P
Paddhati manual, 639 , 767 -768 n. 65
Padmagiri Chronicle, 39
Paha(n) Ca:re. See Pasa Ca:re [18]
Paju (mother's brother), 113 , 125 -126, 138 , 631 , 705 nn. 14-15, 773
rites of passage roles of the, 662 , 664 -665, 674
See also Bhe(n)ca ; Siblings
Palace, Bhaktapur Royal, 170 , 172 , 177 , 530 -532
Palanquins. See Chariots (kha:s ), ritual Newar
Palisa che(n) (substitute house), 237
Palu(n)palu(n) (goddess), 243 -244
Panauti Jatra festival, 437 , 756 n. 15
Panauti, town of, 163 , 165 , 169 , 194 , 688 n. 4
festivals in, 435 , 437 , 651 , 738 n. 32
Taleju and, 236 -237
Pa(n)cara(n) Ca:re, 452
Pa(n)carata. See Swanti [77-79, 1 -2]
Panchayat system, 60 -62, 694 -695 n. 4
Pa(n)cthar thar group, 79 -80, 300 , 625 -626, 749 n. 41, 773
households, 97 , 135 , 176 -177, 180
Pa(n)cthariya, 114 , 356 -357, 773
as Vaisya[*] , 79 , 699 n. 17
Pantheon, the Bhaktapur, 272 -292, 600
benign vs . dangerous deities of, 279 -282, 495 , 580 -581, 603 , 610 , 648
distinctions within types of gods, 286 -288
divine actors of, 494 -496, 507 -511, 554 , 557 -558, 566 , 568 -571, 579 -581, 648 , 649 , 656
"idols" and, 274 -275
material vs . immaterial, 277 , 278 -279
meaningful god sets within, 272 -273, 609
other Hindu systems compared to, 288 -292
proximate vs . distant, 277 , 278
resources for the intelligibility of, 609 -615
as a system of signs, 272 -274, 609 -615
typological schema for, 277 -282
worked vs . natural, 277 , 279
See also Benign deities; Deities; Deity images
Papa (moral violation), 391 , 393 , 732 n. 16, 773
Parents. See Kinship
Partya (hill-dwellers), 439
status ranking of and by, 106 -107
Parvati (goddess), 224 -225, 714 n. 18
the Ihi ceremony and, 660 , 666 , 669
as Siva's wife or consort, 210 -211, 225 , 246 -247, 454 , 456
in the Swasthani stories, 425 -426
Pasa Ca:re [18], 431 -432, 648
Past thar , 83 , 360 , 627 , 700 n. 25, 758 n. 6
Pasupatinatha shrine complex, 214 , 231 , 243 , 255 , 260 , 267 , 421 , 429 -430
Pata (banners), 478 , 740 n. 7, 742 n. 29
Patan, city of, 35 , 194 , 350 , 430 , 690 n. 4, 737 n. 24
political history of, 14
Patriarchy, 121 -122, 141 -145 passim, 329 -330, 454 -455
Patriarchy (continued )
blurring of, 668 , 669
See also Family organization; Marriage
Patrilineal groups. See Thar groups
Pavitra , 733 -734 n. 29
Paya(n) Nhyakegu, 552 -555, 753 nn. 89, 91
Person. See Body; Self, views of the
Personal names. See Names
Phalca (open shed), 488 , 490
Phallus, 520 , 522
linga[*] of Siva, 208 , 210 , 213 , 322 , 426 , 453 , 681 , 728 n. 22, 737 n. 22, 743 n. 36, 768 n. 66, 772
See also Body, the physical
Photographs, sources of, xxii
Phratry of several families, 20
Phuki groups, 128 , 129 , 401 , 536 , 773
cow jatra, 444
Digu Dya: puja , 432
Digu lineage god shrines of the, 159 -161, 260 -261, 593
features of, 138 , 139 -140, 395 , 594 , 708 nn. 39-44
houses of, 186 -187
