R

Race and ethnicity:

changes in California population involving, xiii ;

and female-headed families, 210 ;

and self-esteem, 22 , 34 , 222 , 231 -232, 234 , 308 -309, 311 , 312 -313, 314 -315, 316 , 318 , 319 , 320 -321;

and use of alcohol and drugs, 16 , 295 , 298 , 302 , 303 , 304 , 308 -316, 320 ;

and variations in rates of teenage sexual activity and pregnancy, 17 , 126 -127, 132 -133, 134 , 145 , 147 , 150 , 156 , 157 ;

and welfare dependency, 206 , 217 , 218 .

See also Minority groups; and names of specific racial or ethnic groups

Radabaugh, C. W., 315

Rage, 7 ;

as a defense, 188 ;

and shame, resulting in violence, 184 , 185 , 187 -188.

See also Anger; Shame/rage spiral; Violence

Rainwater, L., 213 , 234

Random sampling, 27

Rankin, J. H., 172

Rational-emotive approach to therapy, 52

Reactance/learned helplessness model, 236 . See also Helplessness

Reagan, Ronald, 297

Rees, C. D., 306

Reflected appraisal, 38 , 295

Reform. See Social reform

Reid, L. D., 263

Rein, M., 213

Reischauer, R. D., 241

Reliability, 13 -14, 222 ;

of measures of self-esteem, 11 , 12 , 16 , 39 , 158 -161;

test-retest, 158

Religion:

and control over teenage sexual activity, 132 , 136 -137, 147 ;

and variations in alcohol and drug use, 297 , 302

René Gunyon Society, 26

Research:

funding for, 21 , 240 -241, 302 ;

state of, on self-esteem, 15 -19, 34 , 43 , 57 , 74 -77, 78 -79, 165 , 166 , 167 , 175 -177, 221 -223, 251 , 296 , 319 ;

types of, needed for future, 19 -21, 28 , 57 -58, 59 -60, 156 -157, 177 , 235 -236, 240 -241, 281 , 282 , 311 , 312 .

See also Correlational associations; Longitudinal studies; Quantitative studies of self-esteem

Respite care services, 47 , 48 , 50

Responsibility, personal and social, and self-esteem, viii , xii , 1 , 6 , 55 , 223

Retzinger, Suzannc M., 7 , 184

Robbins, C., 147 , 148 (table)

Rogel, M. J., 140 (table), 142 -143

Rogers, Carl, xii , xiv , xv , 51 -52

Rohsenow, D. J., 272

Role model, 7 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 308

Role-taking, 38

Rollnick, S., 279

Rosenbaum, M. E., 167 -168, 168 -169, 173 , 175

Rosenberg, M., 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 129 , 175 , 222 , 311

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, 44 , 46

(table), 137

(table), 140

(table), 142 , 144 , 148

(table), 160 , 171 , 307 ;

described, 41 , 158 -159

Rotter, J. B., 217 , 224 , 226 , 229 , 230

Rush, A. J., 48 -49

Ruskin, R. S., 103

Russell, D. E. H., 26

Rutter, M., 154

Ryan, Michael T., 7