Preferred Citation: Gilman, Sander L., Helen King, Roy Porter, G. S. Rousseau, and Elaine Showalter Hysteria Beyond Freud. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1993 1993. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft0p3003d3/


 

INDEX

A

Abraham, Karl, 324

Abraham, Nicolas, 95

Abricosoff, Glafira, L'hystérie aux XVIIe et XVIIIe Siècles (1897), 313

Abse, D. W., 8

ACT-UP, AIDS activist group, 334

Adair, Dr. James Makittrick, 124 , 166 -167

Adams, Francis, 7 -8

Addams, Jane (1860-1935), American social worker and author, 299

Addison, Joseph, 160

Addyman, M. E., 127 , 129

Adorno, Theodor, 237

Adultery, 317 , 319

Aesthetics of the face of the hysteric, concept of asymmetry in, 384

Aetius of Amida, 37 -39, 44 , 46 -47

Affectation (and hysteria), 163

African-Americans, distrust of psychotherapy in the 1960s and 1970s, 334

"Ague," the, during early modern England, 225

AIDS, x , xvi , 106 , 110 , 144 , 175 , 334 -335

Alcoholism, 229

Alexander, William, image of epileptic faces from The Treatment of Epilepsy , 381 ;

use of photography for the study of hysteria, 379

Alexander of Tralles, his twelve-volume Therapeutica , 46

Alexandria, medical school at, 35 , 45 , 49

'Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi, known in Europe as Holy Abbas, 51 -53;

Kamil , 55 -56;

Liber Pantegni , 55 ;

Liber Regius , 55

Ali ibn Rabban at-Tabari (810-861), Firdaws al hikma (Paradise of Wisdom), 50

Allbutt, Sir Clifford, Professor of Medicine at Cambridge University, his essay published in the Contemporary Review (1895), 417

Alps, the, 296

Alzheimer, A., paper on cerebral plagues, 386

American Revolution, the, 92

Amnesia, 322

Animal magnetism, 184

Animal spirits, the, 142 , 145 -148, 150 -151, 158 , 173 , 236

Andree, Richard, citation by Fishberg about the Jews' susceptibility to hysteria, 412 -415

Anesthesia, 10

Anna O., German feminist leader, 290 , 315 -316, 318 , 332 , 334 , 419 -420;

In the Rummage Store (1890), 316 ;

translation of Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindica-


456

tion of the Rights of Women into German, 316 ;

play Woman's Rights , 316

Apnoia, absence of breath, 58

Appetite, 10 , 19 , 52

Aragon, Louis (1897-), French poet and novelist, view about Augustine, 312

Aretaeus of Cappadocia, 35 , 37 -39, 41 , 43 , 55 , 61 , 104 ;

"On hysterike pnix ," 15 ;

"Of the Causes and Symptoms of Acute Diseases," 38

Aristophanes' play Frogs , 32

Aristotle, 17 , 27 , 30 -31, 33 , 50

Armstrong-Jones, Dr. Robert, 324

Art, early medieval religious, 367

Art Nouveau, 292

Artemidorus, theorist of dreams, Dream Book , 31

Articella , medical textbook used at Salerno, 57 -58;

versio antigua , 58 ;

traductio nova , 58

Aryans, 435

Astronomy, Gallilean, 108

Astruc, Jean, 168

Asylum, the, 249 , 256 , 356 ;

reforms of at the turn of the nineteenth century, 261

Athenian city states, the, 105

Augustan self-fashioning, 158 -165

Augustine, patient at the Salpêtrière hospital for five years, 311 -313;

Augustine: Big Hysteria , play about Augustine staged in 1991 in London, 313

Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo, ix

Austen, Jane, 134 ;

Sense and Sensibility , 164 ;

fictional character Mr. Wood-house, 294 ;

Marianne Dashwood, 164

Avicenna, 59

B

Babinski, Josef, 230 , 265 , 360 -366, 423

Bacon, Roger (c. 1214-1294), 139

Bacteriology, 249

Baglivi, Georgio, Italian physician, 146 , 151 , 156 , 175 , 245 ;

discussion of The Practice of Physick, reduc'd to the ancient Way of Observations, containing a just Parallel between the Wisdom of the Ancients and the Hypothesis's of Modern Physicians , 148

de Baillou, Guillaume (1538-1616), 63

Bakhtin, Mikhail, Rabelais and His World , 123

Ball in the body, 13 , 22

Bankers, Boston, 294

Barker, Prince P., use of Charcot's nosological categories, 393 , 397 ;

images showing the illusion of movement representing the hysteric from "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hysterical Paralysis," 399 -401

Bart, P. B., 4

Bartlett, Neil, study of Oscar Wilde, 292

Batault, Emile, 289 , 308

Bath, England, 168

Battaille, Louis, photograph "Deux Cas d'Anorexie Hystérique," 350

Battie, William, 175 , 178 -179;

Treatise on Madness , 179

Bauer, Ida, the patient Freud called Dora, 316 , 332 , 419 -423, 425 -429, 431 -436;

the globus hystericus she manifested, 420 -421

Bauer, Otto, brother of Ida Bauer, the patient Freud called Dora, and one of the founders of the Austrian Socialist Party, 419 -420

Bauer, Philip, father of Ida Bauer, the patient Freud called Dora, 419

Beard, George M., 245 -246, 295 -296,

article in American Nervousness , 294

Becker, Gustavus, 168

Bedlam, oldest English insane asylum, 176 ;

