General Index

A

abstraction, 243 , 293 , 304 , 319

acceleration, 219 n16, 222 –23

Aeschines, 72 n83

aether, 113 , 117 n38, 194 n85, 240 n98, 314 n98

air, 16 , 95 n159, 113 , 118 n43, 152 , 192 –93, 197 , 218 n10, 226 –27, 256 n144, 314

alchemy, 79 n106, 253 n132

Alexander of Aphrodisias, 223 n27

alphabet, 71 , 74

ambiguity, 173 n4, 184 n38, 190 , 195 , 198

Amenemhet, 57 n25

analogy, 179 , 181 –82, 186 –89, 207 , 213 , 227 , 262 , 283 , 301 n59, 323 ;

proportional, 198 –99, 201 , 203

anatomy, 46 n160, 106 n202, 117 , 121 n57, 124 , 159 , 164 –67, 206 –7, 324 –27, 334 –35

Anaxagoras, 92 n152, 101 –2, 113 , 152 , 179 –80, 271 n193, 299 n52

Anaximander, 52 n7, 288 –89

Anaximenes, 249 n120, 288

anthropomorphism, 176 –79, 209

Antiphon (orator), 60 n39, 92 –93n152

Antiphon (sophist), 31 n96, 77 n103, 92 –93n152

ape, 325

Apollo, 12 , 17 –18, 43 n143

Apollonius, 40 n125, 304 n73, 313 n95

appearances, 163 , 168 , 169 n239, 242 n100. See also phenomena, saving the

approximations, 239 , 292 , 315

Archigenes, 283 n229

Archilochus, 58 , 86 n130, 331 n148

Archimedes, 47 , 52 , 77 , 78 n104, 147 n156, 216 , 238 nn.86, 89, 249 –50, 292 n23, 301 –3, 308 , 311 , 335

Archytas, 52 , 76 n98, 78 n103, 243 n107, 294 n35

Aristarchus, 308 –13

Aristides, Aelius, 90 n144

Ariston, 170 n240

Aristophanes, 49 n163, 58 n30, 92 n152, 280 n218, 333

Aristotle, 46 , 54 , 81 –82, 85 n123, 90 n145, 98 , 104 –5, 154 –55, 160 n208, 168 n236, 205 nn.120–24, 206 n127, 227 , 230 n53, 231 , 244 n110, 250 n121, 257 nn.150–51, 272 , 275 –76, 287 –89, 299 n53, 300 n54, 313 n95, 320 n111;

on death, 8 ;

on demonstration, 141 , 143 –47, 184 , 200 , 210 , 213 –14;

dialectic, 202 , 210 , 214 ;

on dreams, 32 –34, 37 ;

element theory, 151 n169, 194 –97, 229 –30, 247 n117;

logic, 102 n186, 140 –48, 182 , 184 , 190 –92, 198 –203, 210 –14;

mathematics, 291 –93;

on metaphor, 173 –74, 183 –87, 209 –14;

movement, theory of, 157 n198, 191 –94, 217 –25, 289 , 303 ;

on nature, 187 –90;

physics, 140 , 143 –47, 191 –97, 291 –93;

teleology, 48 n161, 188 –89, 321 –24, 328 ;

zoology, 46 , 143 , 196 –97, 206 n125, 322 –25

Aristoxenus, 77 n102, 206 n126, 243 n102, 244 , 273 , 296 –98, 329 n145

Aristyllus, 235

Artemidorus, 32 , 79 n106, 100 n180

Asclepiades, 162 n218, 270 nn.190–91

Asclepius, 89 , 128 , 134 . See also temple medicine

assemblies, 79 , 81 n110, 87 , 89 n143, 97 , 103 –4

astrology, 43 –46, 79 n106, 207 –8, 280 n220, 332

astronomy, 40 , 43 –46, 48 n161, 53 –54, 92 n152, 94 n154, 108 , 145 , 149 , 169 n239, 170 n240, 194 , 207 , 225 n35, 234 –41, 244 nn.109–10, 246 n113, 273 –74, 279 n217, 280 –81, 293 –95, 304 –19, 329 n146, 331 , 333

atheists, 48 –49, 333 . See also impiety

Athens, 72 n83, 79 –80, 81 nn.110–11, 97 , 102 , 104 n195

athletes, 83 , 86 , 90

atomism, 33 n99, 113 , 136 –37, 139 –40, 169 n239, 191 n69, 193 n80, 217 , 226 –27, 280 , 303 n70, 320 n109

audience, 87 –90, 93 , 95 –102, 114 , 131 –34, 335

authority, 48 , 54 –55, 70 , 88 –89, 104 –6, 108 , 239

Autolycus, 304 , 313

axioms, 75 n96, 144 –47, 169 , 245 n111, 330

B

Babylonians, 52 n7, 53 –54, 56 –57, 71 , 73 –74, 77 , 87 , 102 , 108 , 225 n35, 235 , 246 n113, 313 n95

