INDEX
A
Abendroth, Wolfgang, 39 , 41
Ackermann, Nathan, 136
Addison, Joseph, 127
Adler, Mortimer, 72
Adorno, Gretel, 207 , 211 , 212 , 218
Adorno, Theodor W., 4 -5, 9 , 11 , 25 , 46 n. 8, 58 , 69 , 72 , 75 , 81 , 124 , 125 , 129 , 139 , 140 , 156 , 224 , 240 , 244 , 245 , 253 , 254 ;
on art, 121 , 123 , 128 , 168 , 171 , 186 -87, 196 -97, 252 ;
and Benjamin, 67 , 68 , 183 -84, 204 , 206 , 218 -19;
on Critical Theory, 215 ;
on cult of personality, 188 , 189 ;
on culture industry, 185 -88, 189 , 195 -96;
and emigration from Germany, 204 , 208 ;
and Flaschenpost metaphor, 63 , 66 , 148 , 210 n. 4, 237 , 241 ;
on Hegel's system, 184 ;
and Kracauer, 184 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 ;
on Lowenthal's study of popular biography, 188 , 214 -15;
and postwar Germany, 2 , 189 -90, 195 , 212 -14;
on progress, 242 ;
on Schönberg, 210 -11;
on Sibelius, 72 -73, 130 , 185 ;
as specialist in music, 71 , 72 , 120 , 183 , 192 , 197 -98, 208 , 210 -11;
on Wagner, 167 , 183
—Works:
"Culture and Administration," 194 ;
"Culture Industry Reconsidered," 193 , 195 -96;
Dialectic of Enlightenment , 77,109 , 183 , 185 , 186 , 195 , 208 , 211 , 252 -53;
"The Fetish-Character in Music and the Regression of Hearing," 122 ;
"Fragments on Richard Wagner," 183 ;
Introduction to the Sociology of Music , 197 ;
"Reflections from Damaged Life," 190 .
See also Authoritarian Personality, The
Advisory Board for Jewish Refugees from Eastern Europe (Beratungsstelle für Ostjüdische Flüchtlinge), 20 , 22 -23, 203
Africa, U.S. policy toward, 91 , 92
Alcan Press (Paris), 56 , 57 , 74
Alternative , 68
American Jewish Committee, 89 , 135 , 137
American Jewish Labor Committee, 82
American Journal of Sociology , 135
Americans for Democratic Action, 158
Anti-Semitism, 78 , 102 -3, 185 , 186 ;
in America, 30 -31, 32 , 89 , 97 -98, 136 ;
in Eastern Europe, 22 ;
in Germany, 27 -29, 30 , 31 -32, 45 , 259 -60, 267 ;
history of, 32 ;
and stereotypes of Jews, 23 , 32 -33, 37 , 102 ;
studies
on, 82 , 89 , 135 -36, 211
Archiv für die Geschichte des Sozialismus und der Arbeiterbewegung (Archive for the History of Socialism and the Workers' Movement), 63
Arendt, Hannah, 68 , 219
Aron, Raymond, 55
Art, 253 ;
as creative protest, 13 , 124 -25, 171 -73, 258 ;
and fascism, 123 , 124 ;
and ideology, 168 , 171 , 196 ;
and leisure, 125 -26;
and marginality, 170 -74;
and mass culture, 10 , 13 , 122 -28, 138 , 167 -68, 176 -77, 186 -88, 240 , 251 -57;
and society, 121 -28;
and utopianism, 122 -23, 128 , 172 , 173 , 196 .
See also Literary reception; Literature; Mass culture
Assimilationism, Jewish, 19 , 203 , 223
Austria, 26 , 100 -101
Authoritarian Personality, The (Adorno et al.), 136 -37, 139 , 185 , 211
Authority, research on, 70 , 73 . See also Authoritarian Personality, The; Studien über Autorität und Familie
B
Baader, Franz von, 13 , 113 , 118 , 204 , 220
Balzac, Honoré de, 44 , 168
Bamberger, Ludwig, 33
Barbusse, Henri, 34
Baudelaire, Charles, 218 , 219 , 227
Baumgart, David, 220
Bavaria, 28 , 74
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 210 , 254
Bendix, Reinhard, 144
Benedict, Ruth, 82
Benjamin, Walter, 25 , 50 , 111 , 118 , 121 , 148 , 156 , 197 , 206 , 247 , 266 ;
and Adorno, 67 , 68 , 183 -84, 204 , 206 , 218 -19;
on art and fascism, 123 , 124 ;
describes history as written by victors, 118 , 125 , 228 , 258 ;
and emigration from Germany, 224 -25;
in France, 224 , 225 ;
and Frankfurter Zeitung , 224 , 226 ;
and Institute of Social Research (Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung ), 67 -69, 150 , 209 , 217 -19, 222 , 224 -25;
and Judaism, 229 , 232 -33, 244 , 245 ;
on Lowenthal's literary reception study, 221 -22;
and marginality, 227 ;
and messianism, 223 , 229 , 231 -32, 233 , 244 , 245 ;
and neo-Kantianism, 223 , 231 -32;
and role of intellectuals, 224 , 225 -26, 227 , 230 , 231 ;
and surrealism, 216 , 217 , 225
—Works:
Arcades Project, 218 , 224 ;
A Berlin Childhood Around Nineteen Hundred , 223 ;
"Books That Have Stayed Alive," 232 ;
