Index
A
Abrahams, Roger, 113 , 141 , 149
Adamson-Clarke, Joni, 168 n. 15
Allen, Paula Gunn, 1 , 18 , 20 -21, 27 , 151 , 156
Ammons, Elizabeth, 9 , 159 n. 14
Anansi (Ashanti trickster), 118
Anzaldúa, Gloria, 1 , 18 -21, 26 , 28 , 31
archetype, trickster as, 3 , 157 nn. 2, 3.
See also folklore; myth
Aubrey, James, 164 n. 22, 165 n. 27
B
Baker, Houston, 113
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 12 -13, 17 -18, 54 , 144 -146, 160 nn. 21, 22, 172 n. 16, 175 n. 1
Ballinger, Franchot, 161 n. 28
Basso, Ellen, 159 n. 13
Beauvoir, Simone de, 160 n. 19
Beet Queen, The (Erdrich), 29 , 86 -90;
community in, 87 , 89 ;
trickster identity in, 86 -89
Beloved (Morrison), 114 , 171 n. 3
Benton-Banai, Edward, 75
Bevis, William, 74 -75
Bingo Palace, The (Erdrich), 29 , 71 , 78 , 103 -110;
casino gambling in, 102 , 106 , 170 n. 35;
Chippewa history in, 102 , 106 , 109 ;
trickster identity in, 104 -105;
use of chorus in, 103 -104
Bird, Gloria, 94 -95, 169 n. 22
Blake, Susan, 172 n. 11
border studies, 1 -2, 17 -20.
See also cross-cultural criticism; trickster, and identity
Br'er Rabbit, 112 -113, 115 -116, 128 , 131 , 133 , 135 , 137 , 151 -153
C
Carby, Hazel, 21 , 157 n. 2
Carmean, Karen, 172 n. 13
Catt, Catherine, 166 n. 1, 167 n. 11
Chesnutt, Charles, 9 , 112 , 153
Cheung, King-Kok, 44 , 158 n. 9, 164 nn. 18, 21
Chin, Frank, 66 -67
China Men (Kingston), 29 , 39 -48, 99 ;
comedy in, 44 , 48 ;
discovery in, 42 ;
fathers in, 44 -45;
genre of, 39 -40;
oral tradition in, 40 ;
revisionist mythmaking in, 41 -42;
tricksters in, 45 -47
Chinese culture, women's roles in, 31 -32, 35 -36
Chippewa culture. See Erdrich;
Tracks
Christian, Barbara, 121 , 172 nn. 10, 11
Cisneros, Sandra, 10
Coleman, James, 131
confidence-man, 8 -9
cross-cultural criticism, x, 6 -7.
See also border studies; trickster aesthetic
D
Dasenbrock, Reed Way, 161 n. 31
Davis, Cynthia, 121
Denard, Carolyn, 21 , 123
Detmer, Ann, 161 n. 30
Dorris, Michael, 99 , 166 n. 1, 170 nn. 29, 30
Doty, William, 159 n. 12
double-voicing, 15.
See also multi-vocality; signifying
E
Ellison, Ralph, 10 , 28 , 111 , 160 n. 17, 166 n. 33
Erdrich, Louise, 29 , 71 -110, 154 ;
adaptability in, 82 -84;
Chippewa history in, 72 , 87 , 94 -95, 97 -98, 102 , 106 , 109 ;
Chippewa myth in, 75 -77, 79 , 110 , 166 n. 4, 169 n. 26;
and cultural survival, 72 , 78 , 81 -82, 106 ;
and gender, 170 n. 30;
interconnection in, 72 -75;
internalized oppression in, 83 -84, 94 -96;
kinship in, 86 , 96 , 100 , 169 n. 23;
landscape in, 81 , 106 -107;
and language, 82 -83, 96 -97;
and orality, 99 -100;
and postmodernism, 73 , 91 ;
and reader, 92 -93;
revisionist mythmaking in, 79 -80, 84 -85;
storytelling in, 80 , 91 -92, 98 -99;
as trickster, 103 , 108 -100;
trickster identity in, 73 -74.
See also Beet Queen; Bingo Palace; Love Medicine; Tracks
Erickson, Peter, 140 , 173 n. 21
Eshu-Elegbara (Yoruba trickster), 14 , 19 , 147 , 159 n. 11
ethnic literatures, history of, ix.
See also trickster, in American literary history
ethnicity, and gender, 21 , 26 -28;
and voice, 54 -55.
