Index
A
Aachen, University of, 274
Acetic acid (and derivatives), 3 , 51 , 55 -57, 59 -60, 63 -66, 72 -73, 75 -78, 139 , 143 -146, 148 , 155 , 184 , 192 -196, 204 , 230 -231
Acetoacetic ester synthesis, 312 -313, 316
Acetone. See Ketones
Acetyl radical, 52 , 72 -73, 76 , 101 , 148
Acids, organic, 60 , 63 -66, 72 -73, 75 , 98 -99, 106 , 142 , 149 , 185 , 192 -196, 204 , 242 , 251 ;
anydrides of, 99 -100, 138 , 142 , 144 -145, 341 . See also specific acids
Adipic acid, 76
Afzelius, Pehr, 14
Agriculture and agricultural chemistry, 53 , 95 , 114 , 126 , 275 , 282 , 439
Albert (king of Saxony), 266
Albrecht, Wilhelm, 266
Alcohol, ethyl, 45 , 60 , 65 , 76 , 102 , 136 -137, 142 , 192 , 204 , 226 -227
Alcohols, 76 , 146 , 184 , 192 -196, 204 , 215 -230, 242 ;
amyl, 227 , 229 -230;
n -butyl, 75 , 227 , 229 ;
t -butyl, 192 -193, 199 , 204 , 226 -230;
iso -propyl, 192 -193, 199 , 204 , 226 -230;
n -propyl, 227
Aldehydes, 76 , 99 , 184 -185, 192 -193, 204 , 215
Alexander II, Czar of Russia, 257
Altenstein, Karl Freiherr von Stein zum, 12 , 15 , 16 , 27
Aluminum, 17
Amides, 99 , 101 -103, 144 , 192
Amines, 80 -82, 96 -97, 99 , 135 , 141 , 149 , 152 , 215 , 241
Aminobenzoic acid(s), 291 , 293 , 296
Ammonia, amidogen, 79 -80, 82 , 96 -97, 99 , 101 -102
Ampère, André Marie, 141 , 157 , 159 , 244
Amyl radical, 67 -68, 139 -140
Analysis, 17 , 22 , 26 , 47 , 63 , 75 , 145 -146, 246 , 249
Aniline, 59 , 79 -82, 89 , 96 , 290
Annalen (J. Liebig, ed., Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie ), 286 -289, 354 -355 passim
Anschütz, Richard, 198 , 419
Antisemitism, 130 , 132 , 350 -363, 371 , 461 -462è
Arago, Dominique Franois Jean, 92 , 347
Armsby, Henry Prentiss, 321
Armstrong, Henry Edward, 124 , 127 , 284 -285, 299 , 302 , 307 , 310 , 315 , 320 , 337 , 340 , 368 -370, 410 , 447 , 452 , 464
Aromatic compounds, 290 -309;
defined, 290 . See also Benzene and other specific aromatic compounds
Aspirin, 309
Atomicity of elements 1, 159 -160, 168 -170, 173 -178, 186 , 201 , 250 , 253 , 256 , 258 -259, 262 . See also Valence
Atomic theory, 14 , 15 , 90 -91, 244 -245. See also Atomic weights; Equivalents, conventional
Atomic weights, 1 , 3 , 71 , 156 -161, 299 ;
Berzelius', 1 , 52 , 106 ;
Laurent's and Gerhardt's, 87 -91, 94 -107, 130 , 136 -138, 141 , 143 -144, 152 , 176 -177, 189 -190, 202 -203, 219 , 299 , 310 -311, 314 -317
Austro-Prussian War, 279 , 342 , 353
Avogadro, Amedeo, 88 , 157
B
Bacon, Francis, 244 -245, 348 , 372
Baden, Grand Duchy of, 5 , 109 , 270 -271, 352
Baeyer, Adolf, 142 , 167 -168, 183 , 202 , 232 , 235 , 243 , 263 , 284 , 298 , 317 -318, 321 , 326 , 328 , 330 -332, 334 -336, 345 , 352 , 354 -357, 359 , 361 , 364 , 370 , 414 , 435 , 438 , 451 , 459 , 463
Bahrmann, Robert, 449
Balard, Antoine Jérome, 94 , 107
Bancroft, Wilder Dwight, 247
Bardeleben, Charlotte von. See Kolbe, Charlotte
Bardeleben, Johanna von, née Holzförster, 118
Bardeleben, Wilhelm von, 118
Barreswil, Charles-Louis, 347
Barth, Ludwig, 289 , 296
Baudrimont, Alexandre Édouard, 135
Baumert, Georg, 166
Beckmann, Ernst, 284 , 310 , 321 , 323 , 369 , 393 -394, 451
Beilstein, (Konrad) Friedrich, 204 , 231 -233, 255 , 263 -264, 286 , 288 , 295 -296, 298 , 303 , 337 , 356 , 435 , 446
Benzene, 290 -291, 293 -304, 317 , 325 , 327 , 365 , 374 ;
Kekulé's theory of, 296 -304, 327 -328, 331 , 338 , 365 , 374 ;
Kolbé's theory of, 299 -304
Benzoic acid, 63 , 66 , 80 , 291 -297, 301 -304, 307 -308
Benzoyl radical, 18 , 24 , 51 -52, 148
Berichte (Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft ). See Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft
Beringer, August, 19
Berlin, city and University of, 4 -5, 13 , 15 -16, 27 -29, 109 , 266 , 271 -276, 279 , 283 , 352 -358, 371
Berthelot, (Pierre Eugène) Marcellin, 107 , 159 , 175 , 204 , 227 -228, 240 -241
Berthollet, Claude-Louis, 244
Beryllium, 17
Berzelius, Jöns Jacob, 1 , 5 , 14 -18, 20 -21, 24 , 26 -27, 29 , 31 -34, 45 -64, 67 , 68 , 71 , 75 -79, 85 -86, 90 -91, 93 -94, 100 , 106 , 110 , 129 , 130 -132, 135 , 148 , 155 -156, 158 , 174 , 181 , 189 , 209 , 240 , 244 -245, 287 , 289 , 302 , 327 , 330 , 333 -335, 340 , 351 , 387 -390, 395 -397, 402 , 405 , 420 , 431
Berzelius' Jahresberichte , 15 -17, 24 , 45 , 49 -50, 61 , 162 , 287 , 289
Bischof, Carl Gustav Christoph, 27 , 271
Bischoff, Ernst, 32
Bismarck, Otto von, 112 , 342 , 344 , 352 , 354 , 360 , 362 , 371
Blomstrand, Christian, 161
Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, 11
Bonn, city and University of, 3 -4, 13 , 21 , 27 , 266 , 271 -274, 278 -279, 364
Böttger, Rudolph Christian, 166
Boussingault, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné, 341 , 347
