A

Ablabius (Novatian bp. of Nicaea), 73

Acacius (no. 1), 213 n. 55

Acilius Glabrio (no. 64): as advocate, 103 , 124 ;

as landowner, 102 ;

origins of, 101 , 462 ;

premature death of (before 360), 458 ;

succeeded to Ausonius's chair of grammar, 458 , 462

adaeratio, see commutation to cash of salaries in kind, 114 , 117 , 230

adventus of governor, teachers participate in, 123 , 154

Advocates: able to afford education, 25 ;

desired as bishops, 75 n. 182;

grammarians as, 103 -4, 124 , 131 ;

as representatives of literary culture, 92 ;

rhetoricians as, 105 ;

social mobility of, 28 , 124

Aelius Aristides: extraordinary immunities of, 226 n. 121;

use of 447

Aemilius Asper, 187 n. 47

Aetius (Arian theologian), 5 -6, 26 , 118 , 154 n. 59

Africa, teachers moving from, 126

Age rounding, as index of illiteracy, 35 -36

Agroecius (no. 181), 92 n. 309

Alexander (no. 4), 212 , 230

Alexandria, 106 , 126

alogus (critical sign), 191

Alypius (no. 6): called 448 ;

cured by Saint Thecla, 70

Amateurs: dedication of literary works by, 68 ;

relations of, with professionals, 35 , 53 -69 passim, 205 -10

"Ambrosiaster," 83

Ammonius (no. 9), 65 n. 137, 456 ;

as teacher of elementa , 462

Amphilochius (bp. of Iconium), 73

Analogy (analogia ): grammarian's use of, 172 -75, 207 ;

used to order the nature of the language, 177 . See also ratio

Anastasius (emperor), and Timotheus of Gaza, 125 , 202

Anastasius (no. 11), 456 , 457 -58

Anazarbus, grammarians at, 4 -6

Ancyra, 218 , 227

Annius Namptoius (no. 103), 111

annona (as unit of imperial salary), 116

Anonymus 1 (grammarian of Anazarbus: no. 167), 6 , 26 , 118 , 154 n. 59

Anonymus 3 (father of Calliopius: no. 169): as protégé of Libanius, 69 , 213 ;

status of, 108

Anthony, Saint, 21 -22

Antioch, 218 , 227 ;

chairs of rhetoric at, 455 ;

funding of teachers at, 107 , 115 , 218 ;

teachers attracted to, 126 -27

Antiptosis: and Nonius Marcellus, 186 n. 45;

Servius's conception and invocation of, 186 -87

antiqui. See Archaism; Authority (auctoritas ), of literary models; Classical authors

antiquitas , 171 ;

fusion of, with auctoritas , 185 ;

linguistic confusion in, 164 , 188 n. 52. See also Archaism; Authority (auctoritas ), of literary models; Classical authors

Antoninus Pius (emperor), 219 , 226

Apamea, 107

Aphraates (Syrian holy man), 79

Apollinarius (no. 14), 73

Apollonius of Tyana, 50

Appeal: to governor by teacher, 221 ;

legal, reference to one's education in, 23 , 42 . See also Petition to emperors

Approval (probatio , 208 ;

under Julian's school law, 216 -17

Archaism: contrasted with contemporary usage, 193 -94;

as deviation from natura , 183 -89;

grammarian's conception of, 182 -89;

produced by analogy, 172 -75. See also Authority (auctoritas ), of literary models; Classical authors

Arianism, of the Goths, 90

Arnobius: on the common language of Scripture, 83 ;

denying natural order of language, 85 , 176 n. 19

Ars (handbook): of Aelius Donatus, 139 -40, 148 ;

of Diomedes, 148 -49;

embodies rules derived by ratio from natura , 177 ;

of grammarian, 19 , 34 , 60 , 149 , 163 , 167 -68, 196 ;

regarded as dispensable by Augustine, 85 -86, 87 ;

relation of, to usus , 195 ;

of Remmius Palaemon, 53 ;

structure of, 140 ;

supposed etymology of, 34 , 163 . See also Pompeius, commentary of, on Ars of Donatus

artes necessariae , 224

Arusianus Messius, 174 n. 15

Assessor, former grammarian as, 124 -25, 131

Astyagius (no. 159), 141 n. 8, 149 Athanasius (Arian bishop of Anazarbus), 5 -6

Athanasius (dedicatee of Diomedes), 209

Athens, 106 ;

chairs of rhetoric and philosophy at, 217 ;

invitation to Libanius by, 222 -23;

number of chairs of rhetoric at, 455 -56;

removal of teachers at, 217 , 219

Attius Patera (son of Phoebicius), 102 , 209 n. 36, 457

auctores. See Archaism; Authority (auctoritas ), of literary models; Classical authors

auctoritas. See Authority

Aufidius Victorinus (son-in-law of Fronto), 223

Augustine (no. 20): at Cassiciacum, 86 ;

compared with Basil, 87 -88;

compared with Caesarius of Aries and Sidonius Apollinaris, 94 -95;

complains of delinquent students, 120 , 122 ;

De doctrina Christiana of, 84 -85;

education of, 21 , 24 , 25 , 28 , 103 ;

on education and ambition, 28 ;

family property of, 112 ;

grammarian viewed by, 17 , 84 -87, 206 ;

origins of, 24 ;

preaching style of, 83 -84;

and prestige of literary culture, 23 ;

as protégé of Romanianus, 212 -13, 230 ;

remained unmarried while teaching, 129 ;

as rhetorician turned bishop, 73 ;

on Rome's allure for teachers, 126 ;

secular career of, 106 , 129 , 222 , 230 ;

selfdiscipline of, 84

Ausonius (no. 21): as advocate, 103 , 124 ;

disagrees with Paulinus of Nola, 80 ;

early teaching of, 46 , 460 -61, 462 ;

education of, as indication of status, 103 ;

and Herculanus, 102 , 460 -61, 462 ;

as imperial tutor, 104 , 130 n. 167, 131 ;

landholdings of, 102 -3;

marriage of, 104 ;

mobility of, 28 , 100 , 104 , 129 , 130 -31, 462 ;

on movement of teachers from Bordeaux, 128 ;

origins of, 30 n. 83, 100 , 101 , 462 ;

as patron of Ursulus, 121 ;

as source for teachers of Bordeaux, 100 , 195 , 458 ;

succeeded as grammarian by Acilius Glabrio, 458 ;

tenure of, at Bordeaux, 456 -57, 458

Authority (auctoritas ): of God, and grammarian's rules, 195 ;

of grammarian, 55 , 86 , 164 , 169 -96 passim;

of literary models, 19 , 85 , 161 , 164 , 167 , 169 -96 passim;

secular and spiritual, relations between, 75 , 80 -95 passim. See also Status

Autodidact, 48 -49

Autonomy: of grammarian, 34 ;

limitations on, 64 -69;

of professional, 33 -34. See also Authority (auctoritas ), of grammarian; Differentiation

Autun, 116 n. 87, 218 , 227

Avienus (adulescens in Saturnalia ), 171 -72, 175 , 195