General

Babitsky, Paul, and John Rimberg. The Soviet Film Industry . New York, 1955.

Bailes, Kendall. "The American Connection: Ideology and the Transfer of American Technology to the Soviet Union, 1917–1941." Comparative Studies in Society and History 23, no. 3 (July 1981): 421–48.

———. Technology and Society under Lenin and Stalin: Origins of the Soviet Technical Intelligentsia, 1928–1941 . Princeton, 1978.

Ball, Alan. Russia's Last Capitalists: The Nepmen, 1921–1929 . Berkeley, 1987.

Bassow, Whitman. The Moscow Correspondents: Reporting on Russia from the Revolution to Glasnost . New York, 1989.

Bek, Aleksandr. Novoe naznachenie . Moscow, 1987. (A novel based on the life of I. F. Tevosian, People's Commissar of Shipbuilding, and subsequently Commissar of Ferrous Metallurgy.)

Berg, Raisa L. Acquired Traits: Memoirs of a Geneticist from the Soviet Union . New York, 1988.

Berliner, Joseph. Factory and Manager in the USSR . Cambridge, Mass., 1957.

Berton, Kathleen. Moscow: An Architectural History . New York, 1977.

Blakely, Allison. Russia and the Negro: Blacks in Russian History and Thought . Washington, 1986. (See especially the chapters "The Black 'Pilgrims' " and "The Negro in Soviet Art.")

Borngraeber, Christian. "Die Mittarbeit antifaschistischer Architekten am sozialistischen Aufbau während der ersten beiden Fünfjahrpläne." In Exil in der UdSSR: Kunst und Literatur im antifaschistischen Exil, 1933–1945 , ed. Klaus Jarmatz et al., pp. 326–47. Frankfurt, 1979.

Carroll, Wallace. We're in This with Russia . Boston, 1942. (Written by a U.S. correspondent who was in the USSR in 1941; the section "Exiles in Utopia" discusses Americans who moved to the Soviet Union in the 1930s.)

Caute, David. The Fellow Travellers: A Postscript to the Enlightenment . New York, 1973.

Chamberlin, William Henry. Russia's Iron Age . Boston, 1937. (Chamberlin was the Christian Science Monitor's correspondent from Russia from 1922 to 1934.)

Conquest, Robert. The Great Terror: A Reassessment . New York, 1990.

Crossman, Richard, ed. The God That Failed . New York, 1950. (An anthology of essays by leading Western intellectuals recounting their disillusionment with communism in the 1930s and 1940s.)

Crowl, James William. Angels in Stalin's Paradise: Western Reporters in Soviet Russia, 1917 to 1937. A Case Study of Louis Fischer and Walter Duranty . New York, 1982.

Davies, Robert W., ed. Soviet Investment for Planned Industrialization, 1929–1937: Policy and Practice . Berkeley, 1984. (Selected papers from the Second World Congress of Soviet and East European Studies.)

Dennen, Leon. Where the Ghetto Ends . New York, 1934. (Record of the author's visits to Jewish agricultural colonies in the Ukraine and the Crimea.)

Deutscher, Isaac. Soviet Trade Unions: Their Place in Soviet Labour Policy . London, 1950.

Dudintsev, Vladimir. Not by Bread Alone . New York, 1957. (Major novel, published during the post-Stalin thaw, about the struggle of the inventor of a new industrial process against jealous and corrupt bureaucrats.)

Dunmore, Timothy. The Stalinist Command Economy: The Soviet State Apparatus and Economic Policy, 1945–1953 . New York, 1980.

Eisenstein, Sergei M. Immoral Memories: An Autobiography . Boston, 1983. (Recollections of the USSR's most famous film director of the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s.)

Filene, Peter G. Americans and the Soviet Experiment, 1917–1933 . Cambridge, Mass., 1967.

———, ed. American Views of Soviet Russia, 1917–1965 . Homewood, Ill., 1968.

