G

Gall, Dr. Ludwig:

Improvements in Wine-Making , 277 ;

"Practical Guide," 182

Gallegos, Juan, 325 , 331

Gallegos Winery, Calif., 326

Gallipolis, Ohio, wine made at, 116 , 156

Gallo, Ernest and Julio, 331

Garden, Alexander, 57

Gardener's Monthly , 209 , 384

Garrett, Paul, 223 , 437 ;

and "Virginia Dare," 415 -19

Garrett and Company, 415

Garrett brothers, 415

Garrett Winery, N.Y., 376 , 416

Gasconade County Fair (Mo.), 178

Gasconade Grape Growing Society, 217

Gasconade River, 175

Genet, Citizen, 111

Geneva, N.Y., 200 , 377

George III (king of England), 83 , 99

Georgetown, D.C., 116 , 139 , 141 , 148

Georgia, 87 , 100 ;

colonial efforts of at winegrowing, 40 -54;

rivalry of with South Carolina, 52 -53;

trustees of, 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 -47, 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 53 ;

Vine Growers' Association of, 226 ;

wild vines in, 45 ;

wine from native grapes in, 46 -47, 53 ;

winegrowing in, 19th century, 153 -54, 225 -26.

See also Savannah, Ga.

Gerke, Henry, 261 , 322 , 324

Germania Concert Society, 254

Germania Wine Cellars, N.Y., 376

Germanna, Va., 65

Germans, 94 ;

contributions of to American winegrowing, 104 ;

large emigrations of, 102 -3;

in Arkansas, 404 ;

in California, 251 , 252 , 254 , 265 , 285 , 288 , 290 , 305 , 322 , 331 , 338 -40;

in Georgia, 54 , 104 ;

in Illinois, 185 , 397 ;

in Indiana, 131 -32, 217 ;

in Iowa, 403 ;

in Kansas, 398 -99;

in Michigan, 382 ;

in Missouri, 174 -85, 390 , 404 ;

in Nebraska, 400 ;

in New Jersey, 384 ;

in New York, 103 , 197 ,

Germans (continued )

198 , 375 ;

in North Carolina, 103 -4;

in Ohio, 159 -60, 165 , 174 , 378 , 379 -80, 381 ;

in Pennsylvania, 33 , 85 , 102 , 103 , 130 -31, 133 , 134 , 135 , 383 ;

in South Carolina, 99 ;

in Tennessee, 227 ;

in Texas, 407 , 409 ;

in Utah, 420 ;

in Virginia, 65 , 69 , 413 ;

in Washington, 422

Germantown, Pa., 33 , 34 , 103 , 288

Germany, 152 , 168 ;

Haraszthy visits, 276 ;

Jefferson in, 127 ;

vines from, 86 -87, 99 , 131 -32, 265

Gervais, John Lewis, 99

Gervais, Prosper, 369

Geyser Peak Winery, Calif, 316

Geyserville Winery, Calif., 339 , 340

Gibbons, Ambrose, 29

Gibbs, Col. George, 155 , 192 ;

and Isabella grape, 190

Gibson, John, 338

Giessen, University of, 179

Gimbrede, Thomas, 194

Girard, Stephen, 111

Glaister, Thomas, 338

Glasgow, Ky., vineyards, 122 -23, 132

Glasier & Flint, 436 n45

Glassell Winery, Calif., 316

Glen Ellen Ranch, 337

Glen Ellen Vineyards, Calif., 356

Glover, Thomas, 23

Gobbi, Julius, 337

Gobbi, Peter, 337

Gobrugge Winery, Calif., 316

Gohdes, Clarence, 446

Gold Rush, 258 , 261 , 285

Golden Belt Wine Company, Calif., 290

Golden Eagle Winery, Ohio, 380

Gould, L. A., 265

Graffenried, Baron Christopher de, 103

Grant, Dr. C. W., and Iona grape, 209 -11

Grant, Pres. Ulysses S., 390

Grant, William, 52

Grape belt (N.Y.), 200 , 202

Grape berry moth, 25

"Grape boom," 202 , 209 -10, 215 ;

in South, 222 -28

Grape Culturist , 182 , 221 , 390

Grape cure, 194

Grape Growers' Association (Calif.), 342

Grape juice, 201 , 215 ;

invention and development of, 384 -90;

and Prohibition, 436

Grape-leaf hopper, 25

Grapes:

for fresh fruit, 197 , 215 , 253 ;

tendency to variation in, 5 , 203 -4;

world distribution of, 4 -5

Grapes, American species:

—accompanied by native diseases, 25

—adapted for fresh fruit, 215

—characteristics of, 5 -6, 120

—collected and studied by Patent Office, 219 -20

—described:

by Beverley, 64 ;

by Bartram, 115 ;

by Engelmann, 184 ;

by Lawson, 60 -61;

by Munson, 409 ;

by Prince, 190 ;

by Rafinesque, 154

—entered into hybrids, 9

—fallacy of improving by cultivating ("taming"), 14 , 88 , 93 , 194

—"Fox" grape, 6 , 153 ;

in South, 61 ;

in Virginia, 64

—idea of cultivating for wine:

Berkeley, 22 -23, 93 ;

Beverley, 64 , 93 , 101 ;

Collinson, 67 , 68 ;

Cooper, 466 n43;

Coxe, 32 -33;

De La Warr, 15 , 93 ;

Durand de Dauphiné, 100 ;

Estave, 71 , 72 , 76 , 115 ;

French in Ohio, 116 ;

Harriot, 93 ;

Sir Nathaniel Johnson, 37 , 93 ;

Robert Johnson, 13 -14, 93 ;

Laurens, 57 ;

Lawson, 61 ;

Mazzei, 80 ;

Penn, 32 , 93 ;

Royal Society of Arts, 93 , 115 ;

Washington, 81

—methods of making wine from:

Boneil's, 17 ;

Carter's, 70 ;

Franklin's, 86 ;

Hill's, 70

—V aestivalis (summer grape), 7 , 151 , 394 , 407 ;

recommended for hybridizing, 205

—V. berlandieri , 453 n14

—V. Bourquiniana (subspecies of aestivalis ), 151 , 152 ;

in hybridizing, 208

—V. californica , 345 , 431

—V. candicans (mustang), 407 , 453 n14;

in hybridizing, 410

—V. champini , 453 n14;

in hybridizing, 410

—V. cinerea , 453 n14

—V. cordifolia (winter grape), 7 , 394 ;

wine made from, 70 ;

Washington plants, 81

—V. Doaniana , 407 , 410

—V. labrusca (fox grape), 6 -7, 394 ;

in hybridizing, 206 , 207 , 208 , 209

—V. lincecumii (post oak grape), 394 , 453 n14;

in hybridizing, 410

—V. longii , 453 n14

—V. monticola , 453 n14

—V . riparia , 7 , 394 ;

in hybridizing, 207 ;

for resistant rootstocks, 402 .

—V. rotundifolia (muscadine), 7 , 11 , 12 , 46 , 115 , 149 ;

Bartram hopes to propagate, 88 ;

does not readily hybridize, 9 ;

first reported wine in U.S. made from, 11 ;

in Florida, 411 -12;

in Leacock's vineyard, 89 ;

in North Carolina, 61 ;

in South Carolina, 37

—V. rupestris (sand grape), 7 , 394 ;

wine made from, 116 , 394

—V. vulpina (variant of riparia ), 7

—wine made from:

colonial, by Balleu, 51 , 52

by Beverley, 64 -67;

by Bohune, 14 ;

at Boston, 29 ;

by Bourgmont, 398 ;

by Brocas, 22 ;

by Charles Carter, 70 ;

by Landon Carter, 71 ;

by Durand de Dauphiné, 100 ;

by Houston, 53 ;

by Huguenots, 30 , 32 , 101 ;

by Livezey, 87 ;

by Mazzei, 80 ;

by Moravians, 62 ;

around Philadelphia, 88 -89;

by Stephens, 52 ;

in Virginia, 14 , 19

Grapes, American varieties.