"Goethe's Elective Affinities " (Goethes Wahlver-wandtschaften ), 205 , 207 , 226 , 266 ;
"Karl Kraus," 228 ;
"Left Melancholy," 226 , 227 ;
Liter-aturgeschichte und Literatur-wissenschaft," 220 ;
"On Art in the Era of Its Technical Reproducibility," 122 ;
"On the Concept of History," 229 -30, 231 ;
"On the Current Social Position of the French Author," 225 -26;
"The Paris of the Second Empire in Baudelaire," 218 ;
"Some Motifs in Baudelaire," 219 ;
"Storyteller," 219 ;
"Theses on the Philosophy of History," 220 , 233 ;
"Work of Art," 219
Berg, Alban, 211 , 253
Berkeley. See University of California, Berkeley
Bettelheim, Bruno, 135 , 136
Beveridge, William, 55
Bildungspolitik , 249
Biography, popular, 130 -33, 140 , 178 -80, 188
Bitburg, 2 , 3 , 4 , 267 . See also Germany, Federal Republic of: attitude of, toward World War II and Holocaust
Bloch, Ernst, 47 , 49 , 50 , 204 , 219 , 232 , 244 , 245 , 250 -51, 266 ;
and Critical Theory, 7 ;
and Soviet Union, 66
Blomster, W. V., 191 -92
Böhm, Franz, 102 -3
Böll, Heinrich, 258 , 259
Book clubs, 198 -99, 253 -54, 257 ;
and mass culture, 175 -77
Bouglé, Celestin, 56
Brandes, Georg, 118 , 165
Brecht, Bertolt, 102 , 191
Brill, Hans, 57
Buber, Martin, 20 , 21 , 112 , 219 , 232
Buckley, William F., 87 -88
Bukharin, Nikolai, 65
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 119
C
Cambodia, invasion of, 152 , 153
Campanella, Tommaso, 115
Carneri, Bartholomäus von, 18 , 43
Center for Advanced Studies, Stanford University, 86 , 138
Central Association of German Citizens of Jewish Faith (Zentralverein Deutscher Staatsbürger Jüdischen Glaubens), 19 , 113
Cervantes, Miguel de, 125 , 171 -72, 174 , 248
China, 25 , 113 , 114 ;
People's Republic of, 92 , 96
Christianity, 245 ;
and view of history, 244
Civil rights struggles, 151 , 153
Class consciousness:
European, contrasted with American, 98 -100;
and literature, 117 , 119 , 120
Cohen, Elliot, 135
Cohen, Hermann, 18 -19, 21 , 47 , 111 , 115 , 223 , 232
Cohn, Roy, 87 , 90
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 127 , 199 -200
Collier's, 132
Columbia University, 57 , 66 , 89 , 134 , 135
Commentary , 134 , 135
Committee on Un-American Activities, 94 , 151 . See also McCarthyism
Communism, and communist movement:
and art, 124 ;
contrasted to fascism, 66 -67;
criticism of, 42 , 241 ;
disillusionment with, 30 , 38 -39, 61 , 66 -67, 114 , 231 , 241 -42;
sympathy for, 35 , 88 -89 ;
in U.S., 39 .
See also German Communist Party; Marxism; Soviet Union
Corneille, Pierre, 116 , 124
Cornelius, Hans, 46 , 219
Critical Theory, 7 , 136 , 147 , 148 , 150 , 171 , 175 , 193 , 195 , 215 , 230 , 239 , 240 , 244 -46, 258 , 265 ;
described, 60 -63, 63 -65, 76 , 166 ;
language of, 71 ;
and Lowenthal, 4 -5, 60 -63, 63 -65, 238 , 262 , 264 ;
and Marxism, 64 -65, 76 ;
and praxis, 61 -62
Culture industry, 127 -28, 185 -86, 189 , 195 -96, 197 , 253 , 264 . See also Mass culture
D
Dahrendorf, Ralf, 147
Darwin, Charles, 18 , 43
Deconstructionism, 261
Descartes, René, 116
Diderot, Denis, 116
Dilthey, Wilhelm, 48 , 142 , 149
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 44 , 119 , 120 , 131 , 177 , 221 -22
Drews, Jörg, 231
Dubiel, Helmut, 3 n.6, 7 , 10 , 240
Dumas, Alexandre, 176
Durkheim, Émile, 56 , 148
E
Eastern European Jews:
disdain toward, 20 , 23 , 25 , 203 ;
emigration of, 22 , 23 -24, 25
Ecological movement, 242 -43
Education at Berkeley (Select Committee on Education report), 151
Eichler, Willi, 249
Eisler, Hanns, 193 , 237
Elitism, 10 , 45 , 191 -92, 256
Empiricism, and empirical research, 70 , 73 -74, 133 , 135 , 140 , 143 , 147
Encyclopédie,116
England, 100 , 119 , 251 ;
literature and mass culture in, 126 , 127 , 138
Enlightenment philosophy, 115 -116, 118 , 251 ;
and Critical Theory, 65
Erd, Rainer, 7
Erhardt brigade, 36 n.4
Ethnomethodology, 142
F
Family, as agency of society, 73 . See also Studien über Autorität und Familie
Fascism, 59 , 66 -67, 76 , 157 , 241 , 256 ;
and American agitators, 134 , 186 ;
and art, 123 , 124 ;
and postmodernism, 264 ;
rise of, 27 , 28 -30, 53 -54, 55 -56, 76 -80;
and U.S. isolationism, 97 -98.