Bascom, W., 110

becoming, 97 , 136 –40, 180

being, 136 , 140 , 191 , 198

Bessel, 308

Bias, 84 n121, 86 n127

Bible, 107

bile, 14 , 26 –28, 29 –30n89, 95 n159, 99 , 117 nn.35–36, 118 n43, 119 –20, 122 , 129 , 204 , 270 n190, 321 n111, 327

blood, 29 n89, 95 n159, 118 –20, 201 n107, 205 , 323

blood-vascular system, 26 , 160 , 166 –67, 187 –89, 256 , 323 , 326 –27

bluff, 15 , 28 , 109 , 154 , 335

Boas, F., 110

botany, 143 –46, 151 –55, 201 n107

brain, 26 , 166

C

Caelius Aurelianus, 25 –26, 161 n211, 270 nn.190–91

Callippus, 304 , 313 n95

case-histories, 16 –18, 22 –25, 55 , 57 n26, 62 –63, 124 –27, 255 , 267

categories, 230 , 247 n117

catoptrics, 299 –301

causes, 8 , 11 –18, 26 –28, 34 , 38 n122, 46 n160, 90 n144, 137 –38, 143 n146, 145 n152, 159 –61, 168 , 169 n239, 188 , 196 n91, 270 , 287 , 290 , 320 –21, 322 n115, 324 n125. See also forms

cauterisation, 19 , 90 n144, 125 , 127

Cavalieri, 147 n156

Celsus, 25 –26, 106 n203, 125 n69, 159 –61, 163 –64, 251 –52, 270 n191

character, 28 –30n89

Childe, Gordon, 51

China, 281 n223

Christianity, 107 , 211

Cicero, 44 n148

Cleomedes, 207 n131, 231 –32, 307

clepsydra, 57 n25, 284 . See also water clock

colour, 276 n210

combustion, 229 , 253 n132

commentaries, 105 –7

comparison, 182 , 186 –90, 200

competition, 42 , 58 –59, 85 –91, 95 , 97 –101, 103 , 108 , 131 , 211 , 214

concoction, 160 , 184 , 190 n66, 204 –6, 208 , 321 n112

concords, 241 , 243 , 260 , 276 –77, 283 –84, 295 –98

conjecture, 43 , 162 , 242 n101, 251 n127, 254 n136

Copernicus, 309 , 315 n99

Corax, 92 n152

cosmology, 81 , 87 –88, 101 –2, 113 , 135 –40, 179 –81, 210 , 276 n210, 286 –87, 288 n8, 320 , 333

counter-earth, 289 n12

counting, 216 , 234 n68, 242 nn.100–101, 257 –70, 282

Craftsman, 48 n161, 136 –38, 140 , 188 . See also Demiurge

Crete, 79 n107

crisis, 16 –18, 22 , 254 n136, 257 , 264 –70, 280

criterion, 15 n46, 160 , 168 , 252 n127, 272 n199

Critias, 49 n163

Ctesibius, 225 –26

Cyrenaics, 170 n240

D

death, 4 , 6 –11, 13 , 15 , 175 n9, 176

debate, 87 , 90 , 94 –95, 99 , 102 , 108

definitions, 62 , 76 –77, 114 , 130 , 135 , 144 –46, 181 , 184 –85, 187 , 190 –202, 214 , 291 , 292 n21

deformities, 323 –24, 328

Delphi, 43 n143, 83 n117, 86 n134

Demiurge, 136 , 320 –21. See also Craftsman

democracy, 79

Democritus, 18 n56, 33 n99, 49 n163, 78 n104, 101 , 113 , 191 n69, 192 n70, 193 n80, 226 –27, 271 n193, 288 n7, 299 n52

demonstration, 60 , 74 –78, 114 , 117 n38, 118 –19, 129 , 141 , 143 –48, 181 –82, 184 , 187 , 200 –202, 210 , 213 –14, 240 n98, 331 n51

