The Mystique of Dreams "d0e3630"

― 139 ―

Index

A

Adepts: defined, 27 ;

dreams of, 56 .

See also Shamans

Aggression: compared in Freud's and Jung's dreams, 108 -9;

in dream content, 104 , 106 ;

among the Senoi, 17 -18, 19

Agriculture, Senoi, 6 , 13 , 15 -16;

crops in, 16

Ainus of Japan, 37 , 40

Allen, Tom, viii -ix, 68

American beliefs on human nature, 5 ;

appeal of Senoi dream theory based on, 11 , 75 -78

American Indians, 42 ;

and the appeal of Senoi dream theory, 71 -72;

ghost dances of, 51

Anderson, Walter T., ix

Anger, denial of, 22

Anthropological studies of the Senoi in the 1960s and 1970s, 11 , 14 -34

Anti-Western attitudes, 71 -72

Appeal of Senoi dream theory, 65 -78;

in American beliefs on human nature, 75 -78;

in anti-Western critiques, 71 -72;

in the human potential movement, 66 , 67 , 70 , 74 , 76 ;

in the 1960s and 1970s, ix , 10 , 11 , 78 , 96

Ashby, W. Ross, Design for a Brain,97

Association for the Psychological Study of Sleep, 86

B

Bailey, Pearce, 47

Barlow, M. C., 46

Benjamin, Geoffrey, vii ;

and continuity in Senoi culture, 32 , 33 ;

on Senoi dream theory, 22 , 23 , 29 , 31 ;

Senoi people studied by, 15 , 49

Blowpipes, 16 , 18

Boss, Medard, on dream interpretation, 111 , 112

Botel Tobago island, K. Stewart's studies in, viii , 43 , 46

Brain: and the functions of dreams, 3 ; wave patterns of, 99 -100

British-Malaysian war with the Chinese communists, 17 , 31 -32

Brod, Max, 107

Bronowski, Jacob, 72

C

Capitalism, K. Stewart's criticism of, 52 , 53

Carey, Iskander, on political influences on Senoi culture, 31 -32

Cartwright, Rosalind Dymond, dream control experiments by, 88 -89

Castenada, Carlos, 72 , 91

Children: dream recall by, 103 ;

experimental dream control education of, 95 ;

experimental dream sharing by, 80 -81;

studies on the dream content of, 105

Children, Senoi: dream control education of, 8 , 9 , 60 ;

dream discussions by, 8 ;

evidence against dream control education of, 28 -29, 33 ;

falling dreams of, 24 , 60 ;

mortality incidence

― 140 ―

Children, Senoi (continued )

among, 19 ;

pleasurable dreams of, 57 ;

upbringing of, 20 -21, 28 -29

"Chinchem" ceremonial dance, 50 -51

Chinese communist guerrilla war, 17 , 31 -32

Clifford, James T., ix , 76 -77

Complex , 6 , 58

Consciousness expansion, 67 -68

Coué, Emile, 76

Creativity: dreams as a source of, 3 -4, 9 ;

and experimental dream control, 91 ;

and experimental dream sharing, 80 -81

Crimes of passion, 18 .

See also Violence among the Senoi

Culture of the Senoi, 13 -34;

childrearing practices in, 20 -21, 28 -29;

minimal change in, 31 -33, 35 ;

political influences on, 31 -32;

role of dreams in, 23 -29;

supernatural entities in, 20 -21, 26 -27, 32 -33

D

Dance, Senoi, 45 ;

and the introduction of new ceremonial dances, 50 -51;

by medicine men, 33

Death dreams, 26

Dentan, Robert K., vii , viii , ix , 74 ;

on the absence of dream control instruction, 28 -29;

on adepts, 27 ;

on the denial of anger, 22 ;

on the fear of strangers, 20 ;

on mental illness among the Senoi, 19 ;

on the mental perspective of the Senoi, 17 ;

on Senoi dream theory, 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 28 -29;

Senoi people studied by, 15 , 49 ;

on violence among the Senoi, 18 ;

on virility symbols, 16

Diamond, Edwin, The Science of Dreams , 100 -101

Dream content, 104 -10;

in children's dreams, 9 , 24 , 60 , 105 ;

compared in Freud's and Jung's dreams, 108 -9;

gender differences in, 104 -5, 106 -7;

repetitiveness of, 105 -6;

role of personality in, 107 -10;

in Senoi dreams, 8 -9, 24 -26, 57 , 60 .

