Selected Bibliography

Note on repositories (all in California) . Perhaps the single most useful collection of Mono Lake materials is the Mono Lake Research Library, maintained at Lee Vining by the Mono Lake Committee. The most nearly complete set of relevant legal documents is at the Eldorado County Superior Court in South Lake Tahoe; some case records are in county courthouses in Markleeville (Alpine County), Bridgeport (Mono County), Sacramento (Sacramento County), and Sonora (Tuolumne County), as well as at the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals in San Francisco. The State Water Resources Control Board in Sacramento has sketchy records from early Mono Basin actions and voluminous ones after 1989. Many significant nonlegal documents are reproduced in court and water board records as exhibits. Correspondence in the California Trout Mono Basin litigation can be found at the organizations San Francisco headquarters and at the law offices of Barrett W. McInerney in Van Nuys (Los Angeles). Important materials can also be found at the Great Basin Unified Air Pollution Control District (Bishop), the Mono Basin National Forest Scenic Area (Lee Vining), the Mono Lake Tufa State Reserve (Lee Vining), and the California Resources Agency Library, managed by the California Department of Fish and Game (Sacramento).

At the University of California at Berkeley, the Bancroft Library and the Water Resources Center Archives have some historical documents not available elsewhere. (The Mono Lake Committee's inactive files are being transferred piecemeal to the Bancroft.) The library and the photo archive at the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power offer unique materials. The J. B. Clover Collection, including many historic photographs, is housed at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California. The Mono Basin Historical Society in Lee Vining and the Eastern California Museum in Independence also deserve mention.

The Album: Times and Tales of Inyo-Mono . Bishop: Chalfant Press. Local history periodical, quarterly 1987–92, annual since 1993.

Austin, Mary. The Land of Little Rain . 1901. Reprint New York: Penguin, 1988. The classic about California east of the Sierra (and an early example of unsentimental nature writing).

Babb, Dave. "The Mono Lake Wars." Album (March 1988): 19–21. Oil and radium rushes at Mono Lake around 1900, as reported by the Inyo Register and the Bodie Miner .

Bailey, Roy A. Geologic Map of Long Valley Caldera, Mono-Inyo Craters Volcanic Chain, and Vicinity, Eastern California . Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1–1933. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989. Two sheets and accompanying text. Engrossing account of local vulcanism.

Baiocchi, Joel. "Use It or Lose It: California Fish and Game Code Section 5937 and Instream Fishery Resources." U.C. Davis Law Review 14 (Winter 1980): 431–460. A prescient call for enforcement of the law requiring water releases through, or around, dams.

Bean, Betty. Horseshoe Canyon: A Brief History of the June Lake Loop . Bishop: Chalfant Press, 1977. The founding of the Mono Basins largest community.

Botkin, Daniel, Wallace S. Broecker, Lorne G. Everett, Joseph Shapiro, and John A. Wiens. The Future of Mono Lake: Report of the Community and Organization Research Institute "Blue Ribbon Panel." Water Resources Center Report No. 68. Riverside: University of California, 1988. The second major government-sanctioned study of Mono Lake turned the debate away from very low lake levels. Five final reports of the subcontractors are separate volumes.

Brechin, Gray. "Elegy for a Dying Lake." California Living (San Francisco Examiner ), 1 October 1978. Much-quoted early lament and call to action.

———. "A Matter of Trust." San Francisco Focus (September 1985): 115–118. The role of Tim Such.

Brewer, William H. Up and Down California in 1860–1864: The Journal of William H. Brewer . 1930. Reprint Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966. Fascinating throughout; just a few pages on Mono Basin.

Browne, J. Ross. A Trip to Bodie Bluff and the Dead Sea of the West (Mono Lake) in 1863 . 1865. Reprint Golden, Colorado: Outbooks, 1981. Last section treats Mono islands, volcanoes, tufa towers, alkali flies, and panoramas.

Cain, Ella M. The Story of Early Mono County . San Francisco: Fearon Publishers, 1961. A disjointed but valuable series of historical sketches by a descendant of local pioneers.

Calhoun, Margaret. Pioneers of the Mono Basin . Lee Vining: Artemisia Press, 1992. Similar to Cain's work.

California Attorney General. Letters from Ralph W. Scott, deputy attorney general, to Seth Gordon, director, California Department of Fish and Game. 26 August 1953: The Hot Creek Agreement excusing the Department of Water and Power from releasing flows through its Mono County dams is valid, 11 July 1955: The new Fish and Game Code Section 5946 does not apply to cases where preliminary permits were issued before the effective date. 26 June 1956: The dewatering of the Owens Gorge is legal and irrevocable.

California Department of Fish and Game. Rush Creek: Stream Evaluation Report 91–2 . Sacramento: California Department of Fish and Game, 1991. Recommended flow regimes and habitat restoration work for the benefit of brown trout. Similar two-volume reports for Walker Creek (92-1), Parker Creek (92-2), South Parker Creek (92–3), the upper Owens River (93-1), and Lee Vining Creek (93-2).

California Department of Parks and Recreation. Bodie State Historic Park . Sacramento: California Department of Parks and Recreation, 1988.

California Senate Committee on Local Governmental Agencies. Report Concerning Application of City of Los Angeles for Purchase of Federal Lands in Mono County, October 19, 1945 . In 1944, Water and Power sought to acquire 23,851 acres of public land in Mono County, but opposition, exemplified by this report, killed the plan.

California State Water Resources Control Board. Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Review of the Mono Basin Water Rights of the City of Los Angeles . Sacramento: California State Water Resources Control Board, 1993. Three volumes, 28 auxiliary reports: the most massive compilation of data concerning Mono Lake.

———. Final Environmental Impact Report for the Review of the Mono Basin Water Rights of the City of Los Angeles . Sacramento: California State Water Resources Control Board, 1994. Reassesses the effects of various lake levels, incorporating new findings especially on tufa, sand tufa, and alkali flies.

California Trout. Streamkeeper's Log . San Francisco. Organizational newsletter since 1971; regular coverage of Mono events after 1984.

Cameron, Robert, and Harold Gilliam. Above Yosemite: A New Collection of Aerial Photographs of Yosemite National Park, California . San Francisco: Cameron & Co., 1983. Includes Mono Basin; text by Gilliam.

Chalfant, Willie A. The Story of Inyo . 1933. Reprint Bishop: Chalfant Press, 1975. The Inyo side of the Inyo—Los Angeles story.

Chasan, Daniel Jack. "Mono Lake vs. Los Angeles: A Tug-of-War for Precious Water." Smithsonian (February 1981): 42–50. Among the most thorough of the early national articles.

City of Los Angeles, Mayor's Blue Ribbon Committee on Department of Water and Power Rate Structure. Water Rate Structure Report . Los Angeles: City of Los Angeles, 1977. Prior to 1977, Los Angeles had rewarded heavy users with lower rates; this report led to adoption of a uniform price per gallon.