dense/rare, 191 , 218 –19, 224 –25, 247 n117, 248 , 250 n121, 303

determinism, 38 –39

Detienne, M., 172

dialectic, 93 n152, 138 n126, 183 , 186 n49, 202 , 210 , 214

diet, 16 n49, 19 –20, 28 , 66 , 128 . See also regimen

Dinostratus, 76 n98, 78 n103

Diodorus Siculus, 54 –55

Diogenes Laertius, 52 n7, 101 , 105 n200

Diogenes of Apollonia, 60 , 86 n134, 179

Diogenes the Cynic, 35 n110, 97 n166, 101 n182

dioptrics, 299 n52, 311 n89

Dioscorides, 251 n127

disease, 4 , 7 , 11 –28, 31 , 35 –36, 39 , 41 , 110 –17, 122 , 176 , 195 , 203 –4

dissection, 42 n141, 89 n143, 163 –67, 170 , 206 n127, 325 , 334 –35

divination, 4 , 21 , 38 , 41 –46, 48 , 110 , 112 n13, 184 n38, 334

Dodds, E. R., 1 –2, 21

Dogmatist medical sect, 158 –63, 165 , 168 –70

doxographers, 112

dreams, 4 , 29 –38, 91 n146, 100 n180, 175 –76

drugs, 19 , 99 , 119 , 127 , 250 –54, 266 , 281 –82

Duhem, P., 285 , 312 –13

dynamics, 216 –26, 281 , 303

E

earth, 35 , 95 n159, 113 , 118 n43, 137 n121, 150 , 192 –94, 197 , 217 –18, 226 –27, 287 –89;

size of, 231 –34, 307 –8, 310 n86, 332

eclipse, 49 n163, 52 n7, 145 , 169 n239, 194 , 234 n68, 237 , 289 n12, 310 n86, 331 , 333

education, 91 –93, 214 n144, 243 , 331

egotism, 58 –70, 77 , 108 , 114

Egypt, 52 –57, 71 –74, 77 , 102 , 108 , 111 –12, 232 n62, 250 n126, 259 n158, 313 n95

elements, mathematical, 75 –76

element theory, 15 , 91 , 95 , 113 , 117 n38, 139 , 147 , 150 –51, 162 , 191 –92, 195 , 226 –30, 253 , 280 –81

embryology, 117 n38, 147 , 187 , 199 , 205 , 259 –60, 280 , 326 –27

Empedocles, 22 n69, 32 –33n99, 43 n143, 66 , 93 nn.152–53, 100 –101, 113 , 179 –80, 183 –84, 191 n69, 210 n136, 229 , 253 , 271 n193, 300 n54

Empiricist medicine, 158 –65, 167 , 255 n143

encyclopedias, 332 n152

Enuma Elis, 287 n3

Epicureans, 9 n24, 12 n31, 31 n94, 38 –39n122, 49 n163, 168 –69n239, 193 n80, 227 n40, 230 n53, 272 , 300 nn.54, 57, 303 n70, 333

epicycle-eccentric model, 44 n149, 239 –40, 304 n73, 315 –17

epideixis , 61 , 89 n143, 90 n145, 94 –96, 99 , 114 –17, 131 , 133

epilepsy, 12 , 24 n73, 27 –28, 270 n191

Epimenides, 52 n7, 84

epistemology, 47 n161, 113 , 135 , 168 –69, 241 , 271 –78, 296 –98

equant, 305

Erasistratus, 126 n74, 158 , 160 n208, 162 n218, 163 , 255 , 256 n144, 273 , 325 n126, 326 n134

Eratosthenes, 231 –34, 236 n76

essence, 191 , 196 n91, 198 , 290 –91, 321 n111

Euclid, 76 , 146 –47, 244 –45, 298 , 300 –301, 307

Eudemus, 293 n27

Eudoxus, 40 n125, 76 n98, 78 nn.103–4, 235 , 304 , 312 , 313 n95

Euripides, 47 n161, 58 n30, 331 , 333 n159

evidence, 80 n109, 118 –19, 123 , 263 –64, 335

exactness, 41 –42, 45 –46, 210 , 215 –84. See also inexactness

experience, 68 –69, 111 , 127 , 160 , 163 , 202 n110

experiment, thought, 192 , 246

explanation, 28 , 32 –33, 138 –39n126, 142 –46, 149 , 156 , 168 –69n239, 178 , 285 –91, 322

F

fate, 4 , 38 , 175 n9, 176

fees, 92 –93n152, 96

Feyerabend, P., 98

Finnegan, R., 52

fire, 16 , 95 n159, 113 , 117 n39, 118 n43, 137 n121, 150 –51, 192 –93, 197 , 203 , 217 –18, 226 –30, 289 n12

forms:

Platonic, 44 n149, 137 , 139 n126, 170 n240, 184 , 271 n194, 291 ;

in Aristotle, 46 n160, 188 , 196 n91, 199 , 322 n115

free speech, 81 , 102

Freud, S., 32

G

Galen, 29 n89, 30 –31, 42 , 46 , 48 nn.161–62, 69 n75, 89 n143, 100 n179, 105 –6, 131 n107, 147 , 148 n159, 159 , 161 , 165 –67, 212 , 213 n143, 228 , 251 n127, 252 , 254 n136, 256 –57, 270 nn.189, 191, 280 , 282 –84, 324 –27, 331 n151, 332 n155, 334 –35

Galileo, 215 –16, 226

games, Pan-Hellenic, 90 –91, 96 –98

Geminus, 76 n101, 207 n131

genethlialogy, 44 , 46 . See also horoscopes

geocentricity, 193 –94, 288 –89, 304 –5, 308

geophysics, 231 –34, 273

gods, 8 –9, 12 , 17 –18, 23 n73, 27 –28, 30 –31, 33 –35, 37 , 48 –49, 51 , 57 n26, 58 n27, 60 –61, 88 , 90 n144, 107 , 113 , 137 , 140 , 169 n239, 176 –79, 181 n29, 209 , 287 , 299 n52, 320

Gomperz, T., 95

good, 46 , 137 , 140 , 150 , 188 , 199 n98, 242 nn.100–101, 258 , 276 , 290 –91, 320 –22, 327 –29

Goody, J., 52 , 71 –74, 106

Gorgias, 91 , 93 nn.152, 153, 96 –97, 101 n184, 103 –4

gravity, specific, 250

H

harmonics, 77 n102, 206 n126, 241 –44, 273 , 274 n203, 276 –77, 280 , 293 n24, 294 n35, 295 –98, 329

Harrison, J., 1

Harvey, W., 256

Havelock, E. A., 71

heart, 166 , 256 , 323 , 326 –27, 335

heavy/light, 191 –94, 198 , 217 –19, 224 , 247 –50

Hecataeus, 59 n32, 61

Heisenberg, W., 136

heliocentricity, 308 , 314

Hempel, C. G., 227

Heraclides, 304 n73

Heraclitus, 32 n99, 43 n143, 47 n161, 59 –61, 86 , 179 –80, 271 n193

Herodicus, 19 , 93 n153

Herodotus, 23 –24n73, 47 n161, 54 , 56 , 59 n32, 101 n182, 124 n67, 280 n218

heroes, 8 , 35 , 51

Hero of Alexandria, 227 –28, 234 n68, 253 n130, 299 n52

Herophilus, 31 –32, 158 , 160 n208, 162 n218, 163 , 207 n128, 212 , 282 –84

Hesiod, 8 –9, 45 , 58 , 60 –61, 85 , 92 n152, 93 n153, 258

Hipparchus, 40 n125, 43 , 106 , 223 n27, 232 n63, 235 –40, 273 , 310 n86, 317 , 331 n151

Hippasus, 78 n106, 277 n212, 296 n40

Hippias, 77 –78n103, 89 n143, 91 –96, 101 n184

Hippocrates of Chios, 75 n96, 76 , 77 –78n103

Hippocrates of Cos, 33 n100, 92 n152, 105 –7, 158 , 270 n191

Hippocratic writers, 8 , 13 –32, 34 –37, 39 –42, 61 –69, 71 , 78 n106, 88 –90, 93 –100, 104 , 114 –35, 143 , 168 , 203 –5, 248 –49, 250 –55, 257 , 259 –70, 290

Hippodamus, 82 n114

history, 59 n32, 97 , 124 n67, 330 n147

hodometer, 234 n68

Homer, 7 , 12 , 18 n56, 40 , 58 , 60 , 85 n124, 86 , 92 n152, 93 n153, 110 n7, 177 –78, 184 n38

homonymy, 173 n4, 185 n44, 198 –201

horoscopes, 46 , 280

hot/cold, 8 , 14 –15, 27 –28, 99 n175, 117 n36, 120 , 138 n126, 159 , 162 , 190 n66, 194 –98, 202 n107, 203 , 214 , 221 –22, 226 –30, 247 –48, 280

Huizinga, J., 96 , 98

humans, 196 –97, 320 , 322 –23, 325 , 328 , 332

humours, 14 , 26 –30, 95 n159, 99 , 117 –22, 129 , 204 –5, 270 n190, 327

hydrostatics, 249 –50, 301 –3

hymn, 48 n162, 98 n173, 334

hypotheses, 8 , 15 , 39 , 66 , 136 n118, 144 , 168 , 244 n109, 293 n27, 294 n35, 309 –12

