INDEX

A

Ability (neng ), 47 , 49 , 52 , 58 , 63 , 65 , 230 , 274 , 275 ; 276 -77, 381 , 389

Accusation letters (jiancha xin ), 338

Activists, 300 ;

unified purchase, 53

Administrative relations, 330

Administrative structure, simplification of, 58

Advisory Commission, 150 , 258 , 275 , 279 , 285

Agricultural Work Department, 355

An Ziwen, 55

Anhui, 178 , 223 , 281 ;

provincial Party school of, 126

Anna Karenina (Tolstoy), 173

Anshan Steel Mill Corporation, 54 , 156 , 294

Anti-Japanese war, 23 , 388 ;

mass organizations of, 44

Antirightist campaign, 57 -62, 65 , 187 , 331 , 352 , 394

Assistance (xiezhu ), 354

Attackers, vicious (yadu gongji ), 177

Autobiography (zizhuan ), 334

Aviation Ministry, 257

B

Ba Jin, 166

Back door, entering through, 136

Baily, Thomas, 288

Beian district, 39

Beijing, 55 , 129 , 178 , 210 , 296 ;

Military Region of, 110

Beijing Transformer Factory, 128

Beijing University, 179 , 415

Big and complete, and small and complete (da er quan, xiao er quan ), 8 , 199 , 206

Black materials, 344

Bo Yibo, 157 , 165 , 286 , 321

Bourgeois:

academic authorities of, 80 , 92 ;

experts of, 405 ;

parties, 14

Bourgeoisie, size of national, 190

Bureaucracy:

size of, 271

Bureaucratic reforms, 219 , 254 ;

beneficiaries of, 284 ;

losers in, 283 -84;

strategy of, 272 -84

Bureaucratic technocrats, 4 , 270 , 284 -89, 388 -408;

selection process of, 280 -81

Business units, 72

C

Cabinets, formation of, 371 , 373

Cadre (ganbu ) corps, 271 ;

age of, 218 -11;

from anti-Japanese war, 237 ;

from civil war, 237 ;

conflict between Party members and nonmembers in, 59 ;

defined, 3 ;

dependency on the party-state by, 68 -69;

different groups of, 499-52;

educational level of, 50 , 221 -27;

elite conflict over, 77 -78;

from the exploiting class, 41 ;

functional (yewu ganbu ), 222 ;

high-ranking, 222 ;

jack of all trades, 283 , 307 ;

from liberation war, 238 ;

native, 50 ;

nonparty, 59 ;

peasants working as (yi nong dai gan ), 345 ;

poor peasant, 32 , 391 ;

poorly educated (gong nong bing ), 50 ;

promotion to, 332 ;

provincial, 207 ;

rehabilitated, 400 ;

relationship of to state, 2 ;

revolutionary, 284 -86, 288 -89, 343 , 388 -92, 403 ;

size of, 206 -11;

southbound, 48 ;

technical, 300 ;

third echelon of, 252 , 261 , 263 , 274 ;

"38-style," 27 , 32 ;

training of, 66 -68;

worker peasant, 307 .

See also Recruitment

Cadre list (nomenklatura ), 352 , 354 -59

Cadre Registration, 332

Cadre reform:

beneficiaries of, 284

Cai Suli, 148

Campaign against Confucius and Lin Biao, 135 -38, 151

Campaign against rightist reversal trends, 140 -41

Campaign of opposing America and aiding Korea, 55

Campaign to cultivate new cadres, 137

Campaign to purify class ranks, 91

Capitalists, 71 ;

number of, 186

Central comission Guiding Party Consolidation, 313

Central Committee:

Eighth, twelfth plenum of, 97 ;

Eleventh, 148 , 170 ;

Eleventh, third plenum of, 156 -57, 175 , 186 ;

Ninth, 97 , 99 , 103 , 346 ;

Ninth, second plenum of, 110 ;

Tenth, 115 -21, 148 , 149 ;

Thirteenth, 266 , 270 ;

Twelfth, 149 , 274 , 258 ;

Twelfth, fifth plenum of, 176 ;

Twelfth, fourth plenum of, 265 ;