See also Dream control

Dream control: appeal of the concept of, 66 ;

assessment of, 79 , 83 -95;

for behavioral change, 8 -9, 87 -88;

education of children for, 8 , 9 , 28 -29, 33 , 60 , 95 ;

experimental studies on, 84 -95;

future research on, 93 -95;

and hypnosis, 84 -85 (see also Hypnosis);

in K. Stewart's interpretation of Senoi dream theory, 6 , 8 -9, 56 , 60 , 90 , 93 ;

and lucid dreaming, 89 -90;

and permissive suggestions, 85 -86;

principles of, 9 ;

social context of, 92 -93, 93 -94

Dream Network Bulletin , 74

Dream research by K. Stewart: collection techniques in, 57 -58;

genesis of, 42 ;

hypnosis used in, 43 , 46

Dream sharing: assessment of, 79 , 80 -83;

in K. Stewart's Senoi dream theory, 8 -9;

to induce social harmony, 8 -9, 66 , 80 -82, 83

Dreams: gender influences on, 104 -5, 106 -7;

K. Stewart's contributions toward the understanding of, 97 , 116 -17;

meaning of, 110 -13;

mystery of, 114 -17;

reasons for, 97 -98, 103 , 114 ;

recall of, 98 -103, 115 ;

time periods of, 98 -102;

types in Senoi culture, 24 -29

Dreams, meaning of, 110 -13;

conflicting theories on, 112 -13;

Freudian analysis of, 110 ;

Fritz

― 141 ―

Perls's analysis of, 111 -12;

Jungian interpretation of, 110 -11

Dreamwork: defined, 6 ;

social movement based on, 4

Drugs, 66 , 67

E

"Emergency" period, effect on Senoi culture, 31 -32

Emotional control, Senoi value of, 21 -22

Emotional maturity of the Senoi, 7 -8

Esalen Institute, ix , 11 ;

consciousness expansion studied at, 67 -68;

Senoi dream theory studied at, 67 , 69 -71

Evans-Pritchard, Edward, 77

"Evil spirits," 21 ;

role in Senoi spiritual healing, 33

F

Falling dreams, Senoi attitudes toward, 24 , 60 , 61

Faraday, Ann: on the absence of Senoi dream control education, 33 ;

The Dream Game , 6 , 73 ;

Dream Power , 6 , 73 ;

personal use of dream control by, 86 ;

on Senoi dream theory, 73 ;

Senoi people studied by, 7

Firth, Raymond, viii , 56

Fix, Alan, 19

Flagg, Clara Stewart (née Marcus), vii , 56 ;

effect on K. Stewart's life, 55

Flying dreams: and dream control studies, 91 ;

Senoi attitudes toward, 60 -61

Fodor, Nandor, 112

Formosa, headhunters in, 37 , 40

Foulkes, David, dream control studies by, 91 -92

Franklin, Benjamin, 76

French, Thomas, 112

Freud, Sigmund, 36 ;

attitudes toward women, 109 ;

compared with Otto Rank, 47 ;

dreams of compared with Jung's dreams, 108 -9;

dream theory of, 3 , 83 , 97 , 98 , 110 ;

Interpretation of Dreams , 3 , 108

Fromm, Erich, 112

Fromm, Erika, 112

Fuller, Buckminster, 72

G

Gardner, John, 68

Garfield, Patricia, 18 , 22 , 30 ;

Creative Dreaming , 7 , 73 ;

experimental dream control studies by, 91 ;

personal use of dream control by, 86 -87;

on Senoi dream control, 9 ;

on Senoi dream theory, 73 -74;

on Senoi dream utilization, 8 ;