See also cross-cultural criticism
F
Faulkner, William, 10
Felski, Rita, 5
Feuerwerker, Yi-Tse Mei, 164 n. 23
Flavin, James, 167 n. 9, 170 n. 31
Flowers in the Mirror (Li Ju-Chen), 41
folklore, xi , 157 n. 3;
African American, 112 -114, 175 n. 2.
See also Morrison; myth
Franklin, Benjamin, 10
Frye, Northrop, 157 n. 2
G
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 14 -16, 143
Gilligan, Carol, 27 , 161 n. 27
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 164 n. 16
Giovanni, Nikki, 25
Gleason, William, 167 n. 5, 169 nn. 22, 27
Goellnicht, David, 164 n. 15
Gotera, Vicente, 38
H
Harper, Frances E. W., 9
Harris, Joel Chandler, 128
Harris, Trudier, 112 -113, 115 -116, 121 , 136 , 171 nn. 1, 7
Hemingway, Ernest, 10
Herland (Gilman), 164 n. 16
Hermes (Greek trickster), 159 nn. 11
Holt, Deborah, 167 n. 11
hooks, bell, 16 , 19 -21, 28 , 162 n. 36
Hsia, C. T., 53 , 164 n. 23
Hudson-Weems, Clenora, 172 n. 9
Hughes, Langston, 112
Hurston, Zora Neale, 112 , 153
Hwang, David Henry, 10
Hynes, William, 16 , 71 , 109 , 159 nn. 12, 13
humor, as cultural survival, 98 , 169 n. 27.
See also trickster, and humor
I
I Love Lucy , 163 n.9
Iser, Wolfgang, 24
J
Johansen, Ruthann Knechel, 160 n. 22
Journey to the West (Wu Ch'eng-en), 45 , 49 , 52 -55, 57 , 59 -60
Jung, Carl, 157 n. 2
K
Kingston, Maxine Hong, 29 , 151 , 254 ;
and Chinese American history, 33 , 57 -59
and comedy, 44 , 48 , 69 ;
and her critics, 66 -67;
ethnocentrism in, 43 ;
and gender, 35 -36, 40 -42, 59 -60, 63 -64, 69 , 164 n. 30;
and pacifism, 164 n. 25
and reader, 38 -39, 64 -65, 66 -68;
revisionist mythmaking in, 41 -42, 55 -61, 163 n. 6;
storytelling in, 34 , 36 -40, 49 , 52 , 65
as trickster, 63 -69.
See also China Men; Tripmaster Monkey; Woman Warrior .
L
Larsen, Nella, 173 n. 22
Lauter, Estella, 3 , 158 n. 8
Legba (Fon trickster), 147 -148, 159 n. 11
Lenz, William, 8 -9, 159 n. 15
Levine, Lawrence W., 171 n. 2
Li, David Leiwei, 163 n. 6
Lightfoot, Marjorie, 163 n. 8
Lim, Shirley Geok-Lin, 26
liminality, 7 .
See also border studies; trickster
Lin, Patricia, 53 , 161 n. 24, 164 n. 22
Lincoln, Kenneth, 142 , 151 , 155 , 174 n. 1
Lindberg, Gary 159 n. 14
Ling, Amy, 1 , 18 , 27 , 31 , 63
Loki (Norse trickster), 159 n. 11, 164 n. 19
Love Medicine (Erdrich), 29 , 71 -83, 90 -97, 129 ;
Chippewa history in, 94 ;
Chippewa myth in, 75 -77, 79 , 169 n. 26;
communal narrative in, 90 -94;
expanded edition of, 96 -97, 100 -103;
healing in, 76 -78, 169 n. 22;
political statement in, 76 , 81 ;
reader as trickster in, 92 -93;
storytelling in, 80 ;
trickster identity in, 83 , 101
M
magical realism, 17 , 147 , 158 n. 6, 174 n. 27
masking, as trickster strategy, 10 , 12 , 113 , 153 .
