Index

A

Abaci, 80 -81, 97 (Plates Xa-b, XIa-b, Figs. 29a-b)

Abelard, 5 , 151 n. 21

Abraham, with souls. See Archivolts: first (left)

Acts, Book of, 5 , 162 n. 4

Aeropagitica sive Sancti Dionysii vita,151 n. 20

Agnus Dei, 60 -61 (Plate Va-b, Fig. 20). See also Archivolts: third and fourth (center); Signum Christi

Anagogical principle, 4 -5, 150 -51n. 19

Anatomical verisimilitude, 2 , 30 -31, 35 , 42 , 44 -45, 58 , 61 -62, 67 , 68 , 69 , 72 , 73 , 92 , 102 , 110 -11, 116 -17, 118

Angels. See Archivolts: first (center); Archivolts: second (center); Archivolts: third and fourth (center); Tympanum: lunette; Tympanum: middle zone

Animal motifs. See Monsters

Apocalypse, Book of, 60 -61, 98 , 100 , 104 , 168 n. 1, 175 -76n. 9

Apostle bas-relief, 92 , 165 n. 16

Apostles. See Tympanum: middle zone

Archaeological examinations, xi -xii, 12 , 13 -14, 16 -26, 76 -78, 156 -57nn. 21, 22, 159 -60n. 30, 170 (Chapter 6) n. 1;

diagrams of, 16 -17, 159 n. 28, 174 -75n. 4 (Plates IIb-XIb)

Architects, 10 . See Cellérier, Jacques; Debret, François; Legrand, Jacques-Guillaume; Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène Emanuel

Architectural details of sculptures, 71 -72, 80 -81, 82 -83, 84 -85, 88

Archivolts, 19 -20, 21 , 39 , 74 , 87 , 104 , 115 (Plates Va, b-IXa, b)

—first (center):

Judging Christ and angels presenting souls for Judgment, 54 , 55 -59, 168 -69nn. 1, 2 (Plate Va-b, Figs. 17-19)

—second (center):

censing angels, 58 -59, 120 , 175 n. 6 (Plate Va-b)

—third and fourth (center):

Trinity (Plate Va-b, Figs. 20-21).

See also Agnus Dei; Cosmos: schemata of; Iconography: of central portal; Master of the Tympanum Angels; Signum Christi

third: Deity holding disk with apocalyptic Lamb, 23 , 25 , 60 -63, 65 , 168 -69nn. 2, 6

fourth: Dove on cloud supported by two angels, 63 -65, 120 , 170 nn. 8, 9

—first (left):

Paradise and the Blessed (first tier), 21 , 43 -44, 45 , 54 , 69 -75, 120 , 168 n. 1, 170 (Chapter 5) n. 1;

Archangel “Gabriel” (second tier), 71 , 72 , 74 ;

Abraham with souls (third tier), 71 , 73 -75, 89 , 117 (Plates VIa-b, VIIa-b, Figs. 7, 23-24).

See also Iconography; Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins; Master of the Tympanum Angels; Tympanum: lintel zone, Resurrected Dead

—first (right):

the Damned and tortures of Hell, 54 , 55 , 66 -70, 71 , 90 , 120 , 168 n. 1, 170 (Chapter 5) n. 1 (Plates VIIIa-b, IXa-b, Fig. 22).

See also Master of the Tympanum Angels; Tympanum: lintel zone

—second, third, and fourth (left and right):

patriarchs/Elders of the Apocalypse, 9 , 25 -26, 36 -37, 53 -54, 61 , 86 -87, 90 , 98 -117, 120 , 154 n. 49, 174 -77nn. 4, 9, 12-14;

12th-c. heads of, 37 -39, 98 -100, 165 n. 13, 174 n. 2 (Plates Va, b-IXa, b, Figs. 13a-b, 30a-c, 31-34).

See also Elders of the Apocalypse; Iconography; Master of the Elders/patriarchs; Restorations; Tree of Jesse; Tympanum: figure of Christ

Areopagus (Athens), 5 , 162 -63n. 4

Atlantids. See Jambs: Atlantids

Aubert, Marcel, 165 n. 13, 171 -72n. 16, 174 n. 2

Augustine, 162 -63n. 4, 165 n. 16, 169 -70n. 6

Autun cathedral, 3 , 165 -66n. 17

B

Baldachins. See Jambs: baldachins

Banderoles, 29 -30. See also Tympanum: figure of Christ

Bases, 94 -95 (Plates Xa-b, XIa-b, Fig. 28)

Beaulieu, Michèle, 165 n. 13, 171 -72n. 16, 174 n. 2

Beaulieu, in Corrèze, 93 , 178 n. 5

Bede (674-735), 104 , 151 n. 21, 175 n. 7

Benoît, Antoine, 7 -8, 153 -54nn. 40, 43 (Fig. 1)

Blessed. See Archivolts: first (left)