Bethlehem, 178

Bed-wetting, interpreted by Freud as a sexual metaphor, 423

Beers, Clifford, 246

Behaviorism, 234

Bell, Sir Charles, Essays on the Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression (1824), 362 , 364 ;

image of opisthotonus, 368

Di Benedetto, V., 16

Benedikt, Moriz, the liberal-Jewish neurologist who was one of Freud's teachers, 406

Benjamin, Walter, 95 ;

essay on the reproducibility of images in the age of technology, 383

Benzi, Ugo (1376-1439), commentaries on the Canon of Avicenna, 59 ;

com-


457

mentaries on the Tengi of Galen, 59 ;

commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms , omitting books 3 and 7, 59

Béraud, Armand-Louis-Joseph, dissertation dealing with circumcision and the Jews, 428

Bergasse, Nicolas, 360

Berggasse 19, Freud's address, 228

Berkeley, Bishop George, 240

Berlin, Germany, 314

Bernheim, Hippolyte, 258 , 416

Bettmann, Dr., description of hysterical gangrene, 389

Bewell, Alan, 177

Bienville, M. D. T., treatise on nymphomania, 172 -173

Birnbaum, Nathan, originator of the word Zionist , review of Houston Stewart Chamberlain's argument against the pure nature of the Jewish race, 434

Bisexuality, 288

Black Death, the, 435

Blackmore, Sir Richard, Enlightenment "nerve doctor," 155 , 168 , 244

Blake, William, 98 , 177 , 185

Blindness, 322 ;

and hysteria, 20

Bloch, Iwan, nineteenth-century sexologist, 427

Blood, 13 , 18 -19, 24 , 27 , 30 -31, 33 , 53

Blushing, 163

Boccaccio, Giovanni (1313-1375), Italian poet and novelist, 98 , 134

Bodin, Jean, philosopher and economic thinker attached to the court of Henry III, 115

Body, the (see also Individual parts: Foot, Hand, Skin, etc.), 99 , 102 , 111 , 113 , 120 , 122 , 147 , 151 , 160 , 164 , 183 , 235 , 238 , 244 , 256 , 260 , 288 , 293 , 335 , 364 , 370 ;

Hysterical body, Philosophical concept of, 95 ;

as Metaphysical category, 95

Body language, 161

Boerhaave, Hermann, Dutch physician and chemist, 151 , 163 , 168 , 262

Bohemia, hysteria in, 168

Boss, J. M. N., 11

Bourneville, D.-M., advocate of Jean Martin Charcot's teachings, 231

Bovary, Emma, 134

Bradshaw, Sir William, society physician in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway , 247

Brain, as the anatomic zone and source of hysteria, 140 , 145 , 151 , 155 , 158 , 252 , 254 -256, 298 , 383 , 385 , 402 ;

brain stem, 232 ;

mythology of, 385

Bramwell, Byrom, twentieth-century specialist on nervous diseases, 392 ;

"doctored" photograph of the hysteric from "Clinical Lecture on a Case of Hysterical Contracture," 396

Brasavola, Antonio (1500-1555), annotated edition of the Aphorisms and its Galenic commentary, 59

Breton, André, French poet, novelist, and critic, his view about Augustine, 312

Breuer, Josef (1842-1925), Austrian physician, 180 , 227 , 288 , 292 , 305 , 315 -318, 366 ;

Studies on Hysteria , 291 ;

case study of Anna O., 419

Briefe Discourse , 121

Bright, Timothy, English physician trained at Trinity College, Cambridge, 116

Briquet, Pierre, 13 , 185 , 258 ;

"Briquet's syndrome," 230

British, the, 161

British Isles, the, 149

British Library, the, 60

Brothels, managed by Jews, 432

Brouillet, André, painting of Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salpêtriére, 345 , 353 , 356 , 362 , 416 ;

influence on the history of hysteria, 346

Brown, Baker, nineteenth-century doctor known for performing the practice of hysterectomy, ovariectomy, and clitoridectomy, 255

Brown, John (1735-1788), developed the concept of the irritability of the muscles from the work of Albrecht yon Hailer, 364

Brown-Séquard, C. E., nineteenth-century neurologist, 417 , 419

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett (1806-1861), 357

Brücke, Wilhelm, 238


458

Buchan, William, popular medical writer on domestic medicine, 241

Budel, H., eighteen-year longitudinal study among Jews in Estonia during the prewar period, 433

Burg, Victor Jean-Marie, 258 -259

Burghart, C. G., 168

Burrows, George Man, 252 -253

Burton, Robert, 112 , 128 -129;

The Anatomy of Melancholy , 114 , 126 , 129 , 409

Bushmen, 294

Byzantine Empire, the, 44 -46, 64

C

Caelius Aurelianus, 39 , 48

Cambridge, England, 157

Cambridge University, 127

Camizards, French prophets, 170

Cancer, 110 , 144 , 352

Canguilhem, Georges, view relating germ theory to hysteria, 353

Capitalism, American, 295

Carlyle, Thomas, 246

Carpenter, W. B., 262

Carter, Robert, mid-Victorian physician, 232 -233, 242 , 262 -265, 289 , 301 -227, 302 , 329 ;

On the Pathology and Treatment of Hysteria (1853), 262 , 300

Casanova de Seingalt, Giovanni Giacomo (1725-1798), Venetian adventurer and author, an international gambler and spy, 163 , 243

