P

painting, 54 n16, 66 , 97 , 241 n100, 299 n52

papyri:

Ebers, 111 , 250 –51n126;

Leyden, 253 n132;

Petrie, 251 n126;

Rhind, 53 , 75 n95;

Edwin Smith, 55 , 63

paradigm, 107 , 277 ;

in Aristotle, 186 ;

in Plato, 183 .

See also models

paradox, 179 , 305 –6, 315

parallax, 307 –12

Parmenides, 59 –61, 92 n152, 93 n153, 179 –80, 191 n69, 271 n193

pathology, 14 –16, 116 –24, 130 , 147 , 162 , 205 , 324 , 327 –28

Paul of Aegina, 332 n152

perception, 150 –53, 230 n53, 241 , 244 n109, 271 –73, 296

Periander, 84

Pericles, 83 n117, 94 n153

periods, 254 n136, 257 –70, 280

perspective, 299 n52, 300

Petron, 15 n45

pharmacology, 228 n47, 250 –54, 331 n150. See also drugs

phenomena, saving the, 244 n109, 271 –72, 285 , 293 –319

Philinus, 158

Philistion, 15 n45, 132 n109

Philolaus, 15 n45, 132 n109

Philo of Byzantium, 227 –28

Philoponus, 194 , 223 –25, 229 n48, 303

phlegm, 14 , 26 –28, 28 –29n89, 95 n159, 99 , 117 nn. 35–36, 118 n43, 119 –20, 129 , 204 –5, 327

physicians, public, 103 n191, 104

physics, 8 –9, 88 , 101 , 136 , 140 –41, 143 , 147 , 150 –51, 154 –56, 168 –69n239, 170 , 191 –200, 210 , 214 –15, 240 –41n98, 247 , 279 n215, 285 –86, 291 –93, 299 , 304 n73, 312 –15

physiognomy, 29 n89

physiology, 15 , 28 –30n89, 95 , 116 –19, 122 –24, 130 , 134 , 147 , 159 , 204 –5, 247 , 254 –57, 324 –27

Pindar, 33 n99, 47 n161, 58 n30, 209 –210,

331 n148

Pittacus, 83 n117, 84 , 86 n127

planets, 45 , 139 , 145 n152, 207 –8, 225 n35, 236 –37, 289 , 293 , 304 –6, 314 , 332

plants, 151 –54, 190 n66, 324 n123

Plato, 5 , 8 –11, 21 , 46 –49, 54 , 65 n59, 83 n117, 89 n143, 91 –94, 97 , 103 –5, 107 , 132 , 135 –41, 149 n161, 154 n179, 181 –84, 187 –88, 192 –93, 209 –11, 214 n144, 227 nn.40, 42, 230 n53, 241 –44, 271 –73, 279 –80, 290 –94, 320 –22, 328 –29, 333

Pliny, 252 n129, 331

Plutarch, 331

pneuma, 162 , 190 n66, 213 n143

poetry, 21 , 54 n16, 58 , 83 , 86 , 89 –93, 99 n176, 175 –76, 183 –85, 209 –12, 214 , 330 n147

Polemarchus of Cyzicus, 304 n73, 305

politics, 30 n89, 53 –54, 78 –83, 84 n121, 93 n152, 98 , 122 –23, 276 n210

Polybus, 15 n45, 94 n156

Porphyry, 107 n206, 244 , 273 , 296 , 298

Posidonius, 76 n101, 232 –34, 273

potentiality/actuality, 195 n87, 199 , 228 n48, 299

Praxagoras, 282

prayer, 35 , 128 n87

precession, 237 , 239 n94, 331 n151, 335

prediction, 32 , 37 –44, 206 , 240 , 285 –86, 315

Proclus, 44 n149, 76 nn.98, 101, 170 n240, 295 n36, 322 n114, 329 n146

Prodicus, 48 n163, 89 n143, 92 –93n152, 96 n163

prognosis, 39 –41, 43 –46, 48

proof. See demonstration

prophecy, 21 , 34 , 40 –41, 43 n143, 48 –49, 334 –35. See also divination

proportions, 119 –20, 130 , 138 n126, 139 , 185 –86, 229 , 250 –56, 276 , 303 , 311

Protagoras, 91 –95, 113 n21, 230 n53

psychology, 22 , 25 , 28 –30n89, 181 . See also soul

Ptolemais of Cyrene, 296 n42

Ptolemy, 40 n125, 42 –44, 46 , 48 n161, 76 n101, 193 , 207 n131, 225 n35, 233 n65, 234 n68, 236 –41, 244 –47, 272 –74, 279 n217, 293 n23, 298 –300, 305 –8, 310 , 313 –19, 328 , 331 n151, 335

pulse, 42 n141, 106 n202, 282 –84

purge, 119 , 126 , 266

purifications, 22 n69, 27 –28, 52 n7, 84 n118, 89 , 128 , 334 n160

Pyrrho, 162

Pythagoras, 61 , 75 , 92 –93, 258 , 295 –96

Pythagoreans, 9 , 33 n99, 78 n106, 149 n161, 241 –44, 258 , 260 , 270 n191, 275 –78, 289 , 291 n18, 295 –97, 304 n73, 309 n84