Acknowledgments

This book has taken shape slowly over many years, in part because I am primarily a scholar of medieval literature; I am therefore all the more indebted to many people. Several of the chapters were presented in preliminary form at scholarly meetings, and the organizers of and participants in those conferences contributed to my work. The initial part of chapter 2 was included in "Joyce and His Contemporaries: A Centenary Tribute," a conference held at Hofstra University in October 1982; this paper was later published in James Joyce Quarterly as "Symbolic Structures in Ulysses from Early Irish Literature" and reprinted in the proceedings of the conference. The principal argument of chapter 4 was presented at the 1983 meetings of the New England Committee for Irish Studies at the University of Connecticut at Storrs and subsequently published in James Joyce Quarterly as "Sovereignty Structures in Ulysses." Portions of chapter 3 were presented to the annual meetings of the American Conference for Irish Studies at Boston College in 1986, as well as given as addresses at Saint Olaf College, Carleton College, and the University of Minnesota in 1984. A section of chapter 6 was delivered at the annual meetings of the Celtic Studies Association of North America at the University of Cincinnati and the annual meetings of the American Conference for Irish Studies in Dublin in 1987; it was published in the Irish University Review as "Molly's Gibraltar and the Morphology of the Irish Otherworld." Sections of chapter 7 have been published as "'The Broken Lights of Irish Myth': Joyce's Knowledge of Early Irish Literature" in James Joyce Quarterly. Previously published material is here reprinted by permission of James Joyce Quarterly and the Irish University Review.

To John V. Kelleher and the late Vivian Mercier I am grateful for readings of the original argument standing at the heart of chapter 2. As my dissertation director, John Kelleher worked closely with me over a number of years and made useful suggestions on my early work on Joyce, sharing generously the conclusions of his own extensive thinking about the problems I was encountering. Vivian Mercier's consideration of my first article on Joyce was the closest reading I have ever had of any piece of my writing. His encouragement and suggestions were enormously helpful, and I regret his untimely death in 1989; the present book would no doubt have profited from his scrutiny and his wisdom.

Many other colleagues have contributed generously to this project, and I will no doubt omit people who deserve notice. I would like to single out Maureen Murphy for her encouragement; Adele Dalsimer for her clarity of perception about the implications of this work; Edgar Slotkin, John Raleigh, and Don Gifford for useful readings of the manuscript; and Chester Anderson for good-humored criticism and interest. Anthony Roche, Dominic Manganiello, and Leonard Orr each contributed specifics to my line of argument; Joyce Flynn, Phillip O'Leary, and Virginia Rohan shared their own closely related research; Janet Dunleavy was helpful with practical advice about publication; the late Brendan O Hehir indulged me in witty and serious discussion of Joyce; Harry Levin read several of the early segments and encouraged me to persist in the project; and Seán Ó Tuama kindly shared with me unpublished material on Joyce. With André Lefevere I have had a running conversation of several years' duration about a shared critical framework. The book would also have been impossible without the discussions in my graduate seminars at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst on topics related to the Anglo-Irish revival and its use of early Irish literary materials. In teaching others one inevitably learns, and the critical reception of my ideas by graduate students has led me to explore various paths and to hone my arguments. Here I would like to single out John Beagan for special notice.

The project would not have been possible without grant support. The research for chapters 7 and 8 was funded by Faculty Research Grants from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in 1988–89 and 1991–92, and I am grateful to Samuel Conti, who, as Vice Chancellor for Research, ensured that such grants were available; to Bruce McCandless for his counsel; and to Robert Bagg for his support in the process. The research was done primarily at the British Library, both the main facility

in Great Russell Street and the newspaper facility at Colindale. To the staff of those libraries I am indebted for their unfailing courtesy and assistance. In 1990 and 1992 I undertook work in Zurich at the Zentralbibliothek, again finding the library staff immensely helpful. I am indebted to Hermann Köstler, Director of the Library; to Jean-Pierre Bodmer, Director of the Manuscript Division; and to Reiner Diederichs and Michael Kotrba. Georg Bührer, Archivist of the Zentralbibliothek, shared his knowledge of the library's past most generously; his warmth and wit made working together a pleasure, and he saved me from many errors. Fritz Senn was, as ever, forthcoming with his own vast knowledge of Joyce, offering resources and hospitality during my trips to Zurich.

Michele Aldrich offered practical intervention when it was time to think about publishing this book, and Bettyann Kevles and Scott Mahler, both editors at the University of California Press, were instrumental in the early stages of working with the press. Edward Dimendberg, the Humanities Editor, was encouraging and patient during the final stages of the manuscript preparation. I am also indebted to Dan Gunter, whose thoughtful and careful copy editing improved the text in many ways, and to Douglas Abrams Arava and Marilyn Schwartz, who saw the manuscript through the production process.

It is with pleasure that I take this opportunity to acknowledge my gratitude to David R. Clark, for many years my senior colleague at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Over the years Dave has read my manuscripts, including drafts of several of the segments of this book. Dave has taught me a good deal about Anglo-Irish literature and has encouraged me to pursue scholarship in this area. His faith in my potential as a scholar carried me through many crises of my academic career, while his own graceful blending of excellent scholarship, intellectual curiosity, and a broader vision of life has made such a career seem worthwhile. In short, he has been my mentor and friend.

These acknowledgments would not be complete without thanks to my three children. During the early work my elder son, Dmitri Tymoczko, was also interested in James Joyce: we discussed Ulysses often, and he read my early papers on the topic. My daughter, Julianna Tymoczko, served as a valuable research assistant during the polishing phase, doing all manner of tedious things with good cheer and taking responsibility for the bibliography. My younger son, Alexei Tymoczko, kept me going with his humor and his loving concern, and he has taught me something

about being "laid-back." All of them were patient under neglect when I was in a work fit, and they encouraged me to persevere even when events of life conspired to put me in a stall. My children also kept my life rooted when my head was preoccupied with writing problems: their growth and their inquiring minds provided the best climate for good work.

Joseph Donohue contributed immeasurably to this book. As colleague he encouraged me throughout this project, modeling his own careful mode of research and writing. He was my companion during the research at the British Library, and we spent many happy hours together in row D under the beautiful blue dome. Joe also gave the manuscript a close reading, saving me from many errors. These collegial contributions, however, were only ancillary to his affection and wisdom, which sustained me during the period the book took shape.

Finally, I am grateful to my birth family, whose working-class and petit-bourgeois life enabled me to appreciate the world of Ulysses. My grandparents, aunts, uncles, and family friends provided analogues to Joyce's characters. My father, Robert Fleming, had an intellectual life positioned somewhere between those of Stephen and Bloom, modeling some of the ridiculous and sublime moments of both. My mother, Anne Fleming, had a notable vitality and directness; her own pleasure in being a sexual woman and her frankness about that pleasure prepared me to read and enjoy Molly's soliloquy. Grappling with Joyce's major work has been a time to integrate many parts of my life: a Cleveland working-class youth, ten years of Harvard education, two decades of teaching Irish Studies, a modernist sensibility, and a medievalist's training.