Casazza, Roberto, his survey of hysterical skin diseases, 389

Catarrh, in relation to hysteria, 168

Categorical imperatives, and hysteria, 179 -180

Catherine of Sienna, Saint, 367

Catholic religious experience, 367

Catholics, the, as a religious category, 374

Cause, scientific, 99

Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, 36 , 39 , 47

Central Union of the Decorative Arts, the, 310

Cerebral fibers, 254

Cerebral palsy, 256

Cervantes, Miguel de (1547-1616), Spanish novelist, 139

Chadwick, J., 8

Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, argument against the pure nature of the Jewish race, 434

Champier, Claude (fl. 1556), 60

Charcot, Jean-Martin, ix , xii , 8 , 10 , 93 , 102 , 104 , 176 , 185 , 227 , 235 -236, 238 , 256 -260, 264 , 289 , 295 , 304 -307, 309 -315, 320 , 322 -323, 351 -352, 359 , 362 , 364 -370, 372 , 374 , 377 , 379 , 383 -384, 388 -389, 391 , 402 , 404 , 406 , 411 , 416 -417, 419 , 423 , 427 , 436 ;

clinic at the Salpêtriére, 307 ;

"Dr. Charcot's Hysteria Shows," production about Char-cot's patient Augustine performed at Trinity College, Connecticut, 313 ;

images of hysterics, 368 -371;

Les Demoniques dans l'art (1887), 231 , 370 , 372 ;

letter to Freud on 23 November 1891, 415 ;

nosological categories, 415 ;

paper with Paul Richer published in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 381

Charcot, Madame, 310

Charles II, 136

Chaucer, Geoffrey (1340-1400), 98

Cheyne, George, Scottish iatromechanist, 124 , 145 , 151 -152, 154 -156, 162 , 165 -167, 170 , 183 -184, 262 ;

The English Malady , 148 , 151 -152, 157 -158, 166 ;

nervous theory, 232

Childbirth, 17 , 24 , 287 , 326

China, under the leadership of Mao Tse-tung, 228

Chlorosis, 9

Chodoff, Paul, orginator of the term "the hysterical personality disorder" or DSM-111, 287

Chodorow, Nancy, 330

Cholera, 226

Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, 35 , 361 , 429 ;

stigmata of in Saint Petersburg, 388

Christianity, 98 , 105 , 107 , 372 , 429 ;

and Medieval Christendom, 232

Church, Archibald, Chicago neurologist, 299

Circumcision, 428 , 430 , 432 -436

Civil War, the, 297

Civilization, 102 , 158 ;

English, 123 ;

European, 123 ;

Western, 94 , 335


459

Cixous, Hélène, viii , 286 , 419 ;

In Dora's Case , 332 ;

"The Laugh of the Medusa," 332 ;

The Newly-Born Woman (1975), 332 ;

Portrait de Dora (1976), 332

Clark, L. Pierce, argument that there are tetanoid seizures in epilepsy, 377

Clark, Michael, 240

Clarke, Edward, 297

Clasius, George, 168

Class mobility, 161

Classical Association Triennial Meeting, the, 65

Cleaves, Dr. Margaret, 300

Clement, Catherine, debate with Hélène Cixous in The Newly-Born Woman , 332

Cleopatra, 120

Clinical Chair of the Nervous System, 257

Clitoris, the, 251

Clouston, Thomas, nineteenth-century British physician, 247

Codes of nervousness, 161

Codes of politeness, 160 -162

Codlingsby, Lord, character in William Thackeray's Codlingsby , conversation with Rafael Mendoza, 409

Cognition, 143

Cole, Dr. William (see also Dr. Thomas, Sydenham), 139

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1722-1834), English poet, critic, and philosopher, 239 -240

Collège de France, 391

Collins, William, English lyric poet and early romantic, 170 , 171

Commentaries, Byzantine, 48

Comte, Auguste, 236 -237

Conception, 250

Congrès Allemand de Médicine Internationale, 321

Congreve, William (1670-1729), English Restoration dramatist, 160

Consciousness, 261

Constantine the African, 55 ;

Expositio Aforismi , 55 ;

In Hippocratis Aphorismi , 57

Constantine Prophyrogenitus, Byzantine emperor, 46

Constantinople, 46

Convulsions, 15

Coquetry, 157 -158

Cosmology, 98

Cowper, William ( 1731-1800), English poet, 170 , 171 , 177

Craig, Maurice, nineteenth-century London physician, 247

Craiglockhart Hospital, 326

Crichton-Miller, Hugh, early twentieth-century military doctor, prescription to cure shell-shocked military officers, 323

Crime, 161

Cullen, William, 166 , 177 , 183 -184, 262 ;

First Lines of the Practice of Physic , 181 ;

theory of hysteria in relation to neurosis, 181 -184

Culture, 169 ;

Augustan, 162 ;

eighteenth century, 165 ;

Georgian, 162

Cuppies, Thomas, famous Enlightenment doctor, 168

Czech language, the, 420

D

Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé (1789-1851), French scene painter and physicist, use of photography in treatment of the mentally ill, 356

Daily Chronicle , 320

Daily Mirror , 320

Danish, the, 430

Darnell, Octapia, hysterical character in Roland Blake , 299

Darwin, Charles, Descent of Man , 427 ;

reference to by Francis Warner in The Expression of Emotions in Men and Animals , 383 ;

study of the nature of expression, 382

Darwin, Erasmus, English poet and scientist, 172

Daudet, Leon, Les Morticoles (1894), 310

Daumer, Georg Friedrich, 429

David-Ménard, Monique, French twentieth-century psychoanalyst, 265 , 326 , 328 ;

Hysteria from Freud to Lacan (1983), 328

Davidson, Peter, presentation of a case of hystero-catalepsy from Liverpool, 392 -393

