Index

A

Abelson, Philip, 233 , 385 , 399 , 446 , 447 , 457 –8

Accelerator, linear. See Linac

Accelerator, particle. See Particle accelerator

Advisory Committee on Uranium (Briggs committee), 460 , 461 , 463 , 504 , 507

Aebersold, Paul, 229 , 233 , 239 , 360 , 389 –92

Allen, Alexander, 323

Allibone, T.E., 67 –8

Allison, Samuel, 20

Alvarez, Luis, 227 , 237 , 245 , 276 , 370 –2, 378 –81, 415 , 460 , 495 ;

and Felix Bloch, 421 , 426 –8;

detects fission fragments, 442 , 444 ;

and neutron detector, 417 –20;

studies of neutron magnetic moment, 421 –9

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 9 , 104 , 156

American Institute of Physics, 62 , 311

American Physical Society (APS), 15 , 26 , 31 , 32 , 156

ARMCO (American Rolling Mill Company), 283 , 308 , 309

Arrowsmith (Sinclair Lewis) and ideology of American science, 34 –5

Aston, Francis, 39 , 48

Atomic energy, 39 –42, 157

B

Bacher, R.F.:

and neutron velocity spectrometer, 420

Bainbridge, Kenneth, 98 , 323

Bartol Foundation, 22 , 86 , 98 ;

and Bartol cyclotron, 323

Beams, Jesse, 22 , 24 , 504 –5

Bennett, R.D., 17

Berlin, University of, 50

Beryllium rays, 144 –6

Beta-decay, 373 –6

Bethe, Hans, 301 , 466 –7, 469 –70

Birge, Raymond T., 20 , 208 , 258

Blackett, P.M.S., 47

Bleakney, Walker, 369

Bloch, Felix, 260 ;

decides to work with Alvarez, 421 , 425 ;

magnetic moment of neutron, 421 –9;

wins Nobel prize, 429

Bohr, Niels, 15 , 67 , 164 , 330 , 345 , 364 –5, 416 , 440 –1, 449 , 489

Boot, H.A.H, 500

Bothe, Walther, 328 , 347 , 387

Bowen, E.J., 501

Boyce, Joseph, 116

Brackett, Frederick, 20

Brasch, Arno, 50 , 52 , 57 , 205

Breit, Gregory, 53 , 74

Bretscher, Egon, 327 , 380 , 513

Briggs, Lyman J., 460 , 504 , 508 , 509

Briggs committee. See Advisory Committee on Uranium

Brobeck, William, 228 , 240 –1, 279 , 284 , 515

Brode, Robert, 20 , 258

Brooks, S.C., 406

Brush, C.R., 68

Bush, Vannevar, 253 , 493 , 504 –5, 508 –9

C

California, University of, 8 –10, 14 , 486 –7;

anti-Semitism at, 249 , 484 ;

Board of Research, 18 , 106 , 112 ;

closes Laboratory to foreign scientists and fires aliens, 520 –1

California Academy of Sciences, 2

California Institute of Technology (Caltech), 8 , 14 –18, 51 , 166 , 180 , 205 , 242 , 522 ;

Kellogg Laboratory, 18 , 147

Calutron, 515 –17, 521

Cambridge University, 272 , 275 , 326 , 335 , 345 , 387

Campbell, William Wallace, 18 , 31

Carbon-14, 411 , 413 –14

Carnegie Corporation, 16 , 110

Carnegie Foundation, 403

Carnegie-Illinois Steel, 285

Carnegie Institute of Washington, 12 , 53 , 166 , 307 –8, 441

Carnegie Institution, 62 –3, 307 , 502 , 505

Cavendish Laboratory, 47 , 65 , 147 , 159 , 162 , 179 , 236 , 243 , 325 –6, 368 –9, 370 , 387 ;

and cyclotron, 133 , 324 –7, 335 –8, 342 , 344 –5;

