Index

A

Adenauer, Konrad, 264 n5

Advertising, 17 , 88 -89, 112

AFAP (Association française pour l'accroisement de la productivité), 74 , 79 , 80 , 84 , 96 -97

Aimée, Anouk, 126

A la recherche de la France,203

Algeria. See North Africa

Alphand, Hervé, 144 -45

Alphandéry, Claude, 108 , 112 -13, 196 ;

on American popular culture, 118

Altman, Georges, 46

Les Américains (Bosquet), 108 , 256 n10

Les Américains chez nous,10

Les Américains sont-ils adultes? (Bosquet), 190

American anti-communism. See Cold War politics

American foreign policy. See American hegemony; Cold War politics

American hegemony, 2 , 30 , 68 , 103 , 186 , 214 ;

and Cold War politics, 15 , 136 ;

French public opinion, 16 , 34 , 35 ;

and Gaullist policies, 136 , 145 , 194 . See also Consumer society

American investment, in France, 151 , 154 -84;

Bull case, 165 -66, 168 , 169 , 170 , 265 n31;

and Common Market, 157 -59, 168 , 170 , 176 , 182 , 268 n71, 269 n89, 270 n103;

and Common Market investment, 181 , 269 n95, 270 n97;

decline of, 170 -71, 176 , 182 , 268 n71, 270 n106;

Le Défi américain,132 , 154 , 178 -80;

and European community, 162 -63, 168 , 180 , 269 n89;

and French politics, 170 , 266 n47;

French public opinion, 161 -62, 164 -65, 166 -70, 266 n41;

French substitutes, 170 , 267 n48;

and Gaullist anti-American policy, 154 -56, 159 -60, 182 -83;

Giscard administration, 215 -16;

and international monetary policy, 171 -76, 267 n59;

layoffs, 156 , 159 , 168 ;

and leftist anti-Americanism, 169 -70, 266 n46;

Libby McNeill case, 157 , 164 -65, 168 , 170 ;

magnitude of, 160 -61,181-82, 264 n9, 270 n103;

Ralston Purina case, 165 ;

screening program, 176 -78, 180 , 182 -83, 268 n80, 269 n91;

selection criteria, 163 -66, 265 nn21, 22 ;

Simca takeover, 156 -57, 159 , 169 ;

solicitation of, 159 , 163 -64, 180 -81, 183 -84

Americanization, 1 -6, 149 -52;

Euro Disneyland, 223 , 227 -30;

franglais, 132 , 191 -93, 225 , 271 n12;

as global process, 3 -4, 6 , 185 -86, 201 ;

limits of, 231 -33, 276 n1. See also American investment, in France; American social model

American military presence, in France, 18 , 21 , 139 , 186 ;

French public opinion, 30 , 32 -33, 36 , 40 , 134 -35, 142 , 261 n16

American popular culture: as cultural transformation, 117 -18;

current debate, 234 ;

French public opinion, 9 , 17 , 34 -35, 36 ;

and Gaullist policies, 191 , 192 -93, 216 -17, 271 nn11, 12 ;

interwar perceptions or, 2 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 117 ;

and leftist anti-Americanism, 41 , 116 -21, 126 -27, 219 ;

and 1960s debate, 150 -51, 190 -91;

resistance to, 151 , 263 n45

American productivity: Communist critique of, 195 , 271 n19;

economic environment, 91 -92, 254 n69;

human factors, 82 , 84 , 96 -97;

human relations approach, 89 -91;

idealization of, 81 , 83 ;

labor force, 92 -94, 254 n74;

management structure, 84 -85, 253 n48;

marketing, 88 -89;

natural endowment, 82 , 84 , 194 -95, 253 n44;

and 1960s discussion, 205 -10, 272 -73nn43, 49 , 51 ;

openness, 86 -87;

skepticism about, 90 -91, 92 , 102 ;

technical factors, 87 -88, 96 . See also Productivity program

American public reactions, 16 , 173 , 242 n1

American social model, 104 , 259 n81;

and American social science, 110 , 130 , 257 n14;

and Coca-Cola affair, 65 , 68 -69;

conformism, 2 , 10 -11, 12 , 115 -16, 146 -47, 190 ;

counterculture, 186 -87, 197 , 198 -99, 200 -201 210 ;

current debate, 233 -35;

and definitions of anti-Americanism, 8 -9;

and French national identity, 4 , 30 , 33 , 235 -37;

and French public opinion, 16 -17, 31 , 34 -35, 152 , 190 , 218 , 271 n6;

as global issue, 3 -4, 6 , 185 -86, 201 ;

and imperialism, 193 -95;

interwar period, 2 , 10 -14;

and leftist anti-Americanism, 40 , 41 , 108 , 115 -16, 124 -26, 196 -201;

and 1950s debate, 3 , 33 , 104 -30;

and 1960s debate, 185 -211;

and 1970s debate, 216 -19;

optimism, 121 -24;

positive aspects of, 50 , 108 -9, 111 , 190 , 201 -10, 221 -22, 272 -73n43;

racism, 13 -14, 28 , 50 , 193 , 198 , 200 . See also Americanization; American popular culture; American productivity; Consumer society