See also names of particular grapes as sources of wine

—Blue Favorite, 153

—Carolina Purple Muscadine, 147

—Concord, 31 , 217 , 377 , 411 , 446 ;

and grape juice, 388 , 389 -90;

history of, 211 -15;

in Alabama, 412 ;

in Arkansas, 405 ;

in Iowa, 402 ;

in Kansas, 398 ;

in Michigan, 382 ;

in Missouri, 177 ;

in New Jersey, 384 ;

in New York, 197 , 201 , 376 ;

in Ohio, 335 , 378 , 382 ;

in Oklahoma, 411 ;

in Oregon, 421 ;

in South Carolina, 413 ;

in Washington, 422 ;

memorial to, 215 ;

as standard grape for Americans, 6 , 212 , 447 ;

wins Greeley prize, 214

—Elkton, 148

—Guignard, 151

—Halifax, 223

—Luffborough, 148

—Mammoth, 206 , 219

—"Red Juice Grape," 131 , 147

—Rupestris St. George, 345

—Sage, 206 , 219

—Scuppernong, 7 , 168 , 227 , 415 -16;

American "champagne" grape, 223 ;

"Mother Wine," 12

—"Virginia" grape, 83

Grapes, European species (V. vinifera ):

—ancient tradition of, 5

—evolution of, 6

—first planted in U.S., 11

—future of in eastern U.S., 40 , 82

—and general conviction that vinifera will not grow in U.S., 91 , 259 , 421

—successful trials of, 369 -70

—succumbs to native American diseases, 25 -28;

in Alabama, 137 -38;

in Arkansas, 405 ;

in Georgia, 153 ;

in Illinois, 402 ;

in Indiana, 125 , 132 ;

in Kentucky, 120 ;

in Maryland, 139 ;

in New York, 187 , 192 ;

in North Carolina, 223 , 415 ;

in Pennsylvania, 89 ;

in South Carolina, 150 ;

in Texas, 407 ;

in Virginia, 72

—supported: by Bolling, 73 , 75 ;

by Fisher, 147 ;

by Prince, 190 ;

by St. Pierre, 98

—trials of: in Alabama, 137 ;

by Antill, 91 -92;

in Arkansas, 405 ;

by Bolling, 75 -77;

by Du-four, 119 -20;

in Georgia, 43 , 45 , 46 ;

in Idaho, 422 ;

in Illinois, 402 ;

in Indiana, 131 -32;

by Jefferson, 81 ;

by Lawson, 61 ;

by Leacock, 89 ;

by Legaux, 108 -113;

by Longworth, 157 , 187 ;

in Maryland, 83 -84, 139 , 147 ;

in Massachusetts, 30 ;

by Mazzei, 79 ;

by Monroe, 128 ;

in Missouri, 176 , 179 , 474 n113;

in New York, 31 , 187 , 192 ;

in New Jersey, 92 ;

in North Carolina, 223 -24, 415 ;

in Oregon, 421 -22;

in Pennsylvania, 33 , 101 , 103 , 133 ;

by St. Pierre, 96 -100;

in South Carolina, 150 ;

in Texas, 407 , 408 ;

in Virginia, 15 , 67 , 70 , 79 , 223 ;

by George Washington, 81 ;

in Washington, 422

—used expressly for wine, 215

Grapes, European varieties.

See also names of particular grapes as sources of wine

—Affenthaler, 280

—Aleatico, 351

—Alicante, 190

—Alicante Bouschet, 438

—Bakator, 280

—Barbera, 348

—Black Burgundy, 347

—Black Hamburgh, 206

—Black St. Peters. See Zinfandel

—Blue Cluster, 91

—Boros, 280

—Burger, 297 , 318 , 324 , 347

—"Burgundy" grape, 83 , 92 , 111

—Cabernet Sauvignon, 5 , 280 , 311 , 324 , 334 , 347 , 348 , 351 , 438

—Calytor, 280

—Carignane, 280 , 297 , 348 , 415

—Charbono, 324 , 347

—Chardonnay, 5 , 280 , 347 , 348 , 438

—Chasselas Blanc, 57 , 206

—Chasselas de Fontainebleau, 206

—Chenin Blanc, 280 , 347

—Cinsaut, 415

—Clairette, 415

—Claret grape, 83

—Constantia, 110 .