City of Los Angeles, Mayor's Blue Ribbon Committee on Water Rates. Proposed Water Rates . Los Angeles: City of Los Angeles, 1992. Acting on the advice of this second Blue Ribbon Committee, the city shifted water costs to the heaviest users, encouraging conservation.

Cloud, Preston, and Kenneth R. Lajoie. "Calcite-Impregnated Defluidization Structures in Littoral Sands of Mono Lake, California." Science 210 (November 28,1980): 1009–1012. Sand tufa, with cover photo of lithic tufa.

Constantine, Helen. Plant Communities of the Mono Basin . Lee Vining: Mono Lake Committee, 1993. Thirty characteristic plants in ecological context.

Dana, Gayle L., Robert Jellison, John M. Melack, and Gwen L. Starrett. "Relationships Between Artemia monica Life History Characteristics and Salinity." Hydrobiologia 263 (July 16, 1993): 129–143. A summation growing out of work for the State Water Resources Control Board; incorporates results of experiments conducted by the Department of Water and Power.

Dana, Gayle L., and Petra H. Lenz. "Effects of Increasing Salinity on an Artemia Population from Mono Lake, California." Oecologia 68 (February 1986): 428–436. Based on laboratory experiments, finds that shrimp cysts fail to hatch when salinity reaches 133 grams/liter, or a lake level of about 6,357 feet.

Davis, Emma Lou. An Ethnography of the Kuzedika Paiute of Mono Lake, Mono County, California . University of Utah Department of Anthropology Anthropological Papers 75. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1965. A basic work on the Kuzedika.

Davis, M. L. Rivers in the Desert: William Mulholland and the Inventing of Los Angeles . New York: HarperCollins, 1993. Admiring biography marred by some glaring inaccuracies.

Dunning, Harrison C. "Dam Fights and Water Policy in California: 1969–1989." Journal of the West 29 (July 1990): 14–27. The Mono controversy as one of several turning points in reform.

———. "The End of the Mono Lake Basin Water War: Ecosystem Management, Fish, and Fairness to a Water Supplier." California Water Law and Policy Reporter 5 (November 1994): 27–31. A satisfied look back.

———. "Instream Flows and the Public Trust." In Lawrence J. MacDonnell and Teresa A. Rice, eds., Instream Flow Protection in the West . 2d ed. Boulder: Natural Resources Law Center,

University of Colorado School of Law, 1993. Background and implications of the 1983 public trust decision.

Dunning, Harrison C., ed. The Public Trust Doctrine in Natural Resources Law and Management: Conference Proceedings . Davis: University of California, 1981. The September 1980 conference. Includes reports by the opposing lawyers on Audubon v. Los Angeles .

———. "The Public Trust Doctrine in Natural Resources Law and Management: A Symposium." U.C. Davis Law Review 14 (Winter 1980): 181–460. The principal papers from the conference, with new allied material. Cited several times by the California Supreme Court in its 1983 public trust decision.

Farquhar, Francis P. History of the Sierra Nevada . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965. The standard work. Glancing reference to the Mono Basin.

Feller, Joseph M. Letter to Cathy Catterson, Clerk, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. November 4, 1988. On file at Great Basin Unified Air Pollution Control District, Bishop. Feller's warning caused the court to rewrite an opinion in Audubon v. Los Angeles that might have undermined the Clean Air Act.

Fiero, Bill. Geology of the Great Basin . Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1986. Describes a dramatic and intricate landscape evolution.

Fletcher, Thomas C. Paiute, Prospector, Pioneer: A History of the Bodie-Mono Lake Area in the Nineteenth Century . Lee Vining: Artemisia Press, 1987. The one scholarly history of the Mono Basin. Based on the author's Master's thesis, University of California at Berkeley, 1982.

Frederick, Kenneth D., ed. Scarce Water and Institutional Change . Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 1986. Case for water marketing in arid regions.

Gaines, David. Birds of Yosemite and the East Slope . Lee Vining: Artemisia Press, 1988. Completed a month before the author's death.

———. Revised by Lauren Davis. Mono Lake Guidebook . Lee Vining: Mono Lake Committee, 1989. Fourth edition since 1981. A tremendous amount of basic information, largely reliable.

Geologic Society of the Oregon Country. Roadside Geology of the Eastern Sierra Region: Bodie, Mono Lake, Yosemite, June Lake, Devils Postpile, Convict Lake, White Mountains . G.S.O.C. Publication 19. 1962. Reprint Lee Vining: Mono Lake Committee, 1982. A handy though dated guidebook.

Gilbert, Bil. "Is This a Holy Place?" Sports Illustrated , May 30, 1983, 76–90. A breakthrough piece in a popular publication.

Gilbert, C. M., M. N. Christensen, Y. Al-Rawi, and Kenneth R. Lajoie. "Volcanism and Structural History of Mono Basin." Pp. 275–330 in Studies in Volcanism: A Memoir in Honor of Howel [sic] Williams . Ed. Robert R. Coats, Richard L. Hay, and Charles A. Anderson. Geological Society of America Memoir 116. Boulder: Geological Society of America, 1968. Still the most thorough discussion of the subject. Considers alternate theories and concludes that the Mono Basin is a fault-block structure, not a caldera.

Gilliam, Harold. "The Destruction of Mono Lake Is on Schedule." This World (San Francisco Chronicle) , 11 February 1979. Early call to action.

Governor's Commission to Review California Water Rights Law. Final Report . Sacramento: State of California, 1978. This commission (staff headed by Harrison C. Dunning) saw the lack of mechanisms for protecting natural streamflows as one of four key defects in the law, and they listed the public trust doctrine among possible correctives. See also Schneider, below.

Grinnell, Joseph, and Tracy I. Storer. Animal Life in the Yosemite . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1924. Grinnell's famous trans-Sierra transect study ended on Mono Lake at the mouth of Lee Vining Creek.

Hall, Clarence A., Victoria Doyle-Jones, and Barbara Widawski, eds. The History of Water: Eastern Sierra, Owens Valley, White-Inyo Mountains . Proceedings, White Mountain Research Station

Fourth Biennial Symposium, Bishop, September 1991. Los Angeles: University of California White Mountain Research Station, 1992. Significant contributions by Jellison, Dana, and Melack on the lake ecosystem, Herbst on fly habitat, Cahill and Gill on Owens Lake dust pollution, Vorster on historic Owens Valley agriculture.

Hanna, Jim. Lundy—Gem of the Eastern Sierra: A Day Hiker's and Backpacker's Guide to the Geology, History and Points of Interest . Virginia City: Gold Hill Publishing Co., 1990. The nineteenth-century mining district on Mill Creek.

Harding, S. T. "Report on Development of Water Resources in Mono Basin Based on Investigations Made for the Division of Engineering and Irrigation, State Department of Public Works." Report, 1922. Water Resources Center Archives, University of California at Berkeley. Early competition for water in the Mono Basin.

