Index
A
abscondence, 24 , 48 , 221 , 235 ;
by kawata , 266 -67, 291
adultery, 278 , 334
Agrarian Origins of Modern Japan (Thomas C. Smith), 2 , 74 , 144 . See also Smith, Thomas C.
Aida, 253
Amosho[*] , 284 n, 304
Aizu, 110 , 231
Akashina, 179
akinagokoro, 199
Ako[*] , 31 , 325
akunin , 284
Amino Yoshihiko, 273 n
Ando[*] Shoeki[*] , 109 , 308 -9, 346
Andreski, Stanislav, 338 n
Aono Shunsui, 136 n
apology, 65 -66, 67 -69, 196 , 220
appeals to Edo, 40 , 255 , 260 , 312
Arai Hakuseki, 296 , 320 n, 324
arakamisama , 263
Araki Moriaki, 74 n
arson, 196 , 223 , 224 , 229 , 234
aruki , 282
Asano, 325
Asao Naohiro, 75 -76, 281
Asashina, 271
ashida , 177
Awa, 282 , 289
Azuchi, 102
Azumi, 256
B
bakuro[*] , 48
Balibar, Etienne, 303 , 310
Ban Nobutomo, 305
Banba Masatomo, 279 , 298
banishment: cases of, 45 , 218 , 220 , 221 ;
evolution of, 198 , 226 ;
informal, 197 , 238 -39;
and ostracism, 221 ;
as punishment (bakufu), 39 , 137 , 327 -28, 339 ;
as punishment (village), 38 , 197 , 221 , 228 , 238 -40
bannerman, 7 , 14 , 106 -7
beggars, 25 , 44 , 230 , 299 . See also hinin
beheading, 38 , 39 , 251 , 263 , 327 . See also death penalty
benevolent government, 114
Berreman, Gerald, 244 -46
betsudan ofuregaki , 267
Bitchu[*] , 293
biwahoshi[*] , 256
Bix, Herbert, 88 , 125 , 126 , 127
Bizen, 293
blind people, 44 , 230 , 255 -56, 299
bonboku , 255 -56, 259 , 271
bond servants (fudai, genin, nago ), 87 , 142 , 148 , 186 , 357 ;
in Hozu, 204 -5, 208 n;
and kawata , 277 ;
in Makibuse, 20 -21, 23 -24, 25 , 27 ;
in Shimo-Kaize, 153 , 155 -60, 163
bonge , 304
Bourdieu, Pierre, 2 ;
on Béarn peasants, 21 n, 29 , 167 ;
on class and status, 129 -31, 133 ;
and deconstruction, 337 , 344 , 347 ;
on etiquette, 205 ;
on interests, 286 n;
on the juridical field, 314 -16;
on the logic of practice, 275 ;
on misrecognition, 170 ;
on social position, 248 ;
on symbolic capital, 3 , 94 ;
and Max Weber, 133 , 319 ;
on "world-making," 88 , 347
Buddhism, 64 -65, 200 ;
and derogatory terms, 304 . See also memorial service; specific sects
bugyojo[*] , 205
bumai , 95 , 117
Bun'emon, 151 , 154 , 159
bunke. See house, branch
Bunshiro[*] , 153 -57
buntsuke , 54 , 162
Bunzo[*] , 153 -57
buraku , 248 , 271 , 272
burakumuin , 6 , 11 , 244 -45
busen , 95 , 117
butchers: ancestors of, 305 ;
and candala[*] , 284 , 303 , 304 ;
in Europe, 305 n;
and medieval Buddhism, 247 , 284 , 303 , 304 ;
and Ogyu[*] Sorai, 300 -301
buyaku , 83
C
cadasters (kenchicho[*] ), 77 , 81 , 90 -92
candala[*] , 284 , 303
capital, symbolic, 3 , 54 , 94 , 129 , 210
caste, 248 , 304
Castoriadis, Cornelius, 338
certificate of leave, 16 -17, 28 -29
chasen , 286 -87, 289
chigyo[*] , 280
Chihara, 254 n
Chiisagata, 27
chiku , 283
Ch'ing, 111
ch'ing, tafu, shih, shujen , 298
Chiribukuro , 284 n, 303 -4
chogai[*] , 197
Chojiro[*] , 217 -21
Chokyuro[*] , 36 , 47 , 65
chori[*] , 283
chorippo , 271
Choshu[*] , 95 , 96 , 289 , 292
Christians, 25 , 80 , 306
Chuemon[*] : from the bonboku incident, 255 -57;
Makibuse's headman, 35 , 56 , 64 ;
Shimo-Kaize's headman, 153 , 154 , 157
chuhonzan[*] , 285
class: action, 171 -75;
Bourdieu on, 3 , 129 -31, 133 ;
consciousness, 88 ;
historians on, 3 -4, 125 -26, 130 n;
interests, 101 -10, 204 , 206 , 214 ;
objective, 3 -4, 124 , 130 , 206 ;
organization in Hozu, 204 , 208 ;
Smith on, 125 , 126 , 134 n;
and status, 2 -3, 71 , 124 , 126 -31, 134 n, 202 ;
subjective, 3 -4, 130 , 206 ;
Weber on, 128 -29, 131 , 133 . See also four classes
client. See house, branch
Clog Thongs Riot, 261 -64, 313
collusion, 69 , 225 , 239
community, 70 , 77 , 116 -17, 134 , 329
conciliation, 9 , 172 , 178 , 196 , 236 , 330
confiscation, 39 , 218 , 226 , 228 , 327
Confucianism, 109 , 199 -200, 297 ;
on hierarchy, 338 , 339 ;
and ideology, 72 , 343 -44;
and kawata , 291 , 297 -99, 301 , 32 ;
on suzerainty, 323
conquest, 319 -22
consensus, 222 -23
conversos, 306
corvée, 76 , 83 , 117 ;
allocation, 112 ;
by kawata , 266 ;
national, 91 -97, 102 , 117 ;
in Niremata, 144 -45;
portage, 94 , 117
cremators, 276
crime: reporting, 198 , 228 , 234 ;
voting, 221 -30. See also adultery; arson; gambling; hinin , and crime; investigation; kawata , criminalization of; manslaughter; marriage, mixed; murder; theft; unfiliality
critique, 345
crucifixion, 251 -52, 293 , 327
cultural practice, 339 -45
curse, 200 , 277See also retribution
D
daieta , 300
daikan. See intendant
Daitokuin, 151 , 158 , 160
Dan'emon, 36 , 64
dannaba , 250 , 252 ;
kabu, 250 , 281
Danzaemon, 278 , 282 , 288 , 305 ;