Twelfth; sixth plenum of, 320

Central Party school, 170

Central-north China (huabei ), 53

Central-South Institute, 361

Chairman of the State, 107 , 110

Chemical Engineering Ministry, 314

Chen Boda, 101 , 110

Chert Duxiu, 18 ;

rightist opportunism of, 20

Chen Yi, 83 , 131 , 165 ;

children of, 249 , 251

Chen Yonggui, 141

Chen Yurt, 32 , 130 , 147 , 168 , 219 , 283 , 286 , 304 , 322 , 411 , 423 ;

on rehabilitation, 257

Chen Zaidao, 131

Chenbao island, 107

Chengdu Military Region, 250

Chi Heng, 142

Chiang Kai-shek, 20 , 124

Children of high-ranking cadres, 165 , 251 , 284

Chinese Writers' Association, 355

Civil service system, 350 , 419 , 374 -84;

functional (yewu ), 375 ;

political (zhengwu ), 375

Civil war, 35 , 388

Class, background (jieji chengfen ), 13 , 20 , 24 , 34 , 42 , 47 , 49 , 80 , 388 ;

composition of, 30 ;

concept of, 121 ;

ending class struggle, 184 -192;

enemies, size of, 186 -187;

of hired laborers and poor peasants, 43 ;

situation of, 395 ;

status, 185 , 229 ;

struggle, 64 ;

of Zhang Chunqiao, 121 -24

Clean history, 36

Coal Ministry, 321

College graduates, 221 -22, 302 ;

as of 1950, 49

Comintern, 23 , 25 ;

of Third International, 14

Communist Youth League, 189 , 218 , 284 , 329 , 426

Competency, 65 , 276

Complicated social relations, 229

Concrete Measures for Implementing the Decision to Remove All the Hats of the Rightists, 187

Confession, 341

Confidential transportation, 338

Confucian tradition, 24 , 318

Conservatives, 79 -80, 91 , 251 , 371 -72

Contract and temporary workers, 124

Cooperativization, 53 , 303

Corporations, 257 , 271

Corruption, 322 -23, 372

Counter-revolutionaries, suppression of, 55

Courts, people's, 178

Cultural Ministry, 179

Cultural Revolution, 78 , 87 , 163 ;

beneficiaries of, 94 , 120 , 145 , 248 , 400 ;

promotion of rebels of, 127 -29;

CR, purges during, 78 -85;

rebels of, 115 , 124 , 126 ;

support for the left, 250

Cultural Revolution Small Group, 93 ,

D

Daqing Oil, 294

December 9 group, 27

Decision-making, collective, 203

Decision of the Central Committee of the CCP on Party Consolidation, 313

Democratic centralism, 194 , 205 , 392

Democratic Front of China, 421

Democratization, 412 , 422

Deng Liqun, 411 , 418

Deng Xiaoping, 42 , 58 , 83 , 87 , 94 , 115 , 125 , 129 , 134 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 150 , 156 , 164 , 167 , 168 , 179 , 185 , 187 , 192 , 211 , 219 , 228 , 245 , 254 , 265 , 266 , 273 , 319 , 364 , 400 , 401 , 410 , 412 , 419 , 420 , 423 ;

attacked, 141 ;

on bureaucratism, 193 ;

campaign against, 157 ;

children of, 249 , 251 ;

on class, 185 ;

on college graduates, 231 ;

on the early stage of the CR, 164 ;

on existing cadres, 233 ;

on the Gang of Four's followers, 154 ;

letter to Hua from, 147 ;

letter to Mao from, 131 ;

on Mao's help, 131 ;

rehabilitation of, 145 , 159 , 169 ;

role in the anti-rightist campaign played by, 60 ;

Selected Works , 314 ;

on specialized knowledge, 229

Department by department and level and level (fen bu and fen ji ) management, 353

Ding Ling, 169

Dingbei county, 34

Dingti (hiring the child of a retiring cadre in the same unit), 241 -42, 284

Director responsibility system (shouzhang fuzezhi ), 282

Disadvantaged social groups, 45 , 70

Disciplinary committee, 158 , 188

Dittmer, Lowell, 106

Djilas, Milovan, 122

Dong Biwu, 141

Double blow movement, 151

Double jeopardy, principle of, 342

Dual power structure, 29

E

Eastern European countries, 1 , 286 , 289 , 391 , 408

Economic reform, 409

Electronic Industry Ministry, 257

Elite, 4 ;

conflict within, 1 , 78 , 165 , 287 , 387 ;

determinants of, 4 ;

status of, 352 ;

transformation of, 1

Europe. See Eastern European Countries; Western European bureaucracies Experts and specialists, 64

