Books and Articles

Aldrich, Howard

1979 Organizations and Environments. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

Aldrich, Howard, and Jeffrey Pfeffer

1976 "Environments of Organizations." Annual Review of Sociology 2:79-105.

Aldrich, Howard, and David Whetten

1981 "Organization Sets, Action Sets, and Networks: Making the Most of Simplicity." In Handbook of Organizational Design, edited by Paul C. Nystrom and William H. Starbuck, vol. 1, pp. 385-408. New York: Oxford University Press.

Alexander, Ernest R.

1979 "The Design of Alternatives in Organizational Contexts: A Pilot Study." Administrative Science Quarterly 24(3): 382-404.

Allison, Graham

1971 Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston: Little, Brown.

Baughman, Robert W.

1974 "TCDD and Industrial Accidents." In "Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in the Environment." Ph.D. diss., Harvard University.

Binghamton Evening Press

1981a "Camping Out Leaves Anderson's Tribe Pining for the Tower." March 26.

1981b "State Denies Health Official Resigned Over Tainted Tower." October 10.

1982 "Enough PCB Data Compiled." March 29.

Boffey, Philip M.

1983 "PCBs in Buildings Called Wide Peril." New York Times, September 1, A15.

Bromet, Evelyn, and Leslie Dunn

1981 "Mental Health of Mothers Nine Months After the Three Mile Island Accident." Urban and Social Change Review 14(2): 12-15.

Brown, Michael

1979 Laying Waste: The Poisoning of America by Toxic Chemicals. New York: Pantheon.

Brubaker, Rogers

1984 The Limits of Rationality. London: George Allen & Unwin.

Calabresi, Guido, and Philip Bobbitt

1978 Tragic Choices. New York: Norton.

Campbell, Donald

1975 "Degrees of Freedom and the Case Study." Comparative Political Studies 8(2): 178-93.

Campbell, Donald, and Julian Stanley

1966 Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs for Research. Chicago: Rand McNally.

Carson, Rachel

1962 Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Clark, William

1980 "Witches, Floods, and Wonder Drugs: Historical Perspectives on Risk Management." In Societal Risk Assessment: How Safe Is Safe Enough? edited by Richard C. Schwing and Walter A. Albers, Jr., pp. 287-313. New York: Plenum Press.

Clarke, Lee

1988 "Explaining Choices Among Technological Risks." Social Problems 35(1): 501-14.

Cohen, Andy

1981 "Young Seeks Consultant on Cleanup." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, October 6.

Cohen, Michael, James G. March, and Johan P. Olsen

1972 "A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice." Administrative Science Quarterly 17(1): 1-25.

Cole, Gerald A., and Stephen B. Withey

1981 "Perspectives on Risk Perceptions." Risk Analysis 1:143-63.

Combs, Barbara, and Paul Slovic

1979 "Newspaper Coverage of Causes of Death." Journalism Quarterly 56 (Winter): 837-49.

Covello, Vincent T., Joshua Menkes, and Jiri Nehnevajsa

1982 "Risk Analysis, Philosophy, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences." Risk Analysis 2:53-58.

Davis, Fred

1974 "Stories and Sociology." Urban Life and Culture 3(3): 310-16.

Diesing, Paul

1971 Patterns of Discovery in the Social Sciences. Chicago: Aldine.

DiMaggio, Paul, and Walter Powell

1983 "The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields." American Sociological Review 48 (2): 147-60.

Douglas, Jack

1976 Investigative Social Research. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.

Douglas, Mary, and Aaron Wildavsky

1982 Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Dowie, Mark

1977 "How Ford Put Two Million Firetraps on Wheels." Business and Society Review 23 (Fall): 46-55.

Dukes, William F.

1965 "N = 1." Psychological Bulletin 64(1): 74-79.

East, Jim

1981 "Bill to Clean, Fix, Replace Won't Be Small." Binghamton Evening Press, February 6.

Edelman, Murray

1964 The Symbolic Uses of Politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Egginton, Joyce

1980 The Poisoning of Michigan. New York: Norton.

Einhorn, Hillel J., and Robin M. Hogarth

1981 "Behavioral Decision Theory: Processes of Judgment and Choice." Annual Review of Psychology 32:53-88.