and deuterium/deuteron disintegration, 157 –60, 166 , 168 –9

Cavity magnetron, 500

Chadwick, James, 47 , 145 , 162 , 326 , 335

Chaikoff, L.I., 398

Chemical Foundation, 109 –10, 121 , 122 , 390

Chicago, University of, 214 , 372

Chick, Arthur, 228 , 393

Clark, Cyrus, 232

Clusius, Klaus, 449 , 450

Coates, Wesley, 125

Cockcroft, John Douglas:

background and early research at Metropolitan-Vickers, 65 –71, 74 ;

and cyclotron, 326 –7, 344 , 349 ;

and proton detector, 137 –8, 159 , 169 ;

wins Nobel prize, 489

Cockcroft-Walton accelerator, 68 –9, 368 ;

in Tokyo, 317 ;

vs. cyclotron, 325 , 418

Coffin, Charles A., 25

Columbia Steel, 285 , 319

Columbia University, 272 , 293 , 304 –5, 309 , 344 , 389 , 410 , 441 , 444 , 453

Compton, Arthur H., 40 , 214 , 254 , 400 , 402 , 412 , 472 , 509 , 523

Compton, Karl T., 32 , 40 , 61 ;

on cyclotrons, 316 , 400 , 479 , 493 –4, 504 , 511

Conant, James B., 208 , 493 , 509 , 523

Conference on Applied Nuclear Physics, 311

Cooksey, Donald, 44 , 136 , 222 , 227 , 237 , 239 , 247 , 311 , 319 , 504 , 520 ;

and vacuum chamber, 272 –4

Coolidge, W.D., 54 , 62

Copenhagen, University of, 264 ;

cyclotrons at, 330 –1, 345 –6

Cork, James, 305 , 364

Cornell University, 262 , 301 –2;

cyclotrons at, 263 , 290 , 298 , 302 , 323 , 420

Cornog, Robert, 246 , 372

Corson, Dale, 442 , 446 , 465

Cottrell, Frederick G., 103 –5;

as Lawrence's patron, 107 –8, 110

Cowie, Dean, 233 , 246

Crane, Richard, 162 , 166 , 194

Crocker, William H., 122 , 391

Crocker Radiation Laboratory, 210 , 391 –2

Curie, Irene, 332 , 354 , 431 , 433 –4

Cyclotron, 80 –1, 84 , 86 ;

at Bartol, 298 , 323 ;

commercial development of, 197 –9;

and the "cyclotron equation," 72 ;

different versions of, 81 –2, 84 , 93 , 300 –1;

defocusing effect of relativity in (McMillan's calculation), 468 ;

diffusion in, 262 –6, 298 –310, 317 –52;

in Europe, 264 , 320 –52;

Federal Telegraph's role in development of, 108 , 114 ;

4-inch, 93 ;

in Japan, 135 , 317 –20;

Joliot and, 133 , 164 , 340 –1, 342 , 346 –7;

relativistic limits on maximum energy of, 466 –71;

medical uses of, 134 , 197 –8, 305 –6, 336 –7;

184-inch, 210 , 473 –4, 478 –9, 481 –3, 488 , 513 –4, 520 ;

operation and maintenance, 241 , 309 , 313 , 323 , 359 , 428 ;

roles of PG&E and G.E. in development of, 115 –6;

parts and supplies in early development of, 114 ;

60-inch, 240 , 269 , 281 –6, 289 , 291 –7, 307 , 314 , 465 ;

37-inch, 238 , 240 , 276 –82, 515 ;

27-inch, 130 , 133 , 240 , 242 , 269 –71, 272 –6;

at universities, 134 , 263 , 298 , 300 , 302 –8, 323 , 313 , 428 , 510 , 511 ;

vs. Van de Graaff, 324 ;

wartime applications of, 510 , 511 .