Harris, Stephen L. Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes . Missoula: Mountain Press, 1988. Chapter on past and probable future volcanic activity in the Mono Lake—Long Valley region.

Hart, Terry, and David Gaines. "Field Checklist of the Birds of Mono Basin." Lee Vining: Mono Lake Committee, 1983. Two hundred and fifty-nine species.

Herbst, David B. "Comparative Population Ecology of Ephydra Hians Say (Diptera: Ephydridae) at Mono Lake (California) and Abert Lake (Oregon)." Hydrobiologia 158 (January 30, 1988): 145–166. The alkali fly prospers in waters of intermediate chemical load: too salty and alkaline for predators and competitors, not too much so for the fly itself.

Herbst, David B., and Timothy J. Bradley. "A Malpighian Tubule Lime Gland in an Insect Inhabiting Alkaline Salt Lakes." Journal of Experimental Biology 145 (September 1989): 63–78. How the alkali fly gets rid of excess carbonate and bicarbonate from lakewater. Not stated here is the author's suggestion that excreted lime accretes to tufa structures.

———. "A Population Model for the Alkali Fly at Mono Lake: Depth Distribution and Changing Habitat Availability." Hydrobiologia 267 (September 10, 1993): 191–201. The importance of tufa and other hard underwater surfaces for larvae and pupae.

Herbst, David B., and Richard W. Castenholz. "Growth of the Filamentous Algae Ctenocladus circinnatus (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyceae ) in Relation to Environmental Salinity." Journal of Phycology 30 (August 1994): 588–593. This alga, a food source for the alkali fly, is suppressed by current high salinity.

Hoffman, Abraham. Vision or Villainy—Origins of the Owens Valley—Los Angeles Water Controversy . College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1981. One of the major accounts, generally favorable to the city's point of view.

Huber, N. King. Amount and Timing of Late Cenozoic Uplift and Tilt of the Central Sierra Nevada, California—Evidence from the Upper San Joaquin River Basin . U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1197. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981 Pinpoints the tectonic events that created the Mono Basin.

Hundley, Norris L. The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s–1990s . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. The first overall history. Notes contrast between Spanish-Mexican and Anglo-American water rights doctrines.

Interagency Task Force on Mono Lake. Minutes. During working meetings in the spring of 1979, two sets of minutes were taken, one for public consumption, one for members only. Both sets, as well as the minutes of public hearings in June, are found at the Mono Lake Research Library in Lee Vining or at the Bancroft.

———. Report . Sacramento: California Department of Water Resources, 1979. An early official call for a high lake level. In some respects the proposed solution anticipates the water board decision of 1994.

Irwin, Sue. California's Eastern Sierra: A Visitor's Guide . Los Olivos: Cachuma Press/Eastern Sierra

Interpretive Association, 1991. From Lone Pine to Bridgeport, with copious color photographs and maps.

Jehl, Joseph R., Jr. "Beauty, Goose and Anna Herman: Mono Lake's Islands and How They Got Their Names." Album (January 1992): 13–19. Among other points, takes aim at David Gaines's suggestion that negit might mean "gull."

———. Biology of the Eared Grebe and Wilson's Phalarope in the Nonbreeding Season: A Study of Adaptations to Saline Lakes . Studies in Arian Biology no. 12. Los Angeles: Cooper Ornithological Society, 1985. A basic work on two of the less controversial Mono species.

———. The Biology of Waterbirds at Mono Lake, California: A Synthesis . San Diego: Hubbs—Sea World Institute, 1987.

———. "Mono Lake: A Vital Way Station for the Wilson's Phalarope." National Geographic 160 (October 1981): 520–525. New findings.

Jehl, Joseph R., Jr., David E. Babb, and Dennis M. Power. "History of the California Gull Colony at Mono Lake, California." Colonial Waterbirds 7 (June 1984): 94–104. Suggests that declining lake levels were actually favorable to the gulls.

———. "On the Interpretation of Historical Data, with Reference to the California Gull Colony at Mono Lake, California." Colonial Waterbirds 11 (June 1988): 322–327. Another shot in the gull duel; compare Winkler, below.

Jellison, Robert, Gayle L. Dana, and John M. Melack. "Ecosystem Responses to Changes in Fresh-water Inflow to Mono Lake, California." In Hall, Doyle-Jones, and Widawski, History of Water , above. Concludes that salinity alone affects the shrimp population less dramatically than lab results suggest; emphasizes available nitrogen as controlling factor.

Johnson, Stephen, ed. At Mono Lake: A Photographic Exhibition . San Francisco: Friends of the Earth Foundation, 1983. Catalogue with contributions by Johnson, Page Stegner, historian Thomas Fletcher, and others.

Jones, Holway R. John Muir and the Sierra Club: The Battle for Yosemite . San Francisco: SierraClub, 1965. Yosemite National Park origin and boundary controversies.

Kahrl, William L. Water and Power: The Conflict over Los Angeles' Water Supply in the Owens Valley . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. The magisterial history of Los Angeles's relations with the Owens Valley, with a thorough discussion of the Mono Extension. Strongemphasis on the L.A. theater of the story. Gives short shrift to Mono events after 1975.

———, ed. The California Water Atlas . Sacramento: State of California, 1979. An opulent book, still of great value, on sundry aspects of the water supply scene. Mono Lake gets a bare mention.

Kelsey, Louise. "The Lost Benchmark." Album (October 1989): 23–26. Locating Israel Russell's benchmark on Negit Island.

Kirshenbaum, Jerry. "Will the Flow from Rush Creek Swamp the Dreaded DWP?" Sports Illustrated , 4 February 1984, 7. A report on the Dahlgren case.

Kramer, E. W. "Report on the Use for Irrigation of Rush and Leevining [sic ] Creeks by the Cain Irrigation Company." Report for U.S. Forest Service, San Francisco, 1928. Over-irrigation of Cain Ranch fields in anticipation of buyout by Los Angeles. Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Exhibit 7, State Water Resources Control Board hearings, 1993.

Kusko, Bruce H., and Thomas A. Cahill. Study of Particle Episodes at Mono Lake: Final Report to the California Air Resources Board on Contract No. Al-144-32 . Davis: Air Quality Group, Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California, 1984. An important study reflecting the low-lake and high-dust period around 1980.

Lajoie, Kenneth R. "Quaternary Stratigraphy and Geologic History of Mono Basin, Eastern California." Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1968. Still basic; identifies the Bishop Tuff in logs of old Paoha Island oil drilling.

Lawton, Harry W., Philip J. Wilke, Mary DeDecker, and William M. Mason. "Agriculture Among the Paiute of Owens Valley." Journal of California Anthropology 3 (Summer 1976): 13–50. Argues that the Owens Valley Paiutes practiced true irrigation and not merely "water spreading."

Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almanac, and Sketches Here and There . 1949. Reprint New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. For the remark about "quality in nature" cited in the introduction to the color plates, see the essay "Marshland Elegy."

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Facts and Figures . Los Angeles: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, 1995. Includes a valuable chronology (key dates from 1769) and current system data.

———. Intake . Inhouse publication. Significant Mono articles appear in August 1978, June 1979, May 1980, June 1980, September 1980, September–October 1982, March–April 1983, July–August 1991, November–December 1991, November–December 1994.

———. Los Angeles Aqueduct System . Los Angeles: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, 1989. A useful orientation.

———. The Mono Lake Management Plan . Los Angeles: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, 1993. A statement for the public of the proposals made by the Department of Water and Power to the State Water Resources Control Board.

———. Mono Lake Report . Los Angeles: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, [1989]. Report on the situation as the water board's review of the city's water diversion licenses was getting under way.

———. Sharing the Vision: The Story of the Los Angeles Aqueduct . Los Angeles: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, undated. Celebratory history.

——–. Statistical Report for the Fiscal Years 1983–1994 . Los Angeles: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, 1995. A ten-year record, revised annually.

———. Urban Water Management Plan, City of Los Angeles . Los Angeles: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, 1987. Assessment of supply, demand, conservation, and reclamation.

———. Urban Water Management Plan, City of Los Angeles . Los Angeles: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, 1991. An update reflecting both policy evolution and the challenge of drought.

———. A Water Recycling Plan for the Los Angeles Department of Power: Water Recycling 1991–2000 . Los Angeles: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, 1994. Plans for generating and distributing reclaimed water, with a target of 80,000 acre-feet a year in 2010.

———. "Water Rights and Operations in the Mono Basin." Unpublished report, 1974. Growing protest led water chief Paul H. Lane and his colleagues to review the situation and consider means of stemming the lake's decline without reducing exports. Letter to Toiyabe Chapter, Sierra Club, appended.

Los Angeles Times . Editorials track shifting attitudes. See February 11, 1980; February 20, 1983; May 29, 1983; July 25, 1983; November 10, 1983; December 11, 1984; April 30, 1985; August 26, 1986; August 7, 1987; September 26, 1988; June 17, 1989; August 23, 1989; September 7, 1992; December 19, 1993; September 24, 1994.

McPherson, Wallis. Interview by David Gaines and Ilene Mandelbaum, June 28, 1985. Transcript and tape recording, Mono Lake Research Library, Lee Vining.

———. Interview by Mono Lake Committee, undated. Transcript and tape recording, Mono Lake Research Library, Lee Vining.

Mason, David T. "Limnology of Mono Lake, California." Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1966. Also University of California Publications in Zoology 83. First modern limnological study.

Means, Thomas H. "Report on the Value of Property Sold by the Southern Sierra Power Company and Associated Companies to the City of Los Angeles in 1934 and 1935 Under Contract Dated

Oct. 20, 1933." 1938. Thomas Means Papers, Water Resources Center Archives, University of California at Berkeley.

Melack, John M. "Large, Deep Salt Lakes: A Comparative Limnological Analysis." Hydrobiologia 105 (September 1, 1983): 223–230. Compares Mono with other saline lakes over fifteen meters deep on three continents. Mono is the saltiest of the group and the only one without fish.

Mono Basin Ecosystem Study Committee of the National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level . Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1987. Historically important, though in large part superseded.

Mono Lake Committee. Mono Lake: Endangered Oasis. Position Paper of the Mono Lake Committee . Lee Vining: Mono Lake Committee, 1989. (See also 1982 edition.) Contains much of the material included in David Gaines's Mono Lake Guidebook.

———. Mono Lake Newsletter . Quarterly from 1978; early issues titled Mono Lake Committee Newsletter .

Moore, Barbara. "Mono Inn: A Grand Old Lady." Album (January 1990): 36–39. Part of the history of the McPhersons.

———. "Paoha: Island of Shattered Dreams." Album (July 1991): 40–49. More on the McPherson family.

Muir, John. John of the Mountains: The Unpublished Journals of John Muir . Edited by Linnie Marsh Wolfe. 1938. Reprint Temecula: Reprint Services, 1991. This and the next three of Muir's books contain different but overlapping accounts of the Mono Basin, based on the journals of two visits.

———. The Mountains of California . 1894. Reprint San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1989. See the chapter "The Passes of the High Sierra."

———. My First Summer in the Sierra . 1911. Reprint New York: Penguin, 1987. Mono Basin is discussed on pp. 306ff.

Muir, John, ed. Picturesque California: The Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Slope . San Francisco: J. Dewing, 1894. Another version of "Passes of the High Sierra."

Nadeau, Remi A. The Water Seekers . Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith, 1974. This lively account should be read in conjunction with Karhl's Water and Power .

National Academy of Sciences. See Mono Basin Ecosystem Study Committee.

Public Policy Program, UCLA Extension. Mono Lake: Beyond the Public Trust Doctrine. Conference Proceedings . Los Angeles: Public Policy Program, UCLA Extension, 1984. Lively give-and-take marks the beginning of attempts to find common ground.

Puetz, James R., ed. "Symposium on the Public Trust and the Waters of the American West: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow." Environmental Law 19 (Spring 1989): 425–735. Includes contributions by Harrison C. Dunning, Ralph E. Johnson, Joseph L. Sax, Jan S. Stevens, and others; reports on the limited echoes of the California public trust cases in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington.

Putnam, William C. "Quaternary Geology of the June Lake District, California." Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 60 (August 1949): 1281–1302. Discusses drilling of the Mono Craters Tunnel.

Reisner, Marc. Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water . 2d ed. New York: Penguin, 1993. History and denunciation of the federal reclamation (dam-building) program; new afterword sees us "undoing the wrongs caused by earlier generations doing what they thought was right."

Reisner, Marc, and Sarah Bates. Overtapped Oasis: Reform or Revolution for Western Water . Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1990. Calls for removing barriers to water marketing, raising the prices of subsidized federal water, protecting the public trust and instream flows, and other environmental protection and efficiency measures.

Rinehart, C. Dean, and Ward C. Smith. Earthquakes and Young Volcanoes Along the Eastern Sierra Nevada . Mammoth Lakes: Genny Smith Books, 1982. In 1980 and 1981, earthquakes in Long Valley raised fears of an eruption and prompted this accurate review.

Rowell, Galen. "Mono Lake: Silent, Sailless, Shrinking Sea." Audubon (March 1978): 102–106. One of the first discussions of the Mono issue in a national periodical.

Russell, Israel C. Quaternary History of the Mono Valley, California . 1889. Reprint Lee Vining: Artemisia Press, 1984. The granddaddy of all Mono Lake studies, from the Eighth Annual Report of the U.S. Geological Survey.