Filtzer, Donald. Soviet Workers and Stalinist Industrialization: The Formation of Modern Soviet Production Relations, 1928–1941 . Armonk, N.Y., 1986.

Fitzpatrick, Sheila. Education and Social Mobility in the Soviet Union, 1921–1934 . Cambridge, 1979.

Garb, Paula. They Came to Stay: North Americans in the USSR . Moscow, 1987.

Gouzenko, Igor. The Fall of a Titan . New York, 1954. (A novel about the rumored murder of Gorky, written by a former Soviet intelligence officer; noteworthy for vivid pictures of Soviet life in the 1920s and 1930s.)

Gouzenko, Svetlana. Before Igor: Memories of My Soviet Youth . New York, 1960. (Reminiscences of growing up in the household of an engineer in the 1920s and 1930s.)

Gozak, Andrei, and Andrei Leonidov. Ivan Leonidov: The Complete Works . New York, 1988. (The authors provide an introduction and compilation of this Soviet architect's work from 1919 to 1959, including plans, unrealized, for Magnitogorsk.)

Graham, Margaret. Swing Shift . New York, 1951. (A novel that includes a fictionalized account of Americans at a famous international workers' colony that laid the foundations of the western Siberian metallurgical industry in the 1920s.)

Granick, David. The Red Executive . London, 1960.

Graziosi, Andrea. "Foreign Workers in Soviet Russia, 1920–1940: Their Experience and Their Legacy." International Labor and Working-Class History 33 (Spring 1988): 38–59. (This article includes references to the first-hand accounts of numerous Italian, Spanish, French, and other foreign workers.)

Harrison, Mark. Soviet Planning in Peace and War, 1938–1945 . Cambridge, 1985.

Hay, Julius. Born 1900: Memoirs . La Salle, Ill., 1974. (Hay, a Hungarian playwright, Communist, and later, dissident, spent ten years in the Soviet Union in the 1930s and 1940s; his memoirs include an account of his brief association with the Soviet film industry.)

Hollander, Paul. Political Pilgrims: Travels of Western Intellectuals to the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba, 1928–1978 . New York, 1981.

Hoover, Calvin. The Economic Life of Soviet Russia . New York, 1931. (This volume is interesting for the first-hand observations and numerous interviews carried out by the author during a research stay in the USSR in 1929 and 1930.)

Hunter, Holland. "The Overambitious First Soviet Five-Year Plan." With comments by Robert Campbell, Stephen Cohen, and Moshe Lewin. Slavic Review 32 (June 1973).

Huppert, Hugo. Men of Siberia . New York, 1934. (Colorful but romanticized account by a German Communist mineworker of Urals-West Siberian industrial projects during the First Five-Year Plan.)

Hyman, Joseph C. "The Agro-Joint in Russia," chapter 3 of Twenty-Five Years of American Aid to Jews Overseas: A Record of the Joint Distribution Committee , pp. 27–33. New York, 1939.

Istoriia sovetskogo kino, 1917–1967 . 4 vols. Moscow, 1969–1978.

Junghanns, Kurt. "Deutsche Architekten in der Sowjetunion während der erste Fünfjahrplan und des vaterländischen Krieges." Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen 29, no. 2 (1983).

Kartsev, Vladimir. Krzhizhanovsky . Moscow, 1985 (in English). (Biography of Gleb Maksimilianovich Krzhizhanovsky [1872–1959], a revolutionary, electrical engineer, economic planner and science administrator, and the driving force behind the Soviet electrification program.)

Kataev, Valentin. Time Forward! Translated from the Russian by Charles Malamuth. Bloomington, 1976. (A classic Five-Year Plan novel about worker heroes at Magnitogorsk.)

Kenez, Peter. Cinema and Soviet Society . Forthcoming.

Khrushchev, Nikita. Khrushchev Remembers . Boston, 1971. (Provides interesting pictures of Soviet industrialization, Stalin, and his lieutenants.)