See also National Socialism
Finley, M. I., 57 -58, 94
Fiske, Marjorie, 126 , 138
Flaschenpost metaphor ("message in a bottle"), 63 , 66 , 74 , 148 , 210 , 237 , 241
Flaubert, Gustave, 176
Foreign Affairs Committee (U.S. Senate), 90 -91
Foreign policy, U.S., 91 -98;
lack of tradition for, 83 , 96 -97;
as reactive, 94 , 95 , 96
Foreign Service, U.S., 85 -86, 92 , 93 ;
in postwar Germany, 104 -6
France, 22 , 119 , 251 , 264 ;
Benjamin in, 224 , 225 ;
intellectuals in, 225
Frank, Leonhard, 34
Fränkel, Ernst, 35 , 37
Frankenberg, G., 3 n.6
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,259 , 267
Frankfurt School:
discovery of, in U.S., 149 ;
as a term, 190 , 239 .
See also Critical Theory; Institute of Social Research
Free Speech Movement, 151 , 153
Frenkel-Brunswick, Else, 137
Freud, Sigmund, 44 , 51 , 112 , 164 , 244
Friedeburg, Ludwig von, 147
Fromm, Erich, 50 , 72 , 73 , 131 , 133 ;
and emigration from Germany, 56 , 57 ;
on fascism, 77 -78;
and Institute for Social Research, 51 ;
and Judaism, 20 , 26 , 240 , 244 -45;
and psychoanalysis, 26 , 73 , 120
Fromm-Reichmann, Frieda, 26 , 50
Fuld, Werner, 67
G
Gassendi, Pierre, 116
General Student Parliament (Allgemeiner Studentenausschuß/ASTA), 35
Geneva, branch of Institute of Social Research established in, 54
George, Stefan, 47 , 227
German Communist Party (KPD), 35 , 37 , 39
German Democratic Republic, 1 n.1
German Pacifist Association (Deutscher Friedensverein), 34
German Socialist Student League (Deutscher Sozialistischer Studentenbund), 35 -36
Germany, Federal Republic of:
attitude of, toward World War II and Holocaust, 1 -3, 98 , 102 -3, 106 , 259 , 266 -67;
class consciousness in, 99 , 100 ;
left in, 257 , 258 -59, 260 ;
1980s literature in, 258 -60;
sociology in, 143 , 144 , 145 -46, 146 -48;
student movement in, 145 , 147 , 148 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 ;
and Wende, 260
Germany, postwar, and attitude toward World War II and Holocaust, 1 -3, 31 , 98 , 102 -3, 106 . See also Anti-Semitism: in Germany; German Democratic Republic; Germany, Federal Republic of
Gilbert, Felix, 82
Ginsburg, Golde. See Lowenthal, Golde Ginsburg
Glotz, Peter, 7
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 6 , 43 , 46 , 117 , 124 , 125 , 138 , 165 , 177 , 182 , 201 , 205 , 206 , 238 , 249 , 266
Goethe Gymnasium, 11 , 44
Goffman, Erving, 142
Goldsmith, Oliver, 126
Goldstein, Kurt, 58
Gorky, Maxim, 222
Gouldner, Alvin, 141
Gramsci, Antonio, 225
Grass, Günter, 173 -74, 258 -59
Great Soviet Encyclopedia,226 -27
Greece, 108
Green movement, 242
Greffrath, Matthias, 7 , 247
Grossmann, Henryk, 53 , 63 , 64 , 66
Grünberg, Carl, 52 , 53 , 54 , 63
Gumperz, Julian, 56
Gundolf, Friedrich, 47
Gutenberg Book Guild, 257
H
Habermas, Jürgen, 3 , 4 -5, 147 , 245 -46, 252
Habricht, Luise, 18 , 34 , 46
Haeckel, Ernst H., 18 , 43
Hampe, Karl, 47
Hamsun, Knut, 68 , 72 , 106 , 131 , 185 , 221 ;
Lowenthal on, 13 , 72 -73, 109 , 119 , 121 , 125 , 130 , 263 ;
reception of works of, 177 -78, 250
Handke, Peter, 258 , 259
Hartmann, Nicolai, 69
Harvard University, 145
Hegel, George Wilhelm Friedrich, 55 , 62 , 142 , 166 , 194 , 228 , 234 ;
Adorno on, 184 ;
on Don Quixote, 174
Heine, Heinrich, 112
Heissenbüttel, Helmut, 197 -98
Helvétius, Claude Adrien, 115 , 116
"Heroes" of production and consumption, 132 -33, 179 -80, 188
Herzfeld, Gottfried, 51
Hindenburg, Paul von, 131
Hirsch, Julian, 221
Historical materialism, 50 -51, 174 , 229 . See also Materialism
Hitler, Adolf, 29 , 31 , 34 , 149 , 158 , 164 , 167 , 204 , 212 . See also Fascism; National Socialism
Hitler-Stalin pact, 39 , 66
Holbach, Paul Henri Dietrich, 116
Holocaust:
and effects of terror, 135 ;
German attitude toward, 1 -3, 31 , 102 -3, 106 , 259 , 266 -67.