Senoi research by, 7 , 73 -74

Garma, Angel, 112

Gender: division of labor based on, 16 ;

influences on dream content, 104 -5, 106 -7;

ratio of, 19

Ghiloni, Beth W., ix

Gombak, aborigine hospital in, 19

Goodman, Paul, 58

Grasby, Nancy, viii , 39 , 43

Greenleaf, Eric, 81 ;

on social attitudes toward dreams, 82 -83

Griffin, M. L., dream control studies by, 91 -92

Groups: dream control experiments by, 90 -91;

dream sharing by, 81 -83;

in K. Stewart's Senoi dream theory, 8 -9;

and the social context of dream control, 92 -93, 94

Group solidarity, promoted by village councils, 29 -30

Gunik : role in Senoi dream theory, 26 -28;

in spiritual healing, 33

Gunther, Bernard, 68

― 142 ―

Hala , defined, 33 .

See also Medicine men

Hall, Calvin, x , 3 , 79 , 94 ;

on dream content, 104 , 106 ;

dream theory of, 113 ;

Franz Kafka's dreams analyzed by, 107 ;

on K. Stewart's Senoi dream theory, 65 -66;

The Meaning of Dreams , 6

Hand images, 91

Happiness of the Senoi, 6 , 7 -8, 10

Hawaii, K. Stewart in, 39 , 40

Healing ceremonies, Senoi, 23 , 24 ;

described, 33 .

See also Singing ceremonies

Hiew, Chok, 85

Hospitals, psychiatric patients in, 19 -20

Hostility in dreams, and dream control, 8 -9

Houses of the Senoi, 15

Hsu, Francis L. K., viii , ix

Human potential movement, 4 , 11 ;

role of Senoi dream theory in, 66 , 67 , 70 , 74 , 76

Hypnosis: in dream control experiments, 84 -85;

used by K. Stewart, 43 , 45 , 46 , 55 , 57

I

Illness among the Senoi: evidence for, 18 -19;

reputed absence of, 6 , 7 -8;

spiritual healing of, 27 , 32 -33.

See also Mental illness

Incest dreams, 25

Infant sleep, 99

Internment of the Senoi, 31

J

Jones, Ernest, on Freud's attitudes toward women, 109

Jones, Richard, 80 -81, 83

"Journey of a Psychologist," by K. Stewart, 39

Jung, Carl: dreams of compared with Freud's dreams, 108 -9;

dream theory of, 4 , 110 -11;

Memories, Dreams, Reflections , 108 ;

severance with Freud, 109 -10

Jungian Dreamwork Institute. See Jungian-Senoi Institute

Jungian-Senoi Institute, 6 ;

name changed to Jungian Dreamwork Institute, 74

K

Kafka, Franz, dreams of, 107

Kamiya, Joe, viii , x , 70 , 73

Kimmel, Michael, ix

Kinship, Senoi, 32

Kracke, Waud, ix

Kubie, Lawrence, 80

L

LaBarre, Weston, on the origins of religion, 51

Langer, Suzanne, 80

Language of the Senoi, 14 -15

Language skills, and dreaming, 103

Latner, Joel, 90 -91

Leach, Edmund R., viii , ix ;

on K. Stewart's use of hypnosis, 43

Leonard, George, ix ;

Education and Ecstasy , 69 -70, 75

London School of Economics, K. Stewart at, 35 , 50 , 55

Lucid dreaming, 89 -90

M

Malaysia, 6 ;

aboriginal population in, 13 -14;

Senoi people in, 6 , 13

Malaysians, 14

Manson, Margaret Nyswander, viii , 55

Mara ': defined, 26 ;

in Senoi dream theory, 26 -27

Marcus, Clara. See Flagg, Clara Stewart

Margolin, Cynthia R., ix

Marriage, Senoi, 17 ;

and the incidence of violence, 18 ,

and sex dreams, 25

Maslow, Abraham, 69 , 128n 5

Maupin, Edward, ix , 68

Mead, Margaret, 77

― 143 ―

Media publicity on dreams, 100

Medicine men, 45 ;

hypnosis of, 46 ;

role in spiritual healing, 33 .