Kinoslovar '. 2 vols. Moscow, 1966–1970.

Kopp, Anatole. Town and Revolution: Soviet Architecture and City Planning, 1917–1935 . London, 1970.

Kotkin, Steven. "Magnetic Mountain: City Building and City Life in the Soviet Union in the 1930s." Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1988. (On Magnitogorsk.)

Kuromiya, Hiroaki. Stalin's Industrial Revolution: Politics and Workers, 1928–1932 . Cambridge, 1988.

Lampert, Nicholas. The Technical Intelligentsia and the Soviet State: A Study of Soviet Managers and Technicians, 1928–1935 . New York, 1979.

Lawton, Anna, ed. The Red Screen: Politics, Society, and Art in Soviet Cinema . New York, 1991.

Leyda, Jay. Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film . New York, 1973.

Lewin, Moshe. The Making of the Soviet System: Essays in the Social History of Interwar Russia . New York, 1985.

Liehm, Mira, and Antonin J. Liehm. The Most Important Art: Soviet and Eastern European Film after 1945 . Berkeley, 1977.

Malle, Silvana. The Economic Organization of War Communism, 1918–1921 . Cambridge, 1985.

Margulies, Sylvia R. The Pilgrimmage to Russia: The Soviet Union and the Treatment of Foreigners, 1924–1937 . Madison, 1968.

Marshall, Herbert. Masters of the Soviet Cinema: Crippled Creative Biographies . London, 1983.

Matthews (née Svetlova), Tanya. Journey between Freedoms . Philadelphia, 1951. (The memoirs of a Soviet English teacher who married a British journalist during World War II.)

Mayne, Judith. Kino and the Woman Question: Feminism and Soviet Silent Film . Columbus, 1989.

Medvedev, Roy. All Stalin's Men . Oxford, 1983. (Biographies of important Stalinists.)

———. Let History Judge . New York, 1989. (A magisterial survey of the origins, character, and consequences of Stalinism.)

Medvedev, Zhores. The Rise and Fall of T. D. Lysenko . New York, 1969. (A study of the career of a Stalinist charlatan who organized the persecution of genetics as a "bourgeois" science under Stalin and Khrushchev.)

Michelson, Annette, ed. Kino-Eye: The Writings of Dziga Vertov . Berkeley, 1984. (Vertov was one of the major Soviet directors of the 1920s and 1930s; his work was suppressed in the 1940s and 1950s.)

Miliutin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich. Sotsgorod: The Problem of Building Socialist Cities . Cambridge, Mass., 1974. (Miliutin was one of the most important Soviet town planners of the late 1920s and early 1930s. This edition of his classic work was translated, annotated, and introduced by Arthur Sprague, who died before completing a dissertation on Soviet architecture and town planning. Prepared for publication by George R. Collins and William Alex, this volume contains valuable illustrative material and an extensive bibliography.)

Millar, James, and Alec Nove. "Was Stalin Really Necessary? A Debate on Collectivization." Problems of Communism 25 (July–August 1976): 49–62.

Morray, J. P. Project Kuzbas . New York, 1983. (The official history of the Autonomous foreign workers' colony and its contribution to Siberian industrialization in the 1920s.)

Morrissey, Evelyn. Jewish Workers and Farmers in the Crimea and Ukraine . New York, 1937.

Muggeridge, Malcolm. Chronicles of Wasted Time. Chronicle 1: The Green Stick . New York, 1973. (Memoir by the British journalist, social critic, and satirist that includes a chapter, pp. 205–76, about his assignment in Moscow in 1932–33 for the Manchester Guardian . At first a sympathizer, Muggeridge, one of the first to publish articles about the Ukrainian famine, was profoundly disillusioned by Soviet tyranny. After his expulsion from the Soviet Union and return to England, Muggeridge was boycotted by liberal intellectuals and found it impossible to retain his position at the Guardian or to obtain journalistic employment elsewhere.)