and hinin , 282 , 288 ;
jurisdiction, 230 , 256 , 282 -83, 288 , 297 , 301 ;
and lawsuits, 263 , 277 ;
leadership, 251 -52, 280 ;
privileges, 280 n
death penalty: cases of, 38 , 263 , 277 ;
kinds of, 39 ;
in village rules, 197 , 205 , 224 , 234 . See also beheading
deconstruction, 337
Deguchi Nao, 276
deiri-suji , 331
dependents, 155 , 202 . See also bond servants; kadoya ; kin, and non-kin; lineages; servants
Derrida, Jacques, 344
discrimination: and Buddhism, 247 , 283 -84;
criticized, 309 ;
history of, 247 ;
logic of, 310 ;
official, 262 -63, 267 -70, 275 , 277 , 282 , 286 ;
past and present, 244 -48;
and registration, 281 -82;
and Shinto, 246 -47;
today, 270 -71, 303 , 307 -8, 311 . See also Emancipation Decree; kawata , legislation for
disinheritance, 24 , 40 , 43 -49, 62 ;
and kawata , 291
disputes: border, 231 -33;
money, 330 -31
doctors, 132
dogo[*] , 4 , 94 , 97 -110, 185 n, 215 -16;
defined, 92 -93
domen , 135
domiciliary confinement, 257 , 263
doshin[*] , 174 , 256
E
Ebisu: god, 307 ;
people, 256 , 297
Echigo, 197 , 233
Edohyo[*] , 40
ego[*] , 249 n
elders, 79
Emancipation Decree, 245 , 246 , 293 , 307
emperor, 323
enryo , 257
Entara, 306
enza , 44 , 238
eta , 243 -311;
and colonial discourse, 297 -98;
as derogatory term, 243 , 247 , 254 , 278 , 297 , 303 -4, 306 ;
and dyers, 282 ;
hunts, 288 ;
legislation, 289 , 299 ;
registration, 282 , 283 ;
segregation laws for, 286 -87;
segregation questioned, 299 -300;
self-perception of, 249 , 306 ;
separate taxes for, 212 , 275 ;
social value of, 277 ;
in village laws, 288 . See also kawata ; outcastes
Eta o osamuru gi (Senshu[*] Fujiatsu), 308 -9
eta osame , 275
etadera , 284
etagari , 288
etagashira , 249
Etchu[*] , 279
etiquette, 205 , 343
etori , 303
executions, 249 -52, 280 n
exposure, 226 , 327
Ezo , 296 -98, 304 , 309
Ezodan hikki , 296 n
Ezoshi , 296
F
Family Registration Law, 307
field theory, 130 -31, 133 -34
fines, 198
fire, sharing, 300
formalism, 313 -16, 333 -37
Foucault, Michel, 252
four classes, 298 -99
France, 3 , 305
fuben , 200
fubun[*] , 229
fuchoho[*] , 159
fudai , vassals, 104 . See also bond servants
Fyjiki Hisashi, 320 n
fujittai yue yowatari , 47
Fujufuse, 322
Fukuda Tokuzo[*] , 193 n
Fukuoji[*] , 174 , 283
Fukuyama, 110 , 185 , 215 , 253 , 254
furusato buumu , 193
Furushima Toshio, 74
Furyushishaki[*] (Ogyu[*] Sorai), 300
Fuse, 225
Fuse Yaheiji, 219
Futamori, 186 -88
fuwa , 32
G
gaijin , 288 , 311
Gakushuin[*] Daigaku, 271
gambling, 37 , 42 , 196 -97, 265
gejo , 153
Gendayu[*] , 25 -37, 42 -47, 57 , 59 , 62 , 64
genealogies: Danzaemon's, 278 , 282 , 288 ;
kawata , 288 , 305 ;
and racism, 246 , 257 ;
tracing, 336
genin , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 153 . See also bond servants; fudai ; servants, indentured
genrai sono shusei kakubetsu naru , 304
Genzaemon, 52 , 250
Genzo[*] , 138 -43
geshunin , 39
gesugero[*]no mibun , 263
geta, 201
gizetsu , 43
go[*] , 78 , 105
Goemon, 151 , 157 , 159 , 160
goiko[*] , 240
gokogisama[*] , 35
gokogisama[*]godogu[*] , 250
gomyo[*] , 203 -12, 241 , 314 , 345
gonai-i , 240
goningumi (kumi ), 15 n, 18 -19, 80 -81;
in Hozu, 211 ;
and kin, 18 -19, 143 ;
leadership, 180 -83, 351 -52;
rules (text), 353 -62. See also lineages, and goningumi
goningumicho[*]zensho , 18 n, 168 -69, 194 . See also village, laws
Gorobe-shinden: burakumin in, 270 -71;
developed, 102 -5;
kakae in, 31 n, 169 -70, 183 ;
peasant representative in, 122
Goroemon-shinden[*] , 85
gosaho[*] , 239
goshi[*] , 210
Goshioki saikyo cho[*] , 230 n
goso[*] , 269
Great Learning , 200
H
habitus, 319 , 336 , 337 , 342
hakama , 177
Hakusan, 285 n, 307
Haley, John, 192 , 240 -41, 323
hamayumi , 274 n
hanao , 261
Hanbei, 150 -60
hangashira , 181
hangashiradai , 181
hanyakunin , 82 , 134
haori , 277 , 201 , 211
Hara, 118
Harada Seiji, 185 -89
Harada Tomohiko, 293
Harafuji Hiroshi, 317
Harima, 274
harmony, 10 , 89 , 126 , 184 ;
in Makibuse, 32 , 67 , 68
Harris, Townsend, 311
hatamoto. See bannerman
Hayami Akira, 56
Hayashi Razan, 346
Hei'emon, 182 , 183
heijin , 286 , 290 , 297
Heijiro[*] , 180 , 183
heimon , 257 n, 263
Heizaemon, 153
Heizo[*] , 258 -60
Henderson, Dan Fenno, 178 , 179 n, 235 n, 317 , 329 , 333 , 334 , 340
Heusken, Henry, 311
heya-sumi , 148
Hideyoshi. See Toyotomi Hideyoshi
hierarchy: among dependents, 155 ;
in extended families, 202 ;
four classes, 299 ;
in general, 301 , 310 , 320 , 323 -24, 338 -40, 345 , 346 ;
hinin and kawata , 288 ;
lineage, 69 , 148 ;
