I

Ibsen, Henrik, 3 , 21 , 80 , 216 , 260 , 280 ;

Ibsenism, 17

Icarus myth, 42 , 341

Iliad,55 , 264

Illustrated Irish Weekly Independent and Nation , 243 -44, 255 , 259

imram:

characteristics of Irish genre, 156 , 181 n.6, 183 -84, 184 n.11, 195 , 204 -5;

imram and Molly's Gibraltar, 202 -11, 296 -97;

imram elements in U,xvi , 2 , 48 , 189 , 189 n.21, 202 -11, 234 , 296 -97, 341 ;

imram elements in PA , 187 -89;

as international genre, 344 ;

Joyce's knowledge of, 185 -86, 234 , 292 , 294 , 296 -99

Imram Brain maic Febail. See The Voyage of Bran Son of Febal

Imram Curaig hua Corra (The Voyage of the Ui Corra),185 , 186 n, 234

Imram Curaig Máele Dúin. See The Voyage of Mael Duin

Imram Snedgusa ocus Maic Ríagla (The Voyage of Snedgus and Mac Riagla) , 185 , 234

Indo-European (cf. 313);

hypothesis, 39 , 318 , 321 , 326 ;

languages, 38 , 38 n, 39 n, 248 ;

literature, 70 , 340 ;

mythological patterns, 34 , 98 , 128 , 186

Inghinidhe na hÉireann, 225 , 228 , 238 n, 311

Innisfree, 154

Instructions of Cormac, The (Tecosca Chormaic),144 -46

intertextuality:

role of in criticism, 2 , 118 ;

Irish intertextuality of Joyce's work, 5 -6, 12 , 20 , 61 , 69 , 73 , 78 -79, 91 , 123 , 128 , 141 -42, 169 , 177 , 329 , -39, 338 n, 344

Intoxication of the Ulstermen, The (Mesca Ulad) , 84 , 89 , 234

Ireland:

autonomous myth of, 20 , 119 , 193 , 212 , 327 -33, 346 ;

cultural nationalism in, 10 , 15 -16, 64 , 107 , 135 , 157 -59, 175 , 222 -23, 230 -33, 236 -37, 241 , 253 -54, 255 , 266 -67, 271 , 272 , 275 -76, 278 -80, 294 , 295 , 296 , 299 , 301 -2, 303 , 306 , 308 -13, 321 -23, 324 , 325 -26, 337 -38, 342 ;

dispossession in, 18 -19, 33 , 105 , 168 , 330 , 347 ;

divided tradition of, 18 -19, 171 -76, 177 , 180 , 333 -34, 334 n.7, 342 , 343 , 346 -47;

Joyce's oral sources in, 9 , 222 , 269 -72, 273 , 273 n.43, 277 , 281 , 302 , 323 -24;

languages of, 18 ;

laws of, 224 ;

oral tradition in, xiv , 9 , 62 -63, 222 , 330 , 330 n;

school curricula in, 223 -25, 239 , 274 , 278 , 284 n;

saints of, 224 , 235 , 236 , 248 , 251 ;

symbols of, 9 , 118 , 212 , 254 n, 328 -31, 336 , 346

"Ireland, Island of Saints and Sages," 39 , 43

Irische Texte , 301 , 318 , 322

Irish Agricultural Association Society, 229 , 251

Irish Catholic,250 -51, 309

Irish culture:

comparative perspective in, 340 -41;

general knowledge about Irish literature in, 221 -76, 277 -315, 316 , 325 -26;

importance of names in, 160 , 253 ;

inversions of gender markers in, 127 -28, 329 ;

Joyce believes that origin is Egyptian and Phoenician, 39 ;

medievalism of, 289 , 330 -32, 335 -37, 350 ;

semiotics of, 106 , 120 -21, 127 -29, 159 -66, 313 , 329 -30, 333 ;

Spanish origin of, 50 , 93 -94, 247 -49, 295 , 295 n, 303

Irish Daily Independent and Daily Nation,240 n, 243 , 243 n

Irish dramatic movement, 231 , 238 n.23, 240 , 246 , 330 -31, 334 n.8, 346 ;

breaks with popular culture, 17 , 226 n.3;