See also Anti-Semitism; Fascism; Germany
Hölz, Max, 38
Honigsheim, Paul, 57
Horkheimer, Max, 11 , 27 , 41 , 46 n.8, 49 , 58 , 59 , 63 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 81 , 120 , 130 , 139 , 156 , 208 , 210 , 211 ,
Horkheimer, Max (continued )
214 , 219 , 222 , 224 , 229 , 240 , 244 , 248 , 253 , 254 ;
on criticizing Communism, 42 , 241 ;
and critique of ideology, 119 ;
and emigration from Germany, 54 , 56 , 57 ;
on fascism, 77 , 78 -79;
and Institute of Social Research, 3 -4, 51 , 52 -53, 55 , 59 , 164 ;
and postwar Germany, 2 , 3 -4;
predicts Hitler-Stalin pact, 66 ;
and religious symbolism, 62 , 232 -33, 245 ;
and student movement, 3 -4;
and Studies in Prejudice series, 136 , 137 ;
and "theory of the historical process," 69 , 74 -75;
on World War II, 159
—Works:
Anfänge der bürgerlichen Geschichtsphilosophie,53 ;
"Art and Popular Culture," 72 ;
Dämmerung,42 ;
Dialectic of Enlightenment,77 , 109 , 183 , 185 , 186 , 195 , 208 , 211 , 252 -53;
The Eclipse of Reason,211 ;
"Egoism and the Freedom Movement," 131 ;
"The Jews and Europe," 77 ;
"Traditional and Critical Theory," 61 , 230
Howe, Irving, 134
Hughes, H. Stuart, 82
Hugo, Victor, 119 , 170
Hungarian uprising, 85
Husserl, Edmund, 47 , 48 , 55 , 69 , 209
Huyssen, Andreas, 193 -94, 195
I
Ibsen, Henrik, 106 , 119 , 120 -21, 125 , 128 , 167 , 172 -73, 228 , 229
Idealism, 172 , 174 , 205 , 225 , 228 -29, 248 , 251 . See also Utopianism
Ideology, 158 , 186 ;
and art, 168 , 171 , 196 ;
critique of, 117 , 119 , 120 -21, 128 , 221 -22, 239 -40
"Idols" of consumption and production, 132 -33, 179 -80, 188
Imagination, and mass culture, 175 -77, 182 , 186 , 239 -40
Imperialism, 93 -98, 148
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), 37 , 38
Individualism, 169 , 170 , 180 -81, 189 , 192 -93, 195 , 196 ;
and individuality as theme, 131 , 188
Institute of Social Research, 131 , 163 -64, 184 , 191 , 212 -13, 214 , 222 , 237 , 241 ;
affiliation of, with Columbia University, 57 , 66 ;
aids emigré intellectuals, 58 , 67 , 74 ;
and Benjamin, 67 -69, 150 , 209 , 217 -19, 222 , 224 -25, 230 ;
branches of, in Geneva, Paris, and London, 54 , 56 , 57 ;
collaborative efforts in, 72 -73, 185 , 208 -10, 243 ;
and conflict about Soviet Union, 66 ;
emigration of, 53 -54, 55 -57, 79 , 208 ;
on fascism, 27 , 29 -30, 55 -56, 59 , 76 -80;
fate of individual as theme of, 131 , 188 ;
as "German island" in U.S., 58 , 59 , 66 ;
Horkheimer as director of, 51 , 52 -53, 55 , 59 ;
independence of, 12 , 42 , 155 ;
and Jewish tradition, 112 ;
and labor movement, 39 -40, 63 ;
and Marxism, 3 -4, 26 , 41 , 55 , 150 , 194 ;
and psychoanalysis, 26 , 51 , 147 ;
reputation of, 55 , 59 -60, 149 .
See also Critical Theory; Frankfurt School; Zeitschrift für Sozial-forschung; and names of individual members of the Institute
Intellectuals, 255 ;
and labor movement, 37 , 39 -40, 63 , 248 ;
and politics, 37 , 42 -43.
See also Benjamin, Walter: and role of intellectuals
International Labor Office, 54
Iran, 95 , 155
Ireland, 98
Irrationalism, 258 , 259 , 262 -63, 264 , 265
Israel, 114
J
Jahoda, Marie, 136
Janowitz, Morris, 136
Jarrell, Randall, 181 -82
Jaspers, Karl, 40 , 47 , 48 , 49
Jay, Martin, 52 , 60 , 112 , 184 , 208
Jetztzeit, 223
Jewish Workers' Welfare Office (Jüdisches Arbeiterfürsorgeamt), 23 -24
Joyce, James, 128
Judaism, 50 , 111 -14;
and Institute of Social Research, 112 ;
and politics, 229 , 232 -33, 244 -45.
