L

La Palata, Duke of, 85 , 298

La Paz (city), 12 , 38 , 45 , 46 , 49 , 57 , 182 , 184

La Plata (city).

See Sucre

La Serna, José de, 50 -51

Labor: forced, 129 -30, 275 -76;

for livestock operations, 84 -86, 290 -93, 318 -21;

for mining, 7 , 62 -63;

unions, 321 ;

wage, 5 , 62 , 285 , 314 -15, 320 -21, 324 , 337 , 350 , 421 n.115.

See also Colonos; Mita; Yanaconas

Laikakota mines, 32

Lampa (corregimiento or province), 14 , 146 ;

haciendas, 111 , 115 , 352 ;

industrial census, 36 ;

livestock population, 117 -18;

mining, 33 , 62 , 168 ;

shifting jurisdictional borders, 48 ;

textile trades, 56 ;

trade and transport, 32 , 35 , 39 , 237 ;

tribute

lists, 131 ;

during Túpac Amaru Rebellion, 45

Lampa (town), 38 , 133

Land: agrarian reforms of 1820s, 122 -27, 260 , 332 ;

corporate, 4 , 6 , 266 ;

court and notarial proceedings, 231 ;

distribution and redistribution of, 10 , 88 , 95 ;

held in mortmain, 110 , 120 ;

in the Indian communities, 86 -90, 99 -100, 260 -68, 271 , 311 ;

invasions and land grabbing, 79 , 110 , 236 -37, 315 , 335 , 346 ;

litigation, 249 ;

methodology for measuring transfers, 198 -201;

monopolization by estates, 323 -25;

precarious tenure (squatting), 102 ;

sales since 1850s, 201 -12, 251 -52, 334 -35, 343 ;

and Túpac Amaru Rebellion, 97 ;

value of, 86 , 113 -14, 212 -20, 331 .

See also Haciendas; Indian communities

Landaeta, Elena, vda. de Quiñones, 256

Langer, Erick, 58

Larecaja, 33 , 34 , 64 , 195 , 284

Large landholders. See Hacendados

Laro, 183

Larrea y Loredo, José de, 123

Latifundism, 10 , 211 , 234 , 315 , 323

Lavrín, Asunción, 243

Leguía, Augusto, 226 , 240 , 344 -46, 348 , 349 , 351

Lehman, David, 328

Lenin, V. I., 328

León Cabrera, Pio, 256 , 304 , 320

León Huarcaya, Carlos, 228

Levas.

See Mandas

Liberals: and agrarian reform, 121 -23, 126 -27;

and church, 119 -20, 254 ;

and local authorities, 129 ;

and political participation, 9 ;

property notions, 124 , 328 ;

vision of society, 106 , 107 -8, 137 , 145 -46, 147 -48

Lima: as center of colony, 11 ;

colonial authorities, 47 -48;

Consulado, 49 ;

factories, 170 , 174 ;

import capacity, 169 ;

and loss of High Peru, 40 -41;

merchants, 67 , 178 ;

mule trade, 182 ;

Puñenos in Lima, 351 ;

ruling elites and politics, 211 , 277 ;

Supreme Court, 211 , 249 ;

trade during colony, 37 -39;

urban primacy, 8

Limoges (France), 170

Linares, José María, 57

Lipa, Pablo and Tomás, 189

Liverpool, 157 , 159 , 189 , 343

Livestock: animal/land ratio, 268 , 271 -72;

as base of altiplano economy, 31 -32, 51 ;

capital of estates, 109 , 111 , 113 , 117 , 311 ;

chaqueo , 133 ;

and conflicts with agriculturalists in pre-hispanic America, 369 n.10;

disposition on estates, 307 -11;

effect on land distribution, 81 -82;

effects of rebellions and civil wars on, 46 -47;

populations, 86 , 95 , 117 -18, 164 , 271 -72, 311 , 377 n.44;

rustling or theft, 96 , 236 , 300 ;

trade in products, 167 , 178 , 284 .

See also Cameloids; Cattle; Haciendas; Indian communities; Peasants; Sheep; Wool

Livestock estates.

See Haciendas

Lizares, Francisco (the elder), 108 -9, 120 , 127 , 239

Lizares Montesinos, María Dolores, Augustina and Antonia, 109

Lizares Quiñones family, 233 , 240 , 347

Lizares Quiñones, Francisco, 239

Lizares Quiñones, José Angelino, 239 -40, 244 , 254 , 304 , 338 , 340

Lizares Quiñones, José María, 109 , 222 , 239 , 244 , 265

Llamas, 67 , 182 , 185 .

See also Livestock; Transportation

London, 157 , 189 , 191

López, Felipe R., 233

López de Romaña, Eduardo, 279 , 319

Lora Cam, Jorge, 226

Lowell, 171

Lucre (obraje and wool mill in Cuzco department), 174

Luna, Luis Felipe, 271 , 337 -38

Lupakas, 11 , 33