Deafness, 322

Death, hysteria mistaken for, 33 -35, 46 , 51 , 56 , 63


460

Decorum, cults of, 155 -165;

variegated, 162

Déga, Dr. Georgette, her studies at the medical faculty of Bordeaux, 313

Deity, 119

Delerium tremens, 229

Demonology, 98 ;

early modern diagnoses of demoniacs, 231

Denmark, hysteria in, 168

Depression (see also Spleen, Vapors), 141

Derangement, somatic, 99

Descartes, René, 108 , 117 , 143 ;

Cartesian cogito , 237 , 243 ;

Cartesian dualism, 108 , 184 , 234 ;

Cartesian ontology, 234 ;

Cartesian science, xi , 95

Deutsch, Felix, physician who treated Ida Bauer after she broke off her analysis with Freud, 423

Devil, the, 117 , 121 , 122 , 131 , 361

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual , the English-speaking world's authoritative psychiatric handbook, 230

Diamond, Hugh W., 358 ;

the case of "A. D., aged 20," 355 ;

introduction of photography into the treatment of the mentally ill, 353 ;

paper "On the Application of Photography to the Physiognomic and Mental Phenomena of Insanity," 355 ;

portrait of a case of religious melancholy," 354

Dickens, Charles, Little Dorrit , 185

Diderot, Denis (1713-1784), French philosopher, 243

Didi-Huberman, Georges, study of Jean-Martin Charcot, 312

Diepgen, P., 41

Diet, neo-Pythagorean, 176 ;

and Thomas Tryon, 176

Digestion, 10

Diocles of Carystos, therapy used for hysterical pnix , 35

Diogenes Laertius, 34 -35, 63 -64

Disease, 40 , 117 ;

Hippocrates' theory of, 16 , 27 , 29 -30;

historical identification of, 226 ;

mutation of, 225 -226;

taxonomy of, 161 -162

Dissection, 36 ;

as vivisection, 42

Divine Mind, the, 237

Doddridge, Dr. Philip, 171

Donkin, Dr. Bryan, nineteenth-century English physician, 302 , 305

Donne, John, 136

Dora, the hysterical patient made famous by Freud (see also Bauer, Ida), ix , 228 , 233 , 286 , 316 -319, 331 -333, 430

Dorset, in the West Country, 138

Drama, Jacobean and Restoration, 135 ;

reflecting hysteria, 160

Dramatists, the, 131

Drawing up of limbs, 10 , 47

Drayton, Michael (1563-1631), English poet, Poly-Olbion , 127

Dream analysis, technique for curing hysteria, 315 , 323

Drink, 161

DuBois, W(illiam) E(dward) B(urghardt), Dusk of Dawn (1940), 334 -335

Dupont, J. C., 168

Duras, Marguerite, xvi , 97 , 99 -101, 103 -104, 106 , 124 ;

La Douleur , 104 ;

The Malady of Death , 104 ;

The Ravishing of Lol Stein , 104

Durling, R. J., 50

Dykstra, Bram, 248

E

Ecole Freudienne, school for psychoanalysis in Paris, 328

Ecole Polytechnique, 295

Eddy, Mary Baker, founder of Christian Science, 290

Eder, David, member of early twentieth-century group practicing Freudian psychotherapy in London, 324

Edinburgh, 156 ;

medical school at, 166 , 168 , 175 , 179 , 181 -182

Education, medical, 64

Education of women, 297 -298, 327

Egypt, Greco-Roman influences on, 36 , 43

Eissler, Kurt, hypothesis about the discovery of psychoanalysis, 320

Elias, Norbert, 237

Elizabethan period, the, 128 , 136 , 167 , 230

Ellenberger, Henri, vii -viii, 5

Elliot-Smith, G., early twentieth-century military doctor, prescription to cure shell-shocked military officers, 323


461

Ellis, Havelock (1859-1939), English psychologist, 297 , 309 , 427

Empedocles, 33 -34, 52 -53

Empiricists, the, 40 , 119

Encyclopedists, Byzantine and ancient, 37 , 41 , 44 -45, 47 -48, 50 , 53

England, 134 , 136 , 142 , 153 , 160 , 167 -168, 182 -184, 293 , 296 -297, 300 , 306 , 321 ;

during the Enlightenment, 151 ;

early modern, 225

England, Tudor Stuart, great sweat and plague in, 226

English, the, 254 ;

civilized life, 153

English Civil War, the, 138

"English Malady," the (see also Cheyne), 152 -274 passim

English Restoration, the, 136 -237, 143 -145, 149 , 160 ;

libertinism during, 144 ;

hedonism during, 144

Enlightenment science (see also Newton, Newtonianism, and French Revolution), 150 -176

Entralgo, Lain, 238

Epilepsy, 19 , 23 , 37 , 39 ;

history of, 379 ;

hysterical epilepsy, 258

Ergotism, and mass hysteria, 225

Erotomania, 272 -173

Esgers, Jan, medical student of Herman Boerhaave, 168

Esquirol, J.-E.-D., creator of first modern psychiatric atlas, 116 , 257 , 349

Etherege, Sir George, 1635-1691, English Restoration dramatist, 160

Etiquette, codes of, 160

Euporiston , translated by Theodorus Priscianus, 48

Euripides, 132 ;

Hippolytus , 104

Europe, 148 -149, 156 , 182 , 226 , 228 , 287 , 305 ;

early modern, 130 , 134 ;

medieval, 227 ;

modern culture emerging around 1700, 136 ;