Sax, Joseph L. "The Public Trust Doctrine in Natural Resource Law: Effective Judicial Intervention." Michigan Law Review 68 (January 1970): 471–566. In the article that inspired Tim Such, Sax sees the doctrine as a powerful general tool but does not mention an application to water rights.

Schneider, Anne J. Legal Aspects of Instream Water Uses in California: Background and Issues . Sacramento: Governor's Commission to Review California Water Rights Law, 1978. "While consumptive water rights themselves have not yet been impaired by the assertion of the public trust doctrine, there is nothing in theory to prevent it" (27).

Schultheis, Robert. "Exploring California's Inland Sea: If There Were a Lake on the Moon, It Would Look like Mono." Outside (March 1978): 29–35. Another in the first swarm of articles.

Scoonover, Mary. "Mono: The Lake, the Legacy." Environs 18, no. 1 (1994): 26–34. Scoonover, who represented the State Lands Commission and the Department of Parks and Recreation before the water board, reviews the history of the controversy.

Smith, Felix E. "The Public Trust Doctrine as a Resource Management Philosophy." Sacramento: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980. Aggressive early call for application of the public trust doctrine to any stream with fish, and for the federal government to play a role.

Smith, Genny, ed. Deepest Valley: A Guide to Owens Valley, Its Roadsides and Mountain Trails . 2d ed. Mammoth Lakes: Genny Smith Books, 1978. Guidebook, history, and natural history, with an update on the groundwater pumping dispute after 1970. Third edition in press.

———. Mammoth Lakes Sierra: A Handbook for Roadside and Trail . Mammoth Lakes: Genny Smith Books, 1991. Includes the Mono Basin.

———. Sierra East: Edge of the Great Basin . Berkeley: University of California Press, forthcoming. A natural history of the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada mountain block and the adjacent valleys, including the Mono Basin.

Stanley, Barbara, and David A. Wright. "West Portal: The Memory, the Fact, the Ghost." Album (1993): 170–177. Exploring the site of the Mono Craters construction camp, with accounts from Intake .

Steinhart, Peter. "The City and the Inland Sea." Audubon (September 1980): 98–125. Comprehensive discussion.

Stine, Scott. "Extreme and Persistent Drought in California and Patagonia During Mediaeval Time." Nature 369 (June 16, 1994): 546–549. Evidence from sites including Mono Lake suggests past droughts far exceeding those in recorded history.

———. "Geomorphic, Geographic, and Hydrographic Basis for Resolving the Mono Lake Controversy." Environmental Geology and Water Science 17 (October 1991): 67–83. Identifies thresholds to be considered in choosing a lake level. The highest alternative discussed is 6,380 feet plus a drought buffer.

———. "Late Holocene Fluctuations of Mono Lake, Eastern California." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 78 (June 1990): 333–381. Fascinating narrative of a rising and falling lake and the evidence that records its behavior.

———. "Mono Lake: The Past 4000 Years." Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1987. A more leisurely tour of relatively recent events.

———. A Reinterpretation of the 1857 Surface Elevation of Mono Lake . Water Resources Center, University of California, Report no. 52. Davis: Water Resources Center, 1981, Debunks the traditional view that Mono Lake had been low in the nineteenth century.

———. Restoration Conceptual Plan: Concepts and Principles Guiding the Restoration of Rush and Lee Vining Creeks, Mono County, California . Report to the Mono Basin Restoration Technical Committee for the El Dorado County Superior Court. 1994.

Stine, Scott, Peter Vorster, and David Gaines. "Destruction of Riparian Habitat due to Water Diversions in the Mono Basin, California." In R. E. Warner and K. M. Hendrix, eds., California Riparian Systems: Ecology, Conservation, and Productive Management . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. A pioneering assessment.

Trexler, Keith A. The Tioga Road: A History, 1883–1961 . Washington, D.C.: Yosemite Natural History Association, 1975. How the Great Sierra Wagon Road became the modern highway.

Trihey and Associates. Numerous reports to the Mono Basin Restoration Technical Committee for the El Dorado County Superior Court, concerning Rush and Lee Vining creek restoration work, 1991–1994.

Twain, Mark. Roughing It . 1872. Reprint Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972. For MonoLake, see chapters 38 and 39.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Environment and Commerce. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Report on HR 3030, together with Additional, Supplemental, and Dissenting Views . 101st Cong., 2d sess., 1990. Report 101–490, Part 1. Specifies that dust from exposed alkali flats at Mono and Owens lakes is "anthropogenic" and subject to pollution law.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Public Lands and National Parks. Hearings on Public Land Management Policy . 97th Cong., 2d sess., 1982. Vol 5. Hearings in Washington, D.C., on May 18, 1982, concerning the Mono Lake National Monument and related bills.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Public Lands and National Parks. Hearings on Public Land Management Policy . 98th Cong., 1st sess., 1983. Vol. 3. Includes hearings in Lee Vining on March 29, 1983, and in Washington, D.C., on June 2, 1983, concerning the Mono Lake National Monument and land transfer bills.

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Public Works. Report on the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1989, Together with Additional and Minority Views; to accompany S. 1630 . 101st Cong., 1st sess., 1989. Report 101–278. Parallel to House report above.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Inyo National Forest. Comprehensive Management Plan, Mono Basin National Forest Scenic Area . Bishop: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Inyo National Forest, 1990. Compares five management alternatives varying in intensity of visitor-serving development and permitted uses. Discusses effects of differing lake levels.

———. Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Comprehensive Management Plan, Mono Basin National Forest Scenic Area . Bishop: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Inyo National Forest, 1990. Adopts a strategy of very modest development; advocates that lake surface be kept between 6,377 and 6,390 feet.

Vestal, Elden H. "Creel Returns from Rush Creek Test Stream, Mono County, California, 1947–1951." California Fish and Game 40, no. 2 (1954): 89–104. Results of a fish-planting experiment on Rush Creek as diversions increased.

Vorster, Peter. "The Development and Decline of Agriculture in the Owens Valley." In Hall, Doyle-Jones, and Widawski, History of Water , above. A scrupulous assessment of what Owens Valley agriculture "before Los Angeles" was—and was not.

———. "A Water Balance Forecast Model for Mono Lake, California." Master's thesis, California State University at Hayward, 1985. Remains the basic reference on the hydrogeography of the

Mono Basin. Distributed by U.S.D.A. Forest Service, California Region, San Francisco, as Earth Resource Monograph 10 .

Walston, Roderick E. "The Public Trust Doctrine in the Water Rights Context: The Wrong Environmental Remedy." Santa Clara Law Review 22 (Winter 1982): 63–93. The author, who represented the State of California in Audubon v. Los Angeles , argues that the public trust doctrine reinforces the state's right to change its mind about water allocations but does not require special consideration for environmental values.