See also Shamans

Memory of dreams. See Recall of dreams

Mental health of the Senoi: correlated with dream control and use, 6 , 7 -8;

evidence against, 19 -20

Mental illness: evidence for, 19 -20;

reported absence of, 6 , 7

Mental telepathy, 2 , 3

Mental testing by K. Stewart, 40 , 42 ;

and Stewart's attitudes toward racial differences, 51 -52, 53

Mormon religion of K. Stewart, 37 -38, 52

Morning dream clinics: evidence against, 28 , 30 , 74 ;

in K. Stewart's Senoi dream theory, 8

Murphy, Michael, ix , 70

Music, 27 , 28

N

Nadel, S. F., 56

Native Americans, 4 ;

and the appeal of Senoi dream theory, 71 -72.

See also American Indians

Negritos of the Philippines, 37 , 40 , 46 ;

compared by K. Stewart with the Senoi, 56 , 58 ;

and K. Stewart's attitudes on racial differences, 51 -52

New Left, 78

New mystique of dreams, 3 -12

Nightmares, control of, 87 , 95

Noone, H. D. ("Pat"), 23 , 27 , 53 -54, 56 ;

on the causes of Senoi violence, 18 ;

and continuity in Senoi culture, 32 -33;

marriage of, 16 , 18 ;

on the material culture of the Senoi, 15 ;

murder of, 18 , 54 ;

on the naming of Senoi children, 19 ;

on Senoi ceremonial dance, 50 -51;

on Senoi dream theory, 50 -51, 54 ;

studies of the Senoi with K. Stewart, 44 -46, 49 , 74 ;

on Temiar spiritual healing, 32 -33

Noone, Richard, 17 ;

book on H. D. Noone by, 54

Nyswander, Dorothy, viii , 39 , 46 ;

on the credibility of K. Stewart, 41 ;

on the role of Clara Marcus in K. Stewart's life, 55 ;

on stowaway travels by K. Stewart, 40

O

Olson, Patricia A., viii

P

Pakistanis, 14

Paris, K. Stewart in, 46 -48, 54

Parsons, Claudia, viii ;

K. Stewart described by, 36 -38, 41 ;

on K. Stewart's Senoi studies, 49 -50;

memorabilia of K. Stewart retrieved by, 54 ;

Vagabondage , 26

Peale, Norman Vincent, 76

Peking, K. Stewart in, 48 , 58

Perls, Frederick (Fritz), 64 , 68 , 73 , 128n 5;

on dream utilization by groups, 4 ;

on the interpretation of dreams, 111 -12

Personality: in dream content, 107 -10;

in dream recall, 98

Philippine Magazine , 52 -53

Philippines, K. Stewart's tribal studies in, 37 , 40 , 46 , 51 -52, 56 , 58

Piypuuy, in Senoi dream types, 24

Pleasurable dreams, Senoi, 57 , 61 -62

Porteus, S. D., 39 , 44 ;

Primitive Intelligence and Environment , 40

Prediction in dreams, 1 ;

Senoi attitudes toward, 24

Psyche, Senoi concept of, 23 .

See also Soul

Psychology, dream research in, 100 , 115 -16

― 144 ―

Psychology Today , 6 , 88 -89

R

Racial differences, K. Stewart's attitudes toward, 51 -52

Rank, Otto: influence on K. Stewart, 46 -48

Rapid Eye Movements. SeeREM sleep periods

Recall of dreams, 98 -103, 115 ;

by children, 103 ;

from non-REM periods, 101

Religion: hypothesis of K. Stewart on, 45 -46;

of K. Stewart, 37 -38, 52

Religion, Senoi, 17 ;

role in childrearing practices, 20 -21;

supernatural entities in, 20 -21, 26 -27, 32 -33

REM sleep periods, 4 -5, 99 -103;

compared with non-REM periods, 101 , 102 ;

deprivation of, 101 , 102 ;

media publicity on, 100

Robarchek, Clayton, vii , ix ;

and continuity in Senoi culture, 32 -33;

on Senoi dream theory, 22 , 25 -26, 26 -27, 29 ;

on Senoi emotional control, 21 , 22 ;

on the Senoi fear of strangers, 20 ;