Braunschweig, city and Duchy of, 5 , 35 , 68 -71, 74 -75, 110 , 119
Breslau, city and University of, 26 -28, 109 -110, 266 , 271 , 362
Brodie, Benjamin Collins, Jr., 140 , 142 , 154 , 179 , 182 -183, 202 , 373
Brown, Alexander Crum. See Crum Brown, Alexander
Browne, Sir Thomas, 368
Buckton, George Bawdler, 197
Buff, Heinrich, 69
Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm, 3 , 5 , 16 , 22 , 24 -26, 29 , 32 -34, 43 , 45 -48, 54 , 56 , 59 , 61 -63, 65 -67, 74 -75, 108 -113, 116 -117, 123 , 126 -127, 132 , 142 , 163 , 166 -167, 171 , 181 , 187 -188, 202 , 204 , 210 -213, 216 , 224 , 229 , 235 -238, 245 , 248 , 261 , 271 -273, 277 , 281 , 330 , 333 -334, 337 , 340 , 344 , 352 , 354 , 356 , 360 , 364 , 369 -371, 390 , 395 -396, 398
Bunsen burners, 32 , 238
Butlerov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich, 1 , 107 , 127 , 178 , 205 , 228 , 233 , 235 , 252 , 257 -259, 261 -264, 286 -287, 311 , 315 -316, 320 , 345 , 368 , 420 , 428 , 434 -435, 444 , 449
Butyl radical, 97 , 140
Butyric acid, 66 , 313
Byk, Heinrich, 449
C
Cacodyl radical, 24 -25, 56 -57, 61 , 67 , 72 -73
Cahours, Auguste André Thomas, 87 , 88 , 92 , 100 , 142 , 162 , 344 , 356
Cailliot, Amedée, 94
Cannizzaro, Stanislao, 3 , 203 , 295
Caproic acid, 64 , 66 , 313
Carbohydrates, 60 , 241
Carbolic acid. See Phenol
Carbon disulfide and its chlorination products, 48 -49, 58 -60
Carbonic acid theory, Kolbe's, 155 , 181 -209, 212 -213, 217 , 317 , 325 , 348 -349, 372 , 375
Carbonyl, 73 , 196 . See also Acetic acid; Acids, organic; Aldehydes; Amides; Ketones
Carius, Ludwig, 142 , 171 , 261
Carnot, Hippolyte, 92
Carnot, Sadi, 92
Caro, Heinrich, 242 , 284 , 350
Carstanjen, Ernst, 299 , 322 , 449
Chancel, Gustave, 99 , 100 , 142
Chapman, Ernest Theophron, 123 , 236
Chauvinism, 72 , 78 , 131 -132, 150 , 340 -349, 354 -356, 371 , 377
Chestnuts, 335
Chevreul, Michel Eugène, 24
Chiozza, Ludwig, 100 , 142 , 144
Chlorobenzoic acid(s), 293 , 296
Claus, Adolph Carl Ludwig, 123 , 213 , 298 , 300 -301, 310 , 338 , 418 , 445 -446
Claus, Carl Ernst. See Klaus, Karl Ernst
Comte, Auguste, 170
Constitutions, chemical, 49 -61, 63 -65, 72 -73, 76 -83, 90 -91, 97 -98, 103 -104, 135 , 143 -146, 148 , 168 -171, 181 , 217 , 219 , 254 -264, 324 , 368 , 373 , 375
Conventionalism, 90 , 101 , 105 -106, 171 , 209 , 244 , 372 -375
Copula theory, 55 -61, 63 -64, 66 , 72 -73, 76 , 79 -82, 96 , 135 -136, 139 , 147 , 149 , 155 , 168 , 184 , 186 , 192 , 198 , 204
Couper, Archibald Scott, 1 , 107 , 161 , 173 , 175 -176, 178 -179, 219 , 250 , 254 , 257 , 291 , 345 , 419
Credé, Carl Siegmund Franz, 309
Credner, Carl Hermann Georg, 321
Crookes, William, 287
Crum Brown, Alexander, 123 , 128 , 161 , 218 , 221 , 231 , 235 -236, 254 , 298 , 310 -311, 313 -315, 338 , 345 , 368 -369
Curtius, Theodor, 284 , 310 , 321 , 323 , 369 , 451
Cyanide, cyano group, cyanogen. See Nitriles
D
Dale, Richard S., 242
Dalton, John, 105 , 243 , 418
Davy, Humphry, 52 , 95 , 105 , 139 , 158
Debus, Heinrich, 33 -34, 46 , 108 , 194 , 215 -216, 218 , 220 , 223 -224, 390
Degener, Paul, 451
De la Rue, Warren, 163 , 231 , 295
Delavaud, H. Charles, 161
Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft, 2 , 288 -289, 344 , 353 -357, 359 , 364 , 369 -370
Deutsches Haus, 111
Deville, Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire, 86 , 107 , 347
Deville, Madame, 347
Dewar, James, 298 , 300
Didot (publisher), 100
Dithionic acid, 58 -59, 65 , 185
Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang, 9 , 26 , 29 , 45
Dove, Heinrich Wilhelm, 27
Drechsel, Edmund, 123 , 235 , 285 , 321 , 363
Dulong, Pierre Louis, 21 , 52 , 95 , 347
Dumas, Jean Baptiste André, 1 , 16 , 22 , 24 , 27 , 50 -51, 53 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 66 , 72 , 78 , 82 , 84 -90, 92 -95, 97 -98, 100 , 102 -103, 105 -107, 134 -135, 141 -142, 148 -150, 157 -159, 162 , 164 , 167 -168, 178 , 182 , 204 , 208 -209, 244 , 333 , 335 , 341 , 345 , 347 -348, 360 , 371 , 396 , 402 , 412 , 414 , 417 , 420 , 461
Duppa, Baldwin Francis, 229 -232, 312 -316
Dyes, synthetic organic, 241 -243, 284 , 290 , 305 , 308 -309, 322 , 366
E
Economy, German, 4 , 265 -266, 269 -271, 282 -284
Ekeberg, Anders Gustav, 14
Electrochemical dualism, 1 , 46 , 48 -53, 55 -56, 60 -61, 72 -73, 76 -82, 87 , 91 , 95 -96, 99 , 102 , 134 -137, 147 -149, 179 , 181 -183, 207 , 244 , 374 -375, 377
Electrolysis reactions, 59 -60, 63 , 75 , 77 , 138 -139, 144 -145, 150 , 153 , 260
Eliot, Charles William, 236 , 321
Enlightenment, 12 -14, 30 -33, 38 -39, 70
Equivalents, conventional, 1 , 71 -72, 87 -91, 94 -96, 101 , 106 -107, 130 , 141 , 143 , 156 -161, 177 , 189 -190, 204 -207, 219 , 226 , 254 , 310 , 314 -317
