P

paideia, 140 , 143 , 267

palindromes, 164

Pan, 239

Panaetius, 17 , 21 , 330 ff.

and decorum, 346

on courage, 344

Pancrates, 160

Paradise, fall from, 127

Parmenides, 139

Paros, 285

Parthenius, 151

pattern poems, 164

Pausanias, portrait of, 204

Pella, 141 , 159 , 266

Penelope, 148

Pergamum, 156 , 159 , 276 , 278

Altar of Zeus, 170 , 240

library, 155 , 161

periodization of Greek literature, 131 , 174

Phaeacia, 127

Phaedrus of Sphettus, 14

Phaleron, 259

Phanoclcs, and Hesiod, 161

pharaoh, 25 , 38 f., 70 , 121

Alexander as, 60

and renewal, 83

and ritual, 122

and warfare, 95

as avenger, 64

son of god, 45 , 58

Pharnaces I, 11

Pharos (lighthouse), 143

Phigalia, 276

"Philadelphus," 61

Philae, 78

philanthropa decrees, 36 , 42 , 67 f., 71 , 114

Philemon, 182 , 314 , 323

Philetaerus of Pergamum, 18 , 209

Philicus, 156 f., 165

Hymn to Demeter , 144

Philip II, 8 , 22 , 44 , 141 , 238 , 282

Philip V, 7 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 118 , 282

Philiscus of Rhodes, 237

Philiras of Cos, 146

tutor to Philadelphus, 142

Philo, 154 , 160

Philochorus, 162

Philodemus, 189

philodoxia, 16

philologos, 156

"Philometor," 64

Philohides, 156

"Philopator," 54

"Philopatores," 63

Philopoemen, 282

philosophos, 156

Philotera, 111

Phoenix of Colophon, 157 , 167

Pindar, 161 , 241

and myths, 162

historical allusions in, 162

portrait of, 204

Piraeus, 252

Pitana, 276

Pithom, 73 , 74

Pithom Stele, 51 f, 71 ff.

plagiarism, 161

Plato, 140 , 157 , 161 f., 241 , 356

and Apollo, 319

birth of, 319

idealization of, 320

portrait of, 204

Pleiad, tragic, 144

pluralism, 129 , 179

Plutarch, 316 , 330 , 331 , 334 , 347 , 348 , 366

poetae novi, 183

polis

and royal authority, 6

Aristotle on, 268

autonomy of, 268 ff.

loans and assistance between poleis, 276 f.

relations between city-states, 274 ff., 284

poll tax, 35

Polybius, 159 , 162

Polycrates, 156 , 284

Polyeuctus, 217 , 235

polymathy, 163

portrait statues, honorific, 202

portrait style

grooming in, 205

idealism in, 210

nakedness in, 210 , 240

realism in, 210

portraits

aegis as divine attribute in, 207

animal horns as divine attribute in, 207

evolution of style in, 203 , 204

priestesses of Demeter in, 226

rulers and youthfulness in, 208

style and realism in, 203

themes and attributes expressed in aidos, 221

arete (shield), 221

athletic, 210

athletic training, 220

beauty and wealth, 225

contempt for external appearance, 204

dignity, 223

divinity, 207

education, 218

ethical stance, 221

executive ability, 205

feminine virtue and obedience, 222

grooming, 205

heroic, 208

homogeneity, 205

ideal proportions, 215

inner vitality, 205

intellectual, 219

intellectual training, 220

introspection, 206

male authority, 219

nudity, 209 , 210

philosophy, 219

prosperity, 224

pudicitia, 222

restraint, 216

royal power, 207

sophrosyne, 216

thoughtfulness, 204 , 219

toilette, 222

youthfulness, 209

Poseidon, 207 , 239 , 260

Posidippus, 143 , 158

Posidonius, 153 , 154 , 159

praise literature

Hellenistic monarchs, as ancient heroes, 148

mirror for princes, 4 , 147

Praxiteles, 233 , 239

Priene, 12 , 277 , 278 , 279

priests, 31 , 35 , 39 , 43

proedria, 273 , 277 , 285

Protagoras, 161 , 241

Ptah, 60

Ptolcmaia, 280

"Ptolemaioi," 30

Ptolemaïs, 51 , 56 , 57 , 144

Ptolemaeus and Apollonius, sons of Glaucias, 37 , 158

Ptolemy I Soter, 15 , 44 , 46 , 50 , 54 , 57 , 71 f., 74 , 77 , 141 , 149 , 261 , 280

and eagle of Zeus, 45

and Zeus, 51

Ptolemy I Soter (continued )

brother of Alexander, 45

coronation of, 73 , 78

cult of in Ptolemaïs, 57

divine paternity of, 44

exposure at birth of, 44

portrait of, 209

Ptolemy II Philadelphus, 15 , 19 , 44 , 51 , 93 , 149 , 156 , 280

accession and coronation of, 73

birthday of, 74 , 78

coronation of, 79

defeat of Celts by, 83

Ptolemy III Euergetes, 16 , 52 , 73 , 78 , 93

coronaion of, 75 , 79

Ptolemy IV Philopator, 13 , 56 , 63 , 75

coronation of, 79

Ptolemy V Epiphanes, 48 , 58

and Amun-Re, 65

birthday of, 75 , 79

child-king, as Horus, 79

coronation of, 65 , 71 , 75 , 77

Ptolemy VI Philometor, 57 , 64

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, 55 . 155

Ptolemy IX Soter II, 55

Ptolemy X Alexander, 55

Ptolemy Ceraunus, 99

Pyrrho, 305 , 327

Python

Agen , 177