Joyce's knowledge of Irish literature from, 228 -29;

related to Joyce's use of dramatic forms, 212 -17

Irish Field and Gentleman's Gazette,250

Irish folklore, 9 , 99 , 109 , 128 n.37, 166 n. 35,169 , 184 n.11;

discussed in Irish periodicals, 236 , 246 -47;

other world narratives and beliefs in, 180 , 182 -84, 185 , 192 -93, 196 , 198 -200, 213 -17, 226 ;

senchas in, 10 , 140 , 157 , 166

Irish Free State, 49 , 136 , 222 , 314 , 328

Irish god of the dead, 1 , 163 n.31, 187 n.20, 331

Irish goddesses, 97 -107;

ambivalence of, 134 ;

associated with cows and milk, 108 -9;

associated with grains, 115 , 115 n.28;

no Celtic goddess of love, 97 , 100 ;

as determinants of Molly's character, 107 -19;

fertility goddesses, 98 -100;

mother goddesses, 98 , 100 , 111 , 115 , 236 ;

mother of the gods, 98 ;

part of cultural consciousness of Ireland, 106 ;

river or well goddesses, 97 , 99 -100, 111 -12;

territorial goddesses, 97 , 99 , 100 , 110 , 111 , 117 , 155 ;

war goddesses, 97 , 98 -99, 105 , 109 -10, 111 , 114 , 114 n.25, 115

Irish hero tale, 2 n.1, 110 , 165 -66, 167 , 234 , 262 ;

closer to classical epic than to medieval epic, 184 n.11, 294 -95;

form of compared with form of U,54 -95, 171 ;

sophisticated view of heroic culture and values in, 88 -89, 160 , 338

Irish Homestead,229 , 251 -52, 251 n

Irish imagery, 1 , 10 , 72 , 134 , 187 , 212 , 236 -37, 252 , 253 , 330 ;

menstruation, 111 -12, 114 , 114 n.25, 125 n, 135 ;

otherworld, 2 , 9 , 185 n.15, 187 -217, 236 -37, 253 , 296 , 328 -29, 332 , 341 ;

rose, 102 -3, 103 n.11, 120 -21 (cf. 125 , 163 , 227 , 236 , 253 );

Sovereignty, 2 , 106 , 107 -19, 124 -25, 153 , 227 , 236 , 253 , 295 , 331 -32;

urination, 111 -13, 299

Irish language, 26 -27, 38 , 38n, 268 , 269 , 271 , 271 n.39, 307 ;

Anglo-Irish dialects influenced by, 20 , 307 n, 319 n.29, 329 -31, 329 n, 331 n.4;

Gaelic, 19 , 109 ;

information in popular press about, 237 , 240 , 242 , 243 , 244 , 246 , 248 , 252 ;

Joyce believes it derives from Phoenician, 39 (cf. 39 n);

Joyce's knowledge of, 196 , 271 , 277 -82, 285 -86, 286 n.8, 292 , 318 -23, 325 (cf. 12 );

linked with Hebrew in Book of Invasions,39 -40, 285 -86, 286 n.8;

orthography of, xiv ;

periods of, xiv , 19 , 282 , 320 ;

seen as Semitic language, 37 -38;

transposition in English, 262 , 268 ;

Vallancey's theories of, 37

Irish language movement, 41 , 231 , 238 n, 239 -40, 243 , 244 , 245 , 252 , 278 -80. See also Gaelic League

Irish Language Week, 238 n, 239 -40, 243 , 244 n, 251

Irish literary revival, 64 , 155 , 241 , 271 , 304 , 323 , 344 ;

Anglo-Irish idiom of, 262 , 268 , 307 n;

and belief in reincarnation, 45 , 313 -15;

bound by Victorian morality, 136 , 198 , 308 ;

claims about Joyce's disdain of, 22 ;

commitment to English poetics, 57 , 175 -76, 334 , 334 n.7, 345 ;

desire in for a national epic, 54 ;

desire in for a national literature, 15 -18, 267 -69, 304 , 306 (cf. 298 );

discourse in about Irish racial identity, 255 -56;

information about in popular press, 232 , 237 , 239 -41, 244 , 251 ;

Joyce's differences from writers of, 11 , 51 , 81 , 90 , 119 , 135 -36, 158 -59, 175 -76, 198 , 210 , 256 , 258 , 263 , 276 , 302 , 315 , 326 , 334 , 336 , 337 -38, 345 (cf. 227 -28);