Blois, Le Sieur, 161 -62n. 41, 168 n. 30

Blum, Pamela Z., xii , 150 n. 15, 153 -54nn. 41, 43, 46, 156 n. 20, 157 n. 22, 159 n. 29, 160 n. 31, 161 n. 39, 169 n. 5, 170 n. 9, 170 (Chapter 6)n. 1

Bourges cathedral, 92 , 164 -65n. 12

Brettelé marks (striations of chisel), 21 , 30

Brun, Joseph-Sylvestre, xi , 11 , 66 , 76 , 155 n. 3, 159 n. 27, 161 -62n. 41, 168 n. 30, 171 -72n. 16

Burgundy, influences from, 157 n. 24, 170 -71 (Chapter 6) n. 2

Buttresses. See Masonry: mural

C

Capitals, 79 , 92 , 96 -97 (Plates Xa-b, XIa-b, Fig. 29a)

Catulliacum, 5 -6

Caveau royal. See Crypt

Celestial Hierarchy,5 , 163 n. 4

Cellérier, Jacques, 14 , 29 , 155 n. 57 (Figs. 3, 4)

Cement, 18 . See also Mortar

Central portal, xi -xii;

damage to, 7 -9;

design principles of, 2 -3, 40 -41, 51 , 54 , 69 -70, 74 -75, 82 -83, 89 -90, 94 , 96 , 97 , 101 , 104 , 109 , 110 , 114 -15, 118 -21;

12th-c. sill level of, 155 n. 56 (Plate I, schema opp. Plate I).

See also Archivolts; Christ; Iconography; Inscriptions, incised; Jambs; Lintels; Masonry; Proportions of figures; Restorations; Saint-Denis, Abbey of;

Statue-columns; Tympanum

Charlemagne (king of the Franks, r. 768-814), 6

Chartres cathedral, 1 , 92 , 95 , 157 n. 24, 171 n. 7, 172 n. 17, 174 n. 3

Christ:

ancestors of, 98 , 120 ;

dual nature of, 162 n. 4;

miracles at Saint-Denis of, 3 , 6 , 150 n. 7;

Passion of, 167 n. 25;

Second Coming of, 43 , 62 -63, 98 , 104 , 120 .

See also Archivolts: first (center); Archivolts: third and fourth (center); Crucifixion; Iconography; Last Judgment; Passion; Tympanum: figure of Christ

Christian universe, 1 , 120 . See also Archivolts: third and fourth (center); Cosmos; Iconography

Clipeus (mandorla), 62 . See also Archivolts: third and fourth (center)

Cloister, 7 . See also Benoît, Antoine; Montfaucon, Bernard de; Statue-columns

Clothaire II (king of the Franks, d. ca. 629), 7 , 152 n. 32

Coiffures, 12th-c., 28 , 36 , 49 , 57 , 61 , 68 , 84 , 87 , 88 -89, 100

Colonnettes. See Jambs: colonnettes

Columns, 79 , 104 ; of 19th c., 94 , 173 -74n. 24. See also Abaci; Bases; Blois, Le Sieur; Capitals; Statue-columns

Consecrations, 3 , 150 n. 7. See also Dedications

Consoles. See Socles

Cosmos: concepts of, 5 ;

schemata of, 62 -63, 120 , 168 -70nn. 2, 6.

See also Archivolts: third and fourth (center); Christian universe

Couvres-joints,20 , 76 -77

Cremona, 178 n. 5

Crosby, Sumner McKnight, xi -xii, 149 n. 4, 153 n. 43, 156 n. 21, 157 -58nn. 22, 25, 26, 159 n. 29, 165 n. 16, 167 n. 25, 170 n. 9, 173 n. 20, 174 n. 30, 174 (Chapter 7) n. 1;

excavations of, 6 , 150 n. 11, 151 nn. 24, 25, 27, 152 nn. 28, 30;

on historical background, 151 nn. 20, 22, 152 nn. 33, 34, 36, 154 n. 51, 156 n. 17, 157 -58n. 25, 159 n. 29

Crosses:

of Agnus Dei, 61 ;

Croix-formée,57 , 61 , 62 , 169 n. 5;

Great Cross of Suger, 167 n. 25;

of St. Eloi, 167 -68n. 28;

True Cross, relic of, 50 , 167 n. 28;

of tympanum, 29 , 50 , 164 n. 5.

See also Crucifixion

Crucifixion, 104 , 120 , 162 -63n. 4, 165 -66nn. 17, 20, 169 n. 6. See also Iconography; Passion; Tympanum: figure of Christ; Tympanum: middle zone, Virgin Mary

Crypt, 4 , 9 , 10 , 161 n. 38, 171 n. 10

D.