Senoi people studied by, 15 , 19 ;

on Senoi spiritual entities, 26 -27;

on Senoi village councils, 30

Rockefeller Institute, 59

Roheim, Geza, 34

Roszak, Theodore, 7 ;

on Senoi dream theory, 72 -73;

Where the Wasteland Ends , 72

Royal Anthropological Institute, 50 -51;

K. Stewart's association with, 59

Ruwaay soul, 29 ;

defined, 23 ;

effects of, 26

S

Sabini, Meredith, 90 -91

"Saki," 14

Satir, Virginia, 68

Schizophrenia, 19 -20

Scientific research on dreams, 4 -5, 99 -104;

disadvantages of, 115 ;

on dream content, 104 -6;

future of, 93 -95, 116 -17;

and the "new biology of dreaming," 4 -5;

on REM and non-REM sleep periods, 99 -103

Self-improvement, 76

Semai people, vii ;

compared with the Temiar, 14 -15;

on the nature of the psyche, 23 ;

relations with the Temiar, 13 ;

village councils of, 29 -30

Semang, the, 13

Senoi dream theory, vii , viii ;

defined, 5 ;

H. D. Noone's approach to, 50 -51, 54 ;

human development as the goal of, 6 ;

interpreted by anthropologists ill the 1960s and 1970s, 22 -34;

sources on, vii -viii, 6 -8, 15 , 22

Senoi dream theory, K. Stewart's interpretation of: appeal of, 65 -78;

on the benefits of dream sharing and dream control, 6 -10;

efficacy of, 11 , 79 -95;

emergence in the United States, 65 -72;

at the Esalen Institute, 67 , 69 -71;

evidence against, 22 -34, 35 , 74 ;

expressed in his Ph.D. dissertation, 56 -58, 62 , 63 ;

future research on, 93 -95, 116 -17;

importance of the social context in, 93 ;

misunderstandings in, 96 , 116 ;

mystification of, 71 -74;

underlying motivations in, 63 -64, 77 -78

Senoi , meaning of, 13

Senoi people, vii , 13 -23;

agriculture of, 6 , 13 , 15 -16;

childbirth of, 19 ;

fear of outsiders, 20 ;

groups of, 13 (see also Semai; Temiar);

happiness and health of, 6 , 7 -8, 10 , 18 -20;

hunting techniques of, 16 ;

language of, 14 -15;

material culture of, 15 ;

violence

― 145 ―

among, 6 , 7 , 17 -22.

See also Culture of the Senoi

Sensitivity groups, 82

Settlements of the Senoi, 15 , 31

Sex dreams, Senoi, 24 -25;

interpreted by K. Stewart, 61 -62

Sexual behavior, Senoi, 17 ;

and the causes of violence, 18

Shamans, 2 , 27 ;

dreams of, 51 , 56 ;

and K. Stewart's initial interest in dreams, 42 .

See also Medicine men

Singing ceremonies, 30 ;

role in spiritual healing, 33 ;

use of, 23 , 27

Skinner, B. F., 69 ;

compared with K. Stewart, 75 ;

Walden Two , 69 , 75

Slaves: Senoi people sold as, 14 ;

and violence among the Senoi, 17

Sleep: American attitudes toward, 72 ;

REM periods of, 99 -103;

scientific research on, 4 -5, 99 -104

Snakes, 25 , 86

Social criticism by K. Stewart, 52 -53, 63 -64

Social harmony: and experimental dream sharing, 80 -82, 83 ;

in K. Stewart's Senoi dream theory, 8 -9, 66 ;

promoted at village councils, 29 -30

Sociology of ideas, ix , x , 5 ;

and the appeal of Senoi dream theory, 65 , 71 -72

Soul: belief in, 1 , 34 ;

dreams as the nighttime adventures of, 98 ;

in Senoi dream theory, 23 , 24 -25, 26 , 28 , 29

Soviet Union, K. Stewart's attitudes toward, 52

Spirits in Scnoi culture, 20 -21, 26 -27, 32 -33

Spiritual healing, 4 ;