F

Faction:

earthquake, 154 ;

remaining, 154 ;

of wanderers (xiaoyao pai ), 91 ;

of wind, 154

Family background (jiating chusheng ), 333

Family members, key, 334

"February Adversary Current," 131 , 157

Fengong guanli (division of work and management), 371

Feudal fascism, 169

Fifth Amendment, 341

Field army affiliation, 82 -83

First, big and second, public (yi da er gong ), 324

First enter and then exit method, 233 , 273

Five Antis (wufan ), 50 , 55 , 331

Five-year-plan, first, 54 , 56 , 353

571 (wu chi yi ) program, 103 , 111

Fleron, Frederick, 288

"Form for Reporting Cadre Appointment and Dismissal," 358

Four cardinal principles, 231 , 319

Four modernizations, 193 , 228 , 306 , 317

Fours Olds, 249

Four-category elements, 183 , 189

Fourth Field Army, 83 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 107

Friendship Store of Shenzhen, 361

Functional categories (xi tong ), 353

Functional leadership (yewu lingdao ), 359

Fuxing She, 344

Fuzhou, 172 ,

railway bureau of, 128

G

Gang of Four, 88 , 94 , 95 , 107 , 109 , 113 , 119 , 163 , 173 , 175 , 189 , 229 , 230 , 245 , 278 , 284 , 344 , 400 ;

cadre policy of, 121 -34;

on class struggle, 186 ;

communication channel of, 246 ;

criticism of Hua by, 141 ;

factional system of, 113 ;

followers of, 52 , 117 ;

ideology of, 121 ;

labeling of, 151 -52;

political errors of, 145 ;

political strategy of, 134 ;

power base of, 117 -21;

purge of followers of, 150 -56;

weakness of, 120 -21

Gansu, 362

Gentry-scholar-officials, 407

Gouldner, Alvin, 289

Gramsci, Antonio, 425

Great Leap Forward, 63 , 146 , 303 , 391 , 399

Guangdong, 111 , 302 , 336 , 343 ;

Military Region of, 178 ;

Pijing district of, 178 ;

Shunde county of, 127

Guangming Ribao , 137

Guangzhou Conference, 64

Guidance input, 425

Guizhou, 62 , 260 , 296 , 308

Guo Yufeng, 152 , 170

H

Harbin, 244

Harding, Harry, 5 , 49 , 58

He Long:

children of, 165 , 249 , 251 ;

wife of, 27

Hebei, Zhunhua county of, 299

Heilongjiang, 37 , 40 , 45 , 62 , 302

Helicopter promotion, 125 , 155

Henan, 128

Historical problems, 229 ,

complicated, 50

History, clean, 36

Ho Jingzhi, 418

Hofheinz, Roy, 43

Hong Qi, 142 , 220 , 233 , 321

Hu Feng, 55 ;

rehabilitation of, 176

Hu Qiaomu, 411

Hu Yaobang, 155 , 158 , 165 , 176 , 192 , 231 , 243 , 262 , 273 , 286 , 304 , 312 , 322 , 401 , 409 , 416 ;

role in rehabilitation, 171 -75

Hu Zhiwei, 169

Hua Guofeng, 94 , 120 , 141 , 145 , 152 , 156 , 158 , 219 ;

dilemma of, 145 ;

on rehabilitation, 146 -50

Huancheng, 189

Huang Gocheng, 158 , 176

Huang Yongsheng, 101 , 103 , 111

Hunan, 20 , 48 , 53 , 55 , 182 , 262

Hunan Report, 18

Hundred flowers campaign, 58 , 59 , 331 , 352 , 391

Huntington, Samuel, 272

I

Ideology:

dilemma of, 317 -326;

to guide the functional works (yewu zhidao si-xiang ), 320 -22;

and ideologues, 113 ;

official, 394 ;

teaching, 24 ;

unity of, 317

Impetus for change, 398 -402

Industrial branch, 23

Industrial workers, 20 , 21 , 22 , 318

Industry, peaceful transformation of, 54 , 71

Inner Mongolia, 143 , 210

Inspection teams, 22 , 174 , 273

Institute for the Reform of the Chinese Economic Structure, 380

Institutionalization, 7 , 84 , 203 , 387

Intellectuals, 13 , 14 , 20 , 21 , 27 , 31 , 34 , 49 , 54 , 59 , 61 , 72 , 96 , 285 , 294 , 307 -9;

bias against, 285 ;

class background of, 63 ;

discrimination against, 22 , 44 , 66 ;

expertise and knowledge of, 44 ;