I

Iamblichus, 276 n209, 334 n160

images, 179 , 181 –84, 187 , 201 , 209 , 213

Imhotep, 55 n21, 57 n25

impiety, 98 n173, 102 n187, 140 , 333 n157

incommensurability, 75 , 78 n106, 302 n66

incontrovertibility, 146 , 240 n98

incubation, 30

indemonstrables, 144 , 146 –47

India, 87 –88

induction, 143 n143, 186 , 202 n110, 272 n198

inexactness, 41 –42, 124 , 128 –31, 134 –35, 162 , 168 , 253 –54, 269 n187, 274 , 281 . See also exactness

infallibility, 134 , 168 n239

instruments, 215 , 225 –26, 228 , 274 , 281 , 299 n52;

astronomical, 231 –32, 234 n68, 236 –39, 281 , 299 n52, 311 n89;

surgical, 69 n76

inventions, 51 –52, 57 n25, 64 , 69 n76

Ion, 93 n153

irrational, 1 –2, 4

J

Joly, R., 215

K

kairos , 28 , 118 n40, 129 –30

Koyré, A., 215 –16, 226 , 230 , 234 –35, 257 , 271

Kuhn, T. S., 50 , 107 –8, 170 , 215

L

language and reality, problem of, 62 , 179 , 209

law, 79 –82, 87 , 94 n157, 179 , 212

laypersons, 66 , 78 n106, 87 –88, 95 , 100 n177, 131 –32, 134 , 290 n14

Leucippus, 191 n69, 226 n40

Lévi-Strauss, C., 51 , 110

light, ray of, 292 n21, 299

lightning, 49 n163, 169 n239, 333

likeness, 182 –86, 201 , 208 –9

literacy, 70 –78, 80 , 101 , 105 –6

lochia, 259 , 262

logic, 102 n186, 146 , 148 , 184 , 210

logos , 3 –6, 10 –11, 59 –60, 89 , 181 , 196 n91, 213 , 229 n51, 276 n210, 291

love, 179 –81

Lucian, 105 n200

Lucretius, 169 n239, 227 n40

Lyceum, 48 n161, 148 , 155 , 157 n195, 222

Lysias, 60 n39, 96 n164, 212

M

madness, 4 , 7 , 11 , 21 –28

magic, 28 , 42 n141, 78

male/female, 205 n121, 258 –63, 275 , 325

Marduk, 287 , 290 n13

mathematics, 43 , 45 –46, 48 n161, 53 –54, 57 , 73 –78, 86 n127, 92 –93n152, 93 n153, 94 n154, 98 , 108 , 143 –48, 155 , 169 , 182 n33, 199 , 210 , 215 , 227 , 231 –33, 240 –47, 258 , 276 –77, 279 –81, 284 –85, 291 –93, 295 –98, 300 –303, 311 –15, 320 n111, 330 –31, 334 n160

meaning, 172 –73, 179 –80, 190 –94, 209 ;

focal, 198 –201, 203 , 214

measurement, 138 n126, 193 , 215 –284

mechanical devices, 19 , 64 –65, 68 –70

mechanics, 157 , 293 n24

Melissus, 93 n153, 118 n43, 271 n193

Menaechmus, 76 n98, 78 n103

Menelaus, 236 n80

Mesopotamia, 111 , 177 . See also Babylonians

metaphora , 174 n6, 176 , 184 , 186 –87, 200 , 214

meteorology, 15 n46, 94 n154, 144 , 147 , 168 n239

Methodist medicine, 25 n80, 158 –59, 161 –65

mind, 178 –79

miscarriages, 262 –63

Mithridates, 252 n129

models, 187 , 189 , 208 , 318 –19;

astronomical, 40 , 44 , 106 n206, 236 –37, 239 –40, 279 n217, 285 –86, 295 n36, 304 –6, 312 –19;

in Plato, 137 –40, 184

moon, 36 n117, 106 n206, 169 n239, 236 n77, 237 , 239 , 309 –12, 315 –18

morality, 17 –18, 38 , 46 , 81 , 89 , 93 n152, 155 , 169 n239, 177 , 230 n53, 276 n210, 281 n222, 328 , 336

movement, 151 , 191 , 193 , 194 n85, 213 , 217 –25, 247 n117, 303 ;

of light, 299 –301

Muses, 58 –59

music, 54 n16, 58 –59n31, 77 n102, 89 n143, 90 , 93 n153, 94 n154, 138 n126, 155 , 206 , 242 n101, 260 , 276 –78, 283 –84, 329 n145. See also harmonics

mystery religions, 9 n25, 334

mystification, 3 , 13 , 28 , 99 , 215 –84, 336

myth, 4 –6, 8 –11, 47 , 51 , 53 n13, 85 n123, 135 –36, 172 , 181 , 208 –10, 213 , 286 –87, 289 –90, 328 , 336