See also Lowenthal, Leo: and Judaism; Messianism; Mysticism; Utopianism: Jewish
Jüdische Lehrhaus, 21 -22, 219 , 232
Jüdisches Wochenblatt,113
Jüdische Wochenzeitung (Jewish Weekly), 24
Jung, Carl, 69
K
Kafka, Franz, 128 , 130 , 223 -24
Kahn-Freund, Otto, 44
Kaiser, Georg, 249
Kant, Immanuel, 46 , 231 , 254
Kantianism, 48 , 50 , 115 , 251 . See also Neo-Kantianism
Kapp Putsch, 36 , 39
Karanikolos (president of German Socialist Student League), 35 -36
Kartell-Convent der Verbindungen Deutscher Studenten Jüdischen Glaubens (KC; Syndicate of Organizations of German Students of the Jewish Faith), 19
Kästner, Erich, 62 , 227
Kautzsch (president of University of Frankfurt; art historian), 36 -37, 46
Keller, Gottfried, 117 , 119 , 165
Kinkel, Walter, 18 , 46 , 111 , 115
Kirchheimer, Otto, 81 , 134
Klages, Ludwig, 69
Kluke, Paul, 52
Knoeringen, Waldemar von, 249
Kohl, Helmut, 2 , 260
König, René, 147
Konkursbuch,259 , 260 , 263
Korsch, Karl, 38
KPD. See German Communist Party
Kracauer, Siegfried, 9 , 20 , 28 , 49 , 219 ;
and Adorno, 184 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207
Krahl, Hans-Jürgen, 192 -93
Kraus, Karl, 59 , 183 -84, 228
Kuhn, Thomas, 146
Kulturpolitik,249 -50, 255
L
Labor movement, 37 , 39 -40, 61 , 63 , 248
La Mettrie, Julien Offroy, 116
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 111
Lazarsfeld, Paul, 132 , 133 , 138 , 140
League for Popular Lectures (Bund für Volksvorlesungen),117 , 248
Lederer, Emil, 47
Leisure, 187 ;
and art, 125 -26;
industry, 252
Lenin, V. I., 96
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 249 , 251
Levinson, Daniel, 137
Liberal Democratic Party (Germany), 29
Liberalism, 33 -34, 77 , 97 , 119 , 178 , 223 , 243
Liberal People's Party (Freisinnige Volkspartei; later, Staatspartei), 33
Liebknecht, Karl, 35 n.3
Lindner, Burkhardt, 229
Literary reception, theory of, 120 , 168 , 177 -78, 221 -22
Literature:
and analysis of society, 117 , 118 -19, 120 -21, 121 -22, 129 , 165 -66, 167 -68;
and class consciousness, 117 , 119 , 120 ;
and mass culture, 10 , 13 .
See also Art; Biography; Literary reception; Marginality; Mass culture; Sociology of literature
London:
Institute of Social Research establishes branch in, 56 ;
postwar, 100
London School of Economics, 54 -55
Lope de Vega, 124
Lowenthal, Golde Ginsburg, 19 -20, 26 , 50 , 206 , 207
Lowenthal, Leo:
and Center for Advanced Studies, 86 , 138 ;
collected works of, published, 6 , 9 ;
and Communism, 30 , 35 , 38 -39, 42 , 61 , 66 -67, 88 -89, 114 , 155 , 231 , 241 ;
and Critical Theory, 4 -5, 60 -63, 63 -65, 238 , 262 , 264 ;
early political development of, 33 -42;
edits Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung,14 , 58 , 69 , 208 , 218 , 243 ;
on elitism, 10 , 45 , 191 -92, 256 ;
and emigration from Germany, 53 -54, 55 -56, 57 , 156 ;
on Europe after World War II, 98 -108;
on fascism, 66 -67, 77 -80;
honors received by, 6 ;
on identification with "losers" of history, 13 , 25 , 118 , 125 , 158 , 172 , 258 ;
and Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), 38 , 39 ;
and Institute of Social Research, 14 , 29 , 52 , 112 , 140 , 163 -64;
intellectual development and education of, 11 -12, 18 -19, 43 -44, 46 , 47 -51, 58 -60, 115 , 142 , 163 -66;
and Judaism, 17 -26, 49 , 50 , 111 -14, 232 -33, 244 -45;
and labor movement, 37 , 39 -40, 63 ;
on left in U.S., 39 , 148 -49, 151 , 152 -53, 257 ;
and McCarthy/State Department investigations, 86 -89;
and Marxism, 25 , 26 , 41 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 64 -65, 76 , 117 , 150 , 168 ;
and military service, 44 -46;
and neo-Kantianism, 18 , 25 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 115 , 142 , 223 , 231 ;
and opposition to status quo, 25 -26, 40 -41, 59 , 62 , 164 , 241 , 266 ;
and People's Theater, 37 , 40 , 51 ;
and postmodernism, 5 , 257 -58, 261 -66;
and psychoanalysis, 25 , 26 , 49 , 50 -51;
and Social Democracy, 38 , 42 , 155 , 247 -49, 250 -51;
on sociology in the U.S., 140 -41, 141 -46;
and student politics, 35 -37, 40 , 114 , 151 , 265 ;
as teacher, 58 , 140 , 164 ;
at University of California, Berkeley, 86 , 138 , 141 , 150 -51, 152 -53, 238 ;
at University of Frankfurt, 35 , 36 -37, 46 -50;
at University of Heidelberg, 19 , 35 , 36 , 114 ;
on U.S. foreign policy, 83 , 91 -98;
on U.S. government service, 82 , 86 , 88 -90;
wartime employment of, 81 -83, 94 , 158 ;
and Zionism, 19 -20, 21 , 24 -25, 50 , 111 , 113 -14.
