Alliance, 194
Spain, 31
Split roll, 17 , 89 , 106 , 182
State legislature, 19 -20
Steiner, Mick, 190
Stockman, David, 49
Studio City, 14
Suburbs:
politics in, 35 -38;
tax protest in, 27 -28, 35 , 43 ,
(see also Middle class communities; Upper middle class communities)
Supply side, 48 , 49
Switzler, Royall L., 183
T
Tarzana, 146 -147
Tarzana Property Owners Association, 63 , 65 , 147
Tax: advantage, 48 , 134 , 167 ;
bureaucracy, 12 -13;
on business, 5 , 9 , 10 -12, 14 -16, 17 , 18 , 25 , 86 , 130 , 167 ;
equity, 18 -19,
29 -30;
on homes (see Tax protest);
in Illinois, 3 , 18 ;
income, 2 , 6 , 20 ;
property (see Tax protest);
as redistributive, 18 -19, 29 , 182 ;
reduced, 2 , 3 , 18 , 167 , 241 n.64;
reform, 35 , 38 ;
relief, xiii , 15 , 17 -18, 20 , 30 , 86 , 87 , 97 , 134 , 181 -183;
school, 9 , 74 ;
in Texas, 20 ;
as visible, 16
Tax Equity for America, 19
Tax Justice Act of 1977, 87
Taxpayers Association of Bellflower, 133
Taxpayers Committee for Lower Property Taxes, 76
Taxpayers' Congress, 151
Taxpayers School Reform Committee, 58
Taxpayers United for Freedom (TUFF), 108 , 145 , 157
Taxpayers Watchdog, 169 -170
Tax protest, xiv ;
agenda/aims of, 28 , 29 -30, 34 , 79 , 81 ;
alternatives to, 30 ;
and antibusing movement, 57 -58, 59 , 60 ;
as anticorporatist, 197 ;
balanced budget amendment and, 177 , 188 , 189 , 191 , 193 ;
business on, 24 -25, 45 , 48 , 81 -82, 83 -85, 86 , 125 , 189 , 190 -191, 192 -193;
communities cooperate in, 167 -168;
as community-level activity, 2 -3, 35 , 45 -46, 48 , 53 -54, 66 , 76 , 106 -107, 197 -198;
compared to other movements, 32 ;
in Connecticut, 189 ;
consumption as motive for, xii , xiii , 28 , 36 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 54 -57, 66 , 196 ;
decentralized, 33 , 45 ;
events, 21 , 76 -78, 201 -203;
on government, 41 , 72 , 97 , 189 ;
as grass-roots movement, xi , 1 -2, 3 , 22 , 23 , 34 , 127 , 128 -129, 158 , 172 , 194 ;
and growthlimit movement, 60 , 62 , 64 ;
in Idaho, 1 , 2 -3;
in Illinois, 3 , 18 ;
inequalities from, 196 -197;
in Los Angeles County, 60 , 62 , 79 , 89 -90, 97 -98, 104 , 107 , 110 , 133 , 138 , 142 , 147 , 148 -150, 151 , 152 , 157 -158, 162 , 163 , 167 , 171 -172;
in Massachusetts, 3 , 29 , 58 -59, 178 -188, 191 ;
media on, 21 , 201 -203;
in Michigan, 1 , 4 , 29 , 81 , 190 , 191 ;
as militant, 41 , 102 , 103 -104, 105 , 129 , 145 , 155 , 180 ;
as multiclass coalition, 31 , 32 , 34
(see also Middle class communities; Upper middle class communities);
national, 1 -2, 47 , 177 , 188 -193;
in New Jersey, 189 ;
in New York, 189 ;
non-decisions in, 29 -30;
as not conservatism, 67 ;
opposition to, 81 -82, 83 -85, 86 , 91 , 116 ;
in Oregon, 189 -190;
as postcorporatist, 195 , 196 , 197 -198;
pre-Proposition 13 , 21 -22;
as preservation movements, 28 , 36 , 41 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 54 -57, 66 , 196 ;
probusiness program of, 110 ;
professionals in, 174 , 176 ;
realtors in, 114 , 133 , 142 , 170 , 171 , 173 , 187 ;
as redistributive, xiii , 4 , 6 -7, 20 -21, 28 -30, 86 , 174 ;
renters in, 97 ;
Republicans on, 23 -24;
in San Fernando Valley, 53 -54, 55 , 64 -65, 85 , 142 , 144 -146, 158 , 170 , 172 ;