Erdmann, Otto Linné, 69 , 86 , 133 , 142 , 202 , 268 -269, 274 -279, 281 -282, 286 , 288 -289, 310 , 317 , 328 , 337 , 413
Erlangen, University of, 21 , 27 , 29
Erlenmeyer, (Richard August Carl) Emil, 142 , 152 , 161 , 167 , 172 , 175 , 227 , 229 -231, 233 , 250 , 252 -264, 286 -289, 298 , 311 , 337 , 344 -345, 356 , 364 , 368 , 410 , 418 , 425 , 428 , 433 -434, 442 , 448 , 460
Erman, Paul, 27
Ernst August (king of Hanover), 36 , 41 , 44 , 418
Eschenbach, Christian Gotthold, 268
Ethane, 77 , 139
Ethers, 98 -99, 102 , 136 -141, 145 -146, 184 , 241 . See also Williamson reaction
Ethylene. See Olefins
Ethyl hydride, 77 , 139 , 311 -312
Ethyl radical, 66 -68, 97 , 136 -141, 187 -189, 311 -312
Even-number rule of Laurent, 89 -90, 139 , 150 , 157 -158
F
Fahlberg, Constantin, 284 , 320 , 322
FaIkenstein, Paul von, 266 -270, 275 -278, 280 , 289 , 439
Faraday, Michael, 57 , 62 , 181 , 244
Fehling, Hermann von, 23 , 63 , 128 , 203 , 226 , 273
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 12
Fick, Adolf Eugen, 66
Fick, Sophie. See Frankland, Sophie
Finkelstein, Berthold, 285 , 363
Fischer, Emil, 242 -243, 334 , 345 , 451
Fischer, Ernst Gottfried, 27
Fischer, Georg, 123 , 296 -297, 444
Fischer, Nicolaus Wolfgang, 26 -27, 109
Fischer, Otto Philipp, 242 -243
Fittica, Friedrich, 321
Fittig, Rudolf, 172 , 255 , 269 , 288 , 295 , 464
Formic acid, 45 , 98 , 242
Formulas: rational, 50 -52, 55 -60, 87 , 135 , 148 , 170 -171, 217 -222, 254 -264;
two-volume versus four-volume, 1 , 52 , 71 -72, 87 -91, 94 -96, 106 , 135 -141, 156 -161. See also Atomic weights; Equivalents, conventional; Notation
Förster, Bernhard, 358
Foster, George Carey, 161
Fourcroy, Antoine Francois de, 14 -15
Franco-Prussian War, 286 , 342 -344, 346 -347
Frankland, Edward, 1 , 39 -40, 62 -71, 74 -75, 79 , 81 -82, 96 , 101 , 104 , 111 , 120 , 123 , 135 , 137 , 138 -142, 146 , 148 -150, 154 -155, 158 -159, 162 -163, 165 , 173 -174, 178 , 181 -190, 201 , 203 -205, 207 , 212 -213, 229 -232, 235 -236, 241 , 257 , 259 , 274 , 283 -284, 298 , 300 , 306 -307, 310 -317, 320 , 326 -327, 332 -335, 337 -338, 340 , 342 -343, 345 -346, 348 , 368 -370, 373 -374, 377 , 395 , 397 -399, 415 , 420 -421, 437 , 445 , 454 -456
Frankland, Percy, 333
Frankland, Sophie (née Fick), 66 , 111
Freitag, Gustav, 351
Fremy, Edmond, 100 , 107 , 142
Fresenius, Carl Remigius, 166
Friedel, Charles, 223 , 227 -228, 403 , 428
Friedrich III (king of Prussia and German Emperor), 363
Friedrich Wilhelm (Elector of Hesse-Kassel), 111 -112
Friedrich Wilhelm IV (king of Prussia), 351
Fuchs, Johann Nepomuk von, 109
Functional groups, 78 , 170 , 215 , 256 . See also specific functional groups
Fusel oil, 45 , 227 , 229
G
Gagern, Heinrich von, 461
Gaudin, Marc Antoine Augustin, 135 , 157 , 160 , 420
Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 11 , 245 , 388
Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis, 15 , 21 -22, 24 , 27 , 50 , 68 , 92 , 106 , 347 , 396
Georg Ludwig (Elector of Hanover, also King George I of Great Britain), 35
Gerber, Carl Friedrich von, 269 , 281
Gerding, Thamas, 130
Gerhardt, Charles, Jr., 404
Gerhardt, Charles Frédéric, 1 , 3 , 16 , 55 -57, 61 , 78 , 80 , 82 , 86 -107, 129 -133, 135 -139, 141 -146, 148 , 151 -155, 157 -159, 162 -168, 170 -171, 173 , 175 -179, 182 -183, 190 -192, 198 -203, 206 , 208 -209, 215 , 224 -226, 241 , 248 , 253 , 260 , 262 -263, 274 , 290 , 304 , 334 , 345 -346, 348 -349, 362 , 377 -379, 402 , 413 , 417 -418, 420
Gerhardt, Jane, 420
Gerhardt-Laurent reforms, 87 -107, 130 -133, 134 -155, 159 -162, 165 , 172 , 176 -177, 189 -190, 200 -204, 224 , 348 -349, 377 -379;
defined, 1 -3, 134 -136
Gerhardt's Traité de chimie organique , 100 -101, 129 -133, 158 , 163
Gerland, Wilhelm, 123 , 212 -213, 291 , 296 , 322 , 443
German universities, 10 -14, 26 -33. See also specific universities
Geuther, Anton, 312
Giessen, town and University of, 17 , 21 -24, 29 , 44 -45, 109 , 111 , 117 , 136 , 142 , 152 -153, 234 , 341 , 391
Gilbert, Ludwig Wilhelm, 27
Glaser, Carl, 302
Clück, C., 390
Glutz, Ludwig, 363
Glycerin, glyceryl radical, and derivatives, 104 , 159 , 176 , 193 , 215 -216, 219
Glycol and other dialcohols, 106 , 159 , 174 -177, 193 -195, 206 , 215 -224, 241
Gmelin, Christian Gottlob, 15
Gmelin, Johann Friedrich, 12 , 18 , 26
Gmelin, Leopold, 16 -18, 25 -26, 48 , 54 , 95 , 101 , 106 , 109 , 136 , 142 , 242 , 271 , 387
Göbel, Carl Christian Traugott Friedemann, 30
Gorup-Besanez, Eugen Franz, 303
Göttingen, city and University of, 5 , 11 -13, 17 -20, 24 , 26 , 28 , 31 -32, 35 -38, 41 -46, 48 -49, 111 , 117 , 142 , 168 , 173 , 200 , 231 , 234 , 255 , 266 , 277 , 281 , 288 , 295 , 352 , 358 , 391
Göttling, Johann Friedrich August, 30
