Preferred Citation: Rudner, David West. Caste and Capitalism in Colonial India: The Nattukottai Chettiars. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  1994. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft88700868/

 

N

Nadappu hundi . See Hundis

Nadappu vatti. See Interest rates

Nagapattinam, 117 , 123

Nakarakkovil : as Nakarattar clan (see Nakarattar kin groups [descent-cum-worship based]; as Nakarattar clan temple (see Temples, by category: clan)

Nakarakkuttam , 210 -211

Nakaram , 166

Nakarattar assets, 38 , 189 -190, 234 . See also Nakarattar capital structure

Nakarattar business practice, 3 -6, chapters 5 and 6 passim

Nakarattar business stations, 4 , 29

Nakarattar business training, 4 , 115 , 118 -119

Nakarattar capital structure, 15 , 38 , 69 -73, 82 -84, 95 -103, 232 -233;

aggregate, 70 -73, 76 -77, 100 -103;

by firm, 70 -73, 76 -77, 100 -103;

liquidity (see Liquidity and cash flow); monetary reserves, 90 -92, 103 , 108 , 123 -124, 164 , 189 , 214 , 216 , 218 , 233 , 234

Nakarattar economic stratification, 67 , 107 -108, 119 -124. See also Nakarattar elite

Nakarattar elite: access to capital, 122 -123;

as clearing houses and reserve banks, 121 -124;

external perceptions of, 5 , 230 ;

as family firms, 106 -108, 109 -111, 114 -118;

as landowners, 67 , 120 -121;

as percentage of all Nakarattars, 67 , 120 ;

in residential villages, 210 -212. See also Adathi ("parent banker"); Mercantile elite

Nakarattar firms: aduthal (subordinate staff), 118 -119;

camayalkaran (cook), 118 ;

cashier, 118 -119;

kirani (clerk), 118 -119;

melal (agent), 114 -118, 165 ;

mudalal (first assistant), 118 ;

mudali (proprietor), 4 , 114 -118, 165 , 195;

personnel of, 4 , 106 , 109 -111, 114 -119;

pettiyadi-payan (errand boy/apprentice), 115 , 118 -119

Nakarattar history, 3 , 53 -55, 69 , 88 , 157 -158, 190 ;

in colonial Burma, 79 -85;

in colonial Ceylon, 73 -79;

in colonial Madras, 57 -73, 147 -157;

in colonial Malaya, 85 -88;

precolonial, 53 , 55 -57, 135 -137;

traditional (see Nakarattar varalaru ; see also Arappat-tayankal )

Nakarattar homeland. See Chettinad

Nakarattar individuals: A. R. A. R. S. M., 78 ;

Annamalai Chettiar, Raja Sir S. Rm. A. M., 66 , 148 -157;

Arunachalem, Al., 66 ;

Arunachalem, V. A. R. V., 66 ;

Chidambaram, 66 ;

Chidambaram, S. Rm. Ct. (Zamindar of Andipatti), 154 , 216 ;

Ganesan, Sa., 216 ;

Kumarappan, 135 -138, 142 -143, 151 , 153 , 157 , 215 ;

Lakshmanan Chettiar, S. M. (Somalay), 6 , 60 , 96 -97, 129 , 167 -174, 184 -185, 209 -211;

Muthia Chettiar, Raja Sir S. Rm. A. M. A., 66 , 148 -157, 216 ;

Muthia, S. Rm. M. Rm., 66 ;

Pethuperamal, 66 ;

Ramadhan, L. Ar. Rm., 66 ;

Ramasami, Al. Ar. (Zamindar of Devakottai), 66 , 67 ;

Rani Meiyamma, 156 ;

Sateeapah Chetty, 63 ;

Subramaniam, 66 ;

Thiagarajan, Kalimuthu, 154 , 216 ;

Vairavan, Me, Ct. 66 ;

Veerappah, Chetty, 63

Nakarattar investments. See Burma; Ceylon; Madras Presidency; Malaya

Nakarattar kin (contakkarar ), 102 , 160 -162

Nakarattar kin categories: amman , 164 , 177 -178, 184 ;

attan , 164 , 178 , 184 -186;

maittunan , 164 , 178 , 184 ;

― 336 ―

Nakarattar kin categories: (continued )

mamakkarar , 164 , 177 -178, 184 -186;

catunkukkarar , 177 ;

natanar , 177 ;

urimai pen , 185 . See also Nakarattar kin terms

Nakarattar kin groups (affinal), 160 -162;

campantipuram (in-laws, "perfect affines"), 161 -162, 171 , 173 , 178 , 181 , 183 -185, 188 ;

tayatikal as "virtual affines," 161 -164, 181 ;

tayatikal as wife's natal family (valavu ), 115 , 161 -164, 170 -179, 184 -188

Nakarattar kin groups (bilateral): affinal kindred, 4 , 162 -163, 176 , 180 ;

internal segmentation of, 176 -177

Nakarattar kin groups (descent-cum-worship based), 189 -212;

half pulli (widow with married children or no children), 111 , 211 ;

kovil, kovil pankali, nakarakkovil (temple-clan), 6 , 30 , 161 , 166 , 169 , 190 -194, 197 , 198 , 201 , 207 , 211 (see also Temples, by category: clan);

kuttikira pankalikal (maximal lineage segment), 4 , 6 , 115 , 148 , 161 -162, 164 , 176 -179, 197 -198, 200 -202, 207 -209;

pirivu, vatakai (intermediate level, village-based lineage segment), 4 , 197 -198, 200 , 202 , 208 -209;

pulli (conjugal family), 6 , 106 -108, 111 -114, 164 , 170 , 175 , 177 -178, 184 , 186 , 194 , 197 -198, 200 -201, 208 -209;

valavu (minimal lineage segment, joint family), 4 , 6 , 67 , 106 -108, 109 -114, 162 , 164 , 176 -179, 197 -198, 200 -201, 208 -209

Nakarattar kin terms, 160 -162, 188 , 245 -247

Nakarattar names, 109 . See also Tolil vilacam (business name); Vitu vilacam (house name)

Nakarattar panchayats (conflict-resolving councils), 107 -108, 124 , 126 -128

Nakarattar philanthropy, 3 , 5 . See also Religious gifting and secular philanthropy

Nakarattar population, 67 , 111 , 202 -203

Nakarattar sangams (caste associations), 106 -108, 126 , 147 , 150

Nakarattar varalaru , 190 -193, 195 -197, 224 -228, 230

Nakaravitutis (rest houses, choultries), 5 , 118 , 124 -126, 169

Nanayam. See Values: trustworthiness

Narasingampatti , 58

Narayan, R. K., 35

Nattu teyvam. See Deities and ghosts

Natu. See Territorial division

Nawab of Arcot, 62

Nawab of the Carnatic, 58

Nayak of Madurai, 55 , 136 -137, 225 -226

Nayak of Vijayagiri, 136 -137, 151

Neale, Walter, 34 , 191

Nemam temple, 136 , 167

Nerttikkatan , 206

Nicholson, F. A., 40

Nisbet, John, 86

Nuer , 128 , 221

 

Preferred Citation: Rudner, David West. Caste and Capitalism in Colonial India: The Nattukottai Chettiars. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  1994. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft88700868/