See also Art; Biography; Critical Theory; Mass culture; Sociology of literature
—Works:
"Biographical Fashion," 130 -32;
"Biographies in Popular Magazines," 130 , 132 -33;
"The Concession Law in Poland," 113 ;
"The Demonic," 47 , 49 , 50 , 113 , 204 ;
Erzählkunst und Gesellschaft,116 -18, 119 ;
"The German Language as Reflected by Social Developments," 248 ;
"The Individual in Individualistic Society," 119 ;
"Judaism and the German Spirit," 111 ;
"Judaism and Jewishness in Recent
German Philosophy," 112 ;
"Kunt Hamsun (1860-1952)," 72 -73, 119 , 121 , 122 , 130 , 185 ;
"The Lessons of China," 25 , 113 -14;
Literature and the Image of Man,121 , 138 ;
Literature, Popular Culture, and Society,52 , 123 , 208 -9;
"On the Social Situation of Literature," 119 , 220 , 238 ;
"Power and Law in Rousseau's Philosophy of State and in German Idealist Philosophy," 115 ;
Prophets of Deceit,87 , 89 , 133 -35, 137 , 185 ;
"The Situation of the Jews in Poland," 113 ;
"Some Theses on Critical Theory and Empirical Research," 185 ;
"Terror's Atomization of Man," 134 -35
Lübbe, Hermann, 3 n.6
Lüdke, W. Martin, 7 , 228
Ludwig, Emil, 130 , 210 , 214
Lukács, Georg, 9 , 129 , 191 , 205 , 219 , 232 , 244 , 266 ;
and Critical Theory, 7 ;
on "Grand Hotel Abyss," 155 -56;
Theory of the Novel,25 -26, 50 , 131 , 165 , 191 , 207
Luxemburg, Rosa, 35 n.3
Lynd, Robert, 135
M
McCarthyism, 86 -91
Mahler, Gustav, 253 , 254
Maimonides, 111
Malik publishing house, 55
Mann, Thomas, 130
Mannheim, Karl, 40 , 46 -47, 53 , 208 , 209 , 225
Marburg neo-Kantian philosophical school, 18 , 46 , 47 , 150 , 223 , 231 . See also Neo-Kantianism
Marcuse, Herbert, 4 , 11 , 66 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 93 , 121 , 124 , 130 , 134 , 155 , 209 , 217 , 232 , 238 , 240 , 242 , 244 , 245 ;
on anti-Semitism, 27 ;
and emigration from Germany, 56 , 57 ;
on function of art in society, 122 -23, 128 ;
at Office of Strategic Services, 81 , 82 , 158 ;
on rise of fascism, 27 , 76 -77;
role of, in U.S., 139 -40, 149 ;
and technical philosophy, 71 ;
writes introduction to Prophets of Deceit,133
—Works:
"Affirmative Culture," 122 , 131 , 229 ;
"Philosophy and Critical Theory," 61
Marginality, 13 , 63 , 121 , 166 -67, 182 ;
and art, 170 -74
Marx, Karl, 64 , 65 , 89 , 111 , 112 , 142 , 157 , 164 , 168 , 191 , 193 , 231 , 244 ;
and Enlightenment philosophy, 115
Marx-Engels publishing house, 55
Marxism, 47 , 50 , 73 , 144 , 192 , 196 ;
and Critical Theory, 64 -65, 76 ;
and functionalism, 141 ;
and Institute of Social Research, 3 -4, 26 , 41 , 55 , 150 , 194 ;
and literature, 117 , 168 ;
and psychoanalysis, 26 , 50 -51, 64
Mass art, 123 , 127 .
See also Art; Mass culture
Mass culture, 134 , 163 , 174 -82, 193 , 208 ;
and art, 10 , 13 , 122 -28, 138 , 167 -68, 176 -77, 185 -88, 240 , 251 -57;
and imagination, 175 -77, 182 , 186 , 239 -40.
See also Culture industry
Massing, Paul, 31
Mass media, 83 , 137 , 140 , 239 -40, 254 -55;
in Norway, 107 -8;
study of, 83 -84
Maß und Wert,222 , 230
Materialism, 18 , 43 , 50 , 63 , 64 , 120 , 173 , 174 , 238 ;
and functionalism, 142 ;
and literary history, 116 , 118 .