Graebe, Carl, 123 -124, 127 , 235 -236, 242 , 284 , 298 -299, 310 , 315 , 317 , 321 -322, 331 -332, 345 , 369 , 441 -442, 448 , 461
Graham, Thomas, 62 , 74 , 113 , 128 , 131 , 163
Gregory, William, 130 , 235
Greifswald, University of, 271 , 358
Griepenkerl, Otto, 19
Griess, Johann Peter, 123 , 212 -213, 236 , 310 , 322
Grimm brothers, 36
Grotefend, G. F., 43
Guthrie, Frederick, 111 , 119 , 123 , 127 , 144 , 151 , 212 -213, 224 , 236
H
Habilitation, 10 , 112
Halle, University of, 27 , 271 , 358
Hailer, Albrecht von, 11
Handwörterbuch der reinen und angewandten Chemie , 68 -74, 128 , 130 , 154 , 177 , 184 , 214 , 336 -337
Hankel, Wilhelm, 268
Hanover, Kingdom of, 5 , 11 -12, 35 -36, 41 -42, 70 . See also Göttingen
Hassenpflug, Daniel, 110 , 112 , 117 , 234
Hausmann, Johann Friedrich Ludwig, 44 , 387
Havrez, Pierre, 161
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 17 , 31 , 345
Heintz, Wilhelm Heinrich, 259 , 264 , 336 , 465
Helmholtz, Hermann von, 363
Hempel, Adolph Friedrich, 37 , 43
Hempel, Marie Catherine Louise, née Grabenstein, 37 , 393
Henle, Friedrich Gustav Jacob, 28
Henzold, O., 451
Herbart, Johann Friedrich, 44
Hermbstaedt, Sigismund Friedrich, 30
Herrmann, Felix, 328 -329
Herrmann, Maximilian, 295
Herschel, John Frederick William, 244
Hesse, Electoral, 5 , 35 , 70 , 110 -112, 234 , 266 , 278 , 342 . See also Marburg
Hesse, Grand Duchy of, 5 , 20 -21, 109 , 117 , 161
Hesse, Grand Duke of, 161
Hesse-Darmstadt. See Hesse, Grand Duchy of
Hesse-Kassel. See Hesse, Electoral
Heyden, Friedrich von, 305 -306, 447 , 464
Hirzel, Heinrich, 275 -276, 282
Hitler, Adolf, 362
Hlasiwetz, Heinrich Hermann Christian, 296
Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van't, 328 -330, 336 , 368
Hoffmann, Felix, 309
Hoffmann, Reinhold, 162 -165, 167 , 216 -217
Hofmann, August Wilhelm, 3 -5, 23 , 28 , 59 , 62 , 66 , 68 , 75 , 79 , 80 -83, 89 , 93 , 96 -97, 99 , 101 , 103 , 108 -110, 116 , 135 , 139 -142, 144 , 150 , 152 -155, 158 , 163 , 182 , 197 -198, 203 , 212 -213, 233 , 235 , 240 -241, 251 , 271 -275, 278 , 282 , 284 , 289 -290, 302 , 308 , 318 , 336 , 340 , 344 , 346 , 353 -363, 369 -370, 388 , 394 , 397 , 399 , 401 , 404 , 406 , 408 , 412 , 418 , 437 -438, 460 -463
Hofmann, Johann Philipp, 23
Hofmeister, Franz, 451
Hollowism, sleepy, 111
Homer, 361
Homologous series, 90 , 139
Happe-Seyler, Felix, 451
Horsford, Eben Norton, 116
Hübner, Hans, 231 -233, 255 , 288 , 298
Hüfner, Carl Gustav, 321
Humboldt, Alexander von, 21
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 12 , 27 , 30
Hydracids, 52 -53, 55 , 81 , 95
Hydrocarbons, 61 -63, 65 -68, 139 , 165 , 174 , 256 , 299 , 311 -312, 317 , 325 ;
chlorinated, 49 , 57 -60, 77 , 79 . See also Aromatic compounds; Benzene; Kolbe electrolysis reaction; Wurtz reaction; and specific hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon radicals
Hydroxyacids, 106 , 194 -195, 206 , 215 -216, 230 , 292 , 312 -313, 316
Hydroxybenzoic acid(s), 291 -297, 304 -309
Hyposulfuric acid. See Dithionic acid
I
Indigo, 243 , 284 , 366
Industry and technology, chemical, 2 , 4 , 9 , 20 , 28 , 30 -33, 69 , 114 , 118 , 242 -243, 269 -270, 282 -284, 304 -309, 321 -322, 350 , 353 , 362 , 366 , 392 -393, 439 , 451
Inorganic chemistry, 26 , 48 -52, 59 -62, 87 -88, 95 , 99 , 135 -136, 148 , 153 , 177 , 198 -199, 245 , 269 , 302
Isomerism, 17 , 192 -195, 199 , 204 , 223 -224, 227 -230, 233 , 242 , 249 , 291 -304, 311 -315, 319 , 338 -339, 431
J
James, J. William, 451
Jena, University of, 26 , 29
Johann (king of Saxony), 266 , 278
Johnston, James Finlay Weir, 53
Journal für praktische Chemie , 286 -289, 325 , 330 , 354 -356
K
Kalle, Wilhelm, 322
Kane, Robert John, 67
Kant, Immanuel, 27 , 33 , 34
Karl II, Duke of Braunschweig, 70
Karlsruhe Congress, 3 , 90 , 143 , 154 , 156 , 173 , 177 , 202 -203
Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Braunschweig, 68
Kästner, Abraham Gotthelf, 11
Kastner, Karl Wilhelm Gottlob, 9 , 21 , 27 , 29 , 33
Kekulé, Friedrich August, 1 , 3 , 4 , 100 , 106 -107, 116 , 138 , 142 , 152 , 156 , 161 -179, 181 , 183 , 192 -193, 195 -200, 202 -208, 216 -217, 220 -221, 224 , 231 -233, 235 , 241 -242, 250 -253, 255 , 257 -264, 273 -274, 278 , 282 , 284 , 286 -289, 291 , 293 -295, 297 -305, 310 -314, 317 -318, 326 -328, 330 -338, 340 , 344 -347, 352 , 356 , 359 -360, 364 -365, 368 -370, 372 , 374 , 417 -419, 422 , 425 , 438 -439, 444 -446, 449 , 452 -455, 460
Kekulé, Karl (Charles), 162 , 166 , 417
Kekulé, Ludwig Karl Emil, 161
Kekulés Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie , 172 -173, 175 , 252 , 297 , 313 , 333 , 345 -346
Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron, 452