Environmental Health Perspectives

1973 "Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans." 5 (September).

Erikson, Kai

1976 Everything in Its Path: Destruction of Community in the Buffalo Creek Flood. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Esposito, M. P., Thomas O. Tiernan, and Forrest E. Dryden

1980 Dioxins. Publication no. 600/2-80-197. Cincinnati: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Evan, William

1966 "The Organization-Set: Toward a Theory of Interorganizational Relations." In Approaches to Organizational Design, edited by James Thompson, pp. 175-90. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Fairbanks, Phil

1981 "It's Official: Schecter's Out." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, June 25.

Fecteau, Lois

1981a "Governments Stay Shut; Costly Cleaning Begins." Binghamton Evening Press, February 6.

1981b "Tests: Massive Mop-Up a Must." Binghamton Evening Press, February 8.

1981c "Taint Purge Will Stretch for Months." Binghamton Evening Press, February 15.

1981d "State Says EPA Tests Welcomed." Binghamton Evening Press, February 17.

1981e "State May Leave Some PCBs." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, February 18.

1981f "City Toxin Taint Rivals the Worst." Binghamton Evening Press, March 2.

1981g "State Muzzles Taint Comment." Binghamton Evening Press, March 6.

1981h "State Says EPA Tests Welcomed." Binghamton Evening Press, March 17.

1981i "Experts to Define Toxin Cleanup." Binghamton Evening Press, March 26.

1981j "State Hires Firm for Cleanup Plan." Binghamton Evening Press, April 1.

1981k "State Says Tower Will Vent Clean Air." Binghamton Evening Press, August 11.

1981l "Egan Says Public Relations Only Slip on Tower." Binghamton Evening Press, September 10.

1981m "N.Y. Health Official Resigns over PCBs." Binghamton Evening Press, October 8.

1981n "Two Exposed to Tower Taint Assail State." Binghamton Evening Press, October 12.

1981o "PCB Facts Sought." Binghamton Evening Press, October 15.

1981p "Citizens' Group Vows to Watch State Cleanup." Binghamton Evening Press, October 22.

Feldman, Martha S., and James G. March

1981 "Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol." Administrative Science Quarterly 26(2): 171-86.

Fischhoff, Baruch

1977 "Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance." Policy Sciences 8:177-202.

Fischhoff, Baruch, Paul Slovic, and Sarah Lichtenstein

1978 "How Safe Is Safe Enough? A Psychometric Study of Attitudes Towards Technological Risks and Benefits." Policy Sciences 9:127-52.

Fischkin, Barbara

1982 "The Tainted Tower." Newsday, May 10.

Foldes, Mike

1981 "Guard Recalls PCB Night, Scorns Suit." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, June 25.

Fox, Jeffrey L.

1983 "Dioxins' Health Effects Remain Puzzling." Science, September 16, 1161-62.

Freudenberg, Nicholas

1984 "Citizen Action for Environmental Health: Report on a Survey of Community Organizations." American Journal of Public Health 74(5): 444-48.

Gans, Herbert

1979 Deciding What's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time. New York: Pantheon.

Geimann, Steve

1981a "Team of Toxic Waste Experts Begins Downtown Mop-Up." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, February 6.

1981b "Tallon Finds Carey State of Health Message Lacking." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, March 5.

1981c "Carey Says Cleanup's Risks Must Be Tolerated." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, March 6.

1981d "Toronto Faced Toxic Crisis Similar to City's." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, March 10.

1981e "Officials Downplay EPA's Role in Cleanup." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, March 16.

1981f "County Will Do More Tests on Parking Garage." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, March 25.

1981g "Tower Not So Toxic, State Officials Say." Binghamton Sun Bulletin, August 11.

1983 "Sore Citizens Second-Guess and Sue State." Binghamton Evening Press, February 4.

Goodman, Paul, and Johannes Pennings

1977 New Perspectives on Organizational Effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Gottfredson, Linda S., and Paul E. White

1981 "Interorganizational Agreements." In Handbook of Organizational Design, edited by Paul C. Nystrom and William H. Starbuck, vol. 1, pp. 471-86. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gusfield, Joseph

1981 The Culture of Public Problems: Drinking-Driving and the Symbolic Order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Hazardous Materials: Emergency Response Guidebook

1980 Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation, 5800.3.