N

naturalistic accounts, 8 –9, 11 –18, 21 –30, 33 –37, 47 –49, 287 , 290 , 333

nature, concept of, 13 –14, 46 –47, 187 –90, 322 –24

necessity, 118 –23, 137 , 142 –44, 153 , 154 , 156 , 169 , 263 , 320 –22, 329

nerves, 165 n228, 166 –67, 207 , 212 –13, 335

Newton, I., 194 , 221 n22

Nicomachus, 276 n209

number, 128 n89, 138 n126, 216 , 225 , 241 –43, 254 , 257 –68, 275 –78, 289 n12, 298 . See also counting

O

odd/even, 258 , 260 , 265 –67, 269 n187, 270 n191, 276

old age, 9 , 195 , 322 n117

oligarchy, 79

Olympia, 91 , 96 , 101

Oppenheim, A. L., 72 –73

optics, 241 , 244 –47, 273 –75, 293 n24, 299 –301

oracles, 43 n143, 83 –86, 110 n5

orality, 52 –53, 101

order, 137 –38, 140 , 244 n109, 276 n210, 328 –29, 333 , 335

organs, 189 –90, 208

Oribasius, 332 n152

Owen, G. E. L., 191 , 219

P

painting, 54 n16, 66 , 97 , 241 n100, 299 n52

papyri:

Ebers, 111 , 250 –51n126;

Leyden, 253 n132;

Petrie, 251 n126;

Rhind, 53 , 75 n95;

Edwin Smith, 55 , 63

paradigm, 107 , 277 ;

in Aristotle, 186 ;

in Plato, 183 .

See also models

paradox, 179 , 305 –6, 315

parallax, 307 –12

Parmenides, 59 –61, 92 n152, 93 n153, 179 –80, 191 n69, 271 n193

pathology, 14 –16, 116 –24, 130 , 147 , 162 , 205 , 324 , 327 –28

Paul of Aegina, 332 n152

perception, 150 –53, 230 n53, 241 , 244 n109, 271 –73, 296

Periander, 84

Pericles, 83 n117, 94 n153

periods, 254 n136, 257 –70, 280

perspective, 299 n52, 300

Petron, 15 n45

pharmacology, 228 n47, 250 –54, 331 n150. See also drugs

phenomena, saving the, 244 n109, 271 –72, 285 , 293 –319

Philinus, 158

Philistion, 15 n45, 132 n109

Philolaus, 15 n45, 132 n109

Philo of Byzantium, 227 –28

Philoponus, 194 , 223 –25, 229 n48, 303

phlegm, 14 , 26 –28, 28 –29n89, 95 n159, 99 , 117 nn. 35–36, 118 n43, 119 –20, 129 , 204 –5, 327

physicians, public, 103 n191, 104

physics, 8 –9, 88 , 101 , 136 , 140 –41, 143 , 147 , 150 –51, 154 –56, 168 –69n239, 170 , 191 –200, 210 , 214 –15, 240 –41n98, 247 , 279 n215, 285 –86, 291 –93, 299 , 304 n73, 312 –15

physiognomy, 29 n89

physiology, 15 , 28 –30n89, 95 , 116 –19, 122 –24, 130 , 134 , 147 , 159 , 204 –5, 247 , 254 –57, 324 –27

Pindar, 33 n99, 47 n161, 58 n30, 209 –210,

331 n148

Pittacus, 83 n117, 84 , 86 n127

planets, 45 , 139 , 145 n152, 207 –8, 225 n35, 236 –37, 289 , 293 , 304 –6, 314 , 332

plants, 151 –54, 190 n66, 324 n123

Plato, 5 , 8 –11, 21 , 46 –49, 54 , 65 n59, 83 n117, 89 n143, 91 –94, 97 , 103 –5, 107 , 132 , 135 –41, 149 n161, 154 n179, 181 –84, 187 –88, 192 –93, 209 –11, 214 n144, 227 nn.40, 42, 230 n53, 241 –44, 271 –73, 279 –80, 290 –94, 320 –22, 328 –29, 333

Pliny, 252 n129, 331

Plutarch, 331

pneuma, 162 , 190 n66, 213 n143

poetry, 21 , 54 n16, 58 , 83 , 86 , 89 –93, 99 n176, 175 –76, 183 –85, 209 –12, 214 , 330 n147

