Preferred Citation: Lewis, Martin W. Wagering the Land: Ritual, Capital, and Environmental Degradation in the Cordillera of Northern Luzon, 1900-1986. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1992 1992. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2d5nb17h/


 

C

Caballero, Evelyn, 260

Cabbage, 95 , 119 -120, 123 , 125 , 132 , 136 , 139 , 159 , 170 , 184

Cajanus cajanus , 24

Calvinism, 241

Cancian, Frank, 243

Capital: and agricultural cooperatives, 128

bank loans, 163

bank loans and class, 155

bank loans and delinquency, 165

cultural acceptance, 235

financing from vegetable traders, 168

postwar sources, 151 -152

and religious expectations, 207 , 219 , 238

shortages in frontier zones, 186


276

sources during early vegetable boom, 119

Carrots, 123 , 126 , 131 , 132 , 138 , 189

Catholicism, 219 -220

and early vegetable culture, 96

conflicts with Paganism, 229

Celery, 133 , 136 , 139

Central Cordilleran Forest Reserve, 56

Cervantes, 88

Chinese: agricultural techniques, 122

and Paganism, 232

in vegetable industry, 98 , 121 , 127 -128, 136 , 147 , 159 , 163 , 235

"Chrispas" (Christian-Pagans), 221 , 239

Christianity: and class position, 218 , 220 , 240

compromises with Paganism, 230

and gender, 220

geographic patterns, 220

judgments against Paganism, 221 -222, 240

See also Catholicism; Missionaries; Protestant churches; Religion

Clarke, William, 149

Class. See Commoners

Elite class; Social mobility; Social stratification

Class conflict, 54 , 194

Clothing, 37 , 148

Cloud forest (kalasan ), 30 , 38 , 84 , 92 , 172 , 175 , 178 , 191 -192, 236

Coffee, 27 , 55 , 134 , 179

Coinage, indigenous, 86 , 89

Commercialization: and changes in living standards, 148 -149, 169

and environmental degradation, 4 , 134 -135, 248

historical background, 88 -89, 233 -235

individualizing tendencies, 233

lure of, 170

and predicted cultural ruin, 105

and redistributive feasting, 5

and social adjustments, 135

Commoners, 46 -49

acceptance of elite domination, 80

Cooperatives, agricultural, 127 -129, 156

Copper, 83 , 93 -94

Corbridge, Stuart, 8

Corruption, military, 162 , 177

Corvee duty, 49

CPA (Cordilleran People's Alliance), 209 -210

Craft specialization, 49 , 92 -95

Credit unions, 163 , 165

"Crony capitalism," 164

Cultural ecology, 44

Cultural geography, 7


 

Preferred Citation: Lewis, Martin W. Wagering the Land: Ritual, Capital, and Environmental Degradation in the Cordillera of Northern Luzon, 1900-1986. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1992 1992. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2d5nb17h/