Heimer, Carol A.

1985 Reactive Risk and Rational Action: Managing Moral Hazard in Insurance Contracts. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Hirschman, Albert

1972 Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Hohenemser, Christoph, Roger Kasperson, and Robert Kates

1977 "The Distrust of Nuclear Power." Science, April 1, 25-34.

Huffaker, Robert

1983 Letter to the Editor. Binghamton Evening Press, March 21.

Jones, Steve

1982 "Money Missing." Binghamton Evening Press, February 3.

Jones, Steve, and George Basler

1981 "Fire, Fumes Shut Government Plaza." Binghamton Evening Press, February 5.

Kahneman, Daniel, Paul Slovic, and Amos Tversky

1982 Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kantrowitz, Arthur

1975 "Controlling Technology Democratically." American Scientist 63(5): 505-9.

Kates, Robert W.

1977 "Assessing the Assessors: The Art and Ideology of Risk Assessment." Ambio 6(5): 247-52.

Katz, Barry

1981a "Proof Gone." Binghamton Evening Press, March 9.

1981b "Toxic Soot Clogs Work of Offices." Binghamton Evening Press, March 22.

Kennedy, Mary M.

1979 "Generalizing from Single Case Studies." Evaluation Quarterly 3(4): 661-78.

Kreps, G. A.

1984 "Sociological Inquiry and Disaster Research." Annual Review of Sociology 10:309-30.

Kruskal, William

1978 "Statistics: The Field." In International Encyclopedia of Statistics, edited by William Kruskal and Judith Tanur, pp. 1071-93. New York: Free Press.

Laumann, Edward O., David Knoke, and Yong-Hak Kim

1985 "An Organizational Approach to State Policy Formation." American Sociological Review 50(1):1-19.

Lave, Lester

1984 "Regulating Risks." Risk Analysis 4(2): 79-80.

Levine, Adeline

1982 Love Canal: Science, Politics, and People. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.

Levine, Sol, and Paul C. White

1961 "Exchange as a Conceptual Framework for the Study of Interorganizational Relationships." Administrative Science Quarterly 5(4): 584-601.

Lichtenstein, Sarah, Paul Slovic, Baruch Fischhoff, Mark Layman, and Barbara Combs

1978 "Judged Frequency of Lethal Events." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 4:551-78.

Lindblom, Charles E.

1959 "The Science of Muddling Through." Public Administration Review 19 (Autumn): 79-88.

1979 "Still Muddling, Not Yet Through." Public Administration Review 39(6): 517-26.

Litwak, Eugene, and Lydia F. Hylton

1962 "Interorganizational Analysis: A Hypothesis on Co-ordinating Agencies." Administrative Science Quarterly 6(4): 395-421.

Long, Norton

1958 "The Local Community as an Ecology of Games." American Journal of Sociology 6(3): 251-61.

Lowrence, William

1976 Of Acceptable Risk. Los Altos, Calif.: Kaufmann.

Lutz, Frank

1982 "Tightening Up Loose Couplings in Organizations of Higher Education." Administrative Science Quarterly 27(4): 653-69.

Lynn, Frank

1985 "Carey Takes Rare Look Back at Administration." New York Times, April 8.

McCullough, Marie

1981a "He's Taken On Polluted Wells, Contaminated Office Building, and Now He's Taking On the Heat." Binghamton Evening Press, March 12.

1981b "Hey, State Office Workers, Thanks." Binghamton Evening Press, March 19.

MacLean, Douglas

1982 "Risk and Consent." Risk Analysis 2:59-67.

March, James G.

1978 "Bounded Rationality, Ambiguity, and the Engineering of Choice." Bell Journal of Economics 9:587-608.

March, James G., and Johan Olsen

1979 Ambiguity and Choice. Bergen, Norway: Universitetsforlaget.

Mazur, Allan

1973 "Disputes Between Experts." Minerva 11(2): 243-62.

1975 "Opposition to Technological Innovation." Minerva 13(1): 58-81.

Metcalfe, Les

1981 "Designing Precarious Partnerships." In Handbook of Organizational Design, edited by Paul C. Nystrom and William H. Starbuck, vol. 1, pp. 503-30. New York: Oxford University Press.

Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan

1977 "Formal Structure of Organizations as Myth and Ceremony." American Journal of Sociology 83(2): 340-63.

Meyer, John W., and W. Richard Scott, eds.

1983 Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.

Meyer, Marshall W., and Kenneth Solomon

1984 "Risk Management in Local Communities." Policy Sciences 16:245-65.

Miles, Matthew

1979 "qualitative Data as an Attractive Nuisance: The Problem of Analysis." Administrative Science Quarterly 24(4): 590-601.

Miller, Doug

1981 "Binghamton Building Haunted by Fear, Doubt After PCB Blaze." Schenectady Gazette , February 23.

Milner, Murray

1980 Unequal Care: A Case Study of Interorganizational Relations in Health Care. New York: Columbia University Press.

Mintz, Beth, and Michael Schwartz

1985 The Power Structure of American Business. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Mohr, Lawrence

1982 Explaining Organizational Behavior. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Nader, Ralph

1965 Unsafe at Any Speed. New York: Bantam Books.

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

1977 Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Nelkin, Dorothy, and Michael S. Brown

1984 Workers at Risk: Voices from the Workplace. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

New York Times

1983 "Building Is Closed After PCB Spill." December 23.

1985 "Product Liability: The New Morass." March 10.

Nystrom, Paul C., and William H. Starbuck, eds.

1981 Handbook of Organizational Design. Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press.

Otway, Harry, and Kerry Thomas

1982 "Reflections on Risk Perception and Policy." Risk Analysis 2:69-82.

Pearson, David

1984 "K.A.L. 007: What the U.S. Knew and When We Knew It." The Nation , August 18-25.

Pennings, Johannes M.

1981 "Strategically Interdependent Organizations." In Handbook of Organizational Design , edited by Paul C. Nystrom and William H. Starbuck, vol. 1, pp. 433-55. New York: Oxford University Press.

Perrow, Charles

1983 "The Organizational Context of Human Factors Engineering." Administrative Science Quarterly 28(4): 521-41.

1984 Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies. New York: Basic Books.

Pfeffer, Jeffrey, and Gerald Salancik

1978 The External Control of Organizations. New York: Harper and Row.

Raiffa, Howard

1980 "Concluding Remarks." In Societal Risk Assessment: How Safe Is Safe Enough? edited by Richard C. Schwing and Walter A. Albers, Jr., pp. 339-41. New York: Plenum Press.

Royce, Edward

1985 "The Origins of Southern Sharecropping: Explaining Social Change." Current Perspectives in Social Theory 6:279-99.

Sabatier, Paul

1978 "The Acquisition and Utilization of Technical Information by Administrative Agencies." Administrative Science Quarterly 23(3): 396-417.

Salancik, Gerald R.

1977 "Commitment and the Control of Organizational Behavior and Belief." In New Directions in Organizational Behavior , edited by Barry M. Staw and Gerald R. Salancik, pp. 1-54. Chicago: St. Clair.

Schecter, Arnold, Raymonde Lizotte, Wing Sun, Lawrence Miller, George Gitlitz, Michael Bogdasarian, and Frederick Banting

1985 "Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans in Human Adipose Tissue from Exposed and Control New York State Patients." chemosphere 14(6-7): 933-37.

Schecter, Arnold, and John J. Ryan

1985 "Dioxin and Furan Levels in Human Adipose Tissue from Exposed and Control Populations." Paper presented at the meetings of the American Chemical Society, Miami Beach, Florida, April 28-May 3.

Schecter, Arnold, Fenton Schaffner, Thomas Tiernan, and Michael Taylor

1984 "Ultrastructural Alterations of Liver Mitochondria in Response to Dioxins, Furans, PCBs, and Biphenylenes." Banbury Report 18:177-90.

Schecter, Arnold, and Thomas Tiernan

1985 "Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dioxins, Polychlorinated Furans, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and

Biphenylenes After an Electrical Panel and Transformer Accident in an Office Building in Binghamton, New York." Environmental Health Perspectives 85(60).

Schoenfeld, A. Clay, Robert F. Meier, and Robert J. Griffin.

1979 "Constructing a Social Problem: The Press and the Environment." Social Problems 27(1): 38-61.

Schwing, Richard C., and Walter A. Albers, Jr., eds.