Dagobert I (king of the Franks, r. 629-638), 3 , 6 , 150 n. 7

Damned, 57 , 168 -69nn. 1, 2. See also Archivolts: first (right)

David (Old Testament king), 104 , 175 -76n. 9

De arca Noe mystica,168 -70nn. 2, 6

De operatione Dei,168 -70nn. 2, 6

De templo Salomonis,175 n. 7

De Trinitate,162 n. 4

Debret, François (architect-in-chief, 1813-1846), 11 -12, 14 , 16 , 94 , 152 -53n. 39, 155 (Chapter 1) n. 57, 155 (Chapter 2) n. 2, 159 n. 27, 161 n. 38, 173 -74n. 24 (Fig. 5)

Dedications, 3 , 4 . See also Consecrations

Deisis, 43 , 166 nn. 19, 20

Denis, St.:

Gallo-Roman mausoleum or martyrium of, 6 , 151 n. 25;

grave of, 6 ;

legend of, 5 -6, 7 ;

martyrdom of, 5 -6;

miracles of, 152 n. 33;

trumeau figure of, 7 , 93

Diagrams, 16 -17, 159 n. 28 (Plates IIb-XIb). See also Archaeological examinations

Didron aîné, 11 -12, 41 -42, 64 -65, 122 , 155 n. 6, 156 nn. 12, 13

Dionysian characteristics, 83 , 85 , 95 -96, 100 -101, 109 , 114 , 118 , 119 , 121 ;

in architecture, 177 n. 1;

balance, 88 , 176 -77nn. 13, 14;

definition of, 118 ;

didactical compositions, 2 , 54 , 69 -70, 71 , 120 .

See also Gothic style; Unity

Dionysius, Sanctus. See Denis, St.

Dionysius the Areopagite, 5 , 150 -51n. 19, 162 -63n. 4

Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite (6th-c. theologian), 5 , 150 -51n. 19, 162 -64n. 4

Disputatio, 40 -41, 165 n. 16. See also Tympanum: middle zone, Apostles

Doors:

of central portal, 4 , 80 , 93 , 157 -58nn. 25, 26, 170 n. 3;

of western portals, 9 , 154 n. 50.

See also Archivolts: first (left); Gate to Paradise; Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins; Tympanum: lintel zone; Tympanum: middle zone

Doublet, Dom F. Jacques, 152 n. 36, 157 -58n. 25

Dove, with two angels. See Archivolts: third and fourth (center)

Dowels, 18 , 22 , 34 -35, 50 . See also Restorations: materials and techniques of; Tympanum: lintel zone; Tympanum: lunette

Drapery conventions, 1 -2, 47 -49, 72 , 73 , 83 -84, 86 , 101 -102, 104 -109, 119 , 176 n. 12. See also Gothic style: at Saint-Denis; Languedocian folds; Master of the Apostles; Master of the Elders/patriarchs; Master of the Tympanum Angels; Romanesque art

E

Ecclesiastical Hierarchy,150 -51n. 19

Elders of the Apocalypse, 60 -61, 98 , 100 , 120 , 174 n. 3, 175 -76n. 9. See also Archivolts: second, third, and fourth (left and right)

Eleutherius (legendary companion of St. Denis), 6

Embrasures. See Abaci; Bases; Capitals; Jambs; Masonry

Exodus, Book of, 103

Expulsion, 43 -44. See also Fall of man

F

Fall of man, 1 , 120 . See also Expulsion

Félibien, Michel, 152 n. 36

Ferrara, 178 n. 5

Foliate ornament. See Abaci; Capitals; Dionysian characteristics; Ornament; Palmettes; Socles

Foolish Virgins. See Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins

Footrests. See Socles

Freckenhorst, baptismal font of, 164 n. 9

French monarchy, 6 -7, 8 , 9 , 10 . See also Suger

French Revolution, 9 -10, 154 -55nn. 48, 51, 54

G

Galons, 55 , 105 (Fig. 17). See also Ornament: borders

Gate to Paradise, 45 , 57 , 85 , 87 -88 (Fig. 7). See also Archivolts: first (left); Heavenly City; Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins; Tympanum: lintel zone; Tympanum: middle zone

Gautier, Ferdinand-Albert (organist of Saint-Denis), 7 -8, 9 , 154 n. 44

Genesis, Book of, 44

Geneviève (patron saint of Paris, d. ca. 620), 6

Gerson, Paula Lieber, 63 , 150 -51n. 19, 153 -54nn. 41, 43, 156 -57n. 21, 157 -58nn. 25, 26, 159 n. 29, 162 -63n. 4, 164 n. 9, 166 n. 20, 169 n. 6, 170 n. 3

Gesso, 20 . See also Plaster of Paris

Gesture, 1 -2, 33 , 34 , 36 , 41 , 43 , 55 , 57 , 118 , 165 -66n. 17, 168 n. 1

Gislebertus (12th-c. sculptor of Autun), 157 n. 24

Golden Legend,162 -64n. 4

Goldscheider, Cécile, 156 n. 21

Goldschmidt, Adolph, 162 n. 3, 164 n. 9, 166 n. 19

Gothic style:

characteristics of, 1 -3, 31 ;

at Saint-Denis, 1 -3, 14 , 79 , 92 , 96 -97, 118 -21.