See also Historical materialism
Maugham, Somerset, 182
Mayer, Hans, 14 , 193
Mead, George Herbert, 14 , 143
Mehring, Franz, 118 , 165 , 250
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 254
Merton, Robert, 133 , 140
"Message in a bottle." See Flaschenpost metaphor
Messianism, 49 , 114 , 204 , 223 , 229 , 231 , 232 , 244 -245
Meyer, Conrad Ferdinand, 119 , 120 , 165 , 221 , 222
Mitscherlich, Alexander, 2
Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur, 264
Molière, 116
Mommsen, Hans, 2
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de, 116 , 126 , 251 -52
More, Thomas, 115
Mörike, Eduard, 118
Moses Mendlessohn Foundation, 112
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 253 , 254
Munch, Edvard, 107
Muscatine, Charles, 151
Mussolini, Benito, 149 , 158
Mysticism, 19 , 21 , 49 , 67 , 220 , 232
N
National Security Council (U.S.), 94 -95, 96
National Socialism (Nazism), 1 , 2 , 27 , 28 , 53 -54, 55 , 70 , 78 , 134 , 177 , 214 , 264 . See also Fascism; Hitler, Adolf
Natorp, Paul, 47 , 115
Nature, 32 -33, 109 -10, 173 , 185 , 242 , 245 , 263
Naumann, Friedrich, 33
Naumann, Hans, 28
Nazis. See Fascism; Hitler, Adolf; National Socialism
Nelson, Benjamin, 58
Neo-conservatism, 249 , 250 , 258
Neo-idealism, 142
Neo-Kantianism, 18 , 25 , 46 , 47 , 115 , 142 , 223 , 231 -32
Netherlands, 54
Neue Gesellschaft/Frankfurter Hefte,247
Neue Zeit, 178 , 247 , 250
Neumann, Franz, 27 , 29 , 35 , 37 , 64 , 78 , 81 , 158
New American Movement (NAM), 148
New Beginning group, 65
New criticism, 168
New German Critique,148 , 193
New Subjectivity, 259 , 263
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 183 -84, 191 , 200 , 263
Nobel, Rabbi N. A., 19 , 20 -21, 111 , 232 ;
festschrift for, 20 , 49
Norway, 106 -8, 121
O
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 81 , 82
Office of War Information, 81 -83, 94
Oncken, Hermann, 47
P
Pacifism, 34
Palestine, 24 , 33 ;
Jewish settlement policy in, 25 , 113 -14
Parsons, Talcott, 148
Pascal, Blaise, 116 , 126 , 251 -52
Pater, Walter, 170
People's Theater (Volksbühne),37 , 40 , 51 , 247 , 248 -49
Pessimism, political, 154 , 155 -59, 237 , 241 -42, 245 -46, 257 -58, 260 , 265 -66
Peterson (Germanist; lectured on Goethe), 46
Phenomenology, 25 , 48 , 49 , 116 , 142
Piscator Theater, 55
Plessner, Helmut, 204
Pollock, Friedrich, 2 , 46 n.8, 52 , 64 , 69 , 72 , 77 , 81 , 134 , 158 , 164 , 211 , 240 , 244 ;
and economics, 71 , 120 ;
and emigration from Germany, 54 ,
56 , 57
Popularization of art, 255 -57. See also Art; Mass culture
Portugal, 108
Postmodernism, 5 , 257 -58, 261 -66
Pragmatism, 14 , 143 , 238
Proust, Marcel, 128
Psychoanalysis, 1 , 17 , 25 , 43 , 49 , 65 , 147 , 169 , 222 ;
and Judaism, 26 ;
and Marxism, 26 , 50 -51, 64
Public opinion, formation of, 84
Q
Quidde, Ludwig, 34
Quick, 259 , 267
R
Rabelais, François, 173
Racine, Jean-Baptiste, 124 , 125
Radio Free Europe, 85
Radio Liberation, 85
Raffael (French Marxist), 208
Reagan, Ronald, 2 , 153 , 251 , 266 , 267
Reception theory. See Literary reception, theory of
Reductionism, 48 , 49 , 169 , 177 , 192
Revolution, 157 , 159 , 231 , 240 ;
anticipation of, 40 , 47 ;
in Germany, 38 -39;
and role of proletariat, 61 , 265 ;
in Russia, 34 -35, 38 -39, 88 .
See also China; Soviet Union
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 55
Richardson, Samuel, 126
Richter, Eugen, 33
Rickert, Heinrich, 47 -48, 142
Riesman, David, 133
Romanticism, 109 , 125 , 127 , 165 , 170
Rosenzweig, Franz, 20 , 21 , 49 , 112 , 205 , 219 , 232
Russia. See Revolution: in Russia; Soviet Union
S
Sade, Marquis de, 208
Sanford, Nevitt, 137
Saturday Evening Post,132
Scheler, Max, 69
Schiller, Friedrich, 126 , 228 , 249 , 251
Schmidt (Polizeirat), 23 , 37
Scholem, Gershom, 68 , 217 , 220 , 223 , 224 , 231 , 232
Schönberg, Arnold, 210 -11, 254
Schönflies (German mathematician), 46
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 18 , 43 , 44 , 115 , 191
Schorske, Carl, 82
Schreiber, Ulrich, 198
Schücking, Levin, 165
Schulpolitik,249
Schultz, Franz, 219
Shakespeare, William, 125 , 130 , 138 , 167 , 173 , 180 -81, 248
Shapiro, Meyer, 210
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 119
Shine, David, 87 , 90
Sibelius, Jean, 73 , 130 , 185
Simmel, Georg, 142
Simon, Ernst, 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 113 , 114
Social democracy, 38 , 42 , 231 -32;
and Hamsun, 178
Social Democratic Party (SPD), 29 , 37 , 38 , 65 , 232 , 247 , 250 , 251
Sociology:
in Federal Republic of Germany, 143 , 144 , 145 -46, 146 -48;
in U.S., 140 -41, 141 -46
Sociology of literature, 122 , 129 , 131 , 163 -83, 238 , 239 , 261 ;
marginality of, 182 .