American tourists, 19 -20, 225

America the Menace (Duhamel), 9 , 11 -12, 191

Amérique (Baudrillard), 222 -23

L'L'Amérique est-elle trop riche? (Alphandéry), 112 -13

Anglo-American Council on Productivity, 74

Anti-Americanism, 5 -7;

definitions or, 7 -9;

New Right, 216 -18;

reversal of, 212 -30, 234 -35;

State Department concern, 24 -25. See also American social model; French public opinion; Gaullist policies; Leftist anti-Americanism

Anti-Semitism, 51 , 200

Arab immigration, 4 , 6 , 226

Aragon, Louis, 38 , 40 , 41 , 232

Ardant, Gabriel, 79 , 98 , 99 -100

Arden House conference (1956), 103 , 256 n1

Arguments, 259 n83

Armand, Louis, 205 -6, 209

Arnavon, Cyrille, 108 , 125 , 202

Aron, Raymond, 108 , 187 , 217 , 256 n1;

on American social model, 113 , 114 , 118 , 120 , 124 , 125 ;

as Atlanticist, 16 , 38 , 45 , 47 ;

on neutralism, 45 , 46 ;

softening of anti-Americanism, 129 , 130 , 204 -5, 210 , 221

Aron, Robert, 13 , 22

Association française pour l'accroisement de la productivité (AFAP), 74 , 79 , 80 , 84 , 96 -97

Association France-Etats-Unis, 25 , 45

Atlanticism. See Cold War politics; North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Auden, W. H., 28

Auriol, Vincent, 22

B

Baudrillard, Jean, 188 , 222 -23

Baumgartner, Wilfred, 267 n59

Béguin, Albert, 108 , 116 , 117 , 124 , 128

Bell, Daniel, 257 n14

La belle Américaine,103 , 104

Benard, André, 273 n51

Benoist, Jean-Marie, 217

Berlin crisis, 137

Beuve-Beuve-Méry, Hubert, 43 -45, 51 -52, 64 , 108 , 122 , 142 , 247 n30

Bidault, Georges, 38 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 64 , 73 , 249 n75

Bingham, Barry, 251 n15

Bissell, Richard, 72 , 73

Bloch-Bloch-Lainé, François, 209

Blough, Roger, 267 n59

Blum-Byrnes agreement (1946), 19

Bohlen, Charles, 144 -45, 148

Bonnet, Henri, 62 , 63

Bosquet, Alain, 190 , 193 , 256 n10

Boulet, Paul, 60 , 61 , 65 , 67

Bourdet, Claude, 46

Bourricaud, François, 110 , 129

Brasillach, Robert, 13

Bruce, David, 62 , 249 n75

Bruckberger, Raymond, 117

Buchwald, Art, 8 , 173

Buron, Robert, 73 , 82 , 84 , 251 n15

C

Caffery, Jefferson, 25

Camus, Albert, 43 , 108

Le Canard Enchaîné,219

Le Cancer américain (Aron & Dandieu), 13

Caron, François, 267 n48

Carter, Jimmy, 214

Cartier, Raymond, 209

Cazes, Bernard, 202

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 21 , 26 , 28

Centre d'études générales d'organisation scientifique (CEGOS), 206 , 272 -73n43

Ce que dit la presse américaine,25

CFTC (Confédération française des travailleurs chrétiens), 78 , 97

CGC (Confédération générale des cadres), 78 , 97

CGPME (Confédération générale des petites et moyennes entreprises), 166

CGT (Confédération générale du travail), 21 , 75 -76, 78 -79, 98 , 100 , 227

Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, 266 n47, 269 n91

Chalandon, Albin, 176 , 209

Chevènement, Jean-Pierre, 219 -20

Chinard, Gilbert, 25

Chirac, Jacques, 223

Les Choses (Perec), 151

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 21 , 26 , 28

Claudel, Paul, 45

CNE See Comité national de la productivité

CNPF (Conseil national du patronat français), 73 , 98 , 99 , 166 -67

Coca-Cola affair, 52 -69;

Coca-Cola Export Company retaliation, 58 , 62 -64, 249 n75;

and Cold War politics, 54 , 63 ;

and domestic beverage industry, 55 , 56 -57, 58 , 59 -60, 248 n62;

European market, 52 -54, 68 ;

French capitulation, 66 -68;

French market, 54 -55, 68 , 250 n95;

French press coverage, 45 , 55 , 56 , 64 -65;

and Marshall Plan, 58 , 62 , 63 , 64 ;

Ministry of Finance opposition, 55 , 57 -59, 248 n59, 249 nn64, 67 ;