Gang of Four policy toward, 294 ;

high-ranking, 270 , 309 ;

old and young, 51 ;

party members among, 294 -95;

policy toward in the early 1950s, 54 -55;

recruitment of into Party, 308 , 390 -91, 400 -402;

revolutionary, 140 ;

stinking ninth category of, 394

Investigation, organizational (kaocha ), 361

Iron rice bowl, 211

J

"January Power Seizure," 157

Jiang Hua, 178

Jiang Qing, 79 , 80 , 90 , 95 , 96 , 113 , 124 , 126 , 129 , 139 , 143 , 177 , 249 , 251 , 344 ;

career of, 344

Jiang Zemin, 406 , 407 , 412 , 415 , 416

Jiangsu, 270 , 300

Jiangxi, 24 , 25 , 131 ;

military compound of, 167 ;

Soviet of, 43

Jiangxu commune, 127

Jiangyan district of Wuhan municipality, 365

Jianmen Beverage Factory, 361

Jiatong University, 68

Jie Xuemao, 143

Jilin, 155

Jowitt, Kenneth, 426

K

Kang Keqing, 22

Kang Sheng, 81 -82, 120 , 141 , 148 , 157 ;

false charges against Liu Shaoqi by, 176

Kau, Ying-mao, 52 , 65

Keller, Suzanne, 4

Kleinman, Arthur, 164

KMT (Kuomintang), 50 , 52 , 180 , 296 , 344 ;

nationalists and, 34 , 35 ;

Youth Corps of, 306 , 331

Korea, movement to resist U.S. aggression and aid, 123

Kornai, Janos, 425

Kuaikuai , 194 , 359 , 366

L

Labor and Personnel Ministry, 238 , 358 , 377

Land Reform, 27 , 35 , 66 , 71 , 303 ;

of Jin-Cha-Ji, 26 ;

of Jingganshan, 25 ;

stage of, 37 ;

in Yanan, 26

Landlords and rich peasants, 26 , 123 ;

number of, 186 , 190

Layered organization, concept of, 44 -45

Lasswell, Harold, 14

Leadership changes, 254 -72;

in central party organs, 257 -58; 258 ;

in county, zhen , and xiang organs, 259 ;

in district and municipal organs, 259 ;

in enterprises, 260 -61;

monistic, 393 ;

in provincial organs, 258 -59;

on state council, 256 -57;

in Twelfth CC, 258

Leninist parties, 2 , 304 , 317 , 352 , 379

Li Jingquan, 115

Li Lisan, 21 , 23 , 154 , 176

Li Peng, 406 , 412 , 413 , 416 , 417

Li Ruihuan, 412 , 415 , 423

Li Weihan, 176

Li Xianian, 87 , 219

Li Zoupeng, 101 , 103 , 111

Liao Gailong, 74

Liaoning, 181 , 296 , 302

Liaoyuan, 365

Liberal Democratic Party, Japanese, 427

Life tenure system, 8 , 204 , 206 , 272 , 375 , 390 , 398

Lin Biao, 83 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 105 , 107 , 110 , 113 , 129 , 146 , 153 , 163 , 245 , 249 , 251 , 400 ;

followers of, 100 -111;

policy of, 135 ;

political influence in ninth CC, 99 -103;

political strategy of, 84 , 106 -12;

wife of, 27

Lin Jiaohu, 174

Lin Liguo, 102 , 12I, 103

Linz, Juan, 424

Liu Bing, 104 , 140

Liu Shaoqi, 21 , 27 , 41 , 63 , 74 , 77 , 87 , 97 , 109 , 165 , 346 , 399 ;

children of, 249 , 251 ;

rehabilitation of, 176

Lixiu , 172 , 182 , 219 , 228 , 234 -35;

age requirements for, 239 ;

benefit of, 239 -42;

expansion of eligibility of, 236 -39;

management of, 241 -43;

number of, 243 -45;

reluctance to retire, 243 -35;

side effects of, 242 -43

Localism, 50 ;

of Guangdong, 179

Long March, 25 , 35 , 43 , 402 ;

generation of, 219

Lu Bocheng, 141

Lu Dingyi, 68

Luo Ruiqing, 101 , 165

Lushan Conference, 110 , 146

M

Management, level-by-level (fenji ), 354 ;

unified, 353 , 357

Managers, 368 , 372 ;

career backgrounds of, 380 ;

responsibility system, 71

Managing according to ranks, and having each echelon responsible (fenji guanli, cengceng fuze ), 359