See also Literature
South America, U.S. policy toward, 91 , 92 , 93
Southey, Robert, 199
Soviet Union, 94 , 96 , 227 ;
and death of Stalin, 91 -92;
disillusionment over events in, 30 , 38 -39, 61 , 66 -67, 231 , 241 , 265 ;
Marxism in, 65 ;
splits in Institute of Social Research
over, 66 ;
as target of Voice of America research, 83 .
See also Communism; Revolution
Spain, 108 ;
civil war in, 39
Spartakusbund (Spartacus League), 35
SPD. See Social Democratic Party
Spectator, 127
Spence (State Department employee), 88 -89
Spielhagen, Friedrich, 119 , 165
Stalin, Joseph, 66 , 91 -92
Stanford University, 86 , 138
Starnberg Institute, 9 , 10
State Department (U.S.), 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 88 -89, 90 , 91
Steele, Sir Richard, 127
Stendhal, 169 , 170 , 174 -75
Sternheim, Andries, 54
Sternheim, Carl, 249
Strauß, Botho, 258 , 259 , 260
Strauss, Leo, 112
Stravinsky, Igor, 129
Structural functionalism, 141 -42
Student movement, 93 , 194 -95, 265 ;
influenced by Horkheimer's works, 3 ;
in Federal Republic of Germany, 145 , 147 , 148 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 ;
in U.S., 145 , 150 -54;
in Weimar, 34 , 35 -37
Studien über Autorität und Familie (Studies on Authority and the Family), 73 -74, 137
Studies in Prejudice series, 77 , 133 , 135 -37
Subjectivity, 259 , 263
Surrealism, 216 , 263
Sweden, 106
Switzerland:
during Hitler period, 56 ;
Institute of Social Research branch in, 54 , 56 ;
psychoanalysis in, 26
Symbolic interactionism, 141 ;
Lowenthal on, 142
T
Tatler, 127
Telos,6 , 148 , 149 -50
Theory and practice, 61 -62, 65 , 164 , 174 , 192 , 195 , 241 , 243
Thomas, Albert, 54
Tiedemann, Rolf, 68 , 218
Tillich, Paul, 55
Tolstoy, Leo, 111 , 176
Trotskyism, 39 , 149
Trow, Martin, 144
Truman, Harry, 95
Tumult, 259 , 263
U
University of California, Berkeley, 86 , 138 , 141 , 145 , 150 -51, 152 -53, 238
University of Chicago, 57 , 145
U.S. Information Agency, 84 , 86 , 104 , 105
USPD. See Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
Utopianism, 32 , 109 , 157 , 159 , 172 , 173 , 223 , 266 ;
and function of art, 122 -23, 128 , 172 , 173 , 196 ;
Jewish, 112 , 114 , 232 -33, 244 -45
V
"Value-free science," 163 , 164
Vietnam War, 93 , 153 -54
Voice of America, 83 -87, 137 , 158 ;
and Foreign Service, 85 -86;
in Germany, 104 ;
and McCarthy investigations, 87 -88, 90
Volksbühne. See People's Theater
Volksvorlesungen. See League for Popular Lectures
W
Wagner, Richard, 167 , 183 , 253
Wassermann, Jakob, 20
Watt, Ian, 127
Weber, Alfred, 46 , 47
Weber, Max, 46 , 47 , 142 , 147 , 148
Weil, Felix, 54
Wende, 260
Werckmeister, Otto Karl, 196
Wiesengrund, Oskar, 203 , 204
Wirkungsgeschichte (history of effects), 221 -22
Wissenschaftskolleg, 261
Wittfogel, Karl August, 63 , 66
Wolff, Christian von, 116
Women:
as revolutionary critics, 121 , 172 -73, 242 ;
rights of, 153 ;
suffrage for, 34
Wordsworth, William, 127
World War I, 34 , 44 -46, 164
World War II, 79 , 81 , 83 , 94 , 159 , 241 ;
creates demand for effective propaganda techniques, 140 ;
as military rather than ideological battle, 149 , 157 -58, 241
Wright Institute, 137
Y
Young Germany movement (Junges Deutschland), 118 , 165
Z
Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung,3 , 14 , 59 , 118 , 119 -20, 214 , 217 -18, 220 , 222 , 230 ;
collaborative editing of, 68 -69, 71 , 185 , 209 -10, 243 ;
founding of, 117 , 208 ;
as platform for Critical Theory, 60 , 69 , 71 , 166 ;
published in German in U.S., 12 , 185 , 219 ;
published in Paris, 56 , 57 .
See also Critical Theory; Institute of Social Research
Zionism, 19 -20, 24 -25, 50 , 67 , 111 , 113 -14
Zola, Émile, 44 , 222
Zweig, Stefan, 130 , 214