Ketones, 99 , 138 , 155 , 184 -185, 192 -193, 204 , 230
Khrushchev, Nikita, 178
Kiel, University of, 352 , 350 , 358
Klaproth, Martin Heinrich, 9 , 15 , 27 , 29
Klaus, Karl Ernst, 178
Klinkhardt, A., 451
Knapp, Friedrich, 23 , 69
Knesebeck, von dem, 43 -44, 395
Knop, (Johann August Ludwig) Wilhelm, 19 , 45 , 275 -276, 279 , 282
Kohlrausch, Friedrich Wilhelm Georg, 461 -462
Konigsberg[*] , University of, 28 , 271 , 352
Kolbe, (Dorette Caroline) Auguste, née Hempel (mother of Hermann), 37 , 393
Kolbe, Bertha (sister of Hermann). See Ost, Bertha
Kolbe, Carl (brother of Hermann), 42 , 393
Kolbe, Carl (son of Hermann), 119 , 363 , 366 , 464
Kolbe, Carl Friedrich Ludwig (father of Hermann), 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 282 , 393
Kolbe, Charlotte, née Bardeleben (wife of Hermann), 118 , 119 , 363 , 366
Kolbe, Elisabeth (daughter of Hermann), 120 , 363 , 366
Kolbe, Emily, née Pistor (daughter-in-law of Hermann), 464
Kolbe, Emma (sister of Hermann), 42 , 394
Kolbe, F. (uncle of Hermann), 393
Kolbe, Georg C. A. (uncle of Hermann), 38 , 393
Kolbe, (Johann) Georg Wilhelm (grand-father of Hermann), 37
Kolbe, Hermann: early career, 57 -83;
life in Leipzig, 278 -289, 310 -339, 363 -367;
life in Marburg, 110 -133, 234 -238;
mental health, 7 , 121 -122, 214 , 328 -337, 357 , 359 , 367 , 370 -371, 449 ;
physical health, 42 , 45 , 120 -122, 213 -214, 326 , 328 , 366 -367;
political views, 69 -72, 122 , 325 , 332 , 342 -344, 371 , 395 , 452 , 456 ;
religious views, 39 -41, 282 , 314 , 332 , 341 -342, 371 , 402 , 449 ;
youth, 37 -49. For Kolbe's scientific works, see relevant topical entries within this index
Kolbe, Johanna (daughter of Hermann). See Meyer, Johanna von
Kolbe, Maria (daughter of Hermann), 120 , 363 , 366
Kolbe, "Tante Rutsch, " 42 , 363
Kolbe electrolysis reaction, 63 , 75 , 139 -140, 144 -145, 241
Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, 307
Kolbe's Ausführliches Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie , 74 , 113 , 120 , 128 -133, 143 , 147 , 151 , 183 , 186 , 190 -191, 194 , 197 , 214 , 365
Kopp, Hermann, 23 , 54 , 66 , 116 , 139 , 143 , 150 , 154 , 166 , 201 -202, 224 , 235 , 240 , 260 , 269 , 286 , 288 , 346 -347, 357 , 361 , 413 , 459
Körner, Wilhelm, 298
Krauss, Ferdinand Hermann (Hermann Kolbe's grandson), 464
Kreiss, Jean Jacques, 93
Kuhlmann, Carl Frédéric, 85
Kühn, Otto Bernhard, 268 , 274 -279, 402
Kühne, Willy, 451
Kurhessen. See Hesse, Electoral
L
Laar, Peter Conrad, 321
Laboratories, academic chemical, 3 -4, 13 -16, 18 -30, 44 -48, 109 -111, 116 -118, 210 -214, 234 , 267 -282;
Kolbe's at
Leipzig, 124 , 127 , 267 -282, 317 -325, 369 ;
Kolbe's at Marburg, 110 -118, 123 -128, 234 -238, 281
Lactic acid, 215 -225, 241 -242, 245 , 254 , 292
Ladenburg, Albert, 175 , 261 , 264 , 298 , 300 , 345 , 350 , 352 , 361 , 457 , 462
Landolt, Hans, 274 , 440
Laurent, Auguste, 1 , 3 , 16 , 50 -51, 53 , 55 -57, 61 , 78 , 80 , 82 , 86 -99, 101 -102, 104 -107, 135 -139, 141 -143, 150 , 153 -154, 157 -160, 162 -163, 165 , 170 , 175 -176, 179 , 183 , 198 , 202 , 290 , 334 , 345 -346, 378 , 402 , 418 , 420
Lautemann, Eduard, 123 , 213 , 221 , 223 , 225 , 229 , 234 , 236 , 242 , 291 -292, 295 , 304 , 306 , 443
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, 14 , 15 , 88 , 243 , 346 , 354 , 359
Leipzig, city and University of, 3 -5, 265 -286
Lenard, Philipp, 462
Leuckart, Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf, 284 , 321
Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph, 11
Lieben, Adolph, 229 , 231 , 233 , 364
Liebermann, Carl Theodor, 284 , 352 , 461
Liebig, Georg, 400
Liebig, Justus, 1 , 4 -5, 9 , 16 -18, 20 -34, 39 , 44 -45, 47 -53, 55 , 57 , 60 -61, 64 , 67 -69, 71 , 74 -75, 80 , 84 -89, 93 -97, 100 -102, 106 -110, 115 -118, 122 -123, 125 -129, 132 -134, 136 -137, 140 -144, 146 , 148 , 152 -153, 161 -164, 166 -168, 170 -172, 178 , 187 , 190 , 197 -198, 201 -202, 204 , 224 -226, 231 , 233 , 235 -237, 240 , 244 -245, 252 , 257 , 269 -271, 273 , 281 , 284 , 286 -289, 294 , 297 , 302 , 308 , 318 , 321 , 327 -330, 332 , 334 , 337 , 340 -341, 343 -344, 346 -348, 354 -356, 359 , 364 , 366 , 368 -371, 374 , 386 -389, 396 , 399 -402, 408 , 412 , 414 , 431 , 440 -441, 459 -461, 463 -464
Liebreich, Oscar, 352
Limpricht, Heinrich, 142 , 168 -169, 171 -172, 200 , 273 , 295 , 417
Link, Heinrich Friedrich, 27
Linnaeus, Carl, 243
List, Friedrich, 266
Lister, Joseph, 307 -309
Listing, Johann Benedict, 44
Lockemann, Georg, 40 , 42 , 393
Loew, Oscar, 321
Loschmidt, Joseph, 291 , 425
Löwig, Carl Jacob, 109 , 129 , 273
Lücke, Herr (Oberleiter of Vieweg Verlag), 328 , 400
Ludwig, Carl, 235 , 268 -269, 278 , 439
Ludwig II (king of Bavaria), 255 , 331