in the Senoi culture, 27 , 32 -33

Steward, Julian H., 42 , 46

Stewart, Kilton R., 35 -64;

army career of, 55 ;

articles by, 6 -7, 52 -53, 58 , 63 , 67 ;

autobiography by, 39 , 40 -41, 43 , 63 ;

birth of, 35 ;

on capitalism, 52 , 53 ;

characteristics of, 36 , 38 ;

credentials of, 59 ;

credibility of, 41 -42, 62 -63;

death of, 36 ;

described by Patricia Garfield, 74 ;

dissertation of, 50 , 56 -58, 62 , 63 ;

education of, 35 , 50 , 55 ;

employment of, 39 , 40 , 47 , 48 , 54 -55;

hypnosis used by, 43 , 45 , 46 , 55 , 57 ;

influence of Rankian psychoanalysis on, 46 -48, 52 , 54 ;

marriage of, 55 ;

motivations of, 63 -64; 77 -78;

psychotherapy practiced by, 36 , 47 , 48 , 54 -55;

on racial differences, 51 -52, 53 ;

religion of, 37 -38, 52 ;

Senoi people studied by, 6 , 37 , 43 -46, 49 -50, 59 ;

as a social critic, 52 -53, 63 -64;

sources for the biography of, viii , 11 ;

tribal groups studied by, 37 , 40 , 46 , 51 -52, 56 , 57 , 64 ;

writing style of, 9 -10, 40 -41.

See also Senoi dream theory, K. Stewart's interpretation of

Stewart, Omer C., viii , 55 ;

correspondence with K. Stewart, 48 , 52 ;

on the genesis of K. Stewart's dream research, 42 ;

on K. Stewart's flair for storytelling, 41 ;

on stowaway travels by K. Stewart, 39 -40

Storytelling talents of K. Stewart, 41 -42

T

Tart, Charles, viii , ix ;

Altered States of Consciousness , 7 , 70 -71, 73 ;

on dream control, 83 -84, 87 , 95 ;

on lucid dreaming, 89 , 90 ;

role in the introduction of Senoi dream theory into the United States, 67 , 70 -71

― 146 ―

Temiar: ceremonial dances and culture contact of, 50 -51;

compared with the Semai, 14 -15;

on "dream souls," 23 ;

infant mortality among, 19 ;

material culture of, 15 ;

relations with the Semai, 13 ;

religion of, 45 ;

settlements of, 31 ;

village councils of, 29 -30;

and violence among the Senoi, 17

Terlaid , concept of, 21

"Thunder" spirit, 20 -21

"Tiger-familiar," 33 .

U

United States: emergence of the Senoi dream theory in, 65 -72;

new mystique of dreams in, 3 -5

Utopian functions of Senoi dream theory, 9 -10, 75

V

Van de Castle, Robert, ix , 94 ;

on dream content influenced by gender, 104 -5

Van Eeden, Frederick, in lucid dreaming, 89

Vietnam War, 71

Village councils, 56 ;

conflict resolution by, 29 -30;

dream discussions by, 8 ;

evidence against dream discussions by, 30

Violence among the Senoi: commentary on the absence of, 6 , 7 ;

and emotional control, 22 ;

evidence for, 17 -21

Virility symbols, 16

W

War: and the appeal of Senoi dream theory, 71 ;

effect on Senoi culture, 31 ;

and violence among the Senoi, 17

Werlin, Elena Goldstein, on dream sharing, 80 -81, 83

Williams-Hunt, P. D. R., 16 -17;

on Senoi morning activities, 28

Wires, John, 42

Wish-fulfillment dreams, 3 ;

Senoi attitudes toward, 24 , 28

Women, American, dream content of, 104 -5

Women, Senoi, 27 ;

death during childbirth, 19 ;

social functions of, 16

World War II , 32 ;

influence on K. Stewart's career, 54 , 55

Wren-Lewis, John, 74 ;

on the absence of dream control, 33

Wright, Deborah, ix

Y

Yami tribal group, 43 ;

compared by K. Stewart with the Senoi, 56 , 57 ;

and K. Stewart's social attitudes, 52 -53

Z

Zilbergeld, Bernie, 82