1980 Societal Risk Assessment: How Safe Is Safe Enough? New York: Plenum Press.

Scott, Marvin, and Stanford Lyman

1968 "Accounts." American Sociological Review 33(1): 46-62.

Seely, Hart

1983 "The Building That Won't Come Clean." Syracuse Herald American , August 1 and 3.

Short, James

1984 "Toward the Social Transformation of Risk Analysis." American Sociological Review 49(6): 711-25.

Silbergeld, Ellen

1983 "Health Effects of PCBs: Occupational Exposure." In Proceedings, PCB-Seminar , September 28-30, pp. 136-51. Scheveningen, The Hague: Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment.

Slovic, Paul, Baruch Fischhoff, and Sarah Lichtenstein

1979 "Rating the Risks: The Structure of Expert and Lay Perceptions." Environment 21 (3): 14-39.

1980 "Facts and Fears: Understanding Perceived Risk." In Societal Risk Assessment: How Safe Is Safe Enough? edited by Richard C. Schwing and Walter A. Albers, Jr., pp. 181-214. New York: Plenum Press.

1982 "Why Study Risk Perception?" Risk Analysis 2:83-93.

Smith, Robert

1985 "Politics and Science in Public Health Disputes: Two Case Studies of Public Advocacy Research." Ph.D. diss., State University of New York at Stony Brook.

Sproull, Lee, Stephen Weiner, and David Wolf

1978 Organizing an Anarchy: Belief, Bureaucracy, and Politics in the National Institute of Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Starr, Chauncey

1969 "Social Benefit Versus Technological Risk." Science , September 19, 1232-38.

Staw, Barry M., and J. Ross

1978 "Commitment to a Policy Decision: A Multi-Theoretical Perspective." Administrative Science Quarterly 23(1): 40-64.

Tasca, Leo

1983 "Power and Organization in Organized Anarchies." Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook. Typescript.

Taylor, Serge

1984 Making Bureaucracies Think: The Environmental Impact Statement Strategy of Administrative Reform. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Tiernan, Thomas O., John H. Garrett, Joseph G. Solch, Michael L. Taylor, Garrett F. VanNess, and Jerry A. Clark

1981 "Determination of Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Surface Wipes and Related Specimens from Broome County Facilities, Binghamton, New York, Contaminated as a Result of a Transformer Fire." Brehm Laboratory, Wright State University, July 22.

Tiernan, Thomas, Michael Taylor, John Garrett, Garrett VanNess, Joseph Solch, Daniel Wagel, Gerald Ferguson, and Arnold Schecter

1985 "Sources and Fate of Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Related Compounds in Human Environments." Environmental Health Perspectives 59:145-58.

Toxic Substances Control Act

1976 PL 94-469, October. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman

1971 "Belief in the Law of Small Numbers." Psychological Bulletin 76(2): 105-10.

United States Commerce and Trade Code

1982 "Supplement V, Vol. 2, Title 15." Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Viscusi, W. Kip

1979 Employment Hazards: An Investigation of Market Performance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Walsh, Edward J.

1981 "Resource Mobilization and Citizen Protest in Communities Around Three Mile Island." Social Problems 29(1): 1-21.

1985 "On Time, Targets, and Tactics in Social Movements: Phases of the TMI Conflict." Paper presented at the East-

ern Sociological Society meetings, Philadelphia, December 1984.

Warren, Roland

1967 "The Interorganizational Field as a Focus for Investigation." Administrative Science Quarterly 12 (December): 396-419.

Weber, Max

1978 Economy and Society. Edited by Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Wegars, Don

1983 "Workers Returning to PCB Skyscraper." San Francisco Chronicle, May 26.

Weick, Karl

1976 "Educational Organizations as Loosely Coupled Systems." Administrative Science Quarterly 21(1): 1-19.

1979 The Social Psychology of Organizing. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.

Whiteside, Thomas

1979 The Pendulum and the Toxic Cloud: The Dioxin Threat from Vietnam to Seveso. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Wildavsky, Aaron

1979 "No Risk Is the Highest Risk of All." American Scientist 67:32-37.

Woodward, Bob, and Carl Bernstein

1976 All the President's Men. New York: Warner Books.

Yin, Robert

1981 "The Case Study Crisis: Some Answers." Administrative Science Quarterly 26(1): 58-65.