National Assembly discussion, 59 -61;

PCF reactions, 55 -56, 59 -60, 61 , 68

Cocteau, Jean, 109

Cold War politics, 10 ;

American anti-communism, 20 -21, 36 , 44 ;

American cultural offensive, 21 , 25 -27, 28 , 36 , 47 , 244 n32;

and American hegemony, 15 , 136 ;

and Coca-Cola affair, 54 , 63 ;

Cuban missile crisis (1962), 135 , 137 , 138 ;

détente, 214 , 215 ;

EDC ratification issue, 20 , 22 , 47 , 122 ;

Fourth Republic anti-Communism, 26 -27, 48 -50;

and French-American relations, 18 -19, 20 , 23 , 136 -37;

French public opinion, 26 , 30 , 31 -32, 34 , 36 ;

and Gaullist policies, 47 -48, 135 -36, 145 ;

and leftist anti-Americanism, 42 , 48 , 103 -4, 127 -29, 234 , 259 nn83, 86 ;

McCarthyism, 21 , 23 , 28 , 50 , 51 ;

and Marshall Plan, 72 , 74 ;

neutralism, 42 , 43 -46, 247 n30;

1956 changes in, 103 -4, 127 -29, 259 nn83, 86 ;

in 1960s, 135 -36;

and productivity program, 76 , 100 ;

West Germany issue, 10 , 20 , 23 , 30 , 34 , 48 , 103 -4. See also North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Combat, 28

Comité national de la productivité (CNP), 73 -74, 78 , 79 , 92 , 97 , 98 , 252 n26. See also Productivity program

Commissariat général à la productivité, 79

Commissariat général du plan, 74 -75, 164 , 202

Common Market, 135 ;

and American investment in France, 157 -59, 168 , 170 , 176 , 182 , 268 n71, 269 n89, 270 n103;

British membership, 139 , 157 , 159 , 168 ;

and Gaullist policies, 139 , 157 -59, 168 , 263 -64n5;

and international monetary policy, 175 , 268 n67;

investment in France, 181 , 269 n95, 270 n97

Communists, 16 , 28 , 33 , 34 , 38 -43, 195 , 216 , 245 n65, 271 n19;

and American investment, 169 , 266 n41;

and Coca-Cola affair, 54 , 55 -56, 59 -60, 61 , 68 ;

and intelligentsia, relations with, 40 , 41 , 50 , 51 , 127 -28, 259 n83;

and Gaullist policy, 143 , 262 n18;

and Marshall Plan, 32 , 72 , 73 , 74 -79, 100 ;

and 1980s, 223 ;

and Paix et Liberté, 27 ;

Ridgway incident, 48 -50, 247 n40;

and Rosenberg trial, 52 ;

and Sartre, 50 , 51 , 127 -28. See also Cold War politics; Confédération générale du travail; L'L'Humanité; Leftist anti-Americanism

Confédération française des travailleurs chrétiens (CFTC), 78 , 97

Confédération générale de l'agriculture, 56 -57

Confédération générale des cadres (CGC), 78 , 97

Confédération générale des petites et moyennes entreprises (CGPME), 166

Confédération générale du travail (CGT), 21 , 75 -76, 78 -79, 98 , 100 , 227

Conformism, 2 , 10 -12, 115 -16, 146 -47, 190. See also American social model

Congress for Cultural Freedom, 25 , 28 , 46 , 47

Conseil national du patronat français (CNPF), 73 , 98 , 99 , 166 -67

Conseil supérieur de l'hygiène publique, 62

Consumer society, 3 , 4 , 257 n23;

and American productivity, 88 -89;

and Coca-Cola affair, 65 , 68 -69;

and French national identity, 3 , 113 -14;

French public opinion, 16 -17, 31 , 152 ;

Gaullist policies, 146 , 195 , 202 ;

growth in France, 104 -5, 106 , 129 , 149 -50, 186 , 231 -32, 256 nn4, 6 ;

interwar perceptions of, 2 , 11 , 12 -13, 108 ;

and 1950s debate, 110 -14;

and 1960s debate, 149 -52, 188 -90, 197 ;

positive analyses of, 111 , 202 . See also Americanization; American social model