See also under Morrison
McKenzie, James, 166 n. 1
Melville, Herman, 8 , 10
Miller, Arthur, 61
Minh-ha, Trinh T. See Trinh T. Minh-ha
Mobley, Marilyn Sanders, 157 n. 4, 172 n. 16
Monkey King, 32 , 45 , 50 -52, 55 -56, 151 -153
Morrison, Toni, 29 , 111 -150, 154 -155;
and communal narrative, 6 , 147 -149, 174 n. 28;
and community, 111 -112, 114 -118, 130 ;
discredited knowledge in, 137 -138, 140 , 147 ;
and folklore, 112 -113, 127 -128, 133 , 141 , 144 -145;
and gender, 114 -115, 122 -124, 129 , 131 -137, 140 -141;
language, 142 -143;
masking in, 113 -114, 126 , 143 -146, 172 n. 16, 173 n. 26;
orality in, 149 ;
and reader, 141 -142, 148 -150, 174 n. 29;
revisionist mythmaking in, 132 -133;
signifying in, 143 , 146 , 149 ;
storytelling in, 127 , 138 -139, 149 ;
as trickster, 119 -120, 141 -150, 173 n. 23;
on western myth, 121 -122, 141 .
See also Song of Solomon; Sula; Tar Baby
Mourning Dove, 9 , 153
multivocality, and identity, 33 ;
as narrative form, 49 , 62 , 65 , 90 -94;
as trickster strategy, 11 -12, 154 -155.
See also double-voicing, narrative of community
myth, as culture-building, 4 -6, 158 n. 6;
theories of, xi , 3 , 5 -6, 157 n. 3, 158 n. 8, 159 n. 11.
See also folklore; revisionist myth-making
N
Nanabozho, 97 -98, 205 , 110 , 151 -153, 71 -72, 75 -76, 83 -84, 86
narrative of community, 3 -5, 158 n. 6.
See also multivocality
Newton, Judith, 157 n. 1, 158 n. 8
nonwestern worldview, 8 , 17 -19, 34 -35, 42 -44, 90 , 93 , 113 -114, 116 -117, 129
O
Oakes, Karen, 160 n. 23
O'Connor, Flannery, 160 n. 17
O'Neill, Eugene, 61
oral tradition, 6 , 53 , 90 -94, 99 , 149 , 162 n. 2;
and Chinese culture, 164 n. 23.
See also storytelling
Ovid, 164 n. 21
P
Pelton, Robert, x, 118 , 147 -150, 153 -154, 156
Perez-Castillo, Susan, 97
Peterson, Nancy J., 169 n. 24
Poe, Edgar Allen, 8 , 10
postmodernism, 16 -17, 53 , 73 , 91 , 152 , 164 n. 22
Pratt, Annis, 5 , 158 n. 8
Price Herndl, Diane, 13
Price, Kenneth, 165 n. 30
Q
Quicksand (Larsen), 173 n. 22
R
Rabinowitz, Paula, 22
Radin, Paul, x, 157 n. 2
Rainwater, Catherine, 91
reader, role of in trickster text, 23 -25, 154 -156.
See also under Erdrich; Kingston; Morrison
Reed, Ishmael, 10
revisionist mythmaking, 5 -7.
See also under Erdrich; Kingston; Morrison
Roberts, John W., x, 3 -5, 112 -113, 125 , 131 , 175 n. 2
Robinson Crusoe (Defoe), 43 -44
Romance of the Three Kingdoms , 57 -59
Rosenfelt, Deborah, 157 n. 1, 158 n. 8
Ruoff, A. LaVonne Brown, 160 n. 18
Ruppert, James, 93 , 167 n. 6
Rushkin, Donna Kate, 25
S
Samuels, Wilfred, 172 n. 9
Sands, Kathleen, 92 -93, 169 n. 21
Saragossa Manuscript, The (film), 61
Sarris, Greg, 77 , 168 n. 13, 169 n. 22
Schueller, Malini, 162 n. 4, 163 n. 6
Shiva, 20
signifying, as trickster strategy, 113 .
See also under Morrison
signifying monkey, 14 , 143
Silberman, Robert, 91
Silko, Leslie, 10
Skerrett, Joseph, 125 , 142 , 172 n. 17
Sledge, Linda Ching, 164 n. 8
Song of Solomon (Morrison), 22 , 29 , 114 , 120 -127, 135 , 149 ;
community in, 123 -126;
conjuror in, 125 -126;
myth in, 121 -122, 172 n. 13;
role of griot in, 127 ;
trickster identity in, 121 -122, 124 -125
Stein, Gertrude, 54
storytelling, as a trickster strategy, 22 -24.
