Index

Note: Italicized page numbers indicate illustrations.

A

Adamnan, 76 n9, 92

Aerial photography, ix , x , 24

Agriculture, 36 –37

Ahenny, 95

Airechtach (priest of Armagh), 78

Allen, J. Romilly, 14 n1

Amairgen, 16

Ancient History of the Kingdom of Kerry (O'Sullivan), 13

Ankh, 96 , 96

Annals of Inisfallen , 10 , 79

Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland , 10

Annals of Tigernach , 77

Annals of Ulster , 10 , 79

Anthony, Saint, 1 , 10 , 76

Antiphonary of Bangor , 77

Antrim county, 89

Architecture:

and availability of timber, 42 , 95 ;

dry-stone, 10 , 25 , 29 , 35 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 72 ;

ecclesiastical, ix , 17 , 42 , 71 , 95 ;

of oratories, 40 , 42 , 49 , 71 ;

Romano-British, 89 ;

of Skellig Michael monastery, ix , 10 , 13 , 71 –73;

of South Peak hermitage, 71 –73

Ardagh chalice, 89

Aristocracy, 76 –77

Armagh, 78

Asceticism, 1 , 37 , 65 , 67 , 76 –79, 85

Athanasius, Saint, 76

Athlone, 11 n8

B

Ballinskelligs monks, 10 –11, 13

Bangor monks, 36 , 77

Barlaam monastery, 2

Basil, Saint, 1

Bede, the Venerable, 72 , 92

Beehive cells, 7 , 10 , 39 , 42 , 51 , 68 n3, 72

Benedict, Saint, 1

Benedictine monks, 79

Berlin, Staatliche Museum of, 96 n10

Blind Man's Cove, 7

Bolus Head, 4

Book of Durrow, 89

Book of Kells, 95

Burial sites, 16 , 18 , 20 , 40 , 50 , 83 . See also Leachta

Byzantium, ring cross in, 92

C

Cambray Homily, 65

Cambrensis, Giraldus, 10 , 11 n8

Canons Regular of St. Augustine, 11

Celtic cross. See Ring cross

Chatterton, Lady, 14 n1

Christianity:

and architecture, ix , 17 , 42 , 71 , 95 ;

and ascetic revival, 76 –79;

in Egypt, 1 , 76 –77, 95 –96;

and Irish society, 76 –77;

and monasticism, 1 –2, 10 –11, 23 , 76 –79;

and scholasticism, 77 ;

and secularization, 77 , 79 ;

and shift to diocesan structure, 11

Christ's Saddle, 4 , 6 –7, 14 , 16 , 19 , 26 , 26 , 39 , 42 , 56 –57, 73 n4

Chronicle of Ireland, 10 n6

Chuindless, Abbot, 89

Cisterns, 14 , 46

Clédat, Jean, 96

Climate, 10 , 20 –21, 64

Clonmacnoise monastery, 77 –78, 83 , 89 –90, 95

Columba, Saint, 76 –77

Comgall, Abbot, 36

Commissioners of Irish Lights, x , 7 , 11

Coptic artifacts, 91 –92, 92 , 95 –96, 96

Cork, 11 n8

Corman (abbot of Monasterboice), 77

Cross Cove, 36

Cross slabs, 42 , 81–82 , 89 , 91 , 95 ;

on oratory terrace, 40 , 44 , 45 , 73 , 80 , 83 ;

on Spit, x , 14 –16, 18 , 53 –54, 54–55

Culdee revival, 76 –79

Cuthbert, Saint, 37 , 72 , 77 n11

D

da Danaan, Tuatha, 16

Dating:

archaeological, 71 –73;

historical, 73 , 80 , 83

Degan, Bishop, 89

Déglán, Saint, 71 –72

Demetia, 89

de Paor, Liam, 13 , 18 , 21 , 58

Desmond Rebellions, 11

Diet, monastic, 36 , 45

Dowdall (archbishop of Armagh), 13

Dub-da-inber (abbot of Monasterboice), 77

Dunraven, third earl of, 17 –18, 20 –21, 23 –24, 40 , 45 , 58

Durrow monks, 77

E

Early Christian Archaeology of North Britain (Thomas), 95

Eccelesiastical History (Bede), 92

Edfu, 96

Edwards, Nancy, 92

Egypt:

Christianity in, 1 , 76 –77, 95 –96;

iconography of, 95 –96, 96 –97

Elizabeth I (queen of England), 11

Emain Macha, 77

Enclosure walls, 30 , 32 , 36 –37

England, ring cross in, 89 , 92 , 95

Eremitism, 1 , 23 , 37 , 76

Evagrius of Antioch, 76 n5

F

Faeroe Islands, 10

Farne Island, 37 , 72 , 77 n11

Fayum, 96 n10

Fer-dá-chrich, Abbot, 78

Festology, 10

Findglais monastery, 78

Fionan, Saint, 10

Foley, Patrick, 14 n1

Forde, Aidan, xi

Fossati brothers, 92

France, Mont-Saint-Michel in, 10 n5

Fursey, Saint, 77 n11

G

Galway, 77 n11

Garden terrace, 25, 33 –35, 56 –57 ;

architecture of, 73 n3;

construction of, 32 , 35 –36;

as dwelling place, 67 –68;

function of, 36 –37;

reconstructive drawings of, 24, 34 , 69 , 74 –75 ;

topography of, 23 , 73 n3

Geology, x , 4 , 36 , 72

Gillan, Eugene, 20 –21, 23 , 40

Greece, monasticism in, 1 –2

H

Hagiography, 76

Hayward, Richard, 14 , 53

Henry, Françoise, 13 , 18 , 20 –21

Herity, Michael, 45

History and Topography of Ireland (Cambrensis), 10 , 11 n8

Hoggar Mountains, 1

I

Iconography, 91 , 96 –97

Illaunloughan island, 50

Illauntannig monastery, 42

Inishmurray monastery, 42 , 44

Iona monastery, 77

Ireland:

Desmond Rebellions in, 11 ;

ecclesiastical architecture in, ix , 17 , 42 , 71 , 95 ;

invaded by Milesians, 16 ;

monasticism in, 10 –11, 76 –79;

Norman conquest of, 11 ;

paruchiae in, 76 –79

Italy, Monte Gargano in, 10 n5

Iveragh Peninsula, 4 , 39

K

Kalabaka, 1 –2, 2

Kells, 37 n8

Kent, 89

Kerry county, 4 , 10 , 15 , 50

Kerry Mountain Rescue Team, x , 41

Kirkinriola, church of, 89

Kirkmadrine, 89

L

Lawler, H. C., 89

Leachta , 40 , 42 , 43–44 , 45

Lebor Gabála Érenn , 16

Life of Antony (St. Athanasius), 76 n5

Life of Columba (Adamnan), 92

Life of St. Martin (Severus), 76

Lighthouses, x , 11 , 14

Lindisfarne, 37 , 77 n11

Lionard, Pádraig, 80 , 83 , 89 –91

Little Skellig, 5, 38 , 39 , 85 , 86–87

Lough Corrib, 77 n11

Lullingstone, 89

M

Macalister, Stewart, 90 –91

Máel-díthruib, 78

Máel-ruain, 10 , 78

Mango, Cyril, 92

Martin, Saint, 76

The Martyrology of Tallaght (Máel-ruain), 10

Mason, Thomas H., 14 n1

Meteora, 1 –2, 2

Michael, Saint, 10

Milesian invasion, 16

Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 91 –92, 95

Mitchell, Frank, x , 4

Mithraic iconography, 96 –97, 97

Monasterboice monastery, 77

Monastery of Skellig Michael:

architecture of, ix , 10 , 13 , 71 –73;

beehive cells of, 7 , 10 , 39 , 42 , 68 n3, 72 ;

cisterns of, 14 , 46 ;

food supply of, 36 ;

gardens of, 68 n3, 72 ;

graveyard in, 50 ;

history of, 7 , 10 –11;

leacht in, 45 , 50 ;

microclimate of, 64 ;

oratories of, 7 , 10 , 42 , 49 , 72 ;

St. Michael's church at, 10 , 11 n8;

studied by Liam de Paor, 18

Monastery of Tallaght , 78

Monasticism, 1 –2, 10 –11, 23 , 76 –79

Monte Gargano, 10 n5

Mont-Saint-Michel, 10 n5

Mosaics, 92 , 93

Mosaics of St. Sophia at Istanbul (Whittemore), 92

Moscow, State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts in, 96 –97

Munster, 11 n8

N

National Monuments Service, ix , x , 45

Needle's Eye, 13 –14, 16 , 18 , 25 , 25 , 27 –29, 29 –30, 32 , 32, 56 –57, 73 , 79

Nektarios, 2

Norman conquest, 10 –11

Notes on Irish Architecture (Lord Dunraven), 17

O

O'Brien, John, xi

O'Connor, Thomas, 15

O'Kelly, Michael, 36 n7

O'Leary, Paddy, ix , 33 , 35 , 40

Oratories:

architecture of, 40 , 42 , 49 , 71 ;

as dwellings, 68 n3;

of Skellig Michael monastery, 7 , 10 , 42 , 49 ;

of South Peak hermitage, 40 , 42 , 49 , 67

Oratory terrace, 19, 25 , 37 –39, 43 , 56 –57 ;

architecture of, 72 –73;

climbing trail on, 37 –38, 51 ;

cross slab on, 40 , 44 , 45 , 73 , 80 , 83 ;

early documentation of, 16 , 18 , 20 –21;

eastern extension of, 47 , 50 ;