Joyce's similarity to writers of, 2 , 5 , 51 , 135 -36, 158 -59, 254 , 263 -64, 276 , 302 , 308 , 315 ;

localism as value of, 154 -55, 157 -59, 260 -64;

members of write for popular press, 246 , 252 ;

O'Grady as seminal figure in, 25 , 223 ;

otherworld in writings of, 9 , 185 , 226 ;

as part of popular culture, 222 , 225 -29, 226 n.3;

peasant and rural ideals of, 109 , 158 -59 (cf. 131 -36, 309 );

poet as visionary in, 305 -6, 313 -15;

sense of place, 154 -55;

translations of, 15 , 55 -57, 64 , 64 n, 73 , 73 n.17, 222 , 268 , 272 , 342 ;

use of Sovereignty myth by, 96 , 101 -7, 120 -21, 131 -33, 135 -36;

use of Ulster Cycle by, xvi , 226 -29, 315 , 316 ;

writings of as refractions of Irish literature, 9 -10, 222 , 225 -29, 273 , 321 -22, 326 , 336 , 337 ;

writings of in Zurich's Zentralbibliothek, 321 , 322 n

Irish Literary Society, 15 , 259 , 304

Irish Literary Theatre, 15 , 16 , 227 -29, 238 n, 254

Irish literature, 135 ;

archaism of, xiv , xv , 19 -20, 73 , 89 , 140 , 145 -46, 160 -62, 174 , 212 , 272 , 289 , 297 -98, 307 , 312 , 346 ;

detail of, 310 ;

difficulties presented to modern readers, 62 -65, 68 , 342 -44;

dindsenchas^[*] in, 10 , 141 -43, 145 , 152 , 153 -59, 160 , 174 , 260 -64;

drama not a native genre of, 212 -13, 310 -11 (cf. 173 -74);

earthiness of, 32 , 50 , 56 , 64 , 81 -86, 94 -95, 97 -98, 100 , 101 , 103 , 106 , 112 -14, 118 , 124 , 126 , 127 -28, 196 , 203 , 207 , 272 , 292 , 297 , 299 -301, 308 -11, 312 , 322 -23, 326 , 336 , 337 , 338 ;

episodic structure of narrative in, 55 , 60 -65, 67 , 167 , 171 , 175 , 298 ;

etymology in, 160 -62, 160 n.25, 292 ;

formalism of, 2 n.2, 15 , 16 , 20 , 135 , 306 -8;

gaps in, 60 -63, 66 , 68 , 95 , 175 , 272 , 342 ;

genres of, 138 -76, 183 -84, 184 n.12, 189 -211, 212 -13, 236 , 294 , 304 , 326 , 342 ;

historical cast to, 110 -11, 165 -66, 168 -71, 147 , 264 -66, 288 -89, 292 , 298 , 313 n;

humor in, 2 n.2, 14 -15, 79 -91, 127 , 135 , 146 , 150 -52, 175 , 210 , 272 , 294 , 298 , 300 -1, 310 -11, 322 , 326 , 331 , 337 -38, 350 ;

implicit assumptions in, 62 -64, 66 -68, 342 ;

inconsistencies in, 61 -62, 64 -65, 68 , 72 , 82 , 149 , 149 n.9, 150 -51, 272 , 294 , 323 (cf. 181 -82, 193 -94);

information in popular culture about, 221 -76, 277 , 278 , 302 , 302 -4, 306 -8, 316 , 325 -26, 331 ;

lists in, 146 -52, 161 ;

mixed tone of, 14 -16, 79 -91, 171 , 175 , 292 , 342 ;

mixture of prose and poetry in narratives of, 68 -79, 95 , 167 , 292 , 294 , 307 ;

Modern Irish literature, xv , 2 -3n.2, 19 , 101 , 196 -98, 236 , 237 , 319 , 321 ;

names in, 142 , 145 , 155 -57, 159 -66, 174 , 262 -64, 292 (cf. 97 , 99 , 115 n.28);

obscurity of, 305 , 306 -8;

oral nature of, xiv , 9 , 62 -63, 65 -66, 174 , 330 , 330 n;

orthographical variation in, xiv ; periods of, xiv , 19 ;

poetics of, xiv , xv , 12 , 54 -95, 138 -76, 221 , 233 , 236 , 268 , 271 , 322 -23, 326 , 331 ;

poetry, 70 -73, 75 -79, 189 , 205 n, 246 , 247 , 252 , 268 , 306 -8;