Luynes, Victor Hippolyte de, 228
M
McGowan, George, 451
Magnus, Heinrich Gustav, 16 , 27 -28, 242 , 272 , 351 -352, 360 , 461
Malaguti, Faustino Jovita, 53 , 100 , 142
Malic acid, 199 , 225
Malonic acid, 75 , 231 -232
Marburg, University of, 5 , 16 , 24 , 32 , 41 -43, 45 -49, 65 -68, 74 -75, 108 -128, 209 -210, 271 , 273 , 278 , 369
Marcet, Alexandre, 49
Mareska, Daniel Joseph Benoit, 171
Markovnikov, Vladimir Vasil'evich, 127 , 229 , 284 -285, 299 , 310 , 316 -317, 320
Marr, Wilhelm, 357
Marsh gas. See Methane
Maximilian II (king of Bavaria), 225
Medicine, medical education, medical students, 9 , 10 , 13 , 19 -20, 26 , 28 -32, 37 -38, 45 -46, 114 , 117 , 268 -269, 273 , 275 -278, 282 , 322
Melsens, Louis, 55
Mendeleev, Dmitrii Ivanovich, 203
Mendelssohn-Batholdy, Paul, 350 , 360
Mendius, Otto, 168
Mennel, Ernst, 451
Menshutkin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich, 123 , 235 , 310 , 320
Merck (pharmaceutical firm), 447
Methane, 77 , 139 , 165 , 174
Methyl hydride, 77 , 139 , 311 -312
Methyl radical, 57 , 66 -68, 72 , 75 , 97 , 137 -141, 143 -144, 256 , 311 -312, 325
Methylsulfonic acid and derivatives, 49 , 57 -60, 65
Meyer, Ernst von, 42 , 119 , 124 , 187 , 284 -286, 308 -310, 317 , 322 -323, 330 , 338 , 360 , 364 , 366 -367, 369 , 393 , 408 , 410 , 442 , 451 , 453 , 464
Meyer, Johanna von, née Kolbe, 119 , 122 , 286 , 309 , 363 , 366 , 393 , 398 , 442
Meyer, Lothar, 142 , 202 -204, 220 , 260 , 269 , 298 , 337 -338, 356 , 359 , 370 , 373 , 374
Meyer, Tobias, 11
Meyer, Victor, 298 , 345 , 352 , 360 -361, 462
Mitscherlich, Eilhard, 15 -16, 24 , 26 -28, 54 , 166 , 271 -273, 275 -276
Molecular magnitudes. See Formulas, two-volume versus four-volume
Moltke, Helmuth Graf von, 343
Mommsen, Theodor, 358 , 361
Mond, Ludwig, 123 , 212 -213, 322 , 350
Moore, Gideon E., 321
Mulder, Gerritt Jan, 47 , 69
Müller, Hugo, 163 -165, 231 -233, 274 , 293 , 295 , 298 , 438
Müller, Johannes, 28
Munich, University of, 4 , 109 , 266 , 271 , 281 , 364
Münster, Ernst, Count (prime minister of Hanover), 36
N
Napoleon Bonaparte, 36 , 265
Naquet, Alfred, 161 , 298 , 378
Naturphilosophie, 13 -14, 17 , 21 , 27 , 31 , 38 , 150 , 329 , 333 , 345
Neohumanism, 11 -14, 30 -34, 41 , 333 , 361
Neumann, Carl Gottfried, 269
Neumann, Franz Ernst, 28 , 245 , 373
Newton, Isaac, 374
Nicholson, Edward, 284
Nitriles, 17 , 63 -66, 72 , 77 , 80
Nitrobenzoic acid(s), 295 -297
Norton, Sidney A., 321
Notation, 71 -73, 76 -79, 87 -88, 138 , 156 -161, 205 , 261 -264, 314 -317. See also Atomic weights; Equivalents, chemical; Formulas
Nucleus theory, Laurent's, 50 -51, 55 , 57 , 84 , 135 , 150
O
Ockham, William of, 138
Odling, William, 3 , 138 , 142 , 158 -160, 163 -166, 168 , 173 -176, 257 , 373 , 417 -418
Oken, Lorenz, 21
Olefins, 194 -196, 215 -218, 251 , 253
Olshausen, Justus (Prussian Kultusminister), 278 , 437
Oppenheim, Alphons, 352 , 360 -361, 461 -462
Oppenheim, Franz, 350
Orfila, Mathéo José Bonaventura, 98
Organometallic compounds, 57 , 67 , 81 -82, 135 , 141 , 147 , 182 -189, 230 , 241 , 312
Ost, Bertha, née KoLbe, 42 , 303 , 394 , 398 , 463
Ost, Georg, 42 , 394
Ost, Hermann, 42 , 44 , 71 , 124 , 284 , 299 , 303 , 308 , 310 , 322 -323, 338 , 360 , 369 , 393 , 395 , 397 -399, 451
Ostwald, Wilhelm, 367 , 432
Othyl radical, 143 , 153
Otto, Friedrich Julius, 73 -74, 113 , 128 , 130 -131, 192 , 328
Oxalic acid, 52 , 55 , 57 , 59 , 63 , 73 , 98 , 148 , 194 , 215 , 218 -220, 223 -224, 230
Oxatyl radical, 72 -73, 76 , 78
P
Pasteur, Louis, 344
Pebal, Leopold von, 142 , 202
Pedagogy, 13 -34, 106 , 112 -118, 123 -129, 236 , 246 -250, 282 -286, 317 -325, 368 -369
Péligot, Eugène Melchior, 347
Pelouze, Jules Théophile, 24 , 100 , 142 , 347
Perkin, William Henry, 221 , 231 -232, 284 è
Persoz, Jean-Franois, 53 , 87 , 242
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, 13 , 32
Pettenkofer, Max von, 309 , 395
Pfaff, Adam, 71
Pharmacy, pharmacists, pharmaceutical education, 9 , 18 -23, 28 -30, 32 , 45 -46, 69 , 114 , 117 -118, 126 , 167 , 252 , 257 , 275 , 282 , 290 , 306 -309, 321 -322, 447
Phenol, 291 -295, 301 -302, 304 -305, 307 -309
Philosophical faculties in German universities, 11 , 13 , 20 , 29 -30, 361
Phosphines, 81 , 135
Physical chemistry, 26 , 46 , 269 , 274 , 282 , 286 , 373
Physics, 28 -29, 32 , 34 , 44 , 209 , 282 , 286 , 373
Physiology, 28 , 31 -32, 47 , 53 , 85 , 95 , 226
Piria, Raffaele, 292
Planta, Adolph von, 163 , 164
Playfair, Lyon, 23 , 61 , 63 , 235 , 398
Poggendorff, Johann Christian, 27 , 61 , 68 , 69 , 74 , 286 , 464
Politics, 35 -36, 44 , 69 -72, 87 -88, 92 -93, 111 -113, 122 , 325 , 332 , 342 -344, 352 -353, 362 , 371 , 395 , 452 , 456
Privatdozenten, defined, 10 -11