See also Lawrence, Ernest O.: and cyclotron; Radiation Laboratory: cyclotrons at

D

Dancoff, Sydney, 257 –8

Darrow, Karl, 311

De Forest, Lee:

invents vacuum tube oscillator, 10

Dempster, Arthur, 472

Deuterium, 35 , 141 –4

Deuteron:

early research at Radiation Laborary on, 153 –6, 175 ;

disintegration, 157 , 164 , 166 , 167 , 169 , 171 , 422

Dickel, Gerhard, 449

Disintegration, nuclear. See Nuclear disintegration

DuBridge, Lee, 384 , 479 , 486

Dupont, T. Coleman, 104

E

Edlefsen, Niels, 86 , 88 , 93

Einstein, Albert, 15 , 41 , 79

Electrostatic generator. See Van de Graaff

Emo Capodalista, Lorenzo, 233

Erf, Lowell, 402

Evans, Robley, 400

Exner, Frank M., 121 , 125 , 227

F

Fairbrother, Fred, 233 , 379

Feather, Norman, 380 –1

Federal Telegraph Company, 10 , 99 , 108 , 114 , 128 –30, 214

Fermi, Enrico: 184 , 185 , 199 , 204 , 353 –4, 441 ;

searches for fission neutrons, 445 , 452 ;

theories of beta-decay and k-capture, 374 ;

wins Nobel prize, 430

Fission, 211 , 432 , 436 –41, 444 , 451 –2, 454

Fleming, A.P.M., 336

Flugge, Siegfried, 451 –2

Forschungsinstitut Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gessellschaft, 93

Fosdick, Raymond, 476 , 483

Four-inch cyclotron. See cyclotron, 4-inch

Fowler, Ralph, 117 , 182

Frisch, Otto R., 171 , 264 , 421 , 424 , 437 –8, 439 n43, 440 , 447 , 449 , 506

Fuller, Leonard, 10 , 108 , 124 , 130

G

Gabor, Denis, 81

Gamow, George, 67 , 139 , 169 , 380

Gardner Electric Company, 285

General Electric, 32 , 51 , 53 , 56 , 63 , 75 , 119 –20, 483

Gentner, Wolfgang, 340 , 347 –8, 349 , 387 , 520

Gibbs, R.C., 262 –3

Goldhaber, Maurice, 174

Green, G.K., 442

Greenberg, David, 406

Greinacher, Heinrich, 70

Griggs, Helen, 211 –13, 228 , 517

Guyon, E.H., 24

H

Hahn, Otto, 380 , 430 –1, 433 –6, 439 , 447

Hale, George Ellery, 8 , 30

Halford, Ralph, 386

Hamilton, Joseph, 229 , 360 , 387 , 396

Hansen, William, 497 –8

Harvard University, 208 , 295 , 311 , 323 , 511

Harvie, John A., 228 , 517

Heisenberg, Werner, 164

Helium-3, 368 –73

Helmholtz, Carl, 259 , 384

Henderson, Malcolm, 227 , 263 , 444

Hevesy, George von, See Von Hevesy, Georg

High-voltage research, 14 , 16 , 50 , 51

Hoover Committee on Recent Social Trends, 31

Hughes, A.L., 510

Hull, A.W., 29

Hurst, Donald, 233 , 237

Hutchins, Robert M., 31

I

Illinois, University of, 258 , 420 ;

cyclotron at, 293 , 300 , 302

Induced radioactivity, 177 –8

Institute for Physical and Chemical Research (Tokyo):

and cyclotron, 317 –19

Institute of Theoretical Physics (Copenhagen), 67

Irvine, John, 457

Ising, Gustav, 76 –7

Isomeric decay, 380 –6

Isotope separation, 453 –4, 504 –5, 516

Isotopes, 141 , 314 , 489 ;

produced by cyclotrons at Rochester, 303 , 387

Isotron, 516 –7

J

Jenkins, Francis, 20 , 258

Jewett, Frank, 31 , 40 , 473 , 481 , 493

Joliot, Frederic, 26 , 177 , 332 –4, 346 , 453 –4;

and cyclotron, 340 –1, 342 , 346 –7;

and fission research, 443 , 445 ;

wins Nobel prize, 179

Johns Hopkins University, 53 , 441 , 503

Johnson, Thomas, 86

K

K-capture, 373 ;