See also Grapes, hybrid varieties: Alexander

—Corinthe, 280

—Criolla, and Mission, 234

—Csaszar szolo, 280

—Dinka, 280

—Emperor, 438

—Ferdeges, 337

—Flame Tokay, 438

—Folle Blanche, 263 , 297

—French Colombard, 263

—Frontiniac (Frontinac), black, white, and red, 92 .

See also Muscat de Frontignan

—Furmint, 280

—Gewurztraminer, 280

—Greco della Torre, 76

Grapes, European varieties (continued )

—Grenache, 280 , 297 , 415

—Grey Riesling, 263 , 337

—Gutedel, 131 , 257 , 346 , 347

—Jajos, 280

—Kadarka, 280

—Kishmish, 280

—Lisbon, 59 , 89

—Malbec, 324 , 347 , 348

—Malvoisie, 324 , 326

—Marocain Noir, 280

—Mataro, 297

—Melie Blanc, 91

—Mission, in California, 234 , 237 , 241 , 246 -47, 254 , 256 , 259 , 263 , 275 , 281 , 283 , 287 , 291 , 292 , 293 , 296 , 297 , 315 , 318 , 321 , 322 , 326 , 346 ;

in champagne, 254 ;

and Pierce's Disease, 292 , 293

—Mourastel, 415

—Mourvedre, 415

—Muscadelle de Bordelais, 119

—Muscadine (?), white and others, 91 , 92

—Muscat de Frontignan, 128 , 347 , 486 n39

—Muscat of Alexandria, 486 n39

—Nebbiolo, 276

—Orleans, black, 91 , 92 , 265

—Pedro Ximenes, 240

—Petite Sirah, 312 , 347 , 348

—Pinot Noir, 5 , 223 , 280 , 312 , 334 , 347 , 348 , 438

—Portugal, white, 70 , 92

—Primitivo di Gioia. See Zinfandel

—Rhenish grape, 83 , 86 -87

—Riesling, 5 , 131 , 265 , 280 , 324 , 346 , 347 , 348 , 438 , 498 n19

—Sauvignon Blanc, 280 , 324 , 347

—Semillon, 5 , 280 , 321 , 324 , 347 , 348

—Sylvaner, 131 , 265 , 280

—Syrah, 280 , 347

—Tautovina, 280

—Thompson Seedless, 315

—Tinta Cão, 351

—"Tokay," 57 , 92 , 111

—Torok Malozsla, 280

—Traminer, 265

—Trousseau, 297 , 326

—Valdepeñas, 351

—Veltliner, 131

—Verdelho, 347

—White Pineau, 347

—Wine-Island (Madeira), 59

—Zante, 57

—Zinfandel, 257 , 297 , 311 , 315 , 318 , 324 , 326 , 334 , 337 , 346 , 347 ;

and Haraszthy, 280 -82, 284 ;

and Primitivo di Gioia, 281 .

Synonyms : Black St. Peters, 281 ;

Black Zinfardel, 281 ;

Zeinfindall, 281 ;

Zinfindal, 281

Grapes, hybrid:

—controlled breeding of:

contribution to American winegrowing, 208 ;

development of, 203 -15;

by Allen, 206 ;

by Bull, 211 -15;

by Burr, 207 ;

by Campbell, 207 ;

by Caywood, 207 -8;

by Grant, 209 -11;

by Haskell, 207 ;

by Moore, 207 -8;

by Pond, 205 ;

by Prince, 205 ;

by Rogers, 206 -7;

by Rommel, 207 ;

by Stayman, 207 ;

as national sport, 207 ;

proposed by Dufour, 125 , 205

—French-American, 82 , 394

—importance of discovery of, 94

—introduced:

by Burns, 398 ;

by Illinois Germans, 397 ;

in Minnesota, 420 ;

by Missouri Germans, 182 ;

by Munson, 409 -10;

by Prince, 190 ;

by Thompson, 400 ;

by S. Underhill, 194

—planted in France, 382

—random breeding of, 94 , 148 , 205 , 208

—South Carolina as center of, 57

Grapes, hybrid varieties.