Counterpart funds, 19 , 242 n8

Courtin, René, 45 , 247 n30

Crozier, Michel, 108 , 110 , 115 , 129 , 130 , 217 ;

on French resistance to modernization, 203 -4, 207 , 208

Cuban missile crisis (1962), 135 , 137 , 138

Curtis, James, 55 , 58 -59

D

Dandieu, Arnaud, 13

Dassault, Marcel, 209

d'Astier de la Vigerie, Emmanuel, 40

David, Jean-Paul, 26 -27

de Beauvoir, Simone, 51 , 108 , 115 , 123 , 187 -88, 196 , 202

de Benoist, Alain, 217 -18

Debord, Guy, 189

Debré Michel, 159 , 163 , 175 , 215 , 256 n1;

and screening American investment, 176 -77, 178 , 180 , 182 -83, 268 n80

Defferre, Gaston, 142 , 169 -70, 194 , 209 , 266 n46

Le Défi américain (Servan-Schreiber), 132 , 154 , 178 -80, 206 -10

de Gaulle, Charles, ix , 7 , 18 , 129 , 133 , 144 -49, 211 ;

and American investment, 157 , 164 , 166 , 176 , 182 -83;

foreign policy, 131 , 134 -40;

and international monetary policy, 171 -76, 267 -68nn64, 67 ;

and NATO, 47 -48;

and 1968 civil disorder, 189 ;

resignation of, 176 , 180 , 214 . See also Gaullist policies

de Jouvenel, Bertrand, 188

Democracy in America (de Tocqueville), 1

Dequae, André, 162

de Rougemont, Denis, 46

de Tocqueville, Alexis, 1 , 7 , 115

Dillon, C. Douglas, 24 , 243 n23, 267 n59

Domenach, Jean-Marie, 108 , 141 , 187 , 205 , 222 , 256 n1;

on American social model, 116 , 117 , 122 -23, 124 , 125 -26;

on Cold War politics, 42 -43, 51 , 128 ;

on consumer society, 109 ,

111 -12, 113 , 197 ;

softening of anti-Americanism, 129 -30, 196 -97, 210

Dos Passos, John, 10

Drancourt, Michel, 209 , 210

Dreiser, Theodore, 10

Dubinsky, David, 94

Duclos, Jacques, 48 , 49 -50

Duhamel, Georges, 2 , 9 , 11 -12, 22 , 109 -10, 112 , 191

Dulles, John Foster, 23 , 27 , 122

Duverger, Maurice, 43 , 45 , 168 , 169 , 187 , 190 -91

E

Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), 19 , 21 , 70 , 71 , 79 , 97 . See also Marshall Plan; Productivity program

EDC (European Defense Community), 20 , 22 , 47 , 122

EEC (European Economic Community). See Common Market

Eisenhower administration, 23 , 51 , 117 , 129 , 137 -38

Elgozy, Georges, 188

Eluard, Paul, 40

Emmanuel, Pierre, 44 , 45 , 129

L'Empire américain (Julien), 132 , 194 , 196 -97

Erhard, Ludwig, 162

ERP (European Recovery Program). See Marshall Plan

Escarpit, Robert, 64

Esprit , 16 , 51 , 108 , 142 ;

on American social model, 12 -13, 111 -12, 115 -16, 121 , 124 , 257 n23;

on Communism, 40 , 42 , 43 ;

neutralism, 46 , 47 ;

softening of anti-Americanism, 129 -30, 196 -97, 204

Etiemble, René, 40 , 191 , 193 , 210 , 271 nn11, 12 . See also Béguin, Albert; Domenach, Jean-Marie

Euro Disneyland, 223 , 227 -30

European community, 5 -6, 162 -63, 168 , 180 , 269 n89. See also Common Market; European integration

European Defense Community (EDC), 20 , 22 , 47 , 122

European Economic Community. See Common Market

European integration: and American investment in France, 157 -59, 168 , 263 -64n5;

and Gaullist policies, 135 , 136 , 139 , 142 , 157 -59, 263 -64n5;

leftist support for, 169 -70, 266 n46;

in 1980s, 226

European Recovery Program (ERP). See Marshall Plan

Evans, Melvin, 90

L'Expansion , 206

L'Express , 151 , 178 , 200 , 206 , 209

F

Farley, James, 54 , 55 , 59 , 62 , 63 , 66 , 249 n67

Farrell, James T., 121

Faulkner, William, 10 , 28 , 41

Fauvet, Jacques, 256 n1

Le Figaro , 16

Finkielkraut, Alain, 228

Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 2

Fitzpatrick, Robert, 229

Flanner, Janet, 189

FO (Force ouvrière), 78 , 97 , 98

Fontaine, André, 108 , 113 , 117

Force de frappe . See French nuclear program

Force ouvrière (FO), 78 , 97 , 98

Ford, Gerald, 214

Ford, Henry, 2

Fourastié, Jean, 74 , 110 , 205 , 209

La France colonisée (Thibau), 217

France-Observateur , 46 , 47

Franco-American Convention of Establishment, 159

Franc-Tireur , 25 , 46

Franglais, 132 , 191 -93, 225 , 271 n12

French-American relations, 1 , 22 -23, 173 , 193 ;

"agonizing reappraisal" speech, 23 , 122 ;

and Cold War politics, 18 -19, 20 , 23 , 136 -37;