Nizhny, Vladimir. Lessons with Eisenstein . New York, 1979. (The notes of a student in a course taught by the greatest Soviet director—one of the founders of the modern film arts.)

Nove, Alec. An Economic History of the USSR . London, 1972.

Ocherki istorii sovetskogo kino . 3 vols. Moscow, 1956–61.

O'Neill, William. A Better World. The Great Schism: Stalinism and the American Intellectuals . New York, 1982. (Describes left-wing intellectuals' responses to the Soviet Union before, during, and after World War II.)

Paperny, Vladimir. "Moscow in the 1930s and the Emergence of a New City." In The Culture of the Stalin Period , ed. Hans Günther, pp. 229–39. New York, 1990.

Perrieux, Gabriel. Romain Rolland et Maxim Gorky . Paris, 1968.

Platonov, Andrei. The Foundation Pit/Kotlavan . Ann Arbor, 1973. (A gloomy allegorical novel about Stalinist industrialization.)

Potapova-Molin'e, Nina, comp. Razrushennye Khrama Khrista Spasitelia . London, 1988. (A photographic study of the destruction of the Cathedral of Christ the Redeemer.)

Rassweiler, Ann D. The Generation of Power: The History of Dneprostroi . Oxford, 1988. (About construction of the Dneprostroi hydroelectric dam during the First Five-Year Plan; construction was supervised by the American firm of Colonel Hugh L. Cooper.)

Razrushennye i oskvernennye khramy . Frankfurt, 1978. (An album of churches, cathedrals, and monasteries the Soviet government destroyed, vandalized, or converted into warehouses, including a photograph of the dynamiting of the Cathedral of Christ the Redeemer, discussed by Witkin.)

Rees, E. A. State Control in Soviet Russia: The Rise and Fall of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate, 1920–1934 . New York, 1987.

Rogger, Hans. "Amerikanizm and the Economic Development of Russia." Comparative Studies in Society and History 23, no. 3 (July 1981): 382–420.

Rutland, Peter. The Myth of the Plan: Lessons of Soviet Planning Experience . La Salle, Ill., 1985.

Rybakov, Anatolii. Children of the Arbat . Moscow, 1987; Boston, 1988. (Novel whose character Riazanov is based on the first director of the Magnitogorsk metallurgical complex.)

———. Tridtsat' piatyi i drugie gody . Moscow, 1988. (Novel which continues Children of the Arbat ; forthcoming in English as 1935 and Other Years .)

Schnitzer, Luda, Jean Schnitzer, and Marcel Martin, eds. Cinema in Revolution: The Heroic Era of the Soviet Film . Translated and with additional material by David Robinson. London, 1973. (Autobiographical statements of twelve pioneering directors of the 1920s and early 1930s, including Eisenstein, Pudovkin, Dovzhenko, and Vertov.)

Shudakov, Grigory. Pioneers of Soviet Photography . London, 1983. (Vivid images of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s.)

Siegelbaum, Lewis. "Soviet Norm Determination in Theory and Practice, 1917–1941." Soviet Studies 36, no. 1 (January 1984): 45–68.

———. Stakhanovism and the Politics of Productivity in the USSR, 1935–1941 . Cambridge, 1988.

Smith, Homer. Black Man in Red Russia . Chicago, 1964. (Smith was an American black who organized Moscow's first express mail service; in 1935 he became a correspondent for the American black press. He married a Russian and lived in the USSR until 1946.)

Solonevich, Iurii. Povest'o dvadtsati dvukh neschest'iakh . Sofia, 1938. (Among other things, this memoir recounts the author's experiences as the assistant to an eccentric and egotistical film director in the early 1930s.)

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr. The Gulag Archipelago . 3 vols. London, 1974–78. (A classic literary-historical survey of forced labor in the Soviet Union.)

Sovetskie inzhenery: sbornik . Moscow, 1985.