See also names of particular grapes as sources of wine

—Abby Clingotten, 211

—Ada, 206 , 211

—Adelaide, 211

—Adelia, 211

—Agawam, 206 , 421

—Alexander, 148 , 203 , 206 ;

Col. Tasker makes wine from, 85 ;

discovery of, 84 , 94 ;

Dufour selects, 120 ;

Legaux calls "Cape" or "Constantia," 110 , 113 , 142 ;

perfect-flowered, 120 ;

planted in Indiana, 122 , 123 , 125 , 132 ;

in Kansas, 398 ;

in Kentucky, 119 , 122 , 123 ;

in Maryland, 127 , 139 , 140 ;

in Ohio, 157 ;

in Pennsylvania, 131 , 134 , 135 , 383 ;

in Virginia, 127 -28;

question of origin and identity of, 119 -20, 476 n3;

recognized as hybrid, 205 ;

recommended by Mease, 115 ;

as starting point of eastern viticulture, 114

Synonyms : Cape, 113 ;

Black Cape, 466 n60;

Cape of Good Hope, 110 ;

Clifton's Constantia, 147 ;

Constantia, 110 ;

Schuylkill, 120 ;

Schuylkill Muscadel, 147 ;

Springmill Constantia, 466 n60;

Tasker's Grape, 466 n60;

Vevay, 466 n60;

York Claret, 135 ;

York Lisbon, 135 ;

York Madeira, 135

—Allen's Hybrid, 206

—Armalaga, 410

—Bacchus, 207

—Beauty of Minnesota, 420

—Beta, 420

—Bland's Grape, 75 , 115 , 119 , 147 -48, 149 , 398 ;

as hybrid, 205 .

Synonyms : Bland's Madeira, 148 ;

Madeira (?), 148 ;

Powell, 148

—Bland's Madeira. See Bland's Grape

—Campbell Early, 422

—Cape. See Alexander

—Catawba, 126 , 140 , 146 , 147 , 151 , 154 , 191 , 202 , 205 , 209 , 227 , 382 , 399 , 411 ;

described, 143 ;

discovered by Adlum, 142 ;

and Isabella, 148 , 190 ;

planted in Arkansas, 404 ;

in California, 259 , 262 , 266 , 324 ;

in Georgia, 226 ;

in Missouri, 177 , 179 ;

in New Jersey, 384 ;

in New York, 192 , 196 , 197 , 200 , 201 , 375 , 376 ;

in Ohio, 157 -74, 378 ;

in Oregon, 421 ;

in Tennessee, 227 ;

susceptible to disease, 171 , 177 .

Synonyms : Muncy, 147 ;

Tokay, 142 , 147

—Champion, 377

—Clevener, 384

—Clifton's Constantia. See Alexander

—Clinton, 394 , 399 , 413 ;

in New York, 197 .

Synonym : Worthington, 147

—Constantia. See Alexander

—Creveling, 399

—Croton, 377

—Cynthiana, 404 , 405 , 412 , 487 n68

—Delaware, 171 , 197 , 208 , 375 , 382 , 399 , 411 , 412 , 420 , 421 ;

history of, 208 -9

—Delicatessen, 410

—Diana, 197 , 205 , 209 , 266

—Don Juan, 207

—Dutchess, 208 , 382

—Elvira, 182 , 208 , 375 , 399

—Empire State, 377

—Eumelan, 384

—Goethe, 206 , 399

—Green Mountain, 420

—Headlight, 410

—Herbemont, 151 , 223 ;

in California, 266 , 324 ;

in Georgia, 226 ;

in North Carolina, 224 ;

in Texas, 408 , 409 .