position of women in, 311 -13 (cf. 96 -137);

prose styles of, 69 -70, 74 n, 149 , 173 -74, 189 , 308 ;

schematization in, 82 , 150 -51, 151 n;

stylistic variation in, 55 -57, 68 -79, 94 -95, 171 , 173 -74, 301 , 306 -8, 310 -11;

system of, 11 , 18 -20, 56 , 65 , 140 , 144 , 174 -76, 33 -34, 339 -42;

tale lists of, 184 n.11, 294 , 304 ;

tradition of, xiv , xv , 2 , 2 n.2, 10 , 11 , 19 -20, 119 , 212 , 328 -33, 346 ;

translation of, 15 , 54 -57, 64 , 64 n, 73 , 73 n.17, 74 n, 222 , 246 , 250 , 272 , 294 , 300 -1, 322 -23, 342 -44;

variations in perspective in, 62 -66, 68 , 72 , 76 , 193 -94, 209

Irish myth, 221 , 323 ;

ambivalence of figures in, 133 -34, 183 , 202 , 202 n;

autonomous tradition of, 20 , 119 , 193 , 212 , 327 -33, 346 ;

battle of gods in, 34 ;

no concept of Hell in, 9 , 47 , 269 , 324 ;

disambiguation of, 202 , 202 n;

figures from as avatars, 21 -36, 43 -49,

Irish myth (continued ) 50 -51, 107 -37, 313 -15;

gods in Irish hero tale, 184 n.11;

historicization of, 110 -11, 168 -69, 247 , 264 -66, 288 -89, 292 , 298 , 313 n;

information in popular culture about, 223 -54, 303 -4, 311 -13;

role of female characters in, 311 -13;

survey of goddesses, 97 -107 (cf. 107 -19);

time of the gods, 209

Irish National Theatre Society, 15 , 17 , 238 n, 243 , 252

Irish otherworld, xv , 167 , 179 -220, 328 ;

accessibility of, 156 , 180 -81, 189 -91;

associated with knowledge, 26 , 70 , 179 , 179 -80n, 182 -85, 187 , 188 , 200 -2;

associated with sight, 140 , 179 , 184 -85, 187 -88, 193 -94, 194 n.30, 200 , 206 ;

compared with Greek otherworld, 186 -87, 211 -12n, 297 -98;

eating in, 182 , 199 -200, 203 , 205 -6;

entrapment in, 181 -82, 186 , 195 -200, 293 , 329 ;

as happy otherworld, 178 , 186 -87, 189 , 202 -11, 211 -12n, 212 , 234 , 297 -98, 303 , 323 n;

hostility of, 181 -84, 186 , 187 , 189 -202;

illusion in, 182 -83, 193 -94;

inversions in, 63 , 191 -92, 192 n;

Joyce's knowledge of literature about, 9 , 185 -89, 226 , 233 -34, 292 -99, 323 n;

as kingmaker, 183 , 183 n.10, 200 ;

as land of women, 180 , 195 -98, 203 , 204 (cf. 188 , 220 );

located on a pillar, 203 , 206 , 206 n, 218 ;

locations of, 180 -81, 189 -91, 193 , 203 , 206 , 206 n, 211 -12n, 218 ;

mist as entry to, 184 , 184 n.11, 188 , 203 , 205 , 218 (cf. 180 , 204 );

names of, 180 , 195 , 203 -4;

peace of, 203 , 206 -8;

sexuality in, 192 -93, 196 -98, 203 , 206 -8, 227 , 297 -98, 328 (cf. 227 );

as sinless, 191 -92, 191 n.27, 203 , 207 -8, 220 (cf. 227 );

temporal relation to mortal world, 63 , 110 , 113 , 180 , 181 , 183 , 189 , 192 n, 193 , 208 -10;

transformation and metamorphosis in, 97 -98, 100 , 101 , 105 , 110 , 128 , 182 -83, 186 , 195 , 198 n.35 (cf. 131 -37);

well of, 179

Irish periodicals, 222 , 229 -54

"Irish Poet, An," 231 n.12

Irish poetics. See under Irish literature

Irish Texts Society, 45 n.33, 246 , 247 , 285 n

Irish Times,238 , 239 -40

Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, The Gaelic Journal , 229 , 252

Iser, Wolfgang, 5 -6, 65 -66, 68 , 69

Isidore of Seville, 161

Isolde, 157 n.22