Gaullist policy, 131 , 134 -40, 145 , 152 -53;

and Marshall Plan, 19 -20;

and World War II, 2 , 17 -18. See also Cold War politics

French national identity, 4 -6, 9 , 21 ;

and American popular culture, 119 -21, 126 -27;

and American social model, 4 , 30 , 33 , 231 -37;

and consumer society, 3 , 113 -14;

and franglais, 191 -93;

and modernization, 4 , 240 nn4, 5 ;

and stereotypes, 33 , 35 -36, 190 , 271 n7;

and World War II, 18

French nuclear program, 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 141 , 142 , 160

French public opinion, 15 -16, 29 -35;

American investment, 161 -62, 164 -65, 166 -70, 266 n41;

American military presence, 30 , 32 -33, 36 , 40 , 134 -35, 142 , 261 n16;

American popular culture, 9 , 17 , 34 -35, 36 ;

and American social model, 16 -17, 31 , 34 -35, 152 , 190 , 218 , 271 n6;

and Coca-Cola affair, 62 ;

Cold War politics, 26 , 30 , 31 -32, 34 , 36 ;

consumer society, 16 -17, 31 , 152 ;

and Gaullist policies, 131 -32, 141 , 142 -44, 152 , 261 n17, 262 nn18, 22 , 23 ;

Marshall Plan, 31 , 34 , 36 ;

NATO, 32 , 38 , 143 , 245 n57, 261 n17, 262 n18;

1980s pro-Americanism, 224 -25, 275 n40, 276 n45;

and Reagan, 223 , 275 n37;

social and political distinctions, 33 -35;

Vietnam War, 131 -32, 194 . See also Anti-Americanism; French stereotypes, of America; Leftist anti-Americanism

French Resistance, 18

French stereotypes, of America, 9 -10, 13 -14, 218 , 241 n13;

and French national identity, 33 , 35 -36, 190 , 271 n7;

Gaullist, 145 -46;

in 1950s, 29 -30, 33 , 35 -36;

and pro-Americanism, 224 -25. See also American social model; French public opinion

Friedmann, Georges, 108 , 109 , 113 , 115

Front national, 226

Fulbright awards, 25

G

Galbraith, John Kenneth, 110 , 112 , 187 , 203

Gallo, Max, 228

Gasquel, Jacques, 273 n49

Gaullist policies: and American hegemony, 134 -40, 145 , 194 ;

and American popular culture, 191 , 192 -93, 216 -17, 271 nn11, 12 ;

Chirac administration, 223 ;

and Cold War politics, 34 , 47 -48, 135 -36, 145 ;

and Common Market, 139 , 157 -58, 168 , 263 -64n5;

and consumer society, 146 , 195 , 202 ;

and European integration, 135 , 136 , 139 , 142 , 157 -59, 263 -64n5;

foreign policy, 131 , 134 -40;

and French public opinion, 131 -32, 141 , 142 -44, 152 , 261 n17, 262 nn18, 22 , 23 ;

impact of, 152 -53;

later reversal of, 225 ;

and leftist anti-Americanism, 141 -42, 169 -70, 196 , 262 n22, 266 n46;

and Mitterrand administration, 223 ;

and NATO, 47 -48, 131 , 135 , 136 , 137 -39, 142 , 260 -61nn5, 6 ;

and North Africa, 129 , 136 , 138 ;

and reversal of anti-Americanism, 212 -14;

and Vietnam War, 131 , 138 . See also American investment, in France; de Gaulle, Charles; Rassemblement du peuple français

Gaument, Eric, 271 n19

Gélinier, Octave, 273 n43

Gellner, Ernest, 240 n5

Germany. See West Germany

Gilson, Etienne, 44

Gingembre, Léon, 78

Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 176 , 209 , 214 , 215 ;

and American investment, 157 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 170 ;

and international monetary policy, 171 -72

Gobard, Henri, 217

Gold standard. See International monetary policy

Great Britain, 19 , 20 , 138 ;

and Common Market, 139 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 168 , 263 -64n5;

productivity program in, 74 , 81

Grosser, Alfred, 256 n1

Groussard, Serge, 120 -21

Guerin, Daniel, 40 , 41 , 110

La Guerre culturelle (Gobard), 217

H

Hamon, Léo, 65

Harrington, Michael, 187

Harvard Business School, 84

Hemingway, Ernest, 41

Henri-Lévy, Bernard, 230

Herblock, 173

Hersch, Jeanne, 114

Hoffmann, Stanley, 141 , 203 , 208 , 256 n1

Hollywood, 10 , 11 , 12 , 19 , 126 -27, 151 , 219 . See also American popular culture