Polemarchus of Cyzicus, 304 n73, 305

politics, 30 n89, 53 –54, 78 –83, 84 n121, 93 n152, 98 , 122 –23, 276 n210

Polybus, 15 n45, 94 n156

Porphyry, 107 n206, 244 , 273 , 296 , 298

Posidonius, 76 n101, 232 –34, 273

potentiality/actuality, 195 n87, 199 , 228 n48, 299

Praxagoras, 282

prayer, 35 , 128 n87

precession, 237 , 239 n94, 331 n151, 335

prediction, 32 , 37 –44, 206 , 240 , 285 –86, 315

Proclus, 44 n149, 76 nn.98, 101, 170 n240, 295 n36, 322 n114, 329 n146

Prodicus, 48 n163, 89 n143, 92 –93n152, 96 n163

prognosis, 39 –41, 43 –46, 48

proof. See demonstration

prophecy, 21 , 34 , 40 –41, 43 n143, 48 –49, 334 –35. See also divination

proportions, 119 –20, 130 , 138 n126, 139 , 185 –86, 229 , 250 –56, 276 , 303 , 311

Protagoras, 91 –95, 113 n21, 230 n53

psychology, 22 , 25 , 28 –30n89, 181 . See also soul

Ptolemais of Cyrene, 296 n42

Ptolemy, 40 n125, 42 –44, 46 , 48 n161, 76 n101, 193 , 207 n131, 225 n35, 233 n65, 234 n68, 236 –41, 244 –47, 272 –74, 279 n217, 293 n23, 298 –300, 305 –8, 310 , 313 –19, 328 , 331 n151, 335

pulse, 42 n141, 106 n202, 282 –84

purge, 119 , 126 , 266

purifications, 22 n69, 27 –28, 52 n7, 84 n118, 89 , 128 , 334 n160

Pyrrho, 162

Pythagoras, 61 , 75 , 92 –93, 258 , 295 –96

Pythagoreans, 9 , 33 n99, 78 n106, 149 n161, 241 –44, 258 , 260 , 270 n191, 275 –78, 289 , 291 n18, 295 –97, 304 n73, 309 n84

Q

Quesalid, 110

R

reason, 129 , 137 n124, 160 –63, 202 n110, 228 n48, 244 n109, 263 , 271 –73, 296 , 320

Receptacle, 137 n121, 138 n126

reflection, 245 , 300

refraction, 234 , 238 , 241 n100, 246 –47, 274 –75, 300

regimen, 36 –37, 64 , 130 . See also diet

religion, 4 , 9 , 11 , 21 , 27 –28, 47 , 49 , 81 , 86 , 89 , 176 –79, 210 –11, 328 , 334

research, 16 , 154 , 165 , 168 –70, 212 , 262 , 330 , 334 –35

rhetoric, 89 n143, 92 –94, 104 n193, 108 , 133 n111, 171 , 186 n51, 210 , 336

riddles, 85 –87, 210

ritual, 4 –5, 35 , 47 , 53

Rufus, 45 , 207 n128, 282 –83

S

Sappho, 58

scepticism, 109 –10, 113 , 158 , 162 , 168 , 170 , 252 n127, 272 n199, 273

Scribonius Largus, 252

seed, 152 –54, 189 , 205 , 259 , 262 , 325 n132

seers, 41 , 49 , 84

semantic stretch, 174 –75, 177 , 179 , 198 , 208

Seneca, 332 n154

sensation, 213 . See also perception

Sextus Empiricus, 113 n20, 161 –62, 252 n127

shaman, 84 n118, 110 , 111 n11

Shirokogoroff, S. M., 72 , 109 –11

similes, 182 , 186 n50. See also comparison; likeness

Simonides, 83 n117, 93 n153

simplicity, 278 , 285 , 307 n78. See also simplification

Simplicius, 14 n43, 105 , 193 , 222 , 293 , 304

simplification, 285 , 312 , 315 , 319

slaves, 333 n158

sleep, 32 –33, 176 , 195 , 212

Snell, B., 58

Socrates, 43 n143, 81 n110, 83 n117, 87 n134, 92 n152, 98 , 102 , 280 n218, 291 , 333 n159

Solon, 72 n83, 84 , 93 –94, 258

sophists, 48 –49n163, 66 , 83 n117, 87 n134, 89 n143, 91 –98, 103 , 130 , 132 n109, 133