Western, 54 , 114 , 153

European Enlightenment, x , 95 -96, 100 -101, 106 -107, 124 , 132 , 141 , 147 , 149 , 153 , 157 -158, 164 , 171 , 177 , 182 , 227 , 238 , 243 , 247 ;

aesthetic theory, 358 ;

art, 356

Eusebius of Caesarea (c. 263-339?), Greek historian, 429

Eve, 131

Evelina, in the novel by Frances Burney, 163

Exhibition of the Arts of Women in Paris, 310

F

Fabre, Jean Henri (1823-1925), French entomologist and author, 287

Face, the, 383

Faculté de Paris, the, 307

Fainting, 10

Fairbairn, William R. D., 233

Falconer, William, 178

Falret, Jules, 302 , 305

Family, the, stability of, 306

Farmer, Hugh, An Essay on the [male] Demoniacs of the New Testament, 171

Farington, Joseph, British landscape painter, 178

Faulkner, Benjamin, owner and operator of a private madhouse at Little Chelsea in London, 178

Fear, psychoanalytic issue of, 326

Febvre, Lucien, 198

Fedikew, Patricia, "Marguerite Duras: Feminine Field of Hysteria," 101

Felix, Cassius, first-century A.D . African writer, 48

Fellatio, 420 , 426 , 430

Female lunacy, 179 -184

Female reproductive system, the, 251 , 298 , 329

Femininity, theory of, 287

Feminism, 97 , 111 , 286 , 288 , 290 , 305 -306, 329 -331, 333 -335

Féré, Charles, article in the Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpêtriére , 377 ;

image showing sensitive skin of the epileptic, 378

Ferenczi, Sándor, distinction of World War I hysterical symptoms, 321 ;

clinical diary, 365 -366

Fermor, Arabella, 150

von Feuchtersleben, Ernst, nineteenth-century Viennese doctor, 232 , 255 , 293

Fielding, Henry,

Amelia , 264 ;

Captain Booth , 164 ;

Tom Jones , 172

Fienus, Thomas, Renaissance medical theorist, 124


462

Finch, Anne, the Countess of Winchelsea, 153 ;

The Spleen: A Pindarique Ode by a Lady , 153

First World War, the, 229 , 241

Fishberg, Maurice, 412 ;

The Jews: A Study of Race and Environment (1911), 405

Flaubert, Gustave (1821-1880), French novelist, 290

Fletcher, Ian, 306

Fliess, Wilhelm, 233 , 431

Florence, Italy, 63

Fluss, Emil, 425

Food, 161

Fops, 161

van Foreest, Pieter, 63 ;

Observationum et curationum medicinalium , Book 29, 62 ;

Observations, 25 -34, 62 ;

scholia , 34

Forel, August, The Sexual Question (1905), 418

Foreman, Richard, "Ontological-Hysteric Theatre," 137

Forsyth, David, member of early twentieth-century group practicing Freudian psychotherapy in London, 324

Fortuna, Bona, Treatise on the Viaticum , 113

Foucault, Michel, xvii , 95 -96, 113 , 162 , 179 , 237 , 250 ;

and female, 150 -172 passim;

History of Madness , 250 ;

History of Sexuality , 303 ;

inner spaces, 162

Fracassini, A., 168

France, 136 , 142 , 149 , 162 , 168 , 174 , 183 , 291 , 302 , 306 , 320 ;

the fourth Republic of, 105

Franklin, Benjamin, 361 -362

Fraser, Lawrence, 168

Frau K., wife of Herr K., 426 -427, 436

Free association, technique for curing hysteria, 315 , 323

Free will, 131

French, the, 153 ;

civilized life, 153

French Revolution, the, 92 , 181 -183, 184 , 360 , 370

Freud, Amalia, mother of Sigmund Freud, 426

Freud, Anna, 327

Freud, Martin, son of Sigmund Freud, 426

Freud, Sigmund, vii -x, xv -xvii, 92 -94, 98 , 102 , 105 , 115 , 124 , 142 , 145 , 156 , 180 , 184 , 227 -228, 231 -234, 236 , 238 , 264 -265, 288 -289, 305 , 314 -319, 323 , 325 , 327 -328, 331 , 333 , 359 , 364 -366, 402 , 404 -405, 412 , 415 -417, 420 , 422 -423, 425 -428, 430 -431;

death wish, 237 ;

Differential Diagnosis of Organic and Hysterical Paralysis (1886), 415 ;

Dora , 317 , 419 , 436 ;

"The Dynamics of Transference," 318 ;

ego, 237 ;

free-floating unconscious, 118 , 234 , 237 ;

Freudian "mind doctors," 247 ;

id, 237 ;

Interpretation of Dreams , 366 , 411 ;

letter to Emil Fluss, 425 ;

Oedipal conflicts, 327 ;

Oedipal triangle, 420 ;

paper "On Male Hysteria," 314 ;

Studies on Hysteria , 300 , 315 -316, 419 ;

penis envy, 327 ;

super ego, 237 ;

theory of sexual etiology of the neuroses, 320 ;

theory of sexuality, 325 ;

translation of Charcot's Lecons de Mardi , 314 ;

use of Charcot's nosological category, 419

Frings, Monsignor Joseph, view about being Jewish in the twentieth century, 425

Froment, Jules, twentieth-century neurologist, 366 -367

Fuchs, Leonhart (1501-1566), translator of 1545 edition of Aphorisms , 60

Fumigation, remedy for ancient gynecological conditions, 20 -21

Furor uterinus (see also Gynecology, Uterus, Vagina), 112 -145 passim

Fussell, Paul, conclusion that out of World War I there originated a new world of mythology, 324 ;

glossary of the romantic vocabulary of World War I, 324

G

Gabriel, Georges-François Marie, unpublished image of Eugene Hugo, 349

Gale, Susan (see also Wordsworth), 177

Galen of Pergamum, x , 5 -6, 22 , 25 -28, 35 , 37 -39, 41 -47, 50 -64, 120 ;

commentary on Hippocratic Aphorisms , 55 , 58 -60;