See also Anatomical verisimilitude; Central portal: design principles of; Dionysian characteristics;

Master of the Apostles; Master of the Elders/patriarchs; Master of the Tympanum Angels; Naturalism

Grodecki, Louis, 156 n. 19, 174 n. 1

Grotesques. See Monsters

Guilhermy, Ferdinand François, baron de, 8 -9, 11 -12, 16 , 29 -30, 41 -42, 63 -64, 66 , 86 , 88 , 153 n. 42, 155 n. 6, 159 n. 27, 161 nn. 36, 37, 170 n. 8, 171 -72n. 16, 174 n. 3

H

Heads: of restorations, 27 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 -37, 41 -42, 49 , 55 , 65 , 71 , 81 , 87 , 88 -89, 98 -100; 12th-c., 23 , 37 -40, 49 , 64 , 78 , 97 , 98 , 121 , 174 n. 2 (Figs. 13, 14, 30)

Heavenly City, 1 , 71 , 72 , 75 , 87 , 104 , 120 . See also Archivolts: first (left); Gate to Paradise; Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins

Hell. See Archivolts: first (right)

Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179), 169 -70n. 6

Hilduin (abbot of Saint-Denis, 814-841), 5

Horror vacui, 2 , 53 , 119

Hugh of Saint-Victor, 162 -64n. 4, 168 -69nn. 2, 6

Humanism, 2 , 118

I

Iconography:

of bronze doors, 158 n. 26, 170 n. 3;

of central portal, 17 , 40 -41, 54 , 60 -61, 70 -71, 88 -89, 98 , 100 , 101 , 102 -104, 120 , 159 n. 29, 162 -64n. 4, 164 -65n. 12, 165 -66n. 17, 167 n. 25, 168 -70nn. 1, 2, 6, 175 -76n. 9;

Early Christian, 40 -41, 165 n. 16;

of Gothic portals, 1 .

See also Symbolism

Ile-de-France, 1 , 2 , 12 , 14 , 170 -71 (Chapter 6) n. 2

Inhabited vine. See Abaci; Jambs: colonnettes; Ornament

Inscriptions, incised:

on facade, 4 , 7 ;

on lintel, 33 , 170 n. 3

Intercolonnettes, 172 n. 17, 173 -74nn. 24, 26

Italy:

influences from, 170 -71 (Chapter 6) n. 2, 178 n. 5;

Suger's travels to, 4

Ivory, 162 n. 3, 165 -66nn. 17, 19;

Last Judgment on, 164 n. 9

J

Jacobus de Voragine, 162 -64n. 4

Jambs, 8 -9, 19 , 20 , 76 -97 (Plates Xa-b, XIa-b, Figs. 6a-b). See also Bases; Capitals; Iconography; Lateral portals; Lintels; Masonry; Master of the Tympanum Angels; Plinths; Workshops, 12th-c.

—Atlantids, 78 , 81 , 83 -84, 89 , 93

—baldachins, 79 , 80 -81, 82 -83, 85 , 92 -93

—colonnettes, 19 , 90 -93, 171 -73nn. 16-21 (Fig. 27)

—foliate panels, 92 -93

—Wise and Foolish Virgins, 25 , 43 -44, 70 -71, 76 -90, 109 , 110 -11, 120 , 178 n. 5;

parable of, 43 -44, 70 -71, 85 , 89 (Plates IIIa-b, IVa-b, Xa-b, XIa-b, Figs. 25a-b, 26).

See also Gate to Paradise; Heavenly City; Master of the Tympanum Angels; Tympanum: lintel zone; Tympanum: lunette

Jewels:

precious gems, 5 ;

jeweled borders, 28 .

See also Anagogical principle; Crosses: croix-formée; Galons; Ornament: borders

John the Baptist, 166 n. 20

John the Evangelist. See Deisis

John, Gospel of, 162 n. 4

Joints. See Masonry; Mortar; Restorations: materials and techniques of

Josue, Book of, 104

Jubé,171 -72n. 16, 173 n. 19

Judging Christ. See Archivolts: first (center); Last Judgment

Justa (ceremonial vase), 111

K

Kings 3 , Book of, 104

L

Labors of the Months, 9 , 13 , 154 n. 46

Languedoc, 47 , 53 , 67 , 170 -71 (Chapter 6) n. 2, 178 n. 5. See also Toulouse

Languedocian folds, 47 , 53 , 67 , 119

Last Judgment, 43 ;

depictions of, 1 , 2 , 30 , 54 -55, 66 -67, 120 , 164 -65nn. 9, 12, 165 -66nn. 17, 20, 168 -69n. 2, 177 n. 2.