Laboratory seeks evidence of, 375 –80

Kalbfell, David, 233 , 384

Kamen, Martin, 238 , 251 , 280 , 355 , 412 , 484 ;

studies photosynthesis, 408 –14

Kapitza, Peter, 335

Kellogg Radiation Laboratory. See California Institute of Technology

Kennedy, Joseph, 443 , 447 , 449 , 451 , 463 , 512 ;

elucidates isomeric day in tellurium, 383 –4

Kerst, Donald, 75

Kinsey, Bernard, 229 , 324 , 232 , 341 –2

Klystron, 497 –8

Knudsen, Vern, 501 , 502

Kodak, 413 –4

Konopinski, E.J.:

theory of beta decay, 374

Krasny-Ergen, Wilhelm, 450 , 454 –5

Krogh, August, 330

Kurchatov, I.V., 381 –2, 386

Kurie, Franz, 229 , 233 , 238 , 279 , 354 ;

develops cloud chamber for Laboratory, 136 , 176 ;

studies neutron activation, 182 –3

L

Lamb, Willis, 259 , 377

Lange, Fritz, 50 , 57

Laslett, L. Jackson, 233 , 238 , 264 , 343

Latimer, Wendell, 181

Lauritsen, Charles Christian, 15 , 63 , 150 , 166 , 194 ;

and discharge tube, 52 , 54 –6

Lawrence, Ernest Orlando:

and Arthur Compton, 402 , 472 ;

and cyclotron, 82 , 86 , 87 , 98 –101, 113 , 115 , 130 –3, 162 , 164 , 195 , 208 , 214 , 265 , 271 , 311 , 319 –20, 366 , 445 , 467 , 470 , 472 , 474 –6, 478 , 480 , 482 , 483 , 510 , 514 –5, 516 ;

and deuterium/deuteron research, 154 , 155 , 157 , 167 , 169 , 171 , 180 , 185 , 187 , 270 ;

early research at University of California, 24 ;

engagement and marriage to Molly Blumer, 113 , 130 ;

fund-raising efforts, 27 , 102 , 108 , 119 , 187 , 123 , 214 , 215 , 253 , 474 , 476 , 480 , 482 , 483 ;

and medical application of research, 190 –1, 209 , 215 , 337 , 389 , 390 , 392 , 393 , 395 , 400 –1, 403 ;

and Nobel prize, 84 , 351 –2, 475 , 485 –9;

and Oppenheimer, 174 , 254 –6;

and patents, 111 , 113 , 192 –6;

patrons of, 108 , 253 ;

and radioactivity research, 173 , 181 , 186 , 188 –91, 198 , 270 , 410 ;

recruitment of, 21 –3, 99 , 208 –10;

recruitment of associates by, 25 , 226 , 258 , 494 , 501 , 520 ;

relations with the University, 99 , 114 , 208 ;

and Segrè, 366 –7;

and David Sloan; 25 , 89 ;

and Sloan tube, 119 , 123 , 125 –6;

work methods and relations with staff, 89 , 226 –7, 233 –4, 241 –2, 252 ;

wartime work, 522 –3

Lawrence, Gunda, 392

Lawrence, John H.:

medical research at Laboratory, 229 , 233 , 238 , 272 , 279 , 287 , 357 –9, 389 , 390 , 399 –403

Le Conte Hall, 19

Lehmann, Eric, 228

Leuschner, Armin O., 18 , 98 , 107

Lewis, E. Percival, 19

Lewis, Gilbert Newton, 10 , 24 , 98 , 142 , 181 –2, 259

Libby, Willard, 258 , 405

Lick Observatory, 19

Linac, 76 –8, 117

Lindemann, F.A., 327 –8

Linford, Leo, 92 , 232

Litton, Charles, 238 , 275 –6

Liverpool University:

and cyclotron, 335 , 337 –8, 342 , 345

Livingood, John J. (Jack), 227 , 229 , 238 , 245 , 355 –6, 379 , 382 –4, 396 , 447

Livingston, M. Stanley: 89 ,

as graduate student at University of California, 226 ;

at Cornell, 262 –3;

and cyclotron, 93 –6, 101 , 122 , 130 –1, 166 , 263 , 266 , 289 –91, 311 –3, 486 , 494