and miyaza , 216 ;
pollution, 276 ;
status, 132 , 244 ;
suits, 34 , 327 ;
village, 24 -25
Higashi-Kami-Isobe, 223 , 224 , 229 , 313
Higashi-Tenkawa, 77
Hiji, 297
hikan , 102
Hikodayu[*] , 280
Hikozaemon, 150 -57
hinin : abolition of, 247 ;
and Buddhism, 304 ;
and crime, 287 , 291 ;
and Danzaemon, 282 -83;
and executions, 251 ;
and kawata , 249 -51, 256 , 288 , 291 , 297 ;
kidnapped, 257 -61;
legislation, 299 ;
as punishment, 226 , 244 , 334 , 342 ;
self-perception, 248 ;
in village laws, 44 , 230
Hino, 85
Hinoya Kiee, 261 -62
Hirabara, 27
Hiraga, 48
Hiramatsu Yoshiro[*] , 240
Hirata Atsutane, 302 -3
hissoku , 257 n
hitogara , 181
hitowa ine , 280
Hoashi Banri, 297
hogai[*] , 296
hoito[*] , 299
Hojo[*] , 104 , 106 , 107 , 279
Hokkai zuihitsu , 296 n
Hokkaido, 296 -98
hokonin[*] . See servants, hokonin[*]
honbyakusho[*] , 23 n. See also titled peasants
Honganji, 285
honke. See house, main (patron)
honyakunin , 82
horse trader, 37 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 51
horses, 37 n, 200
Hosokawa Takakuni, 211
house: branch (client), 24 , 25 , 54 , 169 ;
in cadasters and registers, 91 ;
ie , 5 ;
in Kodaira, 163 -76;
main (patron), 25 , 172 ;
succession, 17 , 53 , 62 , 84 . See also kakae; kakaeya
household. See house
Hozu, 197 , 203 -16, 313 , 314 , 328 , 345
Hozumi Nobushige, 192
Hozumi Shigeto[*] , 192
human nature, 301 , 309
hunters, 275 , 282
hyakushodai[*]See peasants, representative
hyo[*] , 113
hyojosho[*]See Tribunal
I
Ichijoji[*] , 237
Ichikawa, 104
Ichikawa Gohei, 154
Ichikawa Yuichiro[*] , 11
ichiwa , 256
ideology, 1 -2, 265
ie. See house, ie
iegara , 181
iekazucho[*] , 91
Iemon, 54 , 55
iewari , 134
Ieyasu. See Tokugawa Ieyasu
Igeta Ryoji[*] , 202 , 215 , 332
Iheie, 36
Ikeda Mitsumasa, 299
ikki , 237 -38, 285 ;
early Tokugawa, 76 , 78 ;
and kawata , 254 n, 267 -70;
and Tokugawa period history, 125 -26
Ikko[*] , 285
Imabori, 193 , 235
Imagawa, 107 , 279
India, 284 , 304 , 306
Ine, 19 , 51 , 59
inheritance: in Hozu, 208 ;
in Makibuse, 52 -53, 188
inkyo bunke , 53 , 84
Inquisition, 306
instrumentalism, 313 -19, 328
intendant (daikan, gundai ), 7 , 103 , 106 -8, 198 ;
assistant (tedai ), 103 , 108 , 381
investigation: criminal, 236 , 286 , 331 ;
officers, 331 , 336
irefuda. See voting
Iribuse, 17 , 123
Ise, 297
Ishii Ryosuke[*] , 46 , 178 , 330 , 334 n
Ishimoda Sho[*] , 130 n
Iwamurata, 253 , 289 , 294
Iwaya, 221
iyashii , 247
J
jigeuke , 76 , 97
Jihei, 167
Jikata hanreiroku (Oishi[*] Hisakata), 44 n, 122
jinarashi , 135
jinbetsu aratamecho[*] , 13 . See also population register
jindatesho , 95
Jin'emon, 250
jingai , 288 , 292 , 311
Jingoemon, 35
jinsei , 299
Jinten ainosho[*] , 304
jinya , 252
Jiroemon[*] , 151 , 154
jiwari , 136 n, 140 n
jizamurai , 92 , 102
Jodoshinshu[*] . See Buddhism; New Pure Land
Jofukuji[*] , 268
Joly, Jacques, 346 n
Jomon[*] , 273 n
justice: asymmetrical, 286 ;
intravillage equity, 111 , 114 , 137 ;
Ken's quest for, 37 , 67 -69;
martial law, 234 ;
and order, 9 , 68 , 312 -18, 348 ;
"private," 37 , 231 , 240 ;
shogunal, 240 , 263 , 325 , 336 -37;
village, 98 , 196 , 229 , 239 , 312 ;
Weberian typology, 318 -19. See also appeals to Edo; crime, voting; ordeal
Juzaemon[*] , 29 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 65
K
kabu. See shares
kabuki, 343
kabushiki kaisha , 134
kabuwake , 134
kadoya , 25 ;
and kakae in Shimo-Kaize, 149 -60
Kaetsu, 258
Kaga, 279 , 285 n, 292
Kai, 300
Kaiho[*] Seiryo[*] , 292
kaikaku. See reform, and kawata
kaimyo , 283 -84
Kaizu, 281
kaka , 205
kakae , 23 n, 24 , 29 ;
and rifled peasants, 149 -60, 162 . See also house, branch (client); lineages
kakae-oya , 25 . See also house, main (patron)
kakaeya , 150 , 151 , 154 , 157 . See also house, branch (client); kakae ; lineages
kakocho[*] , 283
kaku , 283
Kamasu, 280 n, 281 , 289 , 294 -96
Kameoka, 203
Kameyama, 203
Kami-Hosoya, 249 -50
Kami-Kaize, 258 -61, 313
Kami-Kawarabayashi, 82 -85, 101
kamishimo , 177 , 184 n
Kamo Mabuchi, 345 -46
Kanazawa, 110 , 281
kando[*] , 43 . See also disinheritance
Kan'ei edicts, 200
Kan'ei period, 98 -99
Kanesuke, 258
kanjobugyo[*] . See superintendent of finances
Kannonji-shinden, 26 , 27
kannushi , 85
Kansei Reform, 289
Kanto[*] , 123
karma, 304
karo[*] , 41
Kashri, 277
kashirabyakusho[*] , 214
Kashiwagi Koemon, 105
Kasuga, 60 n, 167 , 185
Kasuga-shinden, 178
Katakura, 41
Kato[*] Kiyomasa, 222
Katsuyama, 132
kawa , 283
kawaramono , 278 -79, 287 , 301 , 304
kawata , 243 -311;
ancestry of, 282 , 305 , 307 , 309 ;