Walton, John. Western Times and Water Wars: State, Culture and Rebellion in California . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. A sociological history of the Owens Valley, with an emphasis on continued resistance to Los Angeles's water-gathering policies.

Wedertz, Frank S. Mono Diggings: Historical Sketches of Old Bridgeport, Big Meadows and Vicinity . Bishop: Chalfant Press, 1978. Another local history, rich but to be used with caution.

Winkler, David W., and W. D. Shuford. "Changes in the Numbers and Locations of California Gulls Nesting at Mono Lake, California, in the period 1863–1986." Colonial Waterbirds 11 (June 1988): 263–274. Rival interpretation to Jehl, Babb, and Power, "History of the California Gull Colony," above.

Winkler, David W., ed. An Ecological Study of Mono Lake, California . University of California Institute of Ecology Publication 12. Davis, 1977. The study that launched the modern controversy. The Mono Lake Committee edition (Lee Vining, 1979) includes Stine's findings on historic lake levels.

Wright, David A. "The Wooden Legacy of the Bodie and Benton." Album (1993): 145–163. Unfulfilled plans to tie Mono Basin rail lines in with the outside world.

Young, Gordon. "The Troubled Waters of Mono Lake." National Geographic 160 (October 1981): 504–519. The Mono Lake Committee files contain a prepublication draft with proposed amendments by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power.

Statutes and Legal Documents (In Chronological Order)

City of Los Angeles v. Aitken . Superior Court of Tuolumne County No. 5092, 1935. The condemnation suit to acquire riparian and littoral water rights in the Mono Basin. The massive record is informative about the values of the lake, contemporary attitudes, and project history. Copy in Mono Lake Research Library, Lee Vining.

City of Los Angeles v. Aitken . 10 Cal. App. (2d) 460 (1935). Los Angeles sought to reduce the Tuolumne jury's awards to lakeshore property owners. The Third District Court of Appeal in Sacramento upheld the awards, declaring, "Irrigation and household uses of water are not the only reasonable or beneficial purposes for which [water] may be employed" (474).

California Fish and Game Code Section 5937 . Enacted in 1937, this law provides that "The owner of any dam shall allow sufficient water at all times to pass through a fishway, or in the absence of a fishway, allow sufficient water to pass over, around or through the dam, to keep in good condition any fish that may be planted or exist below the dam."

California Department of Public Works. "Before the Division of Water Resources, April 11, 1940. Opinion and Order." This document gave Los Angeles the go-ahead for Mono Basin diversions.

California Fish and Game Commission. "Order of the Fish and Game Commission in Respect to Hot Creek Fish Hatchery Site in Mono County, California, August 19, 1940." Allowed Los Angeles to build the Hot Creek Hatchery instead of providing fishways at Grant Lake and the Long Valley reservoir (Lake Crowley).

California Fish and Game Commission. "Agreement by and Between the City of Los Angeles and the State of California re Hot Creek Hatchery Site, November 25, 1940." Going beyond the concession made in the preceding document, this contract purported to exempt the Department of Water and Power from the requirement to pass water for fish through its Mono County dams.

Opinion No. 50–89. Opinions of the Attorney General of California 18 (1951): 31–40. Attorney General Edmund G. Brown declared that Fish and Game Code Section 5937 did not apply where all waters had been appropriated.

California Fish and Game Code Section 5946 . Enacted in 1953, this law provides that "no permit or license to appropriate water in District 4 1/2 shall be issued . . . after September 9, 1953, unless conditioned upon full compliance with section 5937."

Opinion No. 73–44. Opinions of the Attorney General of California 57 (1974): 577. Attorney General Evelie J. Younger partially reversed Browns interpretation: the water board may enforce 5937 but has no duty to do so.

California State Water Resources Control Board. "License for Diversion and Use of Water 10191, January 25, 1974" and "License for Diversion and Use of Water 10192, January 25, 1974." The documents that supposedly made Los Angeles's rights in the Mono Basin permanent.

National Audubon Society v. Los Angeles . Superior Court of Alpine County No. 6429. The original public trust suit, filed in 1979. See In the Matter of Mono Lake Water Right Cases (pending).

National Audubon Society v. Superior Court . 33 Cal. 3d 419 (1983). Audubon v. Los Angeles carried this rifle when it reached the California Supreme Court, The court declared that existing water rights must be modified to protect the public trust.

California Health and Safety Code Section 42316 . This language, added by SB 270 in 1983, requires Los Angeles to pay for measures to mitigate dust pollution caused by its water-gathering activities in the eastern Sierra but otherwise renounces state authority on the issue.

Dahlgren v. City of Los Angeles . Mono County Superior Court No. 8092. Filed November 1984. In his Order of August 1985, Judge Otis directed that a flow be retained in Rush Creek pending fish studies. See In the Matter of Mono Lake Water Right Cases (pending).

Mono Lake Committee v. City of Los Angeles . Mono County Superior Court No. 8608. The Lee Vining Creek case, filed in August of 1986, temporarily broke the alliance between the Mono Lake Committee and CalTrout. See In the Matter of Mono Lake Water Right Cases (pending).

In re Water of Hallett Creek Stream System . 44 Cal. 3d 448 (1988). The State Supreme Court ruled that the federal government can assert water rights as a riparian owner under certain circumstances, thus strengthening the hand of the U.S. Forest Service as a backup protector of Mono Lake.

California Trout, Inc., v. State Water Resources Control Board . 207 Cal. App. 3d 584 (1989). This decision, which came to be known as CalTrout I, required that Los Angeles's diversion licenses to divert from the Mono Basin be amended to comply with Fish and Game Code sections 5937 and 5946.

California Trout, Inc., v. Superior Court . 218 Cal. App. 3d 187–212 (1990). "CalTrout II" required that streamflow requirements be added to Los Angeles's licenses immediately, not after study, and it laid the groundwork for stream restoration.

California State Water Resources Control Board. Draft Decision and Order Amending Water Right Licenses to Establish Fishery Protection Flows in Streams Tributary to Mono Lake and to Protect Public Trust Resources at Mono Lake and in the Mono Lake Basin . Sacramento: State Water Resources Control Board, 1994. The draft was adopted unchanged on September 20, becoming Decision 1631.

In the Matter of Mono Lake Water Right Cases . El Dorado County Superior Court Coordinated Proceeding Nos. 2284 and 2288. The combined cases before Judge Terrence Finney. At this writing, despite the water board's decision, the matter remains open.

Interviews and Personal Communications

Andrews, Jerry, and Terry Andrews. Mono Basin residents. Interview by author, Mono Basin, May 29, 1992.

Bailey, Roy A. Geologist. Telephone conversation with author, February 17, 1994.

———. Letter to author, October 18, 1994.

Banta, Don. Mono Basin resident. Interview by author. Tape recording. Lee Vining, June 26, 1992.

Becker, Carlisle. Landscape architect. Conversation with author, Mono Basin, June 11, 1993.

