C

Cabinet du roi, 39

Calendars: for sale in Paris, 194

study of, 58

Campani, Giuseppe, lens maker, 44

Canguilhem, Georges, on analogy, 120 , 121 , 122 , 144

Capillarity, 138 , 139 -140, 141 , 142 , 157

Carcavi, Pierre de, 14 , 60 , 294 n.44, 327 n.57

associated with both Academy and Bibliothèque du roi, 39 , 51

handles finances of Academy, 50 , 285 n.4

lodged at Bibliothèque du roi, 41 , 334 n.80

Cartesianism. See Descartes

Cartography: influence of Academy on, 192 , 198 , 211 , 223

map of France by Academy, 21 , 22 , 32 , 49 -50

map of généralité de Paris by Academy, 32

map of world by Academy, 22 , 44 , 49 -50, 53

popular among Parisian readers, 185

study of by Academy, 42 , 48 , 49 -50, 55 , 59 , 169 , 222

Cassini, Jean Dominique, 18 , 20 , 23 , 32 , 39 , 49 , 203 , 206 , 211 , 291 n.13, 294 n.44, 331 n.61

access of to king, 22 , 26

attends meetings sponsored by Geoffroy, 196

and biological sciences, 22

celebrity in Academy, 13 , 35 , 36

designs planisphere, 45 , 48

family of, 43 , 58

as Fellow of Royal Society, 202

has network of informants, 212 , 333 n.78, 334 n.90

lodging of, 43 , 190

and Observatoire, 41 , 43

portrait of, 6

role of in Academy, 182

work of, 43 , 44 , 48 , 53 , 58

Causation. See Explanation

Censorship, 191 , 223

Chaillou, Jacques, 127 , 128

Chapelain, Jean, adviser to Colbert, 31

Chapotot, maker of mathematical instruments, 192

Charas, Moyse, 18 , 23 , 172 , 173 , 202 , 203 , 209 , 214 , 331 n.61

appointment of helps revive Academy, 111

career of, 20 -21

teaches at Jardin royal, 38

Charles I, king of England, as collector, 195

Charles II, king of England, 34 , 329 n.29, 330 n.32

Chassebras du Breau, M. le Chevalier, sponsor of scientific meetings, 196

Chastillon, Louis Claude, engraver, 54 , 58 , 68 , 72 , 80 , 82 , 106 , 107 , 112 , 299 n.36, 300 n.38, 301 n.49

Chatton, surgeon, 175 , [204]

Chazelles, Jean Mathieu de, 36 , 211

Chemical analysis. See also Bourdelin; Chemical constituents; Distillants; Distillation; Dodart; Duclos; Homberg; Medicine, and pharmacology

—of animals, 18 , 96

—methods of, 19 , 20 , 73 , 93 , 94 , 95 -97, 100 , 151 , 214 , 333 n.71

—of plants, 18 , 19 , 20 , 70 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 79 , 80 , 83 , 89 -102, 152

goals of, 82 , 87 , 91 , 94 , 98 -100, 102 , 225

important to Academy, 82 , 89 -90

medical applications of, 173

outsiders asked to send data, 212

problematic, 69 , 82 , 87 , 88 -89, 92 , 95 , 100 , 104 , 108 , 110

selection of plants for, 100

—of saps, 136

—of seeds, 152

—of soils, 96 , 109 , 113 , 151

—of testes-mortes , 151

—of waters, 18 , 48 , 50 , 82 , 83 , 89 , 108 , 109 , 172 , 305 n.46, 315 n.27, 317 n.3

—of wines, 108

Chemical constituents: in organic matter, 102 , 156

in plants, 73 , 90 , 91 , 94 , 98 -99, 100 , 101 , 113 , 134 , 152 , 204 , 225

in waters, 169 .

See also Chemical analysis

Chemistry, 58 , 83 , 145 , 319 n.22

apparatus for on sale in Paris, 193

and botany, 65

central to scientific explanation, 67 , 73 , 102 , 118 , 124

French and English different, 214 , 215 .

See also Chemical analysis; Chemical constituents; Distillants; Distillation; Literature; Medicine

Cipolla, Carlo M., 184

Circulation, general concept of, 123 , 128 , 129 , 143 .

See also Blood; Sap

Clandestine activities by savants, 201

Clark, Timothy, 132

Clave, Estienne de, 171

Claviceps purpurea , 174

Clément, Nicolas, 43 , 292 n.16

lodged at Bibliothèque du roi, 41

Clérambault, Nicolas, as purchasing agent for Academy and Royal Library, 51

Clocks, 21 , 156

for Jesuits, 53

pendulum, 44 , 48 , 58

and watches, 193

Cochineal, seed or insect, 214

Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 25 , 71 , 104 , 107 , 160 , 196 , 205 , 221 , 223 , 302 n.62, 319 n.20

advisers of, 18 , 31

appoints academicians, 18 -19, 20 -23, 48 , 223

and Bibliothèque du roi, 190

designs Academy, 3 , 13 , 14 , 17 , 24 -25, 29 -33, 34 , 36 -37, 51 , 55 , 59 , 70 , 221 , 223

encourages Louis XIV to visit Academy, 7 , 26

family of, 25 , 39

funds Academy, 7 , 46 , 47 -51, 52 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 80

plans to reform kingdom, 30

portraits of, 6 , 42 .

See also Patronage

Collaboration. See Ideals

Collecting and collections, 190 , 194 , 195 -196, 199 , 215

by academicians, 20 , 21 , 38 , 195 .

See also Académie royale des sciences, traits of

Collège royal, 17 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 35

offers instruction in mathematics, 197

Colson, taxidermist, 194 , 293 n.26

Columna, Fabius (Colonna, Fabio), 70

Community, scholarly and scientific, 28 , 79 , 155 -156, 159 , 169 , 170 , 180 -182, 200 , 210

eclipsed by Academy, 182 , 186 , 205 , 209 , 223 , 224

ideals of, 27 -29, 297 n.40

intellectual sectarianism in, 201

of mathematicians, 205

in Paris, 180 -198

rivalry in, 200 , 202 , 206 -207

role of monasteries in, 22 , 24 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 327 n.52.

See also Académie royale des sciences, relations of with others; Gloire

"Compagnie," 28

Compagnie des arts et métiers, 59 , 197

Compton, Henry, bishop of London, 203 , 213

Condé, Louis II de Bourbon, prince de ("le grand Condé"), portrait of, 6

Cornut, Jacques Philippe, 70

Corpuscularian and atomist theories of matter, 98 , 102 , 214 , 317 n.4

and theories of generation, 147 , 148 , 149

Correspondence, 18 , 199 , 210 -202, 203 , 209 , 210

to Academy, 212

embargoes on, 201

to Nicolas and Jean Marchant, 204

Couplet, Claude Antoine, 14 , 211 , 294 n.35

as purchasing agent for Academy, 51

Couplet, Pierre, 58

Curiosities, 26 , 80 , 110 , 184 , 194 , 210 , 212 .

See also Collecting and collections; Louis XIV; Plants, rare and foreign

"Curious research," deprecated, 108

Cusset, 44