Gillan's plan of, 20 ;

leacht on, 40 , 42 , 45 ;

oratory structure on, 40 , 42 , 49 , 67 ;

orthostats on, 40 , 50 ;

reconstructive drawings of, viii, 24 , 41 , 48 –49, 74 –75 ;

reliquary shrine on, 50 ;

retaining walls of, 38 –40, 47 , 47 , 49 ;

surveying of, 40 ;

topography of, 23 ;

view from, 39 ;

water basins on, 45 –46, 67

Ordnance Survey, 15 –18, 21 , 40

Ó'Ríordáin, Seán, 89 , 95

Orkney Islands, 10

Orthostats, 40 , 50 , 50

Ostracina, North Basilica of, 96 , 97

O'Sullivan, Friar, 13

O'Sullivan, Michael, x , 4 , 36 nn4-5, 73 nn3-4

Outer terrace, xi, 25 , 56 –61;

construction of, 58 –60;

early documentation of, 18 ;

reconstructive drawings of, 24, 62 –63, 74 –75;

retaining walls of, 52;

shelter on, 60 –62, 64 –65, 67 ;

topography of, 23 , 54 , 58 , 67

P

Pachomius, Saint, 1

Paruchiae , 76 –77, 79

Photography, ix –x, 17 –18, 24

Pilgrimages, 13 , 23 –24

Plane table, ix , x , 40 , 41

Plinths, 40

Portmagee channel, 50

R

Reliquary shrines, 42 , 45 , 50 , 50 . See also Leachta

Retaining walls, 33–35, 37 , 38 –40, 47 , 47 , 49 , 58 , 72 –73

Ring cross, 80 , 83 , 94–95;

Chi-Rho type, 89 , 90–91;

development of Irish, 89 –91;

Near Eastern prototypes of, 91 –92, 92–93 , 95 –97, 96–97

Ring of Kerry, 5, 38

Rinns of Galloway, 89

Rourke, Grellan, ix , xi , 35 , 36 n4, 40 , 68 n2

Rule of Columba, 78

Rule of St. Carthage , 78

Rule of the Célí Dé , 78

S

Sahara desert, 1

Saint Sophia church at Istanbul, 92 , 93

Scholasticism, 77

Seal Cove, 36

Secularization, 77 , 79

Severus, Sulpicius, 76

Shetland Islands, 10

Shurinova, R., 97

Simeon Stylites, Saint, 1

Skellig Michael, 4–9;

climate of, 10 , 20 –21, 64 ;

fieldwork on, ix –x;

geology of, 4 , 36 , 72 ;

lighthouses on, x , 11 , 14 ;

maps of, 7 , 15 , 17 , 74 ;

monastery of, ix , 7 , 10 –11, 36 ;

pilgrimages to, 13 ;

roads on, 7;

surveying of, ix –x, 15 –18;

water supply of, 46 .

See also Monastery of Skellig Michael; South Peak

Skellig Rocks, 5

Skeuomorphs , 95

Slabs. See Cross slabs; Orthostats

Sligo county, 44

Smith, Charles, 12 –16, 53

Snodgrass, Lee, ix , 33 , 35 , 40 , 45

Social structure, monastic, 76 –77

South Peak, 19, 24 –27, 31 , 37 –39, 51 –61, 75 ;

climbing trail on, 26 , 28 –30, 32 , 51 , 58 –59;

discovery of hermitage on, ix , 11 , 23 ;

geology of, 36 ;

hazards of, ix –x, 13 –14, 24 –25, 59 ;

in historical record, 13 –21, 24 ;

micro-climate of, 64 –65;

summit of, 51 , 53 –54, 59 ;

surveying of, 15 –16, 40

Spit, the, x , 14 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 23 , 53 –54, 53–57 , 85

Stack, Lotus, 92

Stokes, Margaret, 14 n1

Stone of Don, 16

Stone of Pain, 16

Suibni (monk of Skellig), 10

Surveying, ix –x, 15 –19, 40

T

Tallaght monastery, 78

Teaching of Máel-ruain , 78

Tech Molaise, 68 n3

Terryglass, 78

Thebaid desert, 76

Theodore (bishop of Ravenna), 89

Theophanes, 2

Thessaly, 1 –2, 2

Thomas, Charles, 95

Tirey, William (bishop of Cork), 13

Trevet, 77

The Triads of Ireland , 78

U

Uí Néill monks, 77

V

Vertical slabs. See Orthostats

Viking raids, 18 , 73 , 79 –80

Vita Antonii (St. Athanasius), 76 n5

Vita Sancti Columbae (Adamnan), 76 n9

Voteporix (king of Ireland), 89 ; tombstone of, 91

W

Wales, 89

Walsh, Dermot, xi , 64

War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill , 10 n6, 79

Water basins, 45 –46, 46 , 67

Wessel, Klaus, 96

Westmeath county, 11 n8

Westropp, T. J., 14 n1

Whithorn, 89

Whittemore, Thomas, 92

Windele, John, 16

Wyndham-Quin, Edwin Richard Windham. See Dunraven, third earl of

Y

Yeats, William Butler, 84

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