Manchuria, 37 , 43 ;

puppet government of, 86

Mao Mingfan, 176

Mao Zedan, 131

Mao Zedong, 23 , 28 , 44 , 63 , 95 , 108 , 109 , 111 ;

on black materials, 342 ;

on CCP's success, 25 ;

in Changsha, 139 ;

on class, 184 ;

on Deng Xiaoping, 131 , 142 ;

on ending the campaign against Confucius and Lin Biao, 138 ;

on the exploiting class, 394 ;

and five conditions for selecting cadres, 64 , 228 ;

instruction to Chu De, 28 ;

on intellectuals, 60 ;

on Lin Biao's escape, 112 ;

"My Opinion" of, 110 ;

personality cult of, 106 ;

on Politburo, 98 ;

and responsibility for the radicals' actions, 175

Mao Zedong Thought, 318 -19, 323

Maoist, leaders, 77 ;

system, 420 ;

ultraleftist tendency, 73 -74;

version of socialism, 388

Mao's Thought Workers Propaganda Team, 72 , 91

Martial law, 414

Marxism-Leninism, 318 , 323 , 427

Mass line, 45

Mass representation, 99 , 116 , 118 , 148

Materials:

black, 344 ;

unreliable, 183

Maximum state, 425

May Fourth generation, 14

May 16 group, 109 , 122

May Thirtieth Movement, 18

"Methods of Handling Cadre Dossiers," 346

Military Affairs Commission, 51 , 100 , 107 , 108 , 110

Military Control Commission, 91

Militia, 134

Mistakes, ordinary, 246

Mongolia, 112

Mosca, Gaetano, 6

Moscow, 13

Mudanjing province, 40

Must for Party Members, A , 314

N

Nationalist officials retained, 49 , 59

Nenjiang province, 40

Nepotism, 281 -82

Networks, personal, 70 , 245

New authoritarianism, 410 , 415

New order, beneficiaries of, 62

New stage, of Zhang Chunqiao, 122

Nomenklatura . See Cadre list

Northern expedition, 18

Notice Regarding the Opinion of Reshuffling the Provincial-Level Leading Groups, 273

"Notice Regarding the Revised Cadre Post List Under the Center's Authority," 359

O

Oksenberg, Michel, 50 , 65

Old Cadre Office, 242

Old good persons (lao hao ren ), 92

"On Exercising All-Around Dictatorship over the Bourgeois," 121

"On the Question of Science and Technological Work," 141

Opinion group, 88

"Opinion Regarding the Strengthening of the Work of Recruiting College Students," 305

Order no. 1 , 108 , 166

Organization department, 230 , 238 , 354 -57

Organization persons (zuzhi yuan ), 39

Organizational life, 378

"Outsiders [nonspecialists] lead insiders [specialists]," 391

Overseas Chinese, 191

P

Pareto, Vilfredo, 6

Party, separate from government, 353 -74;

in enterprises, 371 -74;

results in county government, 369 -70

Party building, open, 37 , 39 -40

Party Congress:

Eighth, 55 , 63 , 115 ;

First, 14 ;

Second, 15 ;

Seventh, 35 ;

Sixth, 21 , 269 ;

Third, 18 ;

Thirteenth, 375 ;

Twelfth, 312

Party Consolidation, Decision of the Central Committee of the CCP on, 313

Party Constitution, 53 , 347 ;

draft in 1971, 109 ;

revised, 150

Party core group (dangzu ), 291 , 356 , 369 , 377 , 394

"Party manages the cadres, The," 352

Party members:

age of, 299 -300;

distribution of, 291 -99;

education and class backgrounds of, 30 , 300 -312;

female, 291 ;

Gang of Four's recruitment of, 294 ;

new recruitment policy of, 304 -12;

newly recruited, 128 -29;

poor peasant, 42 ;

rural, 247 , 303 , 310 , 324 ;

registration of, 316 ;

and resistance to new policy, 306 ;

San kai, 94 .