See also Archivolts: first (center)

Lateral portals, 8 -9, 90 , 154 n. 46, 157 -58n. 25, 169 n. 5, 170 n. 4, 171 n. 10;

jamb colonnettes of, 90 -93, 171 -73nn. 16-21, 174 n. 26, 178 n. 5.

See also Labors of the Months; Restorations; Signs of the Zodiac

Le Gentil de la Galaisière, Guillaume, 90 -92, 172 -73nn. 17, 18, 174 n. 26

Le Mans cathedral, 92

Lecoy de la Marche, Auguste, 149 -50n. 6, 162 -64n. 4

Legrand, Jacques-Guillaume, 14 , 155 n. 57 (Figs. 3, 4)

Lenoir, Alexandre, 9 -10, 153 n. 42

Liber Scivias,169 -70n. 6

Liber Vitae,168 n. 1

Limestones, 17 , 20 , 77 , 78 ;

petrographic analysis of, 160 n. 31;

thermo neutron analysis of, 158 n. 25, 160 n. 31

Lintels, 4 , 14 , 18 , 87 , 92 -93, 157 -58n. 25

Longinus, 27 , 162 n. 2

Lorraine, goldsmiths from, 121

Louis VI le Gros (king of France, r. 1108-1137), 3

Louis VII (king of France, r. 1137-1180), 3 , 111 , 176 n. 10

Luke, Gospel of, 70 -71

M.

Mâle, Emile, xi n, 178 n. 5

Mandorla. See Clipeus; Tympanum: figure of Christ

Manufactured stone. See Pierre factice

Martellange, Etienne, 14 , 93 , 157 -58n. 25 (Fig. 2)

Martyrium, 3rd-c. See Saint-Denis, Abbey of: Gallo-Roman martyrium

Masonry:

of archivolts, 58 , 104 , 112 , 113 , 115 ;

Gallo-Roman, 6 , 151 nn. 24, 25;

of jambs, 17 , 76 -78, 79 -80, 81 , 92 -93, 157 -58n. 25;

joints of, 18 , 19 , 21 , 57 -58, 76 -78, 92 -93, 94 , 115 , 157 -58n. 25 (Fig. 35);

mural, 10 , 17 , 94 -95, 159 -60n. 30.

See also Limestones; Tympanum

Master of the Apostles, 17 , 36 , 44 -47, 102 , 106 , 108 -109, 110 -11, 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 177 n. 16, 177 (Chapter 8) n. 3. See also Dionysian characteristics; Heads; Languedocian folds; Tympanum: middle zone

Master of the Elders/patriarchs, 17 , 37 , 102 , 104 -17, 119 , 176 n. 12. See also Archivolts: second, third, and fourth (left and right); Heads; Tympanum: figure of Christ

Master of the Tympanum Angels, 17 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 36 -37, 51 , 53 -54, 57 , 58 , 61 -62, 64 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 71 -73, 74 , 81 -88, 89 -90, 102 , 106 , 108 -109, 110 , 111 , 116 , 117 , 118 -20, 177 n. 16. See also Archivolts: first (center); Archivolts: second (center); Archivolts: third and fourth (center); Archivolts: first (left); Archivolts: first (right); Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins; Tympanum: lintel zone; Tympanum: lunette

Mastic, 13 , 23 , 76 -78, 84 , 88 , 161 n. 36; de Diehl (Dihl), 161 n. 38

Matthew, Gospel of, 29 -30, 43 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 70 -71, 85 , 89 , 104 , 162 -64n. 4, 164 n. 7, 168 -69n. 2

Miraculi sancti Dionysii,162 -64n. 4

Moissac, 3 , 93 , 103 , 174 n. 3, 178 n. 5

Monarchy, French, 6 -7, 8 , 9 , 10 . See also Suger: and French monarchy

Monsters, 69 , 83 , 86 , 90 -91, 171 n. 10, 174 n. 27. See also Archivolts: first (right); Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins

Montfaucon, Bernard de (1655-1741), 7 , 8 , 95 , 153 -54nn. 40, 43, 177 -78nn. 3, 5 (Fig. 1)

Moralia in Job,168 n. 2

Morrison, Kathryn A., 157 -58n. 25, 171 n. 6

Mortar, 13 , 18 -20, 22 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 51 , 55 , 58 , 66 , 71 , 74 , 79 , 82 , 87 , 94 , 102 , 106 , 112 , 161 n. 35. See also Restorations: materials and techniques of

Mosaics, 4 , 150 n. 15

Moses, 103 , 153 -54n. 43

Musical instruments, 98 , 104 , 105 , 110 , 111 , 114 -15, 175 -76nn. 9, 11, 13

Mystical Theology,5

N

Narthex, 4 . See also Saint-Denis, Abbey of: western bays of

Naturalism, 44 , 48 -49, 58 -59, 61 -62, 63 , 67 , 73 , 86 , 110 -12. See also Anatomical verisimilitude; Dionysian characteristics; Gothic style