Hoover, J. Edgar, 29

L'L'Humanité , 40 , 48 , 55 , 216

Human relations approach, 89 -91

Hungarian revolution, 127 , 128

I

"Ici New York," 25

Identity of France, The (Braudel), 4

IMF (International Monetary Fund), 171 -72, 175 , 176 , 268 n67

Indochina, 19 , 20 , 30 , 38 , 243 n19. See also Vietnam War

Interest Equalization Tax (United States), 270 n106

International Harvester Company, 56

International monetary affairs, 171 -76, 267 n59, 267 -68n64, 268 n67

International Monetary Fund (IMF), 171 -72, 175 , 176 , 268 n67

Interwar period, 1 -2, 10 -14, 21 -22, 108 , 117

Israel, 144

Italy, 81 , 255 n98

J

Jeanneney, Jean-Marcel, 215

Jobert, Michel, 215 -16, 217

Johnson, Lyndon, 138 , 140 , 173 , 187

Joliot-Curie, Frédéric, 40

Joliot-Curie, Irène, 40

Journal de Californie (Morin), 198 -99, 204

Julien, Claude, 108 , 130 ;

on American social model, 115 , 117 , 122 , 125 , 259 n81;

on imperialism, 113 , 132 , 194 -95, 196 -97;

on Servan-Schreiber's analysis, 209 , 210 , 273 n52

Julliard, Jacques, 228

K

Kaplan, Harold, 244 n32

Kennedy, John F., 132 , 133 , 135 , 137 , 138

Kerouac, Jack, 187

Kindleberger, Charles, 203

Koestler, Arthur, 46

Korean War, 27 , 40 , 48 , 51 , 76 ;

French public opinion, 30 , 31 , 246 n18;

and Marshall Plan, 19 , 72 ;

Ridgway incident, 48 -50

Kristeva, Julia, 221

L

Labro, Philippe, 122

Lang, Jack, 219 , 220 , 222 , 228 , 229

Lazareff, Pierre, 209

Lefebvre, Henri, 188 , 189

Leftist anti-Americanism, 28 , 34 , 37 -52, 245 n65;

and American investment, 169 -70, 266 n46;

and American popular culture, 41 , 116 -21, 126 -27, 219 ;

and American social model, 40 , 41 , 108 , 115 -16, 121 -26, 196 -201;

Christian progressistes , 42 -43, 56 , 246 -47n18;

and Cold War politics, 42 , 48 , 234 ;

Communist propaganda, 38 -40, 42 , 55 -56;

compagnons de route , 40 -41, 50 ;

and French public opinion, 16 ;

and Gaullist policies, 141 -42, 169 -70, 196 , 262 n22, 266 n46;

"impossible dialogue," 220 -21;

limits of, 37 -38, 50 ;

and Marshall Plan, 38 , 39 -40, 42 -43, 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 -76, 246 n18;

Mitterrand administration, 219 -20, 222 ;

and NATO, 38 , 40 , 42 -43, 45 -46;

neutralism, 42 , 43 -46, 247 n30;

and 1956 changes in Cold War politics, 103 -4, 127 -29, 259 nn83, 86 ;

1960s, 132 , 140 , 141 -42, 196 -201;

popularizers, 107 -9;

Ridgway incident, 48 -50, 247 n40;

and Rosenberg trial, 7 , 37 , 50 , 51 -52;

Sartre denunciation, 7 , 50 -51;

softening of, 129 -30, 196 -201, 210 -11, 220 -23;

under Giscard administration, 216. See also Coca-Cola affair; Consumer society

Lemerle, Paul, 265 n22

Lens, Sidney, 115 -16

Lerner, Daniel, 130

Les Lettres françaises16

Lewis, Sinclair, 10

Libération , 219 , 221

Lipset, Seymour Martin, 257 n14

Lonely Crowd (Riesman), 201

Luethy, Herbert, 46

M

McCarthyism, 21 , 23 , 28 , 47 , 50 , 51

McNamara, Robert, 203

Maisonrouge, Jacques, 206 , 273 n51

Makinsky, Prince Alexander, 55 , 58 , 59 , 62 , 248 n62

Le Mal français (Peyrefitte), 214

Mallet, Serge, 141 , 142 , 169

Malraux, André, 28 , 47 , 191

Management, 84 -87, 115 , 125 , 205 -6, 253 n48, 272 -73n43

Marcellin, Raymond, 268 nn 79, 80

Marchais, Georges, 216

Marcuse, Herbert, 187 , 210

Maritain, Jacques, 108 , 122 -23, 124 -25

Marshall Plan, 19 -20, 250 n5;

and Coca-Cola affair, 58 , 62 , 63 , 64 ;

cultural offensive, 21 , 25 -27, 28 , 36 , 47 , 244 n32;