Propionic acid, 64 , 66 , 187 -188, 216 -222, 225 , 231 -232, 241
Propyl radical, 97
Prout, William, 157
Prussia, 4 -5, 12 -13, 27 -29, 35 -36, 41 , 68 , 70 , 109 , 112 , 165 -266, 271 -274, 279 , 283 , 342 , 345 , 347 , 351 , 353 -358, 363 , 371 , 379 . See also individual Prussian cities and universities
Purkyne, Jan Evangelista, 32
Puttkamer, Robert Victor von, 363
Q
Quesneville, Gustave Augustin, 92 , 100 , 142
Quiet revolution, 1 -3, 134 -136, 153 , 251 , 346 , 377
R
Raabe, Wilhelm, 351
Radicals: alkyl (also known as ether or alcohol radicals), 76 -77, 104 , 150 , 192 ,
205 ;
conjugate, 73 , 76 -79, 192 , 204 ;
homologizing hydrocarbon, 76 -77, 79 ;
Kekulé's definition, 169 -170. See also individual radicals
Radical theories: newer, 99 -104, 135 -147, 159 -160, 168 -169, 173 -179, 219 , 250 , 253 -264;
older, 50 -53, 60 , 66 -68, 72 -73, 75 -82, 85 -86, 95 , 134 -135, 147 -148, 150 , 152 , 154 , 250
Rammelsberg, Karl Friedrich, 351 -352
Regnault, Henri Victor, 24 , 49 , 59 , 88 , 100 , 142 , 162 , 347 , 411 -412
Religion, 37 -41, 282 , 314 , 332 , 341 -342, 371 , 402 , 449
Remsen, Ira, 320
Rhine wine, 65
Romanticism, 12 , 30 -33
Roscoe, Henry Enfield, 123 , 142 , 145 , 202 , 333 -334, 412 , 415
Rose, Gustav, 15 -16, 24 , 27
Rose, Heinrich, 15 -16, 27 -28, 54 , 166 , 271 -273, 275
Rostock, University of, 352
Ruge, Emil, 430
Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand, 242
S
Saccharin, 320 -321
Salicylic acid, 242 -243, 291 -297, 301 -309, 365 -366, 446 -447
Salylic acid, 249 , 292 -298, 303 -305, 365
Saxony, Kingdom of, 265 -278, 342 . See also Leipzig
Saytzeff, Alexander Mikhailovich. See Zaitsev, Aleksandr Mikhailovich
Saytzeff, Constantin. See Zaitsev, Konstantin
Scheele, Carl Wilhelm, 15
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph, 21 , 27 , 31 , 345
Schering, E. (pharmaceutical firm), 447
Scheuch, H., 234
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Ernst Daniel, 12
Schlossberger, Julius Eugen, 129
Schmidt, Ernst Albert, 321
Schmidt, G., 446
Schmitt, Rudolf Wilhelm, 123 , 213 , 225 , 234 , 242 , 269 , 289 , 291 , 295 , 305 , 307 , 322 , 331 , 369 , 443
Schnedermann, Georg (Heinrich Eberhard), 19 , 20 , 45
Schorlemmer, Carl, 242 , 311 -312, 333
Schramm, Erich von, 358
Schubert, Gotthilf Heinrich, 21
Schuckmann, Kaspar Friedrich von, 27
Simpson, Maxwell, 123 , 212 , 231 -233
Sokolov, N., 296
Sonnenschein, Franz Leopold, 351 -352
Spilker, Franziska von, 69 , 399
Staedeler, Georg, 109 , 273 , 279 , 316
Stalin, Joseph, 7 , 178
Stark, Johannes, 462
Stas, Jean Servais, 171
Stegmann, Friedrich, 118
Stenhouse, John, 23 , 163 , 165
Stereochemistry, 319 , 328 -330
Stern, Moritz Abraham, 351
Stöcker, Adolf, 357
Strauss, David Friedrich, 41
Strecker, Adolf Friedrich Ludwig, 23 , 129 , 143 , 152 , 161 , 198 , 200 , 216 -217, 221 , 224 , 226 , 230 , 241 -242, 273 , 278 , 336 , 411 -413
Stromeyer, Friedrich, 9 , 12 , 16 , 18 , 24 , 26 -27, 32 , 48
Structure theory, 1 -3, 5 -7, 14 -15, 78 , 95 , 107 , 128 , 135 , 156 -181, 197 , 205 -209, 217 , 219 -220, 228 , 231 -232, 239 -264, 299 -302, 310 -317, 319 , 324 -339, 344 -345, 349 , 368 -369, 371 -375, 377 ;
Butlerov's definition, 178 . See also Atomicity of elements; Valence
Stürenberg, August, 18 , 388
Substitution, chlorine, 1 , 50 -53, 59 -61, 76 -85, 95 -97, 99 -100, 134 -135, 148 -150, 154 . See also Type theories
Succinic acid, 76 -77, 79 , 197 , 199 , 225 , 231 -232, 260
Sulfobenzoic acid(s), 77 , 79 , 291
Sulfonic acids, 138 , 164 , 197 , 242 , 295 , 319
Sulfonyl compounds, 73 , 104 , 138 , 164 , 319
Synthesis, 2 , 17 , 49 , 59 -60, 65 , 75 , 144 -146, 226 -233, 239 -243, 245 , 249 , 319 , 321 , 331 , 368 . See also Acetoacetic ester synthesis; Kolbe electrolysis reaction; Kolbe-Schmitt reaction; Williamson asymmetric-synthesis argument; Williamson reaction; Wurtz reaction
T
Taurine, 242
Technische Hochschulen and Gewerbeschulen, 33 , 322 , 351 , 392 ;
Berlin, 17 -18, 31 , 353 ;
Braunschweig, 70 ;
Dresden, 123 , 213 , 269 , 322 , 366 ;
Hanover, 42 , 322 , 393 ;
Karlsruhe, 86 ;
Kassel, 17 -18, 24 , 31 -32, 48 , 110 ;
Leipzig, 86 , 275 ;
Munich, 255 , 364 ;
Zurich, 86 , 275
Thenard, Louis Jacques, 21 , 88 , 97 -98, 100 -101, 142 , 347 , 396
Thenard, Paul, 81 , 82 , 97 , 135 , 182
Theology. See Religion
Thiersch, Karl, 308 -309, 347 , 366 , 464
Thomson, Thomas, 105 , 116
Treitschke, Heinrich von, 357 , 361 , 462
Trommsdorff, Johann Bartholomäus, 9 , 21 , 30
Tübingen, University of, 118 , 122
Tyndall, John, 45 , 111
Type theories: Dumas', 1 , 51 -53, 55 , 57 , 59 -61, 78 , 82 , 84 -86, 95 -98, 102 -103, 135 , 149 -150, 167 -168, 182 , 209 -209;
Gerhardt's, 99 -100, 102 , 104 , 135 -141, 156 , 167 -168, 173 -179, 244 , 250 , 253 -264;