De usu respirationis , 33 ;

model of the body, 46 ;

On the Affected Parts , 26 , 34 , 41 , 53 , 60 ;

On the Method of Healing the Glaucon , 49 , 54 ;

Tegni , 57 ;

theory of "hysterical suffocation," 34

Galileo, 117


463

Gallop, Jane, 288

Galton, Francis, composite photography, 402 , 411 ;

"composite" and "component" images of the Jew, 410 ;

photographs of "boys in the Jews' Free School, Bell Lane," 409

Gamgee, Arthur, Professor of Physiology at Owens College, Manchester, account of Charcot's experiments with hypnotism in the British Medical Journal , 349 , 359

Gay, John (1685-1732), English playwright and poet, 160 , 164

Gay, Peter, 238

Gender, 136 -137, 170 , 172 , 175 , 178 , 182 , 293 , 305 , 367 ;

theory of, 228

Gender ideology, 330

Genital passage, the, 366

Genitalia, 38 , 43 , 307 -308, 391 , 420 -421, 426 , 431 ;

circumcised, 411 ;

female, 425 ;

male, 425

Gentleman's Magazine , 171

Georget, Etienne, 262

German language, 435

Germanic school of neurophysiology, the, 236

Germany, 168 , 174 ;

alleged weakening of by the Jews, 435

Gérôme, Jean Léon (1824-1904), French historical and genre painter, 345

Ghost in the machine, the, 231 ;

ontology of, 243

Gilles de la Tourette, Georges, essay on the schematic representation of the hysteric, 391

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins (1831-1908), American feminist, reformer, and educator, 186 , 300 ;

"The Yellow Wallpaper" (1892), 299

Gilman, Sander, Jewish Self-Hatred , 425

Girls, Roman Catholic, 388

Gissing, George, character Alma Rolfe in The Whirlpool (1897), 306

Globus hystericus , condition resulting when the wandering womb of a Greek woman becomes lodged in her throat, 402

Glover, Mary (see also Edward Jorden), 116 -121

God, 121 , 171

Gold fever, 226

Goldsmith, Oliver (1730-1774), English poet and dramatist, 160

Goldspeigel, Hêléne, Contribution à l'étude de l'hystérie chez les enfants (1888), 313

Gosling, Francis, 246 , 296

Gourevitch, D., 24

Gout, in relation to femininity, 168 ;

to hysteria, 168

Grande hystérie , prolonged and elaborate convulsive seizure, 307 , 312 , 416 ;

arcen-cercle phase , 308 , 345 , 359 , 361 -362, 368 ;

the "attitudes passionnelles," 308 , 362 ;

the "clownism" phase, 308 ;

the epileptoid phase, 308

Graphic , the British newspaper, 356

Grasset, J., view that cerebral-spinal degeneracy is the source of all hysteria, 385

Graves, Robert, famous shell-shock patient, 324

Gray, Thomas (1716-1771), English poet, 170 -171

Great plague of Athens, 226 ;

as described by Thucydides, 225

"Great sweat" of early-Tudor England, 226

Greeks, the, 4 , 14 , 17 , 91 , 97 , 205 , 185 , 232 , 238 , 372 , 374 ;

East, 55 , 64

Green, Monica, 65 ;

On the Method of Healing, to Glaucon , 43 , 56

Greenblatt, Stephen, 158

Greer, Germaine, The Female Eunuch , 126

Griesinger, Wilhelm, German psychiatrist, 254 ;

Mental Pathology and Therapeutics , 255

Gross, C. G, 168

Guidott, Thomas, English Restoration physician, 168 -170

Guillain, Georges, Jean-Martin Charcot's student and biographer, 309

Guitti, Eliogoro, belief that hysteria manifests itself internally, 391 ;

image of an hysterical gut from "Osservazioni Cliniche," 393

Gurowski, Adam, Polish noble, 434

Gutmann, Julius Moses, writing on the structure of the Jewish face, 410


464

Guze, S. B., 4

Gynecology, 249 -251, 260 ;

ancient Greek, 4 , 16 , 17 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 50 ;

Hippocratic, 5 , 9 , 16 -17, 55 , 57 ;

Latin, 54

H

van de Haghen, C., medical student of Hermann Boerhaave, 168

Haight, Gordon, 296

Hamlet, 95

Hammond, William, 1876 history of hysteria, 372

Hand, the hysterical traumatic paralysis of, and hysterical hand, 391

Hapsburg Empire, 420

Hardy, Thomas, character Sue Bridehead in Jude the Obscure (1895), 306

Harrington, Anne, 258

Harsnett, Samuel, A Declaration of Egregious Popishe [sic] Impostures. . . Under the Pretence of Casting Out Devils (1603), 127

Harvard Medical School, 314

Harvey, William, discoverer of the circulation of the blood, 33 , 115 , 117 , 126 , 131 -133

Haslam, John, an official at Bethlehem for two decades, 178 , 251

Haygarth, John, late-eighteenth-century medical theorist, treatise Of the Imagination, as a Cause and as a Cure of Disorders of the Body , 178