mixed, 666 , 668 -669
as mourners, 139 -140, 446 -450, 462
thar groups and, 141 -142, 145
See also Aga(n) Dya: (gods); Dewali period [30];
Rites of passage (samskaras )
Phuki naya :, 665
Pigments, ritual, 55 , 430 , 485 , 541 , 545 , 641 -642, 668 , 671 , 672
Pikha lakhu (deified house boundary stone), 190 -191, 262 , 412 , 773
Pilgrimage centers, 195 -197, 267 , 418 , 434 , 437 , 441 , 595 , 773
Hindu matha , 87 -88, 205 , 428 , 730 n. 40, 773
Pasupatinatha, 214 , 231 , 243 , 255 , 260 , 267 , 421 , 429 -430
See also Mela (pilgrimage gathering)
Pilgrims, Shaivite, 88 , 428 -429, 730 n. 40
Pinda. See Rice
Piri. See Tahiti, commumities in
Pisac Ca:re. See Pasa Ca:re [18]
Pisacas (evil ghouls), 264 , 271 , 431
Pitha (hypaethral shrines), 158 -159, 167 , 204 , 231 , 243 , 260 , 368 , 484 , 529 -530, 709 n. 3, 722 n. 15, 743 n. 41
Pithas , of the Mandalic Goddesses, 155 , 158 -159, 231 , 260 , 303 , 496 , 525 , 529 -530, 531 , 667 , 694 n. 1, 722 n. 15
Pitr (ancestor spirit), 270 , 462 , 685
Plants, 639
barley, 527 -529, 531 , 550 -551, 560 -561
basil (tulasi ), 438 -439, 677
bel fruit (bya ), 668
grasses, 677 , 682
oleander (sipha ) garland, 232
See also Agriculture; Earth; Rice
Plebians class, 710 n. 9
Pohelathwa fortnight, 423 -424, 645 -646
Poles, ceremonial, 457 , 458 , 462 , 739 n. 51, 742 n. 26
Biska: Yasin, 464 , 467 , 475 , 476 -477, 480 -482, 495 -496, 740 nn. 6, 9 -10, 742 n. 27, 743 nn. 36-37
cow jatra, 444
Yasi(n) God, 193 , 464 , 557 , 740 n. 6, 757 n. 11
Political orgamzation. See Bhaktapur, city of; Kathmandu Valley; Power
Polluting materials, 56 , 124
body exuviae as, 365 -366, 386 -388
clean vs . dirty, 383 , 732 n. 12
cleanup and absorption of, 368 -371
locations for disposal of, 193 -194, 712 n. 27
placentas, 361 , 712 n. 27
touching and ingestion of, 382 -386
transferability of, 353 , 383 -384, 390 , 507 , 732 n. 14
Pollution,
agents of, 380 -382
birth and death (asauca ), 358 , 377 , 384 , 388 -389, 391 , 661 , 681 , 712 n. 27, 731 n. 11, 732 nn. 12-13
Brahman vulnerability to, 372 -374
contextual vs . inherited, 385 -386, 729 n. 28, 731 n. 8
disgust and, 124 , 369 , 382 -386, 394 -395, 733 n. 26
external or internal bodily (asudha ), 381 -382
household status and, 116
household zones and, 188 -192
management of, 389 -392, 606
shared phuki , 139 -140, 311 , 388 , 731 n. 10, 765 n. 37
surrogate absorption of, 363 -371, 389 -390, 678 , 680 , 681
thars and degree of, 101 , 365 -371, 377 , 395 , 702 n. 44, 731 nn. 6, 8
transcendence of normal, 396 -397, 485 -486
See also Purity and impurity
Polygamy. See Marriage, multiple
Polytheism. See Deities; Pantheon, the Bhaktapur
Po(n) thar , 84 -85, 95 , 701 n. 29, 731 n. 8, 757 n. 9
children, 364
households, 97 , 124 , 164 , 180 , 743 n. 46
Jugis compared to the, 370 -371, 627
outside the city boundaries, 56 , 162 -165, 485 -486
