REFERENCES

CASES

Bradwell v. Illinois 16 Wall. 130 (1873).

In re Bradwell, 55 Ill. 535 (1870).

California Federal Savings v. Guerra, 107 S. Ct. 683 (1987).

EEOC v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 581 F.2d 941 (D.C.Cir. 1987).

Geduldig v. Aiello, 417 U.S. 484 (1974).

Hishon v. King & Spaulding, 467 U.S. 69 (1984).

Hopkins v. Price Waterhouse, 618 F. Supp. 1109 (D.D.C. 1985).

Kahn v. Shevin, 416 U.S. 351 (1974).

Reed v. Reed, 404 U.S. 71 (1971).

Taylor v. Louisiana, 419 U.S. 522 (1974).

Wimberly v. Labor & Industrial Relations Commission, 107 S. Ct. 821 (1987).

BOOKS AND ARTICLES

Abel. Richard L. 1982. 'The Underdevelopment of Legal Professions: Review Article on Third World Lawyers," 1982 American Bar Foundation Research Journal 871.

____. 1986. "Lawyers," in Leon Lipson and Stanton Wheeler, eds., Law and the Social Sciences. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

____. 1988 a. "United States: The Contradictions of Professionalism," in Richard L. Abel and Philip S. C. Lewis, eds., Lawyers in Society, vol. 1: The Common Law World. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.

____. 1988b. The Legal Profession in England and Wales . Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Abram, Ruth, ed. 1985. "Send Us A Lady Physician": Women Doctors in America 1835-1920. New York: Norton.

Abramson, Jill, and Barbara Franklin. 1986. Where They Are Now: The Story of the Women of Harvard Law. New York: Doubleday.

Adam, Barry, and Kathleen Lahey. 1981. "Professional Opportunities: A Survey of the Ontario Legal Profession," 59 Canadian Bar Review 674.

American Bar Association Journal . 1983. "Women in the Law," 69 American Bar Association Journal 1333-1588. (Special issue).

____. 1988. “Women in Law: The Glass Ceiling," 74 American Bar Association Journal 49 (June).

Antler, Joyce. 1977. The Educated Woman and Professionalization: The Struggle for a New Feminine Identity, 1890-1920. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms.

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Arthurs, Harry W., Richard Weisman, and Frederick H. Zemans. 1988. "Canadian Lawyers: A Peculiar Professionalism," in Richard L. Abel and Philip S. C. Lewis, eds., Lawyers in Society, vol. 1: The Common Law World. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.

Ashbum, Elizabeth. 1977. Motivation, Personality and Work-Related Characteristics of Women in Male-Dominated Professions . Washington, D.C.: National Association for Women Deans, Administrators and Counselors.

Astin, Alexander. 1984. "Prelaw Students—A National Profile," 34 Journal Of Legal Education 73.

Astin, Helen, and Carol Leland. 1986. "On Behalf of Women: Issues and Accomplishments from A Leadership Perspective." (Draft paper for UCLA Higher Education Research Institute.)

Auerbach, Jerold S. 1976. Unequal Justice: Lawyers and Social Change in Modern America. New York: Oxford University Press.

Babcock, Barbara Allen. 1987. "Reconstructing the Person: The Case of Clara Shortridge Foltz." Presented to the conference on Women in the Legal Profession, Madison, Wisc., August.

____. 1988. "Clara Shortridge Foltz: Tirst Woman,'" 30 Arizona Law Review 673.

Babcock, Barbara Allen, Ann E. Freedman, Eleanor Holmes Norton, and Susan Deller Ross. 1975. Sex Discrimination and the Law . Boston: Little, Brown & Co.

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____. 1981. The Female World . New York: Free Press.

Bielby, William, and James Baron. 1984. "A Woman's Place Is with Other Women: Sex Segregation within Organizations," in Barbara Reskin, ed., Sex Segregation in the Workplace. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Bittner, Egon. 1974. "Florence Nightingale in Pursuit of Willie Sutton: A Theory of the Police," in Herbert Jacob, ed., The Potential for Reform of Criminal Justice. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.

Blankenburg, Erhard, and Ulrike Schultz. 1988. "German Advocates: A Highly Regulated Profession," in Richard L. Abel and Philip S. C. Lewis, eds., Lawyers in Society , vol. 2: The Civil Law World . Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.

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Boigeol, Anne. 1988. "The French Bar: The Difficulties of Unifying A Divided Profession," in Richard L. Abel and Philip S. C. Lewis, eds. Lawyers in Society: vol. 2: The Civil Law World . Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.

Bose, Christine, and Glenna Spitze, eds. 1987. Ingredients for Women's Employment Policy. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press.

Brand, Barbara Elizabeth. 1978. The Influence of Higher Education on Sex Typing in Three Professions1870-1920: Librarianship, Social Work and Public Health . Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms.

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Bunch, Charlotte, and Nancy Myron. 1974. Class and Feminism: A Collection of Essays From the Furies . Baltimore, Md.: Diana Press.

Carter, Michael, and Susan Carter. 1981. “Women's Recent Progress in the Professions or, Women Get A Ticket to Ride After The Gravy Train Has Left the Station," 7 Feminist Studies 476.

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____. 1970 b. Women's Place: Options and Limits in Professional Careers. Berkeley, Los Angles, London: University of California Press.

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____. 1981. Women in Law. New York: Basic Books.

____. 1987. "Deceptive Distinctions: Old Biases in New Frameworks." Presented to the conference on Women in the Legal Profession, Madison, Wisc., August.