Brechin, Gray. Writer and activist. Telephone conversation with author, May 26, 1994.

Brower, David. Conservationist. Telephone conversations with author, February 21 and 25, 1994.

Brown, Russ. Water Resources Team Leader, Mono Basin EIR, Jones & Stokes. Letter to author, March 21, 1994.

Cahill, Thomas A. Researcher, air pollution. Telephone conversations with author, January 25 and 26, 1994.

Cahill, Virginia A. Counsel to California Department of Fish and Game. Telephone conversation with author, August 5, 1994.

Cain, John. Science Associate, Mono Lake Committee. Interview by author, Mono Basin, July 5, 1992.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1992–93.

Canaday, Jim. Staff, State Water Resources Control Board. Telephone conversations with author, 1994–95.

Carle, David. Ranger, Mono Lake Tufa State Reserve. Telephone conversation with author, September 9, 1994.

Casaday, Ken. Project Manager, Mono Basin EIR, Jones & Stokes. Conversation with author, Sacramento, October 28, 1993.

Cassidy, Tom. Former Mono Lake Committee lobbyist. Conversation with author, San Francisco, November 20, 1994.

———. Telephone conversation with author, May 25, 1995.

Dahlgren, Richard O. Fly fisherman. Telephone conversation with author, March 12, 1994.

———. Letter to author, April 19, 1994.

Dana, Gayle L. Biologist. Interview by author. Tape recording. Crowley Lake, April 29, 1992.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1992–95.

Davis, Martha. Executive Director, Mono Lake Committee. Interview by author. Tape recording. Burbank, April 25 and 27, 1992.

———. Interview by author. Tape recording. Nicasio, May 9, 1993.

———. Interview by author, Mill Valley, December 31, 1993.

———. Letter to author, October 31, 1994.

———. Interview by author, San Francisco, November 4, 1994.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1991–95.

de Laet, Grace. Former Mono Lake Committee board member. Interview by author, Sausalito, February 1, 1994.

Del Piero, Marc. Member, State Water Resources Control Board. Telephone conversations with author, 1994.

Dodge, F. Bruce. Counsel to National Audubon Society. Interview by author, Larkspur, April 12, 1994.

———. Telephone conversation with author, April 12, 1994.

Dondero, John, and Dorothy Andrews. Mono Basin residents. Interview by Ilene Mandelbaum. Lee Vining, May 27, 1992.

Downey, Kenneth W. Assistant City Attorney, Los Angeles. Telephone conversation with author, January 26, 1995.

Dunning, Harrison C. Professor, University of California, Davis, School of Law. Interview by author. Tape recording. Davis, March 9, 1993.

———. Telephone conversation with author, March 3, 1995.

Edmondson, Jim. Vice President, California Trout. Conversation with author, Mono Basin, June 11, 1993.

———. Interview by author. Tape recording. Los Angeles, August 17, 1993.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1993 –94.

Eller, Stan. Former Assistant District Attorney, Mono County. Interview by author. Tape recording. Mammoth Lakes, April 29, 1992.

English, Scott. Restoration consultant. Conversation with author, Lee Vining, July 10, 1992.

Estolano, Cecelia. Aide to Mayor Tom Bradley. Interview by author, Los Angeles, August 28, 1992.

Finney, Terrence. Superior Court Judge, Eldorado County. Conversation with author, Mono Basin, July 20, 1992.

Flinn, Patrick. Counsel to National Audubon Society. Interview by author. Tape recording. Palo Alto, May 14, 1994.

———. Interview by author, San Francisco, November 4, 1994.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1994.

Fontaine, Joe. Sierra Club activist. Telephone conversation with author, January 26, 1994.

Forstenzer, Edward. Former counsel to Dahlgren et al. Telephone conversation with author, March 27, 1994.

Gage, Mike. President, Los Angeles Board of Water and Power Commissioners. Interview by author. Tape recording. Los Angeles, August 28, 1992.

Gaines, Sally. Co-chair, Mono Lake Committee. Interview by author. Tape recording. Lee Vining, October 13, 1991.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1991–95.

Galanter, Ruth. Councilwoman, City of Los Angeles. Telephone conversation with author, January 17, 1995.

Georgeson, Duane L. Former Assistant General Manager for Water, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Interview by author. Tape recording. Los Angeles, August 27 and 28, 1992.

Gewe, Gerald A. Engineer, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Telephone conversation with author, January 5, 1995.

Graff, Thomas J. Attorney, Environmental Defense Fund. Telephone conversation with author, September 23, 1994.

Graymer, LeRoy. Director, Public Policy Program, University of California, Los Angeles. Interview with author, Berkeley, October 12, 1994.

——–. Telephone conversations with author, 1994.

Grosswiler, Ed. Co-chair, Mono Lake Committee. Telephone conversation with author, June 15, 1994.

Hansen, Jeff. Mono Basin resident; co-founder, Friends of Mono Lake. Telephone conversationwith author, September 12, 1994.

Hardebeck, Ellen. Control Officer, Great Basin Unified Air Pollution Control District. Interview by author. Tape recording. Bishop, April 30, 1992.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1994.

Heim, Jon S. Former extern to California Supreme Court Justice Alan Broussard. Telephone conversation with author, January 3, 1995.

Herbst, David B. Biologist. Interview by author. Tape recording. Crowley Lake, May 12, 1992.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1992–95.

Hess, August. Interview by author. Tape recording. Lee Vining, May 12, 1992.

Huber, N. King. Geologist. Telephone conversations with author, August 23 and 27, 1993.

Isenberg, Phillip. Assemblyman. Interview by author, Sacramento, October 5, 1993.

Jehl, Joseph R., Jr. Telephone conversations with author, July 30, 1993, May 31, 1994.

Jimenez, Mike. Aide to Councilman Zev Yaroslavsky. Interview by author, Los Angeles, August 28, 1992.

Johnson, Huey. Former Secretary of Resources, State of California. Telephone conversations with author, September 23, 1992, February 14, 1994.

Johnson, Stephen. Photographer. Telephone conversation with author, March 24, 1992.

———. Interview by author, Pacifica, April 24, 1992.

Jones, Robert A. Reporter, Los Angeles Times . Interview by author, Pasadena, April 25, 1992.

Kahrl, William L. Journalist/historian. Interview by author, Sacramento, May 8, 1993.

Katz, Richard D. Assemblyman. Interview by author. Tape recording. Sacramento, August 27, 1993.

Kodama, Mitchell. Senior Waterworks Engineer, Mono Basin Litigation and Operations. Interview by author, Los Angeles, August 26, 1992.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1992–95.

Lajoie, Kenneth R. Interview by author. Tape recording. Menlo Park, December 8, 1993.

———. Interview by author. Tape recording. Menlo Park, March 29, 1994.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1994–-95.

Larsen, Eric. Stream restoration consultant. Conversation with author, Mono Basin, July 22, 1992.