polarity of Brahmans and the, 395 -396, 733 n. 28, 734 n. 30
and the purity/impurity complex, 84 -85, 345 , 365 -368, 385 -386, 395 -396, 606 , 731 n. 6
roles of the, 94 , 328 -329, 365 -368, 370 -371, 485 -486, 537 -538, 681 , 749 n. 41, 773
Population of Bhaktapur. See Demographics
Porch (ka:si ). See Architecture
Pore thar (Poriya). See Po(n) thar
Potters thar , 81 , 90 , 95 , 97 , 216 , 372 , 475 , 476 , 626 , 667
Powders, colored. See Pigments, ritual
Power,
Brahman vs . kingly, 341 -344, 601 , 602 -603, 618
the symbolic order and worldly, 341 -344, 601
See also Dangerous deities (gya(n)pugu ); Government of Nepal
Pradaksinapatha[*] (processional route), 163 , 198 -199, 420 , 421 -422, 442 , 489 , 496 , 525 , 594 , 710 n. 10, 773
maps of the, 198 , 221
Pradhana(n)ga thar , 95 , 240
Prakit. See Sanskrit language
Prana (vital principle), 678
Prasada (returned worship substances), 303 , 328 , 390 , 434 , 543 , 546 , 548 , 571 , 575 , 636 -642 passim, 642 , 761 -762 n. 3, 773
Prestations. See Gifts
Preta (ghost), 270 -272, 445 , 680 , 681 -685 passim, 719 n. 65, 719 -720 n. 66, 732 n. 13, 768 n. 67, 773
See also Bhuta/Bhut-pret (spirit)
Priests,
Acaju, 94 , 95 , 207 , 298 , 300 -319 passim, 345 , 356 -357, 372 , 626 , 667 , 725 n. 40, 736 n. 7, 771
auxiliary (overt), 346 , 353 -356, 728 n. 26
contra-priests and, 365
dana offerings to, 353 , 373 , 727 n. 10
family (purohita ), 7 , 351 , 358 , 373 , 611 , 635 , 638 -639, 664 -665, 667 , 671 , 675
Guru-Purohita, 351 , 469 , 475 -493 passim, 532 , 556 -557, 749 n. 42
Karmacari and, 353 -359
kinds and functions of, 345 -346, 354 , 603 , 668
Lakhe , 78 , 94 , 352 , 699 n. 13, 727 n. 7
Mahantas , 730 n. 40
Matha , 87 -88, 97 , 106 , 730 n. 40
non-Newar, 730 n. 40
para-priests and, 345 -346, 376
para-priests (covert) and, 363 -371, 729 n. 28
Pujari (temple or deity), 205 , 351 , 371 -372, 729 n. 31, 773
stigmatizing roles of, 94 , 702 n. 37, 727 n. 10
Taleju, 239 , 351 , 557 , 716 -717 n. 38
temple and shrine, 371 -372, 729 n. 31
Tini thar , 80 -81, 94 , 97 , 300 , 357 -359, 626 , 684 , 727 nn. 17-18, 769 nn. 88-89
urban roles of, 94 , 603 -604
Vajracarya (Newar Vajrayana Buddhist), 86 -87, 362 -363, 703 n. 46, 730 n. 40, 763 n. 11, 774
See also Acaju (priests); Brahmans
Private life. See Microcosms; Psychological characteristics of individuals
Processional routes. See Routes, ceremonial
Professions. See Occupations
Prthivi[*] . See Earth
Psychological characteristics of individuals, 17 , 114 , 689 -690 n. 11, 730 n. 1
annual events and, 591 -598
in Bhaktapur and Tahiti, 25 , 28 -32, 689 n. 11
Nine Durgas pyakha(n) and, 571 -576
and the personal acceptance of civic symbolism, 32 , 333 -334, 556 , 562 -563, 591 -598
purity and pollution and, 381 , 392 -397
rites of passage interdependence and, 659
sacrifice and, 322 -335