Livingston-Sloan oscillator, 274 –5

Loeb, Leonard B., 20 –3, 106 , 258

Loomis, Alfred L., 205 , 477 , 483 , 494 , 497

Loveridge, Laurence, 28

Lyman, Ernest, 233 , 354 , 376

M

McMillan, Edwin M., 227 , 238 , 355 , 361 –2, 372 , 382 , 415 –6, 468 –9, 495 ;

early research at Laboratory, 173 –4, 176 , 183 –4;

searches for transuranium elements, 456 –60, 468 –9, 495

Macy Foundation, 187 , 219 , 356

Magnetic resonance accelerator, 85 , 86 . See also Cyclotron

Mann, Wilfred, 233 , 238 , 242

Markle Foundation, 221 , 238 , 267 , 483

Marshall, Lauriston, 267 , 495 , 497

Massachusetts General Hospital, 398

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 29 , 36 , 62 , 113 , 263 , 267 , 268 n162, 293 , 311 –3, 511 ;

MIT's Radiation Laboratory, 493 –6, 501 , 503

MAUD report, 506 , 508

Mayo Clinic, 404

Mayo Foundation, 395

Meitner, Lise, 250 , 380 , 430 –1, 433 –9, 447 , 456

Merriam, John C., 18

Mesotrons, 472 –3, 479

Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company, 49 , 67 –70, 336

Michigan, University of, 127 , 267 –8, 305

Millikan, Robert A., 9 , 11 , 16 –17, 31 , 40

Moller, Christian, 373

Mond Laboratory (USSR), 335

Morrison, Phillip, 411

Mount Wilson Observatory, 8 , 9

Mudd, Seeley G., 17

Murphy, James, 402

N

Nagaoka, Hantaro, 318

Nahmias, Maurice, 240 , 248 , 251 , 342 , 351 , 415

National Academy of Sciences (NAS), 89 , 481 , 507 , 509

National Advisory Cancer Council, 38 –9, 214 , 268 , 311 , 393 –4, 402

National Cancer Institute, 214

National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), 493 –4, 497 , 501 –4, 507 –9, 511 –3, 523

National Research Council (NRC), 8 –9, 12 –14, 104

Naval Research Laboratory, 501 , 505

Nelson, Eldred, 259

Neutron:

detection of, 417 –8, 428 ;

discovery of, 144 –7;

magnetic moment of, 421 –9;

views on, 155 , 164 –5

Nichols, R.C., 110

Nier, Alfred O., 450 , 453 –4, 515

Nobel committee, 489 –92

Nordau, Max, 29

Noyes, A.A., 9

Nuclear disintegration, 46 –7

O

Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), 509 , 511 , 520

Oldenburg, Otto, 379

Oliphant, Marcus, 325 , 350

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 20 , 87 , 173 , 183 , 362 , 364 –5, 509 ;

background of, 254 –5;

and relationship with Lawrence and Laboratory staff, 256 –8

Oppenheimer-Phillips reaction, 173 , 362 –3

Oxford University, 60 , 75 , 327

P

Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), 115 –6

Particle accelerator, 49 –51, 53 , 59 , 77 , 80 , 89 , 91 , 116 , 127 , 132 , 147 , 150 , 162 , 196 ;

Cockcroft and Walton's, 68 –9;

Lauritsen's discharge tube, 52 –4;

Van de Graaff's elec-

trostatic generator, 60 –3;

Wideroe's version of, 77 –8

Patents, 104 –6, 110 , 112 , 123 , 192 –3, 195 –6, 199

Paxton, Hugh, 232 , 376 , 470

Peierls, Rudolph, 506

Pelton, Lester Allen, 5 –6

Philips of Eindhoven, 325 –7

Phillips, Melba, 87 , 173

Photosynthesis, 408 –13

Plutonium, 412 , 461 –2, 512 –3

Poillon, Howard A., 104 , 123 , 195 , 197 , 217 , 391 , 395 , 404 , 482

Pollard, Ernest, 411

Posin, Daniel, 232

Poulsen, Vladimir, 10

Poulsen generator, 130 , 134

Poulsen magnet, 266 , 269 , 318

Princeton University, 36 , 60 , 263 , 264 , 302 , 322 , 323 , 369 , 516

Proton, 422

Purdue University, 290 –1, 309

R

Rabi, Isadore I., 251 , 423 –4

Radiation Laboratory, 1 , 116 , 119 , 153 , 173 , 287 , 349 –50, 465 ;