See also Recruitment.

Party Membership, Application For, 333

Party rebuilding, 128

Party rules and regulations, 347

Party secretaries, 372 ;

career backgrounds of, 380 ;

characteristics of, 266

Party-state, 169 , 352 ;

and penetration into society, 71 -73;

structure of, 69 -70, 194 -206, 392 -98

Peasants, rich and middle, 25 , 30 , 42

Peng Dehuai, 83 , 106 , 157 , 165

Peng Zhen, 23 , 165 , 167 , 286

People's Congress, 367 , 358 ;

fifth, 232 ;

standing committee of, 237

People's Liberation Army. See PLA

People's Livelihood Party (Minshengdang), 306

Performance records:

fifty days vs. seventeen years, 80

Personality, pioneer-type, 279 -80

Personnel dossier system, 180 , 183 , 188 , 250 , 389 ;

CR's impact on, 342 -46;

contents of, 332 -35;

function of, 300 ;

investigation and assessment of, 338 -42;

maintenance of, 335 -38;

reforms of, 346 -51;

shortcomings of, 341 -42

Personnel management (renshi guanli ), 329 , 389 ;

authority of, 352 , 370 ;

centralized, 353 ;

decentralized, 357 ;

evaluation, 363 -64

Pingshan experience, 41

PLA, 98 , 110 , 291 , 238 ;

generation of, 84 ;

leaders of, 96 , 116 , 258 ;

localized forces (zhuli difang hua ) of, 48 ;

military, 43 ;

representatives of, 343 ;

and role in expanding the Party, 28 -30, 43 ;

reduction of, 265

Politburo, 99 , 113

Political authoritarianism, 423

Political choice, 2

Political consciousness, 24 , 41

Political Consultative Conference, 176 , 183 , 416 ;

First, 238

Political loyalty, 34 , 36 , 47 , 65 , 80 , 279 , 330

Political manager, 384 , 426 -27

Political neutrality, 377 , 383 , 384

Political performance, 42 , 115

Political reforms, 408

Politics in command, 106 , 202 , 318 , 394

Post-responsibility system, 364

Power holders taking the capitalist road, 79 , 80 , 92 , 166 , 394

Power Industry Ministry, 257

Practice (shijian ), as criterion for empirical truth, 156 -57, 175 , 230

Practices, unhealthy, 322

Principle, organizational, 325

Priority cards [yu dai zheng ], 181

Privacy, individual, 350

Private entrepreneurs, 414

Professional associations, 72

Promotion to cadre, 332

Propaganda department, 68 , 355

"Provisional Regulations of the Civil Servant," 364

Prussia, 383

Public opinion polls, 281

Purifying class ranks, 344

Q

Qi Denggui, 158

Qien Xuesen, 350

Qinghai, 127 , 259 , 296

Qinghua University, 104

Qiu Huizou, 101 , 103

Qu Qiubai:

left adventurism of, 20 , 23 ;

rehabilitation of, 176

"Questions and Answers on the Party's Organizational Work," 346

R

Radicals, 79 -80, 91 -92, 118 , 121 , 123

Recruitment, 360 -62;

by appointment, 360 ;

criteria for, 35 , 47 -74;

by election, 361 ;

by examination, 362 ;

of hired laborers and poor peasants, 22 , 388 ;

by invitation (ping ren ), 361 -62;

of party members, 53 -57;

of revolutionaries, 13 -46;

quota of, 18 , 40 ;

of red and expert, 63 ;

selective, 304 ;

unified, and unified allocation, 402 ;

wave style of, 41 .

See also Cadre corps; Party members.