French public opinion, 31 , 34 , 36 ;

and leftist anti-Americanism, 38 , 39 -40, 42 -43, 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 -76, 246 n18;

publicity issues, 74 -75. See also Productivity program

Massé, Pierre, 202

Maulnier, Thierry, 13 , 46 , 209

Mauriac, François, 38 , 45

Maurice-Bokanowski, Michel, 156 , 163 , 176

Maurois, André, 16 , 38 , 108 ;

on American social model, 10 -11, 17 , 111 , 114 , 118 , 121 , 124 -25

Mayo, Elton, 89

Mémoires (Aron), 221

Mendès-France, Pierre, 23 , 178

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 40 , 230

Milhaud, Jean, 272 -73n43

Miller, Henry, 130

Mills, C. Wright, 110 , 118 , 187 , 194

Mitterrand, François, 169 , 209 , 216 , 219 -20, 223

Mnouchkine, Ariane, 228 , 229

Modernization: and anti-Americanism, 11 , 12 -13;

and French national identity, 4 , 240 nn4, 5 ;

French resistance to, 203 -4, 207 ;

and Marshall Plan, 19. See also Americanization; American social model; Marshall Plan; Productivity program

Le Monde , 37 , 142 , 194 -95, 200 ;

and Coca-Cola affair, 45 , 56 , 64 -65;

influence of, 16 , 108 , 234 , 256 n9;

on American investment, 165 , 168 -69, 176 ;

on American social model, 115 , 117 , 121 -22, 125 , 209 , 259 n81;

on Cold War politics, 43 -46, 51 , 103 -4, 247 n30;

on Euro Disneyland, 228 ;

softening of anti-Americanism, 130 , 196 , 225

Monnet, Jean, 74 , 75 , 202 , 205 , 209 , 251 n15

Montand, Yves, 40

Morin, Edgar, 40 , 41 , 129 , 198 -99, 204 , 210 , 259 n83

Mounier, Emmanuel, 12 -13, 40 , 42 , 43

Mouvement des partisans de la paix, 38

Mouvement républicain populaire (MRP), 34 , 38 , 46 , 60 , 61

Mutual Security Agency (MSA), 70 , 73 , 79 . See also Marshall Plan

N

Nabokov, Nicolas, 28

NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Neutralism, 42 , 43 -46, 247 n30;

Gaullist, 139 , 261 n6

Ni Marx, ni Jésus (Revel), 198 , 199 -201, 229

1960s, 131 , 132 -34;

Americanization, 149 -52;

American popular culture, 150 -51, 190 -91;

American productivity, 205 -10, 272 -73n43, 273 nn49, 51 ;

American social model debate, 149 -52, 185 -211;

civil disorder in 1968, 146 , 148 , 180 , 185 , 189 , 197 ;

Cold War politics, 135 -36;

leftist anti-Americanism, 132 , 140 , 141 -42, 196 -201. See also American investment, in France; Gaullist policies

Nixon, Richard M., 148 -49, 180 ,214

Nora, Pierre, 205 , 220 , 257 n14, 259 n86

North Africa: American policy toward, 20 , 23 -24, 30 , 32 , 243 nn23, 24 ;

and Gaullist policies, 129 , 136 , 138

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 19 , 22 , 23 , 28 ;

and American military presence, 21 , 139 ;

and franglais, 192 -93;

French public opinion, 32 , 38 , 143 , 245 n57, 261 n17, 262 n18;

Gaullist policies, 47 -48, 131 , 135 , 136 , 137 -39, 142 , 260 -61n5, 261 n6;

and leftist anti-Americanism, 38 , 40 , 42 -43, 45 -46;

Ridgway incident, 48 -50. See also Cold War politics;

Neutralism

Le nouveau nouveau Monde , (Julien), 125

Nouvel Observateur , 221 , 228

O

OAS (Organisafion de l'armée secrète), 189

OEEC (Organization for European Economic Cooperation), 158

"L'Oeuvre du XXe Siècle," 28 , 47

Optimism, debate over American, 121 -24

Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS), 189 , 271 n11

Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), 158

Organization Man (Whyte), 128 , 203

P

Packard, Vance, 112 , 187

Paix et Liberté, 27

Parlez-vous franglais? , 132 , 191 -93

Parsons, Talcott, 257 n14

Parti communiste français (PCF). See Communists

PCF. See Communists

Perec, Georges, 151

Personalism, 13

Pétain, Philippe, 18

Petsche, Maurice, 19 , 58 -59, 242 n8

Peyrefitte, Alain, 214 , 217

Picasso, Pablo, 40

Pinay, Antoine, 22 -23, 159 , 243 n19, 247 n40;

and Ridgway incident, 48 -50, 247 n40

Pinto, Diana, 220

Plan calcul,215

Planning (national economic). See Commissariat général du plan

Pleven, René, 148

Pompidou, Georges, 163 , 164 , 170 , 176 , 180 -81, 214 , 266 n47, 268 n80

Pouderoux, Noël, 273 n43

Pourquoi l'l'Amérique? , 132

Preuves , 25 , 38 , 46 -47

Pro-Americanism, 16 , 34 , 37 -38, 205 -6, 223 -25, 275 n40, 276 n45. See also American productivity; American social model; Crozier, Michel; French public opinion; French stereotypes, of America; Maurois, André; Monnet, Jean; Morin, Edgar; Preuves; Revel, Jean-Jean-François

Productivity program: and Cold War politics, 76 , 100 ;

Communist opposition to, 74 -79, 100 ;

cultural issues, 100 -102;

definitions of productivity, 71 , 250 n2;

establishment of, 73 -74, 251 n15;

and Gaullist policy, 149 ;

impact of, 95 -100, 255 n98;

missions, 70 -71, 80 -95, 101 ;

and non-Communist trade unions, 78 , 92 -93, 97 -98, 99 , 252 n26;

participants in missions, 79 -80, 252 nn32, 37 ;

revolutionary implications of, 94 -95;

traveling exhibition, 76 , 77 . See also American productivity

Q

Que sais-je? , 130

Queuille, Henri, 58

La Quinzaine , 42

R

Racism, 13 -14, 28 , 50 , 193 , 198 , 200

Rapports France-Etats-Unis,25 , 29 , 32

Rassemblement démocratique révolutionnaire, 46

Rassemblement du peuple français (RPF), 74 -78

Reader's Digest,33 , 41 , 44 , 65 , 125 , 126 -27;

increasing sales of, 29 , 151

Reagan, Ronald, 219 , 223 , 275 n37

Revel, Jean-François, 198 , 199 -201, 210 , 229

Ridgway incident, 48 -50

Riesman, David, 110 , 128 , 187 , 195 , 201 , 203

Rockefeller, David, 181

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 18

Rosenberg trial, 7 , 37 , 47 , 50 , 51 -52

Rostow, Walt, 257 n14

Rousset, David, 46

Roy, Claude, 40 , 41 , 108 , 115 , 118 , 127 -28

RPF. See Rassemblement du peuple français

Rueff, Jacques, 172 -73

S

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 29 , 46 , 108 , 119 , 128 ;

denunciation of America (1952), 7 , 17 , 50 -51;

on optimism, 123 -24;

and PCF, 43 , 50 , 51 , 127 -28;

and Vietnam War, 140 , 187 -88

Schneiter, Pierre, 60 , 61

Schuman, Robert, 249 n75

Schwoebel, Jean, 259 n81

SDRs (Special Drawing Rights), 175

Sélection du Reader's Digest . See Reader's Digest

Serres, Michel, 229

Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques, 132 , 154 , 178 -80, 206 -10, 266 n47

Shils, Edward, 130

Siegfried, André, 108 , 187 ;

on American popular culture, 2 , 119 -20;

on conformism, 10 -11, 12 ;

on consumer society, 2 , 17 , 113 , 114

Silone, Ignazio, 46

Socialist party, 46 , 169 , 209 , 216 , 219 -20, 222 , 223 . See also Leftist anti-Americanism

Sollers, Philippe, 221

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 214

Soustelle, Jacques, 24

Soviet Union, 15 , 31 , 187 , 210 , 214 , 220 . See also Cold War politics

Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), 175 , 176 , 268 n67

Stallone, Sylvester, 228 -29

Steinbeck, John, 10

St-Geours, Jean, 205 , 206

Suez Canal crisis (1956), 24

Suffert, Georges, 222

T

Tati, Jacques, 232

Témoignage chrétien,64 , 65

Les Temps modernes,16 , 43 , 46 , 108 , 115 , 119 , 128

Thibau, Jacques, 217

Time, 199

Touraine, Alain, 4 , 110 , 130 , 188

Trabucchi, Guiseppe, 162

Trade unions, 78 , 92 -93, 97 -98, 99 , 252 n26. See also Confédération français des travailleurs chrétiens; Confédération générale des cadres; Confédération générale du travail; Force ouvrière

Treaty of Rome 157 , 158 , 263 -64n5, 269 n89. See also Common Market

Troyat, Henri, 108

U

L'Unità , 54

United Kingdom. See Great Britain

U.S. Information Agency, 25 , 121 -22

U.S. State Department, 20 , 21 , 24 , 62 , 193 , 243 n19. See also French-American relations; Marshall Plan

V

Vercors, 40 , 108 , 118 , 127 -28

Vichy government, 18

La Vie américaine,130

Vietnam War, 138 , 140 , 185 , 187 -88, 189 ;

American defeat in, 214 ;

American peace movement, 186 , 198 -99, 201 ;

French public opinion, 131 -32, 194

Villiers, Georges, 167 , 267 n59

Vive la société de consommation (St-Geours), 206

Voice of America, 25

W

West Germany, 139 , 255 n98;

American policy toward, 10 , 20 , 23 , 30 , 34 , 48 , 103 -4

Whyte, William H., 110 , 128 , 203

Wilson, Harold, 181

Winock, Michel, 121

Woodruff, Robert, 52 , 53

Wylie, Laurence, 105 , 203

Compositor: Fog Press
Text: 10/13 Galliard
Display: Galliard
Printer: Haddon Craftsmen
Binder: Haddon Craftsmen