Confucians on, 291 , 297 -302;
criminalization of, 291 -92;
dyers, 282 ;
economic situation of, 261 n, 280 n, 291 -94;
emancipation of, 309 ;
fishermen, 274 ;
functions of, 253 , 279 -80, 292 -93;
geographic distribution of, 272 , 293 ;
governance of, 249 -50, 252 ;
in Hozu, 203 , 206 , 212 , 230 , 281 n;
leadership of, 269 , 279 -80;
and leather work, 279 -82, 292 -93;
legislation for, 267 -68, 274 , 278 , 286 -92, 296 ;
population growth of, 294 -96;
privileges of, 280 , 281 ;
protest of, 253 -54, 265 -77;
registration, 281 -83, 288 ;
regulations (text) for, 374 -76;
relocated, 281 , 282 ;
self-perception of, 243 , 248 -49, 306 -7;
as titled peasants, 268 ;
trials of, 262 -63, 270 , 275 , 286 . See also butchers; discrimination; Emancipation Decree; eta ; outcastes; racism; segregation
kawata toryo[*] , 279
kawaya sogashira[*] , 279
kegaretaru mono ni tsuki kome , 276
Keian edicts, 199 -200;
text, 363 -73
Kelley, William, 125
Ken, 12 , 313
kenchicho[*] . See cadasters
kengo , 278
Kengyo[*] , 230
kenka ryoseibai[*] , 234 , 325 , 329 -30
kerai , 143 , 211
kessho , 39 . See also confiscation
Kichibei, 150 -52, 155 , 157
Kichijoji[*] , 118
Kichisaburo[*] , 54 , 56 , 60
Kichitaro[*] , 217 , 219
Kichizaemon, 36
kidnapping, 257 -61
Kii, 216 , 254 , 254 n
kimoiri , 98
kin, and non-kin: in cooperative villages, 186 -88;
in goningumi , 18 ;
in Kodaira, 161 , 162 , 167 , 175 -76;
in lineages, 142 , 190 , 201 ;
in Niremata, 147 -48
Kinai, 76 , 78 , 80 , 101 , 102
kinju[*]dozen[*] , 292
Kira, 325
Kisaburo[*] , 153 , 154
kishu , 304
Kishu[*] , 199 n
Kita-Saku, 9 , 11 , 253 , 278
Kitasawa, 112
kiyome , 303
Kobayashi Daiji, 284
Kobayashi Kei'ichiro[*] , 133
Kobayashi Shigeru, 299
kobyakusho[*] . See small peasants
Kodai, 253
Kodaira, 19 , 23 n, 54 , 163 -76;
compared to Hozu, 207 , 283 , 346
Kodama Kota[*] , 11 , 194 , 222 , 315 n
kogashira , 263
kogi[*] , 111
kojo[*]no oboe , 239
kojosho[*] , 335
Kojuro[*] , 280
kokoro jidai , 192
kokoro ni zen'aku no naki , 292
koku : defined, 16 n
kokudaka : defined, 49 n, 81 ;
used by lords, 95 ;
used by peasants, 111 -16, 313 -14
kokugaku , 302 , 345
kokujin , 92
Komachi Yuhachi[*] , 265 n
Komiyayama, 23
komononari , 117
Komoro, 27 , 104 , 252 , 289 , 294
Konoshita[*] , 269
Korean embassies, 287
Koshigoe, 27 , 28
Koyasan[*] , 64 -65
kuchigaki , 150 , 335
kuchimai , 117
Kujikata osadamegaki , 198 , 317 , 327 , 331 , 334 , 335 , 339
kujiyado. See suit inn
Kumamoto, 282
kumanogoohoin[*] , 232 , 233
Kumazawa Banzan, 299 , 301 n
kumi , 15 n;
head, 13 , 79 . See also goningumi
kumigashira. See kumi , head
kuniyaku. See corvée, national
Kurashiki, 100 n
Kuroda Toshio, 304
Kurome, 188
Kurosawa, Akira, 241
Kurozumi Makoto, 301 n
Kurume, 110 , 238
Kurushima Hiroshi, 321 n
kusaba , 250 , See also dannaba
Kutsusawa, 252
kyodotai[*] . See community
Kyoho[*] Reforms, 53 , 120 , 288 -89
Kyoho[*]sewa , 305
kyokuji , 335
Kyujiro[*] , 218 , 220 , 221
kyuri[*] , 43 -45
Kyuzaemon[*] , 173
L
land: ownership, 92 ;
partitioning, 53 -58, 89 , 162 , 169 ;
reclamation, 103 -5;
redistribution, 136 ;
rent, 53 , 208 , 212 ;
sale, 50 -51, 53 , 206 ;
surveys, 90 -92, 105 . See also small peasants; titled peasants
laws: commercial, 329 -30;
compliance with, 237 ;
effectiveness, 115 , 234 ;
ignorance of, 235 ;
for kawata , 265 -67;
and reason, 312 , 334 ;
segregation, 277 , 286 -87, 290 -91;
sumptuary, 299 , 214 -15, 265 -67, 338
lawsuits, 8 ;
discouraged, 33 , 241 ;
in early Tokugawa, 78 -86;
ostracism, 219 -21;
by outcastes, 212 -14, 275 , 287 -88;
procedures, 334 ;
status, 178 (Kasuga-shinden), 171 -75 (Kodaira), 150 -60 (Shimo-Kaize)
lawyers, 7 , 236 n
leather, 250 , 273 , 279 -82, 295 ;
sandals, 201 , 205 -6, 209 , 265 , 301 ;
workers, 243 , 274 , 291 -93
legislation, 316 -19, 324 -29, 337 -40;
on abscondence, 48 ;
on access to information, 114 -15, 119 -20;
on apprehending offenders, 45 ;
on cultural practice, 339 -45;
on disinheritance, 43 -45;
on land division and sales, 53 ;
on manslaughter, 38 -39, 42 ;
on murder, 38 -39;
sumptuary, 121 , 131 , 195 , 199 , 214 , 265 -67, 338 . See also crime; Kan'ei edicts; kawata , legislation; Keian edicts; Kujikata osadamegaki ; laws; status, legislation; status, sartorial prescriptions
Lenin, 75 n
Levinas, Emmanuel, 265 n
lineages, 31 , 170 ;
expansion, 84 , 179 -84;
and goningumi , 15 , 18 -19, 25 ;
in Kodaira, 170 -76;
in Makibuse, 15 , 25 , 29 -32, 54 -64;
in Oashi[*] , 179 -83;
tension, 242 -41;
and village structure, 142 .