Rectification, 13 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 53 , 156 , 312 -18, 330 , 418

Red Guards, 247 , 339 , 342 ;

composition of, 249 ;

initial, 251 ;

investigation by, 166

"Reference Materials on theExperimental Party Rectification Work," 312

"Regulation Concerning Lixiu Problems of the Democratic Personnel," 238

"Regulation Regarding the Old Cadres' Lixiu ," 237

"Regulation Regarding the Reforms of the Cadre Management System," 358

"Regulations for Personnel Working on the Dossier System," 346

"Regulations on Cadre Dossier Work," 346

Rehabilitation, 105 , 129 , 146 ;

beneficiaries of, 146 -50;

born-again reformers, 163 -69;

certificate of, 184 ;

of class enemies, 186 ;

committee of, 179 -80;

conditions of, 181 -82;

of Deng Xiaoping, 145 , 159 , 169 ;

function of, 89 -90, 93 ;

Gang of Four's policy on, 129 -34;

during Lin Biao's era, 103 -5;

process of, 147 -48, 179 -84;

and reversal of decisions, 342 ;

of SEM, 176 , 185

Relations, administrative, 330 ;

key social, 334 ;

organizational, 330 ;

supply, 330 ;

work, 378

Religious groups, 36

Renmin Ribao , 142 , 148 , 153 , 154 , 156 , 169 , 172 , 174 , 190 , 229 , 230 , 247 , 250 , 418

"Report on Strengthening theRecruitment of Intellectuals," 305

"Resolution on Some Historical Questions," 156 , 290

Responsible persons, 5 ;

number of, 211 -18, 222

Retirement (tuixiu ), 94 , 236 ;

absence of, 78 ;

criteria for, 274 -84

Revolutionary age, 217 ;

experience, 43 ;

momentum, 388

Revolutionization, 278 -79, 349

Rightists, 184 , 229 , 394 ;

decision to abolish, 186 -87;

defined, and total numbers, 61

"Rules of Inner-Party Life," 229

Rustication, 129

S

"Sanshang Taofen," 178

Scalapino, Robert, 423

Sea Transportation Company, 294

Self-criticism, 315

Self-evaluation, 340

Self-report (zibao ), 39

Seniority (zhige ), 47 , 49 , 52 , 59 , 83 , 230 , 274

"Serious mistakes," 246

Seventh Machine Building Ministry, 127

"Several Opinions of the Central Organization Department with Regard to Intellectuals," 171

Shaan-Gan-Ning government, 32

Shaanxi, 362

Shanghai, 20 , 104 , 183 , 210 , 294 , 296 , 363 , 415 ;

commerce bureau of, 364 ;

rebels of, 125 ;

underground party organization of, 177

Shanghai Department Store, 294

Shanxi, 155 , 174 , 178 , 181 ;

Yuangping county of, 220

Sheng Wu Lien, 122

Shenyang, 362

ghenzhen, 262

Shirk, Susan, 389

Sichuan, 262 , 272 , 291 , 308

Sino-American relations, 109

Sino-Soviet border, 97 , 107 , 111

Sino-Soviet Friendship Association, 355

Situational group, 86 -88, 93 -94

"Six Articles on Handling Cadres with Overseas Connections," 191

Small group to lead the leadership changes at the provincial level, 272

Social background (shehui chengfen ), 24

Social mobility, 393

Social pluralism, 423

Social relations, key, 334

Socialism, peaceful evolution of, 417 ;

primary stage of, 319

Socialist consciousness, 377

Socialist Education Movement (SEM), 64 , 184

Socialist principle, 279

Soldiers, demobilized, 47 , 51 -52

Song Jian, 415

Song Renqiong, 176 , 231 , 272 ;

daughter of, 251

Soviet Union, 374 , 405 , 406 , 408 ;

communist party of, 302 , 284 , 289 ;

revisionism in, 124

Specialists, 81

Specialized households, 309 , 310

Stalin, Josef, 191

State, medium, 425

State Council, 108 , 210 , 236 , 358 ;

size of, 207 ;

standing conferences (guowuyuan changwu huiyi ) of, 257

State Science and Technology Commission, 415

Structural approach, 2

Students, middle class, 383 ;

twenty-eight returned Bolshevik, 22 , 34 ;

worker-peasant-soldier (gong nong bing ), 140

Summary Career History (jianli piao ), 332

Symbol manipulators, 14

T

Taiku county, 210

Taiping Rebellion; 124

Talk, heart-to-heart, 181

Tan Zhenlin, 115

Tao Zhu, 157 , 165

"Temporary Regulation on Settling the Old and Feeble Cadres," 236

10,000 yuan households (yi wan hu ), 309 -10

Tendency group, 85

Testimony, personal, 341

Thinking of money in everything they do, 322

Third headquarters, 97

Three Antis (sanfan ), 50 , 55 , 331

Three freedoms and one guarantee (san zi yi bao ), 324

Three types of people, 156 , 163 , 233 -34, 245 -53, 316 , 349 ;