See also under Erdrich; Kingston; Morrison
Sui Sin Far (Edith Eaton), 9 , 153
Sula (Morrison), 29 , 114 -120, 125 ;
community in, 115 -118;
trickster identity in, 118 -120
Suyin, Han, 31 , 33 , 161 n. 25
T
Tar Baby (Morrison), 22 , 29 -30, 111 , 115 , 125 -142, 149 , 154 ;
ambiguity in, 141 ;
blindness in, 129 , 137 -139;
cultural conflict in, 129 , 131 -135;
revisionist mythmaking in, 132 -133;
tar as trope in, 129 , 132 -136, 144 ;
trickster identity in, 129 -131, 135 , 137 -141
Thoreau, Henry David, 67 , 165 n. 32
Toomer, Jean, 112
Tracks (Erdrich), 22 , 29 , 40 , 46 , 71 , 82 -86, 93 -102;
Chippewa history in, 94 -95, 97 -98;
communal narrative in, 169 n. 21;
narrative structure in, 93 -94;
storytelling in, 98 -99;
trickster identity in, 84 -85
Traylor, Eleanor, 132
trickster, in American literary history, xi , 2 -3, 7 -11, 12 , 153 , 159 nn. 12, 15;
and community, 4 , 85 -86, 104 -105, 125 -126, 130 , 154 -155;
as critical model, 1 , 20 ;
as cross-cultural, 7 , 17 -18, 153 ;
as culture-builder, 3 , 9 , 126 , 153 -154;
and gender, 5 , 21 -22, 27 , 161 n. 28;
and humor, 10 , 12 , 16 , 26 , 30 , 98 , 151 ,
153 -154, 156 , 169 n. 27;
and identity, 20 , 25 , 50 ;
and language, 14 -16;
limits of, in characterization, 77 -78, 86 , 119 -120;
negative perception of, 8 , 112 -113;
as political agent, 12 -16, 46 -47, 113 -114, 155 -156;
as postmodern, 16 -17, 73 , 91 , 53 , 152 ;
as sacred, 8 , 112 , 124 -125, 147 ;
as survivor, 8 , 72 ;
as visionary, 13 -14, 156 ;
and women of color, 1 -2, 28 , 152 ;
in world literature, 159 n. 11, 267 n. 8.
See also individual novels
trickster aesthetic, as critical model, 11 -15, 22 , 152 -156
Trinh T. Minh-ha, 17 , 23 , 25
Tripmaster Monkey (Kingston), 22 , 29 , 48 -69, 151 , 154 ;
American culture in, 50 -51, 53 , 60 -61;
audience in, 64 , 67 -68;
Chinese American history in, 57 -59;
community in, 51 -53, 57 -58, 65 , 68 -69;
language in, 54 -55;
narrative structure of, 52 -53, 61 -62, 64 -65;
and postmodernism, 53 ;
racism in, 49 -50, 58 -59, 64 , 66 , 69 ;
storytelling in, 49 , 52 , 65 ;
tricksters in, 50 -51;
use of myth in, 51 , 56 -61, 65 ;
war in, 58 -59
Turner, Victor, 7 , 19 , 159 n. 11
TuSmith, Bonnie, 24 -25, 85 , 153 , 158 n. 5, 161 n. 33, 163 n. 10, 165 n. 31, 168 n. 20
Twain, Mark, 8 , 10 , 54
V
Vecsey, Christopher, 166 n. 4
Velie, Alan, 90 , 109 , 167 n. 8
Vizenor, Gerald, 10 , 14 -16, 23 -24, 76 , 78 , 91 -93, 98 , 103
W
Wadlington, Warwick, 159 n. 14
Wakdjunkaga (Winnebago trickster), 157 n. 2, 159 n. 11
Ward, Jerry Jr., 160 n. 18
Watanna, Onoto (Winnifred Eaton),
Water Margin, The , 57 -58, 165 n. 24
Werner, Craig, 173 nn. 20, 26
White-Parks, Annette, 9 , 159 n. 14
Whitman, Walt, 50 , 54
Wiget, Andrew, 13 , 77 , 81 , 161 n. 28
Wilentz, Gay, 172 n. 9, 174 n. 30
Williams, William Carlos, 63
Willis, Susan, 174 n. 31
Woman Warrior, The (Kingston), 22 , 29 , 32 -39, 66 , 162 n. 34;
as communal autobiography, 34 ;
trickster identity in, 33 ;
trickster narration in, 37 -39;
as postmodern, 164 n. 22;
use of paradox in, 34 -37
Wong, Sau-ling Cynthia, 163 n. 6
Woolf, Virginia, 63
Y
Yalom, Marilyn, 164 n. 22
Yellowman, 1 , 23
Z
Zagarell, Sandra, 3 -5, 158 n. 6
Zitkala-Sa[*] , 9 , 153