Lawrence, Andrea. Mono County Supervisor. Interview by author. Tape recording. Mammoth Lakes, April 28, 1992.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1992–95.

Lehman, Richard. Congressman. Telephone conversation with author, July 23, 1994.

Levine, Barbara. Mono Lake Committee board member. Conversation with author, San Francisco, March 1, 1992.

McCarley, William. General Manager and Chief Engineer, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Telephone conversation with author, June 22,1995.

McInerney, Barrett W. Attorney. Interview by author, Los Angeles, August 16, 1993.

———. Interview by author. Tape recording. Los Angeles, August 31, 1992.

———. Telephone conversations with author, March 30, 1994, October 14, 1994.

McPherson, Wallis R. Mono Basin resident. Interview by David Gaines and Ilene Mandelbaum. Tape recording. Bridgeport, June 28, 1985.

———. Interview by Ilene Mandelbaum. Tape recording. Bridgeport, March 7, 1989.

———. Interview by author. Tape recording. Bridgeport, May 11, 1992.

———. Interview by Emilie Strauss. Tape recording. Lee Vining, undated.

Madden, Palmer Brown. Former counsel to National Audubon Society. Interview by author. Tape recording. Walnut Creek, November 23, 1993.

Mandelbaum, Ilene. Associate Director, Mono Lake Committee. Interview by author. Tape recording. Sacramento, January 30, 1992.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1992–95.

Martin, Dennis. Supervisor, Inyo National Forest. Telephone conversation with author, September 16, 1994.

Mason, David T. Limnologist. Telephone conversation with author, January 31, 1994.

May, Richard. President, California Trout. Telephone conversation with author, January 26, 1994.

Melack, John M. Limnologist. Telephone conversation with author, March 12, 1995.

Messick, Tim. Biologist, Jones & Stokes. Telephone conversation with author, June 4, 1994.

Nichols, Mary. Member, Los Angeles Board of Water and Power Commissioners. Interview by author, Los Angeles, August 28, 1992.

Pestor, Randy. Inyo County representative, Interagency Task Force on Mono Lake, 1979. Telephone conversation with author, February 2, 1994.

Peyton, George. National Audubon Society's liaison with Morrison & Foerster. Telephone conversations with author, March 12, 1994, March 25, 1994, January 3, 1995.

Phillips, David. Mono Lake Committee board member. Telephone conversation with author, February 22, 1994.

Pickard, Alan. Biologist, California Department of Fish and Game. Telephone conversation with author, August 8, 1994.

Pister, Phil. Biologist, formerly with California Department of Fish and Game. Tape recording. Lee Vining, June 27, 1992.

———. Telephone conversation with author, September 23, 1992.

Reifsnider, Betsy. Associate Director, Mono Lake Committee. Telephone conversations with author, February 5, 1993, August 18, 1993.

Reveal, Arlene. Mono County Librarian. Telephone conversation with author, January 12, 1995.

Robie, Ronald. Director of Water Resources under Jerry Brown. Telephone conversation with author, August 28, 1994.

Roos-Collins, Richard. Counsel to California Trout. Telephone conversation with author, March 4, 1994.

Ross, Mark. Lifelong friend of David Gaines. Telephone conversation with author, February 19, 1994.

Rossmann, Antonio. Attorney. Interview by author. Tape recording. San Francisco, November 12, 1993.

———. Telephone conversations with author, May 4 and 6, 1994.

———. Letter to author, May 6, 1994.

Sax, Joseph L. Professor of Law, University of California at Berkeley. Telephone conversation with author, April 11, 1994.

Scoonover, Mary J. Deputy Attorney General. Telephone conversation with author, July 28, 1994.

Shuford, W. David. Ornithologist. Letter to author, October 4, 1994.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1992–95.

Silver, Laurens. Attorney. Telephone conversations with author, July 7, 1994, September 29, 1994.

Simis, Charlie. Mono Basin resident. Interview by author. Tape recording. Mono Basin, May 29, 1992.

Smith, Felix. Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Interview by author. Tape recording. Sacramento, May 7, 1993.

Smith, Gary E. Biologist, California Department of Fish and Game. Telephone conversations with author, June 3, 1994, August 5, 1994, February 18, 1995.

Smith, Genny. Publisher, Mono Lake Committee Board Member. Interview by author. Tape recording. Cupertino, January 29, 1992.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1992–95.

Stevens, Jan S. Deputy Attorney General, State of California. Telephone conversation with author, September 30, 1994.

Stine, Scott. Geomorphologist. Conversations with author, Mono Basin, July 19–22, 1992.

———. Interview by author. Tape recording. March 16, 1993.

———. Conversation with author, Berkeley, July 24–25, 1994.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1992–95.

Stodder, John. Former aide to Mayor Tom Bradley. Telephone conversation with author, August 26, 1994.

Such, Tim. Interview by author, San Francisco, March 22, 1994.

———. Interview by author. Tape recording. Menlo Park, March 29, 1994.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1994–95.

Taylor, Dan. Western Regional Representative, National Audubon Society. Interview by author, Sacramento, January 28, 1994.

Taylor, Dean. Biologist. Telephone conversation with author, January 12, 1995.

Thomas, Harold M. Attorney, California Department of Fish and Game. Conversation with author, Sacramento, September 28, 1994.

Trihey, E. Woody. Trihey & Associates, Aquatic Resource Specialists. Stream restoration consultant. Telephone conversations with author, September 23, 1993, October 21, 1994.

———. Interview by author. Tape recording. Walnut Creek, January 14, 1994.

Vestal, Elden H. Biologist, California Department of Fish and Game (retired). Interview by author. Tape recording. Napa, October 1, 1991.

———. Interview by author. Tape recording. Napa, March 26, 1992.

———. Telephone conversation with author, January 15, 1995.

Vorster, Peter. Hydrologist. Interview by author. Tape recording. Oakland, April n, 1992.

———. Telephone conversations with author, 1992–95.

Wagtendonk, Jan van. Research scientist, Yosemite National Park. Telephone conversation with author, September 27, 1993.

Wickser, James F. Assistant General Manager and Chief Engineer for Water, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Interview by author. Tape recording. Los Angeles, August 27, 1992.

———. Interview by author, Los Angeles, August 16, 1993.

Williams, Dennis C. Engineer, Aqueduct Division, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Interview by author Tape recording. Los Angeles, August 27, 1992.

Winkler, David W. Ornithologist. Telephone conversations with author, 1993–95.

Wood, Wallace. Lakeshore visitor, 1940s. "Draft Interview with Mr. Wallace Wood." Telephone interview by Emilie Strauss, April 8, 1992.

Yaroslavsky, Zev. Los Angeles City Councilman. Interview by author. Tape recording. Los Angeles, August 28, 1992.

———. Interview by author, Los Angeles, August 16, 1993.