Kolbe's, 148 -149, 154 -155, 181 -209, 219 , 254 -274, 348 -349, 372 , 375 ;
Wurtz', 141 , 159 , 176 , 200 -201
"Typical" atoms, 170 , 221 , 223
U
Ulrich, Carl, 123 , 218 -220, 236 , 292
Ulrich, Georg, 44
Urea, 17 , 60 , 239 -241
Uslar, Louis von, 168 , 198
V
Valence, 1 , 6 , 90 , 147 , 149 -150, 154 -180, 182 -186, 190 , 204 -207, 255 , 331 , 333 , 335 . See also Atomicity of elements
Valeric acid, 63 , 66 , 139
Valyl radical, 75 , 140
Varrentrapp, Franz, 23 , 69 -70, 74 , 123 , 289 , 305 , 326 -328, 337 , 343 -344, 356 -357, 400 , 447
Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas, 32
Victoria (Empress of Germany, wife of Friedrich III), 363
Victoria (Queen of England), 363
Vieweg, Eduard, 40 -41, 43 , 47 , 68 -71, 74 -75, 110 , 112 -115, 119 -123, 128 -133, 142 , 144 , 146 , 151 , 185 , 187 , 190 -191, 194 , 197 -198, 200 , 203 , 212 , 214 , 225 -226, 234 , 236 -237, 257 , 273 -274, 278 , 287 , 289 , 328 , 341 , 370 , 394 , 399 , 437 , 440 , 442 , 453
Vieweg, Friedrich, 68 , 70
Vieweg, Heinrich, 40 -41, 69 , 289 , 303 , 307 , 328 -329, 333 , 336 -337, 365 , 442 , 453
Virchow, Rudolf, 357 -358
Vitalism, 60 , 239 -241, 373
Voelckel, Friedrich Carl, 19 -20, 45 , 48
Vogel, August, 19
Volhard, Jacob, 123 -124, 127 , 152 , 226 , 235 -236, 242 , 257 , 281 , 288 -289, 304 , 310 , 315 , 327 , 332 , 336 -338, 344 -345, 354 -357, 359 -362, 364 , 369 -370, 413 , 441 , 453 , 460 -461, 463
Volhard, Karl Ferdinand, 461
W
Wagner, Ernst L., 268 , 275
Wagner, Richard, 352
Wallach, M., 451
Wallach, Otto, 49 , 352 , 360
Wanklyn, James, 183 , 187 -189, 241 -242
Water type. See Williamson reaction
Watts, Henry, 145 , 298
Weber, Wilhelm Eduard, 11 , 28 , 36 , 245 , 388 , 395
Weddige, Anton, 322
Weiss, Christian Samuel, 27
Weltzien, Karl, 142 , 177 , 202 -203
Weppen, Friedrich, 18 -19
Wichelhaus, Hermann, 269 , 355 , 356
Wiedemann, Gustav Heinrich, 269 , 282
Wiegleb, Johann Christian, 30
Wiggers, H. A., 19
Wilbrand, Joseph, 161 , 298
Wilhelm, Duke of Braunschweig, 70
Wilhelm I (elector of Hesse-Kassel), 111
Wilhelm I (king of Prussia and German Emperor), 342 , 354
Wilhelm II (elector of Hesse-Kassel), 111
Wilhem II (king of Prussia and German Emperor), 363
Will, Heinrich, 23 , 54 , 69 , 109 , 115 -116, 143 , 151 -153, 161 -163, 166 , 224 , 235 , 252 , 413
Williamson, Alexander William, 3 , 93 , 98 -101, 103 -104, 106 -107, 130 , 135 -138, 140 -146, 151 -153, 155 -156, 158 -160, 163 -166, 168 , 170 , 173 -174, 176 -177, 179 , 182 , 189 , 198 , 200 -203, 207 -208, 219 -220, 224 , 241 , 244 -246, 248 -249, 253 , 260 , 298 , 346 , 348 -349, 371 , 377 -378, 405 , 412 -415, 418
Williamson asymmetric-synthesis argument, 98 -99, 143 -145, 151 -155, 189 , 245 -246, 249 ;
defined, 136 -141
Williamson reaction, 98 , 103 -104, 135 -141, 145 , 241 , 245 -246, 248 -249
Willstätter, Richard, 350 , 457
Wilm, Theodor Eduard, 449
Windler, S. C. H. (pseudonym of F. Wöhler), 53 , 55
Wischin, Georg, 363
Wislicenus, Johannes, 40 , 264 , 281 , 328 -330, 333 -334, 336 , 338 , 345 , 394 , 418 , 465
Witt, Otto, 461 -462
Wöhler, Friedrich, 3 , 5 , 15 -20, 23 -26, 28 -32, 34 , 43 -51, 53 -55, 57 , 59 -62, 68 -69, 71 , 74 , 85 -86, 108 -110, 112 , 117 , 142 , 148 , 172 , 190 , 201 , 204 , 224 , 231 , 233 , 239 -241, 245 , 248 , 260 , 273 , 275 , 277 , 281 , 286 , 288 , 295 , 318 , 330 , 332 , 334 , 337 , 341 , 344 , 347 , 352 , 354 , 360 , 364 , 368 -371, 374 , 387 -389, 395 -396, 399 , 406 , 431 , 458
Wollaston, William Hyde, 105 , 158
Wrightson, Francis, 123 , 144 -146, 151 , 213 , 414
Wurtz, (Charles) Adolphe, 3 , 80 -82, 86 , 93 -107, 135 , 140 -142, 152 -156, 158 , 160 -162, 165 -166, 168 , 171 , 173 -179, 182 , 187 , 192 -196, 200 -203, 207 -208, 214 -224, 227 , 229 -231, 233 , 235 , 241 , 244 , 246 , 250 , 253 , 257 , 259 -262, 264 , 292 , 294 , 307 , 312 , 328 , 335 , 338 , 343 -349, 354 -356, 360 , 371 , 377 -379, 402 -405, 412 -413, 416 , 418 -420, 425 , 428 , 461 -462
Wurtz, Constance, née Opperman, 98
Wurtz, Jean Jacques, 93 , 148
Wurtz, Sophie, née Kreiss, 93
Wurtz reaction, 104 , 140 -141, 154 , 182 , 187 , 241
Würzburg, University of, 281
Wurzer, Ferdinand, 24 -25, 48
Y
Yttrium, 17
Z
Zaitsev, Aleksandr Mikhailovich, 123 , 235 , 284 , 296 , 310 , 316 , 320 , 363
Zaitsev, Konstantin, 235 , 296 , 444
Zeitschrift für Chemie , 252 -253, 255 , 258 , 286 -288
Zeller, Eduard, 41 , 118 , 122 , 394
Ziegler, Julius, 123
Zimmerman, Ludwig Wilhelm, 21 , 29
Zincke, Theodor, 359
Zinin, Nikolai, 178
Zirkel, Ferdinand, 268
Zocher (architect), 279
Zöllner, Karl Friedrich, 362
Zwenger, Constantin, 114 , 118 , 121 , 321
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