____. 1988. Deceptive Distinctions: Sex, Gender and the Social Order . New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

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Fairchild, Erika. 1987. "Women Police in: Professionalism, Politics and Innovation in Police Organizations," 21 Law & Society Review 375.

Falcäo, Joaquim. 1988. "Lawyers in Brazil," in Richard L. Abel and Philip S. C. Lewis, eds., Lawyers in Society, vol. 2: The Civil World. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.

Feldberg, Roslyn, and Evelyn Glenn. 1979. "Male and Female: Job Versus Gender Models in the Sociology of Work," 26 Social Problems 524.

Fenning, Lisa Hill. 1984. "Los Angeles Perspective on Hishon: The Slowly Eroding Partnership Barrier," in Women in Law Firms: Planning for the Future . Chicago: American Bar Association Press.

____. 1985. "Parenting and the Big Firm Career." Speech delivered to the National Association for Law Placement, August 22.

____. 1987. "Report from the Front: Progress in the Battle Against Gender Bias in the Legal Profession." Presented to the conference on Women in the Legal Profession, Madison, Wisc., August.

Fenning, Lisa Hill, and Patricia M. Schnegg. 1983. 'The Status of Women in L.A.'s Biggest Firms," 6 Los Angeles Lawyers 27 (November).

Ferguson, Kathy E. 1985. The Feminist Case Against Bureaucracy . Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Feulner, Patricia. 1979. Women in the Professions: A Social-Psychological Study . Palo Alto, Calif.: R & E Research Associates.

Fidell, Linda S. 1970. "Empirical Verification of Sex Discrimination in Hiring Practices in Psychology," 25 American Psychologist 1094.

Fineman, Martha. 1983. "Implementing Equality: Ideology, Contradiction and Social Change: A Study of Rhetoric and Results in the Regulation of the Consequences of Divorce," 1983 Wisconsin Lava Review 789.

____. 1987. "Dominant Discourse, Professional Language and Legal Change: Altering Rules Under the Rubric of Altering Process," 101 Harvard Law Review 727.

Finley, Lucinda. 1986. "Transcending Equality Theory: A Way Out of the Maternity and the Workplace Debate," 86 Columbia Law Review 1118.

Flanagan, Owen, and Kathryn Jackson. 1987. "Justice, Care and Gender: The Kohlberg-Gilligan Debate Revisited," 97 Ethics 622.

Fogarty, Michael Patrick, Rhona Rapoport, and Robert N. Rapoport. 1971. Sex, Career and Family . Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.

Forster, Margaret. 1984. Significant Sisters: The Grassroots of Active Feminism. New York: Oxford University Press.

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____. 1987. "Some Thoughts on Women in the Legal Profession." Presented to the conference on Women in the Legal Profession, Madison, Wisc., August.

Fox, Priscilla. 1978. "Good-bye to Game-playing," Juris Doctor 37 (January).

Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth. 1987. “Women's Rights, Affirmative Action and the Myth of Individualism," 54 George Washington Law Review 338.

Freidson, Eliot. 1986. Professional Powers: A Study of the Institutionalization of Formal Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Frug, Mary Joe. 1979. "Securing Job Equality for Women: Labor Market Hostility to Working Mothers," 59 Boston University Law Review 55.

____. 1987. "The Role of Difference Models in the Study of Women in Law." Presented to the conference on Women in the Legal Profession, Madison, Wisc., August.

Gandhi, J. S. 1988. "Past and Present: A Sociological Portrait of the Indian Legal Profession," in Richard L. Abel and Philip S. C. Lewis, eds., Lawyers in Society , vol. 1: The Common World. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.

Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Gilligan, Carol, Mary Dunlop, Ellen DuBois, Catherine MacKinnon, and Carrie Menkel-Meadow. 1985. "Feminist Discourse, Moral Values and the Law—A Conversation," 34 Buffalo Law Review 11.

Gilligan, Carol, Linda K. Kerber, Catherine Greene, Eleanor Maccoby, Zella Luria, and Carol B. Stack. 1986. "Viewpoint: On In a Different Voice: An Interdisciplinary Forum," 11 Signs 304.

Glazer, Penina Migdal, and Miriam Slater. 1987. Unequal Colleagues: The Entrance of Women Into the Professions, 1890-1940. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.

Gordon, Linda. 1976. Women's Body, Women's Right: A History of Birth Control in America. New York: Grossman.

Gordon, S. 1983. "The New Corporate Feminism," The Nation 1 (February 5).

Graham, Patricia. 1978. "Expansion and Exclusion: A History of Women in American Higher Education," 3 Signs 759.

Gruhl, John, Cassia Spohn, and Susan Welch. 1981. "Women as Policymakers: The Case of Trial Judges," 25 American Journal of Political Science 308.

Haas, Violet, and Carolyn Perrucci, eds. 1984. Women in Scientific and Engineering Professions. Ann Arbor: University' of Michigan Press.

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Hagan, John, Marie Huxter, and Patricia Parker. 1988. "Class Structure and Legal Practice: Inequality and Mobility Among Toronto Lawyers," 22 Law & Society Review 9.

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Halliday,, Terence, Karen Aschaffenberg, and Mark Granfors. 1987. "Gender, Time and Structure in the American Legal Profession: Data From the 1980 U.S. Census." Data presented to the conference on Women in the Legal Profession Madison, Wisc., August.

Haraway, Donna. 1978. "Animal Sociology and A National Economy of the Body Politic: Part II: The Past is the Contested Zone: Human Nature and Theories of Production and Reproduction in Primate Behavior Studies," 1 Signs 1.

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____. 1984. Redesigning the American Dream. The Future of Housing, Work and Family Life. New York: Norton.

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