NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION AND SPELLING OF NON-ENGLISH WORDS
The non-English vocabulary in this study draws on Tamil, Sanskrit, Urdu, and Anglo-Indian sources. Many terms used in written documents vary in their original transcription. In cases where a word occurs in a Tamil document or was spoken by a Tamil informant, I severely modify the translit-eration system of the Madras University Lexicon, stripping terms of diacritical marks that would be useful only for Tamil scholars. In addition, plural forms of these terms, when used in the text rather than mentioned in a quotation from Tamil, are formed by adding the English morpheme's (e.g., panams rather than panankal ). In cases where a word occurs in governmental or other documents from the colonial period, I adopt its most frequent Anglo-Indian spelling. In cases where a word occurs in both contexts, I generally follow the Anglo-Indian conventions, especially with regard to proper names. For variant transcriptions of the terms and for diacritical marks providing a precise indication of non-English orthography or phonology, see the glossary.
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Map 1.
British India, 1900
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Map 2.
Tamil Districts of the Madras Presidency, 1900
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Early nineteenth-century Nakarattar sites of trade in Chola country (Ramanathan Chettiar, 1953) | 1. | Avudaiyapuram | 2. | Kalugumalai (Kalugapullikadu) | 3. | Kangeyanpattana (Kangeyampatti) | 4. | Karampaikkudi (Karambarkoil) | 5. | Kutalam | 6. | Manchakkolai * | 7. | Mannarkovil (Mannarkudi) | 8. | Nagapattinam | 9. | Nagoor | 10. | Pillaiyarpatti | 11. | Poruivaitaceri or Puravaceri | 12. | Sikkal | 13. | Sirkali | 14. | Tirutturaippundi | 15. | Tirumullaivasal | 16. | Velippalayam (Vellapallam) |
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Early nineteenth-century Nakarattar sites of trade in Pandya country (Ramanathan Chettiar, 1953) | 17. | Aruppukkottai | 18. | Dindigul | 19. | Elayiramapannai | 20. | Kottampatti | 21. | Madavilagam * | 22. | Madurai | 23. | Mannarkottai | 24. | Natham | 25. | Sankaralingapuram | 26. | Sankaranayanarkovil | 27. | Sattur | 28. | Sennampatti | 29. | Chinnakkarampatti | 30. | Srivilliputtur | 31. | Thavalaikulam | 32. | Tirumangalam | 33. | Tirunelveli | 34. | Tulukkapatti | 35. | Uthamapalayam | 36. | Virudhunagar |
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Other major cities in Madras | 37. | Coimbatore | 38. | Dhanuskodi | 39. | Madras | 40. | Palani | 41. | Piranmalai | 42. | Pudukottai | 43. | Rameswaram | 44. | Sivaganga | 45. | Tanjavur | 46. | Tiruchirapalli | 47. | Tuticorin | *Could not be located—not shown on map. |
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Map 3.
Clan temples and vattakais of Chettinad
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Nakarattar Clan Temples in Chettinad | A. | Ilayathakudi Temple | B. | Mattur Temple | C. | Vairavan Temple | D. | Iraniyur Temple | E. | Pillaiyarpatti Temple | F. | Neman Temple | G. | lluppaikudi Temple | H. | Soraikudi Temple | I. | Velankudi Temple |
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Map 4.
Villages of Chettinad. (Somevillages are not shown. Vattakais are shown on Map 2.)
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Villages by Vattakai and Pirivu (Vattakai Divisions) Pathinattur Vattakai | 1. | Alagapuri | 2. | Amaravathiputhur | 3. | A. Muthupattanam* | 4. | Ariyakkudi | 5. | Athankudi | 6. | Chokkalingamputtur | 7. | Jeyankontapuram * | 8. | Kallal | 9. | Kallappatti | 10. | Kanadukathan | 11. | Kandanur | 12. | Karaikudi | 13. | K. Lakshmipuram* | 14. | Kothamangalam | 15. | Kottaiyur | 16. | Managari | 17. | Nemuthupatti | 18. | Palavankudi | 19. | Pallattur | 20. | Puduvayal | 21. | U. Siruvayal |
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Melappattur | 22. | Goppanapatti | 23. | Guruvikkondanpadi | 24. | Kulipirai | 25. | Melasivapuri * | 26. | Mithivaippatti | 27. | Nachanthupatti | 28. | Panaiyappatti | 29. | Ponnamaravatti | 30. | Puthuppatti | 31. | Rangiyam | 32. | Ulakanpafti | 33. | Valaiyapadi * | 34. | Vekuppatti | 35. | Venthanpatti | 36. | Varaiyachilai | 37. | V. Lakshmipuram |
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Mela Vattakai | 38. | Athekkur | 39. | Avinippatti | 40. | Kandavarayanpatti | 41. | Kilasivalpatti | 42. | Mahipalanpatti | 43. | Nachiyapuram | 44. | Nerkuppai | 45. | Pariyamirthappatti * | 46. | Pillaiyarpatti | 47. | Puvankurichi | 48. | Sevur | 49. | Siravayal | 50. | Sirukutarpatti | 51. | Viramatti |
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Kila Vattakai | 52. | Devakottai | 53. | Shanmuganathapuram | 54. | Dhanishavurani * |
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Terku Vattakai | 55. | Alavakkottai * | 56. | Chokkalingapuram | 57. | Chokkanathapuram * | 58. | Cholapuram | 59. | Kalaiyarmangalam | 60. | Kandaramanickam | 61. | Karunkulam * | 62. | Kilappungudi | 63. | Nadarajapuram | 64. | N. Alagapuri * | 65. | Nattarasankottai | 66. | Okkur | 67. | Panangudi * | 68. | Paganeri | 69. | Sembanur | 70. | Vetriyur |
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Kilappattur | 71. | Arimalam | 72. | Rayavaram | 73. | Ramachandrapuram | 74. | Thenippatti * |
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Nindakarai Pirivu | 75. | Konapattu | *Could not be located—not shown on map. |
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