Neoplatonism, 5

Niccolò (12th-c. Italian sculptor), 170 -71 (Chapter 6) n. 2, 178 n. 5

Nicodemus, Gospel of (apocryphal), 162 n. 2

Nimbus, cruciform, 57 , 61 , 62

North portal. See Lateral portals

Notre-Dame-de-Corbeil, 170 (Chapter 5) n. 1

O

Ornament, 33 , 84 , 90 , 94 -95, 170 n. 4;

borders, 28 , 41 , 45 -47, 48 , 88 , 102 , 105 (Figs. 15a-b, 16a-c);

foliate, 51 , 52 , 74 -75, 92 -93, 95 -97, 100 -101, 109 -10, 115 , 116 , 161 -62n. 41 (Figs. 27, 28, 29a-b, 33);

rinceaux, 19 , 79 -80, 85 , 97 ;

“surornementation” of, 92 , 173 n. 20.

See also Galons; Jambs: colonnettes; Palmettes; Plinths; Socles

Ostoia, Vera, 152 n. 38, 177 -78n. 3

P

Palmettes, 74 , 85 , 90 , 92 , 96 , 97 , 114 , 116 . See also Ornament; Socles

Panofsky, Erwin, 14 , 149 nn. 5, 6

Parables of Christ. See Archivolts: first (left); Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins

Paradise and the Blessed. See Archivolts: first (center); Archivolts: first (left)

Paris, Musée de Cluny, 90 -92, 171 -73nn. 16-19

Paris, Musée des Monuments français, 9 -10, 153 n. 42

Paris, Musée du Louvre, 170 (Chapter 5) n. 1, 171 -72n. 16;

Galerie d'Appollon, 176 n. 10;

heads from Saint-Denis in, 37 -40, 98 -100, 165 nn. 13, 15 (Figs. 13a-b, 14, 30a-c)

Passion, 62 -63, 167 n. 25;

relics of, 167 -68nn. 25, 26, 28;

symbols of, 49 -50.

See also Crucifixion; Tympanum: lunette

Patriarchs/Elders of the Apocalypse. See Archivolts: second, third, and fourth (left and right)

Paul, St., 162 -64n. 4

Pavement: 12th-c., 155 n. 56, 157 -58n. 25; 19th-c., 10 , 155 n. 55, 159 -60n. 30

Pepin the Short (king of the Franks, r. 751-768), 6 , 152 n. 30

Perin, Patrick, 151 n. 25

Persephone, 164 -65n. 12

Piacenza, duomo of, 81

Pieds (17th-c. measure of feet), 157 -58n. 25

Pierre factice (manufactured stone), 19 , 90 , 161 n. 37

Plaster of Paris, 20 , 76 , 78

Plinths, 94 , 159 -60nn. 30, 31 (Plate I, Fig. 28)

Pollutants, 13 , 23 , 25 , 64 , 77 , 156 n. 18

Pomegranate, 34 , 164 -65n. 12

Portails royaux. See Gothic style; Portals, Early Gothic; Saint-Denis, Abbey of: western portals of

Portals, Early Gothic, 1 -3, 12 , 14 , 92 , 97 , 178 n. 5. See also Gothic style; Romanesque art; Saint-Denis, Abbey of: western portals of

Porte des Valois, 165 n. 13, 174 n. 27

Porter, Arthur Kingsley, 178 n. 5

Prache, Anne, 149 n. 2

Proportions of figures, 27 , 36 , 37 , 40 , 48 , 54 , 60 , 73 , 86 , 104 -105, 107 , 112 , 113 , 116 -17, 118 -19, 120 , 176 -77n. 14

R

Regalia, royal, 9 , 152 n. 35; orb, 34

Relics of the Passion. See Crucifixion; Passion; Tympanum: lunette

Restorations:

of 1770-1771, 7 -9, 76 -81, 87 , 160 n. 32, 161 n. 39, 170 (Chapter 6) n. 1, 171 n. 6;

of early 19th c., 90 , 155 n. 55, 171 -72n. 16, 173 n. 19;

of 1837-1840, xi -xii, 11 -26, 27 -29, 77 -81, 159 n. 27;

in 20th c., 23 -25;

archaeological examination of, xi -xii, 13 -14, 25 ;

diagrams of, 16 , 159 n. 28 (Plates IIb-XIb, Fig. 25b);

materials and techniques of, 13 , 18 -23, 25 , 75 , 159 n. 28, 161 nn. 35-38.

See also Archivolts; Brun, Joseph-Sylvestre; Debret, François; Dowels; Jambs; Lintels; Mortar; Tympanum

Resurrected Dead. See Tympanum: lintel zone

Roman foot (equal to 29.5 cm.), 158 n. 25, 160 n. 31, 170 -71 (Chapter 6) n. 2. See also Jambs

Romanesque art, 1 -2, 44 -45, 51 , 53 , 54 , 79 , 83 , 96 -97, 118 -19, 120 , 121 ;

portals in, 1 -3.