Heart, the, 162

Heberden, William, 263 -264, 244 -245

Hebrew language, 425 , 430

Hebrews, the, 8

Hecquet, Philippe, French physician of the ancien régime, Le naturalisme des convulsions dans les maladies de l'épidémie convulsionnaire (1733), 170

Hegar, Alfred, nineteenth-century physician known for the practice of hysterectomy and ovariectomy, 255

Heitz, Jean, essays to the Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpêtriére , 372

Helmholtz, Hermann (1821-1894), German scientist, 238

Heracleides of Pontus, 33 -35, 46 ;

Apnous, 35

Heresy, 117

Herndl, Diane, 333

Herodotus, 31

Herophilus of Chalcedon, 36 , 40

Herr, K., 423 , 427 -428

Hervey, Lord, English political figure and diarist, 167

Hesiod, 17

Highmore, Nathaniel, 145 , 168 , 262 ;

etiology from "bad blood," 140

"Hipp and hyppish," as related to hysteria, 167

Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, 3 , 16 , 29 , 26 , 33 , 38 , 43 , 63 , 92 , 104 , 106 , 115 , 118 , 153 , 231 , 250

Hippocratic corpus of writings, 3 -5, 8 -9, 11 -12, 16 , 18 , 26 , 28 -29, 32 , 36 -38, 41 -42, 48 -50, 55 , 57 , 59 , 64 ;

Aphorisms , 5 , 8 , 45 , 47 -48, 50 , 54 , 57 -60;

Diseases of Women , 7 , 14 -20, 23 , 25 -27, 30 -32, 36 -38, 45 , 48 -50, 54 , 56 ;

Diseases of Young Girls , 56 ;

Generation , 4 , 6 , 8 , 28 , 30 , 31 ;

Nature of the Child , 30 -31;

Nature of Woman , 14 -15, 22 , 38 ;

On the Sacred Disease , 30 ;

Places in man , 30 ;

Prognostics , 57 ;

Regimen , 31

Hippocratic scent therapy, 26 , 38 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 46 -48, 51 -52, 54 , 56 , 61 , 64

Hippocratic womb, the (see also Womb), 25

Hirschfeld, Magnus, nineteenth-century German sexologist, 427

Hitler, Adolf, discussion of syphilis in Mein Kampf , 432 , 434 -436

von Höblin, C., and Alzheimer, A., "Ein Beitrag zur Klinik und pathologischen Anatomie der Westphal-Strümpellschen Pseudosklerose," image of the brain structure of the hysteric, 388

Hodges, Devon, 129

Hogarth, William (1697-1764), English painter and engraver, 174

Holdheim, Samuel, Jewish rabbi and nineteenth-century reform leader, 429 -430

Holland, 148 , 162 , 168

Holländer, Eugen, twentieth-century physician, historian, and art critic, 372

Holocaust, 104

Homosexuality, 319 , 326 , 334 ;

Male, 292 , 304 , 324 , 431


465

"Hôpital Charcot," the, 307

Horney, Karen (1885-1952), American psychiatrist and founder and dean of American Institute of Psychoanalysis, 327

Horowitz, Rabbi Lazar, spiritual leader of the orthodox Jewish community in Vienna in the nineteenth century, 430

Howells, Winifred, 299

Human organism, the, 99

Humanists, Erasmus, 123 ;

More, 123 ;

Petrarch, 123 ;

Renaissance, 123

von Humboldt, Alexander, letter to the Duchess Friederike von Anhalt-Dessau, 357

Hume, David, 158

Hunain ibn Ishaq al-`Ibadl, known to the West as Johannitius, 50 ;

Isagoge , 57

Hungarian language, 420

Hunt, Leigh, play, A Legend of Florence , 63

Hunter, Dianne, 316 , 335 ;

"Hysteria, Psychoanalysis, and Feminism: The Case of Anna O," 101

Hunter, Richard, 175

Huntingdon's chorea, 256

Hurst, Arthur F., paper on battle fatigue (1918), 384 ;

study of hysterical contractures, 366 -367, 370 , 391

Hypnosis, 258 , 307 , 315 , 323 , 349

Hypochondria, 255 , 293 -294;

stigmatization of, 294

Hysteria, bisexuality, 288 ;

education, 297 -298, 327 ;

gender, 286 -287, 289 ;

introspection, 246 -247;

marriage, 23 , 24 , 56 ;

menstruation, 13 , 251 -253;

passivity, 297 -299, 314 -317;

sex roles, 302 -303;

causes of, stress, 228 -229, 242 -243, 246 , 295

Hysteria, creativity in relation to, 168 -170

Hysteria, diagnosis of, as physical, 11 -12, 23 -24, 227 -229, 232 , 236 -237, 239 , 244 , 252 -255, 259 -260;

as psychological, 23 , 228 , 232 -233, 233 -234, 236 -239, 247 -248, 261 -265, 288 ;

retrospectively, 9 , 10 -11, 53 , 227 -229, 231 ;

and hypnotism, 258 ;

and magnetism, 258 -259;

and neurology, 255 -260;

by women, 287 ;

in men (see Male hysteria); by Hippocrates, 17 -25

Hysteria dissenters and (see also Hysteria; feminism and), 171 -175, 334 -335

Hysteria, doubles in, 173 -175

Hysteria, the Enlightenment and, 152 -168;

golden age of, 140 -168,

especially 161 -163,

and gout, 168

Hysteria, falsification of (see also War neurosis), by women, 62 , 255 , 261 -262, 263 -264, 300 -302, 327 ;

by men, 321 -326

Hysteria, feminism and (see also Feminism), 306 -306, 316 -317, 320 , 326 -330, 332 -333