litigation, overseer. See superintendent of finances
logging, 206 , 208
logic: of pollution, 276 ;
of practice, 287 , 313 ;
of the symbolic, 131
Lyotard, Jean-François, 344
M
Maebashi, 95
Maeda, 102 , 279
Maeda Ichiro[*] , 312 n
Maeda Masaharu, 192 -95, 197 , 315 n
Magoichi, 258
Magoroku, 280
Makibuse, 11 -70, 172
manslaughter, 196
maps, 287
marriage, 19 -24, 26 , 29 , 34 ;
mixed, 207 , 214 , 277 -78, 332 , 334
Marx, Karl, 109 , 128 , 130 n, 286
Marxism, 74 , 75 n, 125 , 126 , 315
Masaemon, 47
matagi. See hunters
Matsumiya Kanzan, 296 n
Matsumoto, 280 , 288 , 289
Matsumoto Hidemochi, 297
Matsuo, 231 -33
Matsushiro, 132 , 280 , 291
mawaki , 186
mediation, 99 , 112 , 174 , 215 , 219
meikun , 299
memorial service, 216 , 283 ;
in Ken's suit, 37 , 64 , 66 , 67 , 70 ;
in the Shimo-Kaize suit, 151 , 152 , 154 , 155
men , 135
meyasu , 335
mibun , 181 , 259 , 263 . See also status
midomo , 205
Mikage-shinden, 103 , 105 , 171 -74, 178 , 252 -53
Mimayose, 20 , 35 , 270 -71
Minami-Oji[*] , 254 n, 261 n
Minamoto, 307
Mino (district), 268
Mino (province), 195 , 202 , 214 -16, 224 , 313 , 328
Miura Kaneyuki, 192
Miyagawa Mitsuru, 11
miyaza , 84 -85, 216
Mizubayashi Takeshi, 90 -92, 101
Mizumoto Kunihiko: on classes, 76 -80, 86 -87;
defines small peasants, 86 -87;
on equalization of tribute, 136 , 137 ;
on historiography, 74 -76, 315 ;
on law, 3 , 37 -58, 197 , 224 , 239 -40;
on peasant uprisings, 89
Mizunomi, 186 -89
mizunomibyakusho[*] . See peasants, tenant
Mochizuki, 12 , 14 , 237
mojin[*] , 256
momiko , 280
Mon, 258 -61, 313
monnami hitomasu , 280
Monoimi no ki , 276
moshioyobazu[*] , 25
Motoori Norinaga, 302 -3, 321 n
mudaka , 85 . See also peasants, landless
mura , 72 .
murahachibu. See ostracism
Murakami, 110
murakata , 122 , 198
murakata sanyaku , 122
murauke , 76 , 77 , 97 , 114
murder, 38 , 39 , 45 , 327
Mure, 265 -67
Muromachi, 287
Mushiage, 269
mushuku. See peasants, non-registered; vagrants
mutilation, 198 , 226 , 328
muyashiki , 77
N
Naganuma, 265
Nagaoka, 98
Nagasaki, 267
Nagase, 261 , 313
nagatazune , 239 , 291 . See also search
Nagatoro, 177
nagaya , 280
Nagayoshi, 263
nago , 87 . See also bond servants
naibun nite , 239
naisai. See conciliation
naisaku , 167
naisho ni , 157
Naito[*] Jiro[*] , 168 , 170 , 179
Nakae Toju[*] , 301 n
Nakane Chie, 127
Nakano: corporate village, 193 , 235 , 236 ;
fief, 108
Nakanojo[*] , 108 , 265
Nakasendo[*] , 19
name register, 91 -92
Naoemon, 36
nayosecho[*] . See name register
Neary, Ian, 248 , 267 , 293
nenbutsu , 208 -9, 211 , 285 n
nengu. See tribute
nengumenjo[*] , 98 , 135
nenguwaritsukejo[*] , 112
nenkihokonin[*] .See servant, indentured
New Pure Land, 284 -85
Niboku, 213 n
Nichiren, 285
night soil, 276 , 341
nigirimeshi , 252
Nikko[*] , 96 , 219 , 287
ninsoku , 95
Niremata, 137 -48
Nishi Honganji, 285
Nishiwaki Yasushi, 136 -37, 145
nobori , 290
Nomura Kentaro[*] , 192
Noto, 279
nyusatsu[*] . See voting
O
Oashi[*] , 179 -83
oaths, 225
Ochiai Nobutaka, 223 , 224 , 229
Oda Nobunaga, 101 -2, 104
Odawara, 281
Office of Finance, 275
Ogaki[*] , 215
Ogoseimaichi, 261 -64, 313
Ogyu[*] Sorai, 109 , 324 , 337 , 346 ;
observes kawata , 300 -301, 304
Ohnuki-Thierney, Emiko, 248
Oide[*] Yukiko, 194 -98, 202 , 214 , 220 , 229
Oishi[*] Hisakata, 44 n, 54
Oishi[*] Shinzaburo[*] , 11 , 122 , 271
Oiwake, 27 , 108 , 122 , 258 -61
Ojin[*] , 307
ojoya[*] . See village, group headman
Okayama, 38 , 267 , 281 , 285 , 299 , 313
Oku, 269 -70
Okudono, 253 , 258 , 289
okurijo[*] . See certificate of leave
Okutama, 113
Omi[*] , 194 , 216 , 233 , 279 , 282 , 293
Omori[*] Hisazaemon, 29
Omotokyo[*] , 276
onbyakusho[*] , 175 . See also tided peasants
onnagata , 343
oracles, 225
ordeal, 250 -34
ore , 205
osabyakusho[*] , 163 . See also rifled peasants
Osaka: hinin , 288 , 295 ;
kawata , 288 ;
population, 295
osamekatawaritsuke , 115
oshikome , 257
Oshio[*] Heihachiro[*] , 254
Oshu[*] , 292
osorenagara , 335