See also Drapery conventions; Languedocian folds

Rudolph, Conrad, 63 , 159 n. 29, 162 -64n. 4, 168 -70nn. 1, 2, 6

Rusticus (legendary companion of St. Denis), 6

S

Saint Denis. See Denis, St.

Saint-Denis, Abbey of. See also Suger

—Carolingian basilica of, 3 , 6 , 152 n. 30

—central portal of. See Archaeological examinations; Archivolts; Jambs; Lintels; Pavement; Restorations; Tympanum

—chapel of 475 A.D ., 6 , 150 n. 7, 151 nn. 24, 27

—choir of, 4 , 149 n. 1, 150 n. 11, 174 n. 1, 177 n. 1

—crypt of, 4 , 9 , 161 n. 38

—excavations in, 6 , 150 nn. 7, 11. See also Crosby, Sumner McKnight: excavations of

—Gallo-Roman martyrium,6 , 151 n. 25

—history of, 1 -10

—Merovingian basilica of (begun ca. 620), 3 , 150 n. 7, 152 n. 28

—13th-c. campaigns at, 150 n. 11

—12th-c. nave of, 150 n. 11

—west facade of:

cleaning of, 156 n. 19;

dedication of, 4 (Figs. 2, 3).

See also Lateral portals; Lintels; Pavement; Restorations; Suger

—western bays of, 4 , 10 , 96 -97, 171 n. 10, 177 n. 1

—western portals of:

artists of, 2 , 4 , 17 , 118 -21;

described as Romanesque, 149 n. 2;

innovations in, 1 -3, 4 ;

proportions of, 10 ;

regional influences upon, 121 , 157 n. 24, 170 -71 (Chapter 6) n. 2, 178 nn. 5, 6;

sculptural programs of, xi n, 1 -2, 11 ;

12th-c. sill level of, 155 n. 55, 157 -58n. 25.

See also Dionysian characteristics; Doors; Drapery conventions; Lintels; Master of the Apostles; Master of the Elders/patriarchs; Master of the Tympanum Angels; Pavement; Restorations; Statue-columns; Workshops, 12th-c.

Saint Denis, faubourg of, 5 , 9 , 13 , 156 n. 18

Saint Denis, Musée Municipal de la ville de, 90 -92

Saint-Sever, Apocalypse of, 169 -70n. 6

Samuel 2 , Book of, 104

Santiago de Compostella, 178 n. 5

Sarcophagi, 151 nn. 24, 25. See also Tympanum: lintel zone

Sauerländer, Willibald, 121 , 157 n. 24, 177 -78nn. 3, 5

Scamozzi, vincenzo (1552-1616), 14 , 158 nn. 25, 26

Signs of the Zodiac, 8 -9, 90 , 154 n. 46, 161 -62n. 41, 172 n. 16

Sills. See Doors: of central portal; Morrison, Kathryn A., Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène Emanuel

Signum Christi,60 , 62 -63, 168 -70nn. 2, 6, 7

Socles, 74 -75, 85 , 94 -95, 101 -102, 109 -10, 114 (Figs. 1, 31-33)

Solomon, Temple of, 104

South portal. See Lateral portals

Spatial relationships, 2 , 47 -48, 51 , 54 , 79 , 80 , 82 -83, 84 -85, 86 -87, 89 , 101 , 111 -12, 118 -19, 176 n. 12

Statue-columns, 1 , 4 , 7 -8, 93 , 94 , 95 , 152 -53nn. 38, 39, 41, 157 n. 24;

heads of, 153 -54n. 43, 173 -74nn. 23, 24, 177 -78nn. 3, 5

Stoddard, Whitney A., xi n, 94 , 157 n. 24, 159 -60n. 30, 171 -73nn. 16-19, 21 , 174 n. 26, 177 -78n. 3

Style, discussions of, 1 -2, 116 -22, 149 n. 2, 157 n. 24, 178 n. 5. See also Dionysian characteristics; Drapery conventions; Gothic style; Languedocian folds; Master of the Apostles; Master of the Elders/patriarchs; Master of the Tympanum Angels; Romanesque art

Suger (abbot of Saint-Denis, 1121-1151):

as administrator, 3 , 149 -50nn. 5, 6, 151 n. 21;

anagogical method of, 4 -5;

biography of, 149 -50n. 6, 162 -64n. 4;

education of, 3 ; and French monarchy, 6 , 111 , 164 -65n. 12;

inscriptions of, 4 , 5 , 7 , 33 , 92 -93;

patronage of, 1 , 3 -4, 6 , 42 , 119 , 121 , 122 , 162 -64n. 4, 170 -71 (Chapter 6) n. 2;

representations of, 32 -33;

travels of, 4 ;

writings of, 3 , 4 , 5 , 149 n. 6, 162 -64n. 4, 167 -68n. 28, 176 n. 10

Symbolism:

classical, 34 , 164 -65n. 12, 165 -66n. 17;

of Gothic cathedrals, 1 .