Hysteria gender constructs and, 289 , 292 -293, 303 -304, 305 -306, 309 , 319 , 326 , 333 ;

and representations of hysteria, 309 -310

Hysteria, gender formation and, 140 -178,

especially 168 -170; 229 , 288

Hysteria, history of, 4 -5, 8 , 9 -10, 12 , 226 , 229 -230, 231 -236, 287 -288, 303 -304, 313 , 328 -330, 332 -333, 335 ;

and language, 290 -291;

by women, 313 , 328 -330

Hysteria, imitation as crucial in, 180 -182

Hysteria, latent, 258

Hysteria, the law and, 204

Hysteria, male (see also Neurasthasia), 10 -11, 140 -176 passim, 290 -291, 304 -305, 307 -309;

alternative conditions and terms for, 235 , 255 , 290 -297, 313 -314, 321 , 326 ;

and bonding among males, 168 -170;

and feminine nervous constitutions among males, 169 , 229 , 289 ;

and Freud, 314 -315;

and hysteria in women, 13 , 307 , 309 -310, 315 ;

and poetic genius, 168 ;

psychogenic explanations for, 164 -166;

and temperamental sensitivity among males, 169 ;

and World War I (see also War Neurosis), 321 ff.;

and women analysts, 333

Hysteria, mass, 10 ;

as symptoms of ergotism, 225

Hysteria, mock-epic novels and, 172

Hysteria, nymphomania and, 172 -173

Hysteria, organic resonance and, 185

Hysteria, paradoxes of, 173 -177

Hysteria, predictability of, 180 -183

Hysteria, psychoanalysis and, 319 -320


466

Hysteria, shell shock and (see also War Neurosis), 323 -324

Hysteria, sterility in women and, 291 -293, 305 -306

Hysteria, the surrealists and, 312 -313

Hysteria, taxonomy and, 179 -182

Hysteria, treatment of (see also Hysteria, male; Sexual intercourse; War Neurosis), 20 -24, 26 , 36 , 37 , 43 -47, 51 -52, 54 , 244 -248, 254 , 300 -302;

by women doctors, 41 , 299 -300, 327 , 333 ;

by reconstruction of the patient's story (see also Hysterical narrative), 318 -319, 333 ;

compression of genitals, 307 -308;

doctor-patient relations (see also Feminism), 10 -11, 23 , 244 -245, 298 -299;

evaluation of, 35 , 303 , 310 -311, 319 , 327 ;

incurable, 253 ;

literary characteristics of, 317 -318;

and marriage, 317 -318;

and women's independence, 316 -318, 326 -327

Hysteria, working-class women and, 305 , 320

Hysteria as zeitgeist disease , 9 , 158 -168, 164 -165

Hysteric as performer, 309 -311, 320 ;

and catarrh, 168 ;

visibility of the, 142 -176 passim

Hysterica passio , 127 -129

Hysterical gout, 167 -169

Hysterical mania, 169

Hysterical narrative, 318 -319, 333 , 335

"Hystérie virile" term used by Jean-Martin Charcot to describe his concept of male hysteria, 309

Hysterika, meaning of, 5 -6, 7 -8, 12 -13, 15 , 41 -42

Hysterike pnix , medical symptom identified by the Hippocratics as "suffocation of the womb," 5 , 6 , 14 -20, 22 , 29 -32, 35 -36, 38 , 40 -48, 50 -51, 54 , 56 , 58 -59, 61 , 64 , 98

Hystero-epilepsy, 227 , 377

Hysterogenic zone, 307 -308

I

Iatromechanists, 184

Ibn al-Jazzar, 53 -56;

Kitab Zad al-Musafir , 52 , 55

Ibn Sina (Avicenna), discussions of hysterical suffocation in his Qanum (the Canon ), 52 , 57 , 62 -63

Iconographie photographique de la Salpêtrieére , three-volume medical atlas, 374

Idealism, conflict with materialism, 238 -241

Iliad, the, 30

Illustrated London News , British newspaper, 356

Imaginary, the, 332

Imagination, Elizabethan, the, 137 ;

Restoration, the, 137 ;

as the source of hysteria, 404

Imagination, and disease, 148 -178 passim;

and hysteria, 163 -165, 404

Indians, Sioux, 294

Individualism, in relation to hysteria, 162 ;

and narcissism, 162

Inflammation of the reproductive organs, 179

Inquisition, the, 352

Insanity, 261

Instinct and the Unconscious , 325

Intellect (see also Sedentary life), 160 -162, 261

Introspection, 246 -247

Isenflamm, J. F., 168

Islamic culture, 53 , 64

Israel, Lucien, L'hystérique, le sexe, et le médecin , 290

Italy, hysteria in, 162 , 168

J

Jackson, Elizabeth, arraigned on charge of bewitching the fourteen-year-old Mary Glover, 116

Jackson, John Hughlings, difference be tween Jackson's model of hysteria and Charcot's model of hysteria, 417 ;

view hysteria as a dissolution of the higher functions of the nervous system, 365

Jacob, Joseph, 412 ;

discussion of Galton's finding of the absolute Jewishness of the gaze, 409 -410

Jacobus, Mary, 180 , 332

Jacyna, L. S., 249

James, Dr. Robert, 152

Janet, Pierre, French neurologist, 100 , 112 , 227 , 230 , 259 