in San Gabriel Valley, 71 -72, 73 -75, 79 , 83 -84, 85 , 86 -87, 112 -115, 116 , 117 , 118 ;
secession movement and, 157 -158, 164 -168;
small business does not support, 83 -85, 86 , 91 , 116 ;
small business in, 42 , 81 , 83 , 85 , 112 -115, 121 , 127 , 128 -129, 130 -131, 135 , 137 , 138 , 141 -142, 146 , 157 -161, 165 , 166 -167, 169 -170, 173 , 174 , 184 , 186 , 187 -188, 191 , 197 , 203 ;
as/as not social movement, 2 , 8 , 34 ;
strike in, 3 , 21 , 104 , 105 , 132 , 138 , 145 , 155 ;
studies on, 29 , 40 -43;
as suburban, 27 -28, 35 , 43 ;
unions and, 98 -100
Tax Rebellion Committee of Los Angeles County, 95
Temperance movement, 32 , 33
Temple City, 85 , 113
Texas, 20
Thompson, Edward P., 46 , 216 -217 n.34
Tilly, Charles, 44 , 227 -228 n. 22
Tobin, James, 3
Toluca Lake, 14
Torrance, 14
Trenham, Bradford, 117
U
Udall, James, 127
Uhler, Lewis K., 67 , 193
Unions, 31 , 32 , 51 , 98 -100, 194
United Auto Workers, 99
United Organizations of Taxpayers (UO), 45 , 110 , 132 , 134 -135, 142 ;
Jarvis and, 105 , 106 , 129 , 133 , 138 , 169 ;
realtors in, 133
United Taxpayers of New Jersey, 189
United Taxpayers of New York State, 189
United Voters League, 99 , 188
Upper middle class communities, 107 , 108 , 141 -142, 144 -176;
v. community businesses, 86 -87, 159 -160;
and community businesses, 42 , 157 -161, 165 , 166 -167, 169 -170, 174 ;
frustrated advantage of, 42 , 154 , 158 ;
government response to, 42 , 145 -146, 147 -151, 154 , 158 ;
on growth, 42 , 86 -87, 146 -147, 159 -160;
on initiatives, 155 -156;
on Jarvis, 157 ;
lack access to power, 153 -154;
leadership of, 152 , 155 ;
in Massachusetts, 184 ;
v. middle class communities, 37 , 154 -155;
middle class communities join, 142 , 154 , 184 ;
on militancy, 145 , 155 ;
as probusiness, 158 , 159 , 160 , 167 ;
redistri-
bution as goal of, 162 -163, 174 ;
in San Fernando Valley, 63 , 142 , 144 -146;
in secession movement, 157 -158, 164 -167;
tactics of, 156 -157.
See also Palos Vetdes;
Sherman Oaks
Utilities, 24 , 25 , 45
V
Van Nuys, 85
Veblen, Thorstein, 59
Venice, 14 ;
tax protest in, 79 , 90 , 97 -98, 105 -106
Vermont, 64
Vermont Tax Limitation Committee, 193
Viguerie, Richard A., 193
VISTA, 180
W
Walker, Jim, 142 , 157 -158, 166 , 167
Ware, Jimmy, 24
Water rights, 164
Watson, Philip, 10 , 12 , 13 , 90 , 123 -128, 130 , 131 , 163 ;
corruption charges against, 14 , 15 ;
initiatives of, 2 , 22 , 124 -125, 127 , 172
Weber, Max, 13 , 34 , 59 , 196
Weingart, Ben, 127
Weintraub, Roberta, 58
West Covina, 112 -121;
affluence index in, 113 , 157 ;
assessments in, 9 ;
community businesses in, 113 -115;
growth fought in, 119 ;
tax protest in, 112 -115, 116 , 117 , 118 ;
town management in, 118 -121
West Covina Citizens Committee for Fair Taxation, 114 , 116 , 117
West Covina Homeowners Federation, 119
White, Kevin, 178 , 182
Wisconsin, 2 , 15 -16, 18
Wobblies, 194
Wolden, Russell, 11 , 15
Woodland Hills, 142 , 158
Y
Yankelovich, Daniel, 81
Yes on 13 , 25 , 172 , 173
Yocum, Norma, 74
Younger, Evelle, 211 n.23
Z
Zaid, Mayer N., 44
Zoning, 146 -147
Designer: U.C. Press Staff
Compositor: Huron Valley Graphics
Text: 10/12 Times Roman
Display: Helvetica
Printer: Haddon Craftsmen
Binder: Haddon Craftsmen