Synonyms : Herbemont's Madeira, 151 ;

Madeira, 151 ;

Warrenton, 153

—Herbemont's Madeira. See Herbemont

—Iona, 197 , 398 ;

and Greeley prize, 214 ;

promoted by Grant, 209 -11

—Isabella, 149 , 191 , 203 , 205 ;

as favorite on Long Island, 192 ;

in hybridizing, 206 ;

introduction of, 148 , 189 , 190 ;

planted in California, 259 , 266 ;

at Hermann, 176 , 177 ;

in New York, 187 , 192 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 200 , 201 , 375 ;

in Oregon, 421 ;

in Russia, 447 ;

in Tennessee, 227 ;

as most widely planted grape in world, 475 n127

—Island Belle (Campbell Early), 422

—Ives' Seedling, 171 -72, 399 , 413 ;

in Alabama, 412 ;

in Arkansas, 404 ;

in New Jersey, 384 ;

in New York, 197

—Jefferson, 377

—Lady Washington, 207

—Lenoir, 152 , 223 , 227 ;

in California, 318 , 324 , 487 n68;

in France, 394 ;

in Georgia, 226 ;

in Missouri, 177 ;

in Texas, 408 , 409 ;

as rootstock, 345

—Leon, 211

—Letovey, 211

—Lewis, 211

—Lexington, 211

—"Lisbon," 132

—Lukfata, 410

—"Madeira": in Alabama, 139 ;

in Indiana, 122 , 125 , 132 ;

in Kentucky, 119 , 123 ;

in Pennsylvania, 131 .

See also Herbemont

—Martha, 384 , 390 , 413

—Massasoit, 206

—Missouri Riesling, 182

—Moore's Diamond, 208 , 421

—Moore's Early, 375

—Muncy. See Catawba

—Neva Munson, 410

—Niagara, 377 , 412 , 421 , 447

—Noah, 394

—Norton, 82 , 151 , 178 , 404 ;

introduced, 149 ;

planted in California, 318 ;

in Florida, 412 ;

in Kansas, 399 ;

in Missouri, 177 ;

in New Jersey, 384 ;

in New York, 197 ;

in North Carolina, 223 ;

in South Carolina, 413 ;

in Virginia, 82 , 222 .

Synonym : Virginia Seedling, 82

—Orwigsburgh, 147

—Othello, 394

—Pocklington, 413

—Pond's Seedling, 205

—Powel/Powell. See Bland's Grape

—Salem, 206 ;

and Thomas Lake Harris, 333

—Schuylkill.See Alexander

—Schuylkill Muscadel. See Alexander

—Tasker's Grape. See Alexander

—Tokay. See Catawba

—Vergennes, 420

—Virginia Seedling. See Norton

—Walter, 208

—Warren (perhaps Herbemont), 226

—Warrenton. See Herbemont

—White Concord, 208

—Wilder, 206

—Worden, 421

—Worthington. See Clinton

—XLNTA, 410

—York Claret. See Alexander

—York Lisbon. See Alexander

—York Madeira. See Alexander

—Zane, 211

—Zelia, 211

—Zinnia, 211

—Zita, 211

—Zoe, 211

Grapes and Wines of California (California State Vinicultural Society), 266

Grappa, 329

Grayson, William John, 152 ;

on South Carolina winegrowing during Civil War, 225

Great Exhibition, London: Catalogue , 168 ;

Ohio producers exhibit at, 161 -62, 168 , 170 , 218

Greece: as model for Virginia viticulture, 23 ;

vignerons from, 60

Greeks, in Florida, 59 -60

Greeley, Horace, 210 ;

prize for grape, 214

Green, Col. Wharton, 416

Green Oaks Winery, Calif., 316

Greenville, S.C., 413

Gregg, Josiah, Commerce of the Prairies , 234

Grein, Nicholas, 182

Grenville, George, Prime Minister, 59

Greystone Cellars, Calif., 356

Griffin, Dr. John, 250

Guasti, Secondo, 311 , 331 , 362

Guerin, M., 227

Guignard, James S., 151

Gundlach, Jacob, 104 , 273 , 316 , 337 , 338 , 348 , 367

Gunn Winery, Calif., 316 , 338

Gutedel (wine), 257

Guyot, Jules, 415

Gwin, Sen. William, 303