defined, 245 -46;

difficulties in defining, 248 -53;

process of defining, 247 -48

Three-family village, 178

Three-in-one combination, 90 , 125 , 152

3:3:3 system, 30 , 59

Tiananmen incident, 142 , 147 , 156 , 157 , 173 , 174 , 408 -19, 421

Tianjin, 179 , 296 , 415

Tiaotiao , 194 , 359 , 366 , 374

Tsou, Tang, 387

Tubaozi , 59

"Twenty Articles on Accelerating Economic Development," 140

Two whatevers (liang ge fanxi ), 146 -47, 156 -57, 187

U

Ultraleftists, 135 , 153

Unit (danwei ), 199 , 199 -200, 201 -2, 421 ;

ownership of, 7 , 206

United front, 13 , 18 , 25 -27, 51 , 304 ;

department of, 238 , 355

Units that suffered serious damage from the CR(zhongcaiqu ), 247

V

Vicious attackers (yadu gongji ), 177

Virtue, 47 , 49 , 52 , 58 -59, 63 , 65 , 381 , 389

W

Wage grade system, 195

Walder, Andrew, 282 , 396

Waller, Derek, 67

Wan Li, 148

Wang Dongxing, 129 , 141 , 147 , 175

Wang Hairong, 131

Wang Hongwen, 113 , 120 , 136 , 137 , 139 , 344 ;

complaints to Mao, 139

Wang Hoshou, 157

Wang Jiaxiang, 115

Wang Ming, 22 , 23 , 73 , 131 , 154

Wang Renzhong, 158

Wang Zhen, 147

Water Conservancy Ministry, 257

Weber, Max, 329 , 396

Wen Hongsheng, 114

Western European bureaucracies, 382 ;

civil service systems of, 383

Whampao Military Academy, 107

White areas, 50

Work, important, 367

Work team, 38 , 41 , 314 , 313 , 313 -14, 342

Worker, 115 , 176 ;

analyzed by Zhang Chunqiao, 123 -24;

model of, 54 ;

veteran, 123

Wounded generation, 163

Wu De, 109 , 141 , 174

Wu Faxian, 101 , 102 , 103 , 111

Wu Lanfu, 115

Wu Lengxi, 148

Wuhan: incident, 131 ;

municipal elite, 52 , 65

Wuhan Steel Mill, 127

Wushun, 127

X

Xiangying village, 303

Xiao Wangdong, 148

Xie Fuzhi, 119

Xinfeng district of Raoping, 308

Xinjiang, 116

Xinping county, 179

Xitong ten, 353

Xu Shiyu, 147

Y

Yanan, 26 , 284 ;

rectification, 13

Yang Shangkun, 31 , 158

Yao Wenyuan, 113 , 344

Yao Yilin, 175

Ye Jianying, 87 , 110 , 230

Yen Xishan, 165

Youths, rusticated, 129

Yu Mingtao, 148

Yun Daiying, 21

Yungfa Chen, 45

Yunnan, 124 , 178 , 244 , 296

Z

Zeng Guofan, 124

Zeng San, 176

Zhang Chunqiao, 113 , 116 , 121 -24, 139 ,

141 , 143 , 185 , 344 ;

class background of, 333

Zhang Guotao, 22

Zhang Pinghua, on rural poverty, 167

Zhang Tiesheng, 114

Zhao Zhansbi, 188

Zhao Ziyang, 219 , 320 , 343 , 373 , 375 , 377 , 378 , 409 , 411 -12, 413 , 415 , 416 , 422 -23;

on liberalization, 418

Zhejiang, 56 , 63 , 223 , 362 , 364

Zheng Daiyuan, 131

Zhengding county, 127

Zhengming magazine, 179

Zhengzhou, 54

Zhongguo Qingnian Bao , 190

Zhongshan University, 343

Zhou Enlai, 64 , 74 , 93 -98, 105 -15, 120 , 129 , 135 , 136 , 164 , 344 , 399 ;

death of, 141 ;

on intellectuals, 55 , 59

Zhu De, 139 , 141

Zhu Gejia, 116

Zunyi Conference, Second, 157

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