associates and staff, 175 –6, 180 , 207 –8, 211 , 213 , 222 –4, 227 –9, 232 –9, 241 –51, 254 –5, 259 –61, 286 , 360 , 415 –6, 520 ;

cyclotrons at, 114 , 313 , 235 –40, 263 –8, 269 –316 (chap. 6), 349 ;

federal, state, and foundation support for, 98 , 114 , 118 , 187 , 207 , 209 , 211 –21, 225 , 228 , 404 , 470 –7, 484 ;

health hazards at, 161 –2, 244 –6, 287 , 356 –9, 412 ;

and k-capture, 373 –80, 415 ;

life at, 242 –8;

medical program and research at, 188 –9, 208 , 215 , 229 , 236 , 356 –7, 359 –60, 389 –401, 403 , 404 , 465 ;

and relations with University, 207 , 212 , 259 , 391 –2;

social attitudes at, 248 –52;

wartime effort of, 517 , 520 , 522 ;

work regime at (cyclotron) 235 –40, 354 –5

Radioactive decay, 45

Radioactive tracers, 405 –17

Radiobiology, 357 , 389 –404

Radiochemistry, 353 –6, 360 –89

Radio engineering, 92 , 127 , 324

Radioiodine, 396 –8

Radioiron, 191

Radiological safety, 357 –8

Radiomedicine, 398 , 400 , 403 –4

Radiophosphorus, 191 , 194 , 398 –9, 401 , 403 –4

Radiosodium, 188 –90, 193 –4, 305 , 395 –6

Ramsauer, Carl, 112

Randall, H.M., 305

Randall, J.T., 500

Rasetti, Franco, 187

Raytheon Corporation, 113

Research Corporation, 27 –8, 63 , 65 , 103 –4, 106 –10, 197 –8, 356 , 497 , 515 ;

and cyclotrons, 267 , 311 , 483 ;

develops Sloan X-ray tube, 121 –3;

and patent policies, 106 –7, 109 –10, 192 –3, 196 –7, 497 , 517

Resnatron, 496 –7, 501

Resonance absorption, 417

Resonance acceleration, 71 –86, 95 , 109

Resonant excitation, 151

Revere Copper and Brass Company, 285 , 319

Richardson, J.R., 233 , 354 , 376

Richtmeyer, F.K., 41

Roberts, Richard, 308

Rochester, University of, 303 –4, 311 , 387 , 404 , 407

Rockefeller Foundation, 13 , 27 –8, 110 , 189 , 267 , 304 , 311 , 329 –34, 342 , 343 , 345 , 473 ;

and Laboratory, 207 , 220 –1, 343 , 373 , 476 , 481 –2

Rogowski, Walter, 74

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 32 , 33 , 217 –8, 493

Rose, Morris E., 466 , 469

Rotblat, Joseph, 513

Ruben, Samuel, 259 , 405 –6, 484 ;

and studies on photosynthesis, 408 –13

Rutherford, Ernest, 41 , 46 , 49 , 326 , 336 , 521 ;

and accelerators, 49 , 158 ;

discovers nuclear disintegration, 46 –7;

and deuterium research, 158 –9, 161 , 168

S

Sagane, Ryokichi, 227 , 318 –9, 520

Salisbury, Winfield, 229 , 287 , 291 , 295 , 514

Sargent, B.W., 376

Savitch, Paul, 433 –4

Schiff, Leonard, 470

Schoenheimer, Rudolf, 410

Science and industry, 104 , 111

Seaborg, Glenn T., 228 , 259 , 355 , 382 –5, 396 , 443 , 447 , 449 , 450 –1, 459 , 461 , 463 , 512 , 517