sophistication, 3 , 31 , 101
symbol hunger, 3 , 32 , 605
the vrata and, 423 -424, 756 n. 17
See also Self, views of the
Puberty rites,
boy's Kaeta Puja , 309 , 315 , 662 -665, 669 , 733 n. 26, 762 n. 9
Puberty rites (continued )
of girls, 113 , 131 -132
See also Menses; Rites of passage (samskaras )
Public life. See Festivals and city events; Mesocosm, the urban
Puja (worship), 635 , 773
basic Tantric, 300 -306
Brahman-assisted household (dhala(n) danegu ), 638 -639
daily (nitya ), 636 -637
forgiveness (chema ), 319 , 724 n. 30
household, 190 , 215 , 218 -219, 268 -269, 578 -579, 636 -638
materials and equipment for, 639 -642, 721 n. 14, 733 n. 29
optional household, 269 , 307 -308, 637 -638
ordinary vs . Tantric, 308 , 721 n. 4, 722 nn. 12-14
temple visit, 636
tha , 239
See also Vrata (religious austerity); Worship
Pujaris priests, 205 , 351 , 371 -372, 729 n. 31, 773
See also Priests
Pulses. See Foods, household
Pulu Kisi Haigu [65], 461 , 581 , 655 , 741 n. 21
Pulu Kisi, Indra's elephant, 459 -460, 739 n. 52
Pulu (reed mat), 366 , 460 , 678 , 680
Pu(n) thar , 83 , 94 , 95 , 460 , 546 , 627
Punhi (full moon), 419 , 422 , 773
Purana[*] (Hindu texts), 266 , 681 , 773
Puri. See Matha priests
Purification, 348 , 376 , 380
byan(n)kegu , 390 -392, 395 -396, 639 , 732 n. 22, 769 n. 90, 770 n. 95, 771
Gha:su jagye ceremony of, 358 , 362 , 727 n. 19
materials used in, 380 , 384 , 391 -392, 640 , 684 , 732 n. 15
procedures, 387 -386, 389 -392, 395 - 396, 731 nn. 8-9, 732 n. 20
rites of passage, 659 , 664 , 671 -672, 684
suddhi , 379 , 731 n. 5, 733 -734 n. 29
of the Taleju temple, 537 , 751 n. 62
See also Rites of passage (samskara s); Worship
Purity and impurity, 3 , 26 , 375 -376, 600 , 601
asauca (birth/death impurity), 377 , 388
caste system and, 369 , 377 , 731 n. 11, 733 n. 26
classes of, 102 -105
feeding and excretion metaphors of, 394 -395
household hierarchy and, 117 -120, 395
interpretations of, 377 -380, 392 -397
manipulation of, 359 -362, 370 , 603 -604, 606 , 664 -665
menses and, 123 -125, 388 , 730 -731 n. 4, 731 n. 10
rice acceptance and, 100 -101, 384
rites of passage progressive, 659 , 664 -665
salt acceptance and, 102 -103
semantic and metaphorical force of, 378 -379, 397
technicians of, 359 -362, 370 , 603 -604, 664 -665
thars representing, 365 -371, 369 -370, 396 -397
transcendence of, 378 , 396 -397, 730 n. 1
untouchability and, 84 -85, 345 , 365 -368, 385 -386, 395 -396, 606 , 731 n. 6
in various cultures, 379 -380
water unacceptability and, 83 , 102 -103, 383 , 702 -703 nn. 45, 46
See also Pollution; Names of individual thar groups
Purohita (family priest), 7 , 351 , 358 , 373 , 611 , 635 , 638 -639, 664 -665, 667 , 671 , 675
Kedar as, 7 , 351
See also Brahmans; Priests; Vajrayana Buddhism
Pyakha(n). See Dance performances (pyakha(n) )
Pyangon, Newar town of, 193 -194, 330 , 708 n. 38