Soranus, 25 n80, 44 n150, 106 , 159 , 161 n211, 164 –65, 204 n117

Sosigenes, 293 n27, 304 n72

soul, 9 –11, 29 n89, 33 –34, 280 n219, 325 . See also psychology

Sparta, 54 n18, 79 n107, 81 n111

Speusippus, 149 n161, 206 n125, 291 n18

sphericity:

of earth, 193 –94, 231 , 289 , 307 n79, 335 ;

of universe, 192 –93, 314 n98

spontaneous generation, 150 –54

star, 36 , 45 , 169 n239, 194 , 207 –8, 231 –35, 307 –8;

catalogues, 236 –37

statics, 216 , 249 –50, 301 –3

Stoics, 9 n24, 38 –39n122, 44 n150, 48 n161, 148 , 158 n200, 168 n239, 272 , 300 n54, 301 n60, 322 n114, 327 n138

Strato, 48 n161, 157 n195, 222 –23

sublunary/superlunary, 194 , 216 , 235 , 239 –41

Sumeria, 87 –88

sun, 36 n117, 169 n239, 236 –37, 308

syllogism, 141 –42, 143 n146, 145 n152, 146 , 182 , 186 , 202

symbolism, 36 , 49 , 208 n132, 252 n128, 260 , 275 –76, 280

sympatheia , 44 , 155 , 253 n133

T

tables, 45 , 73 –74, 252 , 258 , 260

Tambiah, S., 53

Taylor, A. E., 136

technical terms, 203 –8

Teisias, 92 n152

teleology, 48 n161, 140 , 149 –50, 169 n239, 290 –91, 319 –29

temperature, measurement of, 227 –28. See also hot/cold

temple medicine, 30 , 89 –90, 134 , 333 n159

tentativeness, 124 , 131 –34, 148 , 154 , 156 , 158 , 162 , 170 , 214

tests, 99 , 140 n133, 193 , 212 –13, 223 n27, 224 –25, 229 –30n52, 248 –50, 255 , 295 –96

Thales, 52 n7, 75 , 84 , 85 n123, 86 n127, 92 n152, 112 , 288 , 290 n13

Theaetetus, 76 n98

Themison, 158 , 159 n201

Themistocles, 83 n117

Theodorus, 76 n98

theology, 46 –49, 85 n123, 179 , 334 n161

Theon of Alexandria, 245 n111

Theon of Smyrna, 207 n131, 276 n209, 295 n36, 313 n95, 334 n160

Theophrastus, 103 n188, 148 –55, 197 n94, 247 –49, 253 n132, 297 –98, 321 n113

Thessalus, 159

thought experiment. See experiment, thought

Thucydides, 11 n31, 59 n32, 81 n111, 97 , 124 n67

thunder, 49 n163, 169 n239, 178 , 333

time, measurement of, 225 –26, 234 n68, 281 , 283 –84

Timocharis, 235

Timotheus, 59 n31

tradition, 28 , 36 –37, 47 –48, 50 –108, 170 , 239

trepanning, 19 , 124 –25, 127 n83

Turner, V. W., 110

U

univocity, 173 –74, 194 , 198 , 200 –201, 208 , 213 –14

Upanishads, 87 –88

V

venesection, 127 , 254 n136

Vernant, J.-P., 78

Vitruvius, 215 n3, 250 , 253 n132

vivisection, 163 –64, 206 n127

void, 191 n69, 217 , 219 , 303

W

water, 16 , 24 n76, 62 , 84 , 95 n159, 113 , 117 n39, 118 n43, 122 , 137 n121, 150 , 192 –93, 197 , 217 –18, 226 –30, 248 –49

water clock, 225 –26, 284 . See also clepsydra

weighing, 192 , 216 , 230 , 242 n100, 247 –57, 273 n200, 277 , 281 , 295 –96

wet/dry, 8 , 14 –15, 27 –28, 99 n175, 117 n36, 120 , 159 , 162 , 190 n66, 194 –98, 202 n107, 214 , 226 –30, 247 –48, 280

wisdom, 37 n119, 47 –49, 83 –87, 92 –93, 97 n166, 103 , 168 n239, 209 –10, 214 , 242 n100, 333 –35

wonder-workers, 84

X

Xenocrates, 291 n18

Xenophanes, 38 n121, 47 n161, 60 –61, 85 –86, 113 , 176 –79, 181 n29

Xenophon, 23 n73

Z

Zeno of Elea, 92 –93n152

Zeus, 8 –9, 86 , 176 , 178 , 180 , 181 n29

zoology, 46 n160, 143 –44, 146 , 149 –50, 196 , 201 n107, 206 , 322 –24, 332 n155