See also Iconography

T

Tombs, 3 , 7 , 9 , 152 nn. 29, 33, 34. See also Sarcophagi

Toulouse, 121 , 157 n. 24;

La Daurade, 173 n. 21;

Saint-Etienne, 173 n. 21, 178 n. 5.

See also Languedoc

Tree of Jesse, 61 , 98 , 100 -101, 120 . See also Archivolts: second, third, and fourth (left and right); Iconography; Workshops, 12th-c.

Trinity. See Archivolts: third and fourth (center)

Trumeau (central portal), 7 , 93

Tympanum, 17 -18, 19 , 21 -22, 25 , 27 -54, 116 , 161 n. 33 (Plates I, IIa-d, IIIa-b, IVa-b, Figs. 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15a-b, 16a-c)

—figure of Christ, 25 , 27 -31, 36 -37, 50 , 53 -54, 98 , 116 -17, 118 , 177 n. 16 (Plate IIa-b);

throne of, 29 , 162 n. 3, 168 n. 1.

See also Christ: Second Coming of; Iconography; Master of the Elders/patriarchs; Restorations

—lintel zone:

Resurrected Dead, 19 , 22 , 31 -37, 69 , 71 , 72 -73, 90 , 92 , 118 , 164 -65nn. 10-12;

fifth Wise Virgin (no. 5) and fifth Foolish Virgin (no. 10), 43 , 70 -71, 87 (Plates IIIa-b, IVa-b, Figs. 8, 10, 11).

See also Archivolts: first (left); Archivolts: first (right); Inscriptions, incised; Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins; Master of the Tympanum Angels; Restorations; Tympanum: middle zone

—lunette:

tympanum angels, 24 -25, 49 -54, 59 , 64 , 72 , 85 , 88 , 167 nn. 25, 27 (Plate IIa-d).

See also Archivolts: first (center); Archivolts: first (left); Archivolts: first (right); Archivolts: second (center); Archivolts: third and fourth (center); Dionysian characteristics; Drapery conventions; Iconography; Jambs; Master of the Tympanum Angels; Passion: relics of; Restorations; Tympanum: lintel zone

—middle zone:

angel with flaming sword, 43 -44, 45 , 51 , 120 , 167 n. 24;

angel with trumpet, 43 , 45 , 51 , 120 , 167 n. 24;

Apostles, 21 -22, 24 , 25 , 30 , 37 -49, 51 , 105 , 110 , 118 , 120 -21;

artist responsible for, 36 ;

heads of, 37 -40, 165 nn. 13-15, 166 n. 22, 167 n. 24, 174 n. 2;

in disputatione,40 , 165 n. 16;

Virgin Mary, 41 -42, 48 , 165 -66nn. 17, 20 (Plates IIIa-b, IVa-b, Figs. 9, 12, 14, 15a-b, 16a-c).

See also Dionysian characteristics; Drapery conventions; Iconography; Master of the Apostles; Restorations

Tympanum angels. See Tympanum: lunette

U

Unity:

Gothic concept of, 2 , 119 ;

of portal program, 2 , 54 , 90 , 94 , 96 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 170 n. 3.

See also Gothic style; Iconography

V

Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène Emanuel (1814-1879), 12 , 155 n. 55, 156 nn. 14, 17, 157 -58n. 25, 161 n. 40

Virgin Mary. See Tympanum: middle zone

Vöge, Wilhelm, 178 n. 5

Von Borries, Johann Eckart:

on iconography, 41 , 161 n. 40, 165 -66n. 17, 167 n. 27, 168 n. 1, 169 n. 4;

on restorations, 44 , 156 n. 21, 160 n. 31, 164 nn. 10, 11, 166 n. 22, 169 -70n. 6, 170 (Chapter 5) nn. 1, 2, 171 n. 13, 172 n. 17, 173 n. 22, 175 n. 5

Voussoirs. See Archivolts; Mortar; Masonry: of archivolts; Workshops, 12th-c.

Vulgate (Douay edition), 164 n. 7

W.

Willelmus (monk of Saint-Denis, biographer of Suger), 162 -64n. 4

Wise and Foolish Virgins. See Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins

Workshops, 12th-c., 3 , 4 , 17 , 36 -37, 79 -80, 97 , 115 -16, 121 , 160 n. 30, 170 -71 (Chapter 6)n. 2, 175 n. 6, 177 n. 15, 178 n. 6 (Fig. 35). See also Jambs: Wise and Foolish Virgins; Masonry

Z

Zinn, Grover, 63 , 150 -51n. 19, 159 n. 29, 162 -64n. 4, 168 -69n. 2