T

Tahara Soichiro, 5 , 7 ;

on erosion of bureaucratic power, 208 -209

Taisei Yokusankai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association), 33

Taisho era, 28 ;

role of Diet during, 15

Taishoku kansho (encouraging retirement), 232

Takahashi Hideki, 28

Takeshita Noboru, 213 ;

proposal for administrative reform by, 63 -64

Tanaka Kakuei, role of, in curbing bureaucratic power, 215

Tashiro Ku, 91 , 138

Tate shakai (vertical society), 27 , 28 , 31

Technical officials. See Gikan

Technical specialists. See Gikan

Temporary National Personnel Commission, 50 , 51 , 53 , 72

Thayer, Nathaniel B., 3 , 216

Todai, 13 , 69 , 86 , 106 , 139 , 143 , 184 , 244 , 253 , 259 ;

abolition of exemption for students and graduates of, 13 -14;

as training school for higher civil servants, 18 ;

dominance of graduates in both examination and hiring stages of higher civil servants, 94 ;

faculty of economics, 107 ;

faculty of engineering, 69 ;

faculty of general education, 106 , 162 ;

faculty of literature, 107 ;

graduates of, hired by the Finance Ministry, 92 ;

hogakubu (see Faculty of law); performance of graduates in higher-level foreign-service examination, 112 -113;

performance of graduates in the judicial examination, 98 ;

proportion of graduates among successful candidates in higher civil-service examination specializing in law, 96 :

proportion of professors among administrative examiners in prewar period, 21 ;

social background of students, 21 , 167 -169;

success rates of graduates in higher civil-service examination, 90 ;

technical officials who were graduates of, in prewar Japan, 27 ;

values of students, 168 -170.

See also Tokyo Imperial University; Tokyo, University of

Todai, faculty of law, 91 , 107 , 152 , 173 , 186 ;

career paths taken by graduates of, 160 ;

comparison of performance in, with performance in higher civil-service examination, 78 ;

history of, 161 -162;

Humanities Group 1 (bunka ichirui ), 162 , 167 ;

occupation of graduates of, 99 ;

Science Group 3 (rika sanrui ), 162 ;

socialization in, 159 -170;

status of, within Todai, 23

Todaibatsu (University of Tokyo clique), 139

Tohoku University, 24 , 86 , 88 , 106 , 143

Toko kantei (ascendancy of party and

Toko kantei (continued )

decline of bureaucracy), 212

Toko seitei (ascendancy of party and decline of politics), 212

Tokubetsu shoku (special government service), 45

Tokugawa period, 11

Tokyo, University of. See Todai

Tokyo Bunri Daigaku, 143

Tokyo College of Commerce, 112 , 113 .

See also Hitotsubashi University

Tokyo College of Industry, 113

Tokyo Higher Court, 225

Tokyo Imperial University, 86 , 258 ;

as training school for government officials, 31 ;

domination of prewar Japanese bureaucracy by graduates of, 19 -21;

exemption of graduates of, from higher civil-service examinations, 13 , 18 ;

performance of graduates of, in prewar higher civil-service examinations, 15 -16.

See also Todai

Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Kogyo Daigaku), 86 , 88 , 92

Tokyo Kaisei School, 161

Tokyo Medical School, 161

Tokyo Metropolitan University, 90

Tokyo Stock Exchange, 240

Tokyo University of Foreign Languages, 13 , 112

Toshiba Electric Company, 181

Toyota Motor Company, 181

Track system in Japan, compared to Great Britain and France, 118

Training abroad: long-term overseas-training program, 183 -184;

role of foreign institutions in, 183 ;

self-arranged, 184 ;

and short-term over-seas-research program, 184

Training programs: effectiveness of, 187 -188;

number and variety of, for civil servants, 62

Transport, Ministry of, 134 , 144 , 223 -224

Triangular pattern of life, 166 , 186

Tsuji Kiyoaki, 4 , 5 , on effectiveness of training programs for civil servants, 187 -188;

on dominant position of bureaucracy, 204 -205;

on ringisei , 195 -196

Tsukuba University, 183