ostracism (murahachibu ), 197 , 216 -21
Osumi[*] , 113
otakamochi[*] , 86
otonabyakusho[*] , 203 . See also titled peasants
Otorisu[*] , 98
otsudo , 335
outcastes: in Hozu, 203 , 206 , 212 ;
jurisdiction of, 44 , 230 ;
regulations (text) for, 374 -76;
as tenants, 212 -13;
like titled peasants, 177 , 206 ;
in village laws, 25 , 200 . See also eta ; kawata
oya(bun ), 157 , 159 . See also house, main (patron)
Ozaki Yukiya: career, 11 -12;
on Kodaira, 163 , 166 ;
on Makibuse, 28 , 51 , 66 ;
on mixed marriages, 278 ;
on Oashi[*] , 179 ;
on Oiwake, 260
Ozawa[*] , 255 , 271
P
patron, 31 . See also house, main (patron)
peasants: independent, 76 , 92 ;
landless (mudaka ), 25 , 59 , 81 , 85 -86, 114 , 136 n;
loans from, 209 -10, 218 ;
non-
registered (mushuku ), 218 , 220 ;
protest, 2 , 76 , 78 , 125 , 209 , 277 ;
representative, 110 , 121 -24, 171 ;
tenant (mizunomibyakusho[*] ), 25 , 57 , 81 , 85 -86, 114 , 136 n. See also small peasants; tided peasants
pedigree, 180 -83, 255 , 301
petitions, 8 -9
Plato, 265
pollution, 244 , 245 , 300 , 310 -11;
and Buddhism, 247 , 272 -73;
and carpenters, 274 ;
and the law, 274 ;
logic of, 276 ;
and occupations, 247 , 256 , 272 -75, 278 , 279 , 282 , 303 , 309 ;
and rice, 276 ;
and sharing fire, 300 ;
and Shinto, 246 -47, 272 -73, 276 , 277 ;
status, 259 -60;
strategic use, 274 -75;
suspension of, 250 , 252 , 260 -61, 272 ;
taboos, 276 . See also discrimination
population register, 12 -18, 72 ;
co-resident on, 24 , 26
posthumous names, 283 -84
power: coercive, 330 ;
colonial, 89 -90, 322 ;
dogo[*] , 94 -95, 97 -101;
and lineages, 170 , 180 -83;
Tokugawa, 319 -26;
in villages, 68 -70, 80 , 89 , 100 , 124
prescription: cultural, 343 -44;
and description, 310 , 344
prison, 109 , 332
productivity, 199
prohibitions, 338
prostitution, 260 -61, 274 , 301
punishments, 263 ;
differential, 286 , 326 -28. See also banishment; beheading; confiscation; death penalty; disinheritance; domiciliary confinement; executions; exposure; fines; mutilation; ostracism
Pure Land, 222
R
racism: and Buddhism, 304 ;
and Confucianism, 302 ;
and kawata , 245 -48, 274 , 286 , 292 ;
and Nativism, 302 -3, 305 ;
and the state, 246 ;
and status, 244 , 286 ;
theoretical, 243
rakushogisho[*] , 225
reason, 68
reform, and kawata , 266 , 288 , 289 . See also specific reforms
responsibility (liability), 237 , 238
retirement, 53
retribution, 35 , 39 , 64 -65
Rihei, 19 , 30 , 49 , 52 , 57 -62
Rinsai, 285
Risaemon, 180 -82
Ritsuryo[*] , 316 , 317 , 319
Rokkaku, 101
Rokuemon, 15 , 17 , 28 , 29 , 33 , 34 , 41 , 64
Rokuzaemon, 221
ronin[*] , 31 , 45 , 80 , 325
rural magnates. See dogo[*]
ryomin[*] , 247 , 305
ryomyo[*] , 212
S
sabetsu , 286
Sadaemon, 263
Saito[*] Yoshiyuki, 97 -100
Sajihei, 167
Sakai, 95 , 96
Sakai Uji, 122
sankinkotai[*] , as military exercise, 96
Sasaemon, 217 , 218
Sasaki Junnosuke, 76
Sassa Narimasa, 101
Sato[*] Naokata, 345 -46
Sayama, 269
seals, 46
search, 46 -48, 223 , 224 , 239
seasonal employment, 59
segregation, 277 , 286 , 288 -92;
infringement of, 287 . See also kawata , legislation for
Seidan (Ogyu[*] Sorai), 301
Seigoro[*] , 223 , 229
Seijiro[*] , 218 , 219
seishi o koto ni su , 304
self-defense, 42 , 43
sendara , 284 , 304 , 306
Sengoku, 108
Senior Council, 332 , 337
senmin , 247 , 256 , 278 , 298
Senshu[*] Fujiatsu, 308 -9, 345 -46
sentencing, 263 , 270 , 286 , 332
seppuku , 325
servants: hokonin[*] , 26 -27, 59 , 183 ;
indentured (nenkihokonin[*] ), 20 , 23 , 25 , 57 , 149 , 167 ;
kawata as, 277 . See also bond servants
Seta Katsuya, 225
setta. See leather, sandals
Settsu, 216
sexuality, 343
shares (kabu ), 134 , 144 , 168
Shibuzome ikki, 267 n
Shiga, 258 -61
Shige'emon, 151 -54, 157 -60
Shigeshichi, 218
shibi , 300
shijin , 300
shikitari yaburi , 196
shiku , 278
Shimabara, 95
Shimoda, 311
Shimogata, 14 , 16
Shimo-Ifuku, 268
Shimo-Kaize, 150 , 175
Shimo-Kawarabayashi, 82 , 84
Shimo-Okamoto, 98 , 101
Shimo-Sakurai, 18 n, 198 , 200