Starr, Frederick. Melnikov: Solo Architect in a Mass Society . Princeton, 1978.

———. "Visionary Town Planning during the Cultural Revolution." In Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1928–1931 , ed. Sheila Fitzpatrick, 207–40. Bloomington, 1978.

Stewart-Murray, Catherine, duchess of Atholl. The Conscription of a People . London, 1932. (A consideration of Soviet and unofficial information about restrictive labor legislation and forced labor in the USSR.)

Strong, Anna Louise. I Change Worlds: The Re-making of an American . New York, 1935. (A fellow-traveler's experiences from 1921 to 1934; the chapters "Early American Immigrants in Russia," "We Organize the Moscow News ," and "Americans of the Five-Year Plan" are of special interest.)

Sutton, Antony. Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development . Vol. 1, 1917–1930 . Vol. 2, 1930–1945 . Vol. 3, 1945–1965 . Stanford, 1968–73.

Swianciewicz, Stanislaw. Forced Labor and Economic Development: An Enquiry into the Experience of Soviet Industrialization . Oxford, 1965.

Taylor, Richard. Film Propaganda: Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany . London, 1979.

———. The Politics of the Soviet Cinema, 1917–1929 . Cambridge, 1979.

Taylor, Richard, and Ian Christie. The Film Factory: Russian and Soviet Cinema in Documents, 1896–1939 . Cambridge, Mass., 1988.

Taylor, Sally R. Stalin's Apologist: Walter Duranty, the New York Time's Man in Moscow . Oxford, 1990.

Timbres, Harry, and Rebecca Timbres. We Didn't Ask Utopia: A Quaker Family in Soviet Russia . New York, 1939. (An account by American epidemiologists who fought malaria in the Volga region from 1936 to 1937.)

Trincher, Gertruda, and Karl Trincher. Rutgers . Moscow, 1967. (The biography of a Dutch Communist, president of the Autonomous Industrial Colony of foreign workers employed in establishing the metallurgical industry of western Siberia in the 1920s; in the 1930s he was an engineering consultant on Soviet irrigation projects.)

Utley, Freda. Lost Illusion . London, 1949. (The memoirs of a British Communist economist who lived in the USSR for several years.)

———. Odyssey of a Liberal . Washington, 1970. (Utley's later memoirs, including a period in the 1950s when she was a cold warrier, and her subsequent return to liberalism. Much of the text relates the author's moral anguish in the 1930s over her disenchantment with the Soviet experiment, her hesitation to speak out for fear of harming the cause of socialism, and her unhappiness as intellectuals turned a deaf ear to her accounts of life in the USSR.)

Von Eisenstein bis Tarkowsky: Die Malerei der Filmregisseure in der UdSSR . Compiled and edited by Igor Jassenlawsky, Kora Zeretelli, and Jewgeny Wolkowisky. Munich, 1990. (Catalog of a museum exhibition.)

Vucinich, Alexander. Soviet Economic Institutions: The Social Structure of Production Units . Stanford, 1952. (Though in some regards dated, this pioneering study contains valuable material on social relations inside industrial enterprises, collective farms, and workers' cooperatives in the Stalin era.)

Werskey, Gary. The Visible College . London, 1977. (A study of five British scientists and their belief in the Soviet experiment under Stalin.)

White, William C. These Russians . New York, 1931. (A collection of articles about people in various walks of life; the chapter "Andrei Georgievitch: The Engineer" is based on meetings with an architect who later defected and committed suicide.)

Youngblood, Denise. "The Fate of Soviet Popular Cinema during the Stalin Revolution." Russian Review 50 (April 1991): 148–62.

———. Soviet Cinema in the Silent Era, 1918–1935 . Austin, 1991.

Zaleski, Eugene. Planning for Economic Growth in the Soviet Union, 1918–1932 . Chapel Hill, 1962.

———. Stalinist Planning for Economic Growth, 1933–1952 . Chapel Hill, 1980.