Segrè, Emilio, 229 , 355 , 365 –8, 384 –7, 457 , 462 , 512 , 521 –2

Seimens, 75 , 81 , 82

Serber, Robert, 75 , 257

Simmons, S.J., 233

Sixty-inch cyclotron. See Cyclotron. 60-inch

Slater, John, 113

Sloan, David, 25 , 89 –91, 118 –20, 226 , 232 , 292 , 295 , 495 –7, 501

Sloan tube, 118 –9, 120 –6, 389

Smith, Henry, 516

Snell, Arthur, 229 , 238 , 287 , 381 , 386

Soley, Myron, 396 –7

Solvay conference of 1933, 162

Southern California Edison, 14 , 17 , 51

Sperry Corporation, 499

Sproul, Robert Gordon, 98 , 106 –7, 113 , 116 , 208 , 210 , 391

Stanford University, 260 , 306 , 409 , 420 , 425 , 428 , 497

Steenbeck, Max, 75 , 81 –2

Stern, Otto, 87 , 251 , 421

Stone, R.S., 391 –2

Stout, Perry, 407

Strassmann, Fritz, 431 , 447

Strauss, Lewis, 204 –5

Swann, W.F.G., 21 , 232

Szilard, Leo, 75 , 79 , 81 , 199 –200, 202 , 204 , 445 , 504

T

Technetium, 366 , 368 , 384

Teller, Edward, 504

Tesla coil, 53 , 59 , 67 , 87 , 117

Texas, University of, 210 , 471 , 473

Thibaud, Jean, 79 –80

Thirty-seven-inch cyclotron. See Cyclotron, 37-inch

Thomas, L.H., 470

Thomson, Elihu, 103

Thomson, G.P., 417 –8

Thornton, Robert, 227 , 229 , 239 , 263 , 305 , 362

Thyroid, 396 –8

Tisdale, W.E., 330 –1, 470

Tizard, Henry, 501 , 507

Tracers, radioactive. See Radioactive tracers

Transuranic research, 430 –6, 448 , 456 –60

Tritium, 368 –73

Tuck, James, 75

Tuve, Merle, 21 , 53 , 59 –60, 63 –4, 75 , 87 , 149 –51, 166 , 172 –3, 289 , 307 –8, 314 , 368 –9, 407 , 503 –6

Twenty-seven-inch cyclotron. See Cyclotron, 27-inch

U

Uhlenbeck, G.E., 374

Underwater Sound Lab, 501 –2

Urey, Harold C., 35 , 112 , 141 –3, 311 , 325 , 413 , 450

Utrecht, University of, 417 –8

V

Van Ardenne, Manfred, 347 , 348

Van de Graaff, Robert J., 60 , 61 –5

Van de Graaff (electrostatic generator), 60 –4, 150 , 314 , 324 –5, 328 –9, 332

Van Voorhis, Stanley, 229 , 233

Varian, Russell, 498 –9

Varian, Sigurd, 498 –9

Von Freisen, Sten, 349

Von Hevesy, Georg, 329 –30, 407 –8

Von Weizsacker, C.F., 380

W

Wahl, Arthur, 459 , 461 , 463 , 512

Walke, Harold, 238 , 245 , 342 , 378

Walton, Ernest, 67 –8, 74 , 489

Washington University, 309 , 510

Weaver, Warren, 220 , 329 , 473 , 475 –7, 481 , 488

Westinghouse, 314 , 501

Whipple, George, 408 , 477

White, Harvey, 20 , 232 , 258

White, Milton, 232 , 257 , 263

Wick, Gian Carlo, 373 , 422

Wideroe, Rolf, 72 –4, 76 –9, 83 –4, 495

Wigner, Eugene, 504

Wilson, Robert, 35 , 239 , 278 , 468 , 516 –7

Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF), 105

Wood, R.W., 493

Woolridge, Dean, 233

Works Project Administration, 216 , 217

Wu, C.S., 223 , 522

Wynn-Williams, 158

X

X rays, 15 , 54 , 57 –8, 71 , 117 –26

Y

Yale University, 22 , 251 , 306 , 309 , 411

Yasaki, Tameichi, 318

Z

Zinn, Walter, 445

Zirkle, Raymond E., 389 –90