Shimo-Wana, 249 -52
shindenmura , 78
Shin'emon, 47 , 151 -52, 154 -55, 159 , 160
Shingon, 285
shinheimin , 307
shinkoku no fuzoku[*] , zehi nashi , 300
Shinran, 285
shinshimin , 246
shinsho[*] , 199
shinson , 305
Shinto: and discrimination, 246 -47, 272 -73, 276 -77, 310 ;
and miyaza , 84 -85;
and oaths, 225 ;
and ordeals, 230 -33;
and surnames, 133 ;
in village laws, 25
Shinzaemon, 35 , 36 , 40 , 53 n, 64
Shinzo[*] : death of, 35 , 36 , 42 ;
and decline of his lineage, 62 ;
disappears, 24 , 28 -29;
disinheritance of, 40 -41, 45 -49;
in Edo, 59 ;
sells his land, 50
Shionada, 252
Shiosawa-shinden, 103
shirazu , 335
Shiroemon[*] , 151 , 153 -55, 159
shishimai , 256
shizai , 39
shoen[*] , 75
Shohyoe[*] , 221
shoshin[*] , 199
shoya[*] . See village, headman
shozokudanteki kyogyotai[*] . See village, cooperative
shumon[*]aratamecho[*] , 13 . See also population register
small peasants (kobyakusho[*] ): in cooperative villages, 186 -89;
and decision making, 112 , 114 , 115 , 119 , 121 , 123 -24, 135 ;
defined, 79 , 86 -87;
and early Tokugawa policy, 76 , 89 , 91 -92, 137 , 145 , 168 -69;
in Hozu, 207 -8;
in Kodaira, 161 -76;
in Niremata, 137 -48;
as peasant. representatives, 123 -24;
suits by, 79 , 98 . See also legislation, on access to information; peasants, non-registered; peasants, tenant
Smith, Thomas C.: Agrarian Origins of Modern Japan , 2 , 74 , 144 ;
on class and status, 125 , 126 , 134 n;
on endogamy, 21 ;
on kinship, 147 n, 190 n;
on peasant hierarchies, 144 , 148 ;
on tribute allocation, 74 ;
on village politics, 2
so[*] . See village, corporate
sobyakusho[*] , 79
sobyakusho[*]nokorazu , 115
sobyakushodai[*] . See peasants, representative
sodanfuda[*] , 225
soinaku[*] , 26
sojo[*] , 335
Sominshorai[*] , 307
Sotaro[*] , 237
Soto[*] , 284 , 285
souke[*] , 135
status: demotion, 178 , 278 , 334 ;
groups, 4 ;
hierarchy, 132 , 148 -50, 175 -76, 189 -90, 280 , 283 n, 310 ;
legislation, 132 , 201 -2, 317 , 327 ;
mobility, 164 -68, 183 -84, 188 -89;
nonstatus groups, 243 ;
norms, 310 ;
privileges, 132 , 214 -15;
regulations, 102 , 126 , 205 ;
sartorial prescriptions, 177 -78, 199 -201;
system, 5 -6, 309 -10, 341 -42. See also class, and status; eta ; hinin ; pollution, status; titled peasants
Steenstrup, Carl, 222
Sugaura, 193
Sugito, 217
suit inn (kujiyado ), 219 , 332 -33
suits: hierarchy, 34 , 45 , 334 ;
money, 334 ;
qualification for, 34
sujo[*] , 301 , 304
sukego. See corvée, portage
sumaki , 230 n
Sunpu, 281
superintendent of finances, 196 , 286 , 297
surnames, 132 -33
Suruga, 105
Suwa, 276
Suzaku, 307
Suzuki Shosan[*] , 337
Sword Hunt Edict, 102 , 127
T
Tahee, 258
Taika Reform, 247
taka , 79 , 81
Takada, 239
Takagi Shosaku[*] , 93 -96, 320 n, 321 n
Takai, 59 n
Takasaki, 253 n
takawari , 134
Takayama, 285
Takeda, 279
Takeda Shingen, 104 , 107 , 279
Takejiro[*] , 217 , 218 , 220
Tamada Naganori, 305
tameshimono , 39
Tanba, 202 , 215 , 279
Tani Shinzan, 297
Tanoguchi, 108 , 177 , 253 , 258 , 313
tanomoshiko[*] , 236
Tanuma Okitsugu, 296 -97
tanwari , 134
Taroshichi[*] , 180 -82
tatari. See curse
Tateishi, 85 n
tatemae : and conciliation, 347 ;
defined, 170 ;
and Family Registration Law, 330 ;
and goningumi expansion, 181 ;
and justice, 263 ;
and kawata emancipation, 307 ;
and land partitioning, 54 , 170 ;
law as, 239 -41;
and registration entries, 171
Tatsugoro[*] , 261 -64
taue , 153
Tayasu Munetake, 345
tedai. See intendant, assistant
tega , 278 , 280 , 297
tenant. See peasants, tenant
Tendai, 285
Tenjinbayashi, 166 n
tenka dai ichi no gohatto , 238
Tenpo Reform, 289
Terajima Ryoan[*] , 304
Teraki Nobuaki, 285 , 287
tetsuki , 108
theft: cases of, 221 , 225 -26, 228 , 239 -40;
and crime voting, 223 , 224 , 228 , 229 ;
investigating, 224 ;
and kawata police, 253 ;
punishment for, 38 , 226 , 229 ;
reporting, 196 , 228 , 234
titled peasants: branch houses as, 54 ;
characteristics, 54 , 76 -77, 81 -82, 86 -87, 144 -45, 161 -62, 168 ;
in Gorobe-shinden, 169 -70;
in Hozu, 203 -16;
in Kami-Kawarabayashi, 82 -85;
in Kasuga-shinden, 178 ;
kawata as, 268 ;
in Kodaira, 163 -76;
limitations on number of, 54 , 163 , 189 ;
and lineage heads, 25 , 31 ;
in Makibuse, 26 , 55 -56, 60 ;
in Mino region, 214 -15;
in Nagatoro, 177 ;
in Niremata, 144 -48;
as peasant
titled peasants (continued ) representatives, 121 -24;
qualifications for, 161 -62, 184 -85;
and taka holdings, 81 -82;
in Tanoguchi, 177 -78;
terminology, 93 n;
transmission of title, 54 , 60 , 184 ;
and village leadership, 25 , 31 , 86 -87
todai , 140 n
tojime , 257 n
toko , 285 n
Tokubei, 150 -53, 155 , 158
Tokugawa domain, 106 -9
Tokugawa Ieyasu, 80 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 205 , 345
Tokugawa Jikki , 298
Tokugawa seiken hyakkajo[*] , 299
Tokuzaemon, 151 -52, 154 -55, 159 -60
Tomikura, 228
torture, 229 , 236 , 330 , 331
Tosa, 290
toshiyori. See elders
Tosho, 218
toto , 205
toto[*] , 238
Toyota, 97 , 106 , 293
Toyotomi Hideyoshi: as brigand, 345 ;
establishes goningumi , 80 ;
land survey of, 91 -93, 110 -11, 281 ;
political power of, 320 -21;
rural policy of, 74 -76, 91 -93, 105 ;
separating peasants and samurai, 102 , 106 -7;
and status legislation, 126
Tribunal (hyojosho[*] ), 286 , 332 , 337
tribute (nengu ), 49 n, 81 , 117 ;
calculation, 112 -16, 120 -21;
equalization, 135 -42;
payers, 87 -89;
producers, 87 -88. See also bumai ; busen ; corvée
tsubo , defined, 156
tsuguru naki , 299
tsuiho[*] . See banishment
Tsunazawa, 231
tsurawari , 134
Tsuyama, 132
U
uchi , 155 , 162
Uchitsuneishi, 188
uchizuke , 162
Ueda, 169 , 171 , 279 , 280 , 295 -96
Uesugi, 104
Uesugi Mitsuhiko, 194 -95
Uheiji, 36 , 65
ujigami , 214
ukeru , 235
uklad, 75 n
Umaji, 208 , 211 , 212 , 296
Umanosuke, 151 -60
unfiliality, 200 , 341
untouchables, 284
Upham, Frank, 245 , 249 n
Utsunomiya, 98
Utsunoya, 300
V
vagrants, 109 n, 220 , 253
vendetta, 224 , 228 , 242 , 324 -25
verdicts, 236 , 263 , 334 -45, 339 ;
and apologies, 65 ;
asymmetrical, 263 ;
and ordeals, 230 , 231 , 234 ;
and settlements, 330 , 331 , 334 ;
standardization of, 331 -32.
village: autonomy, 7 , 70 , 192 ;
budget, 87 , 116 -21, 123 ;
codes, 7 , 192 -202, 328 -29;
codes in Hozu: 204 -5, 207 , 209 ;
codes in Mino, 214 -15;
cooperative, 185 -89;
corporate, 75 , 78 -89, 119 , 193 ;
elite in early Tokugawa, 78 -80, 86 , 89 , 202 ;
governance, 7 -8, 179 ;
group headman, 7 , 103 , 105 -6, 108 , 110 , 239 ;
headman, 7 , 8 , 76 , 108 , 119 ;
headmen punished, 120 ;
headmen sued, 79 , 82 ., 97 -101;
historiography, 72 -77;
justice, 196 ;
laws, 7 , 8 , 13 , 292 -202.;
lawsuits discouraged, 33 ;
leagues, 195 , 229 -30;
and lords, 6 -8;
newly developed, 78 ;
office, 60 -61;
as recorded in cadasters, 77 -78;
samurai, 197 , 203 -16;
solidarity, 124 -25;
types of, 185 , 215 -16. See also buraku ; community; harmony; specific villages
violence, symbolic, 326 . See also power, coercive
Vlastos, Stephen, 125 , 127
voting (irefuda ), 221 -30
W
Wada, 23
wagamama , 151 , 174 , 374
Wakasa, 216
wakibyakusho[*] , 214
Walthall, Anne, 11 , 29 n, 126 , 229 , 254 n, 344
wariban , 107
Watanabe buraku, 261 n, 280 n, 295
Weber, Max: on class and status, 128 -29, 131 , 133 , 201 ;
on labor, 109 ;
on law and justice, 318 -19, 330
White, James, 100 , 347
Wittgenstein, 150
women, 14 , 69 -70, 208 , 260 -61, 343 , 344 -45. See also Ken; Mon
world-making, 88 , 323 , 347 , 348
Y
Yaehara-shinden, 105
Yaemon, 153
Yahei, 157
yaku. See corvée
yakunin , 283
yakuya , 76 , 134
yamabushi , 25 , 256 , 288 , 356 , 357 , 359
Yamagata Shunan[*] , 41
Yamamoto Yukitoshi, 231 -33
Yamazaki Ansai, 199 -20
Yanagisawa, 271
yashiki , 76 , 256
yashikibiki , 163
Yata, 258
Yawata, 19 , 35
Yayoi, 149 , 273 n
yogore daiku , 274
Yohachi, 15 , 28 , 29
Yojiro[*] , 255
Yokaichi[*] , 269
Yokomi, 249 , 250
Yomase, 59 n
Yoshino, 216
Z
zato[*] , 256 ; nakama , 230 n
Zenkoji[*] , 64 , 68
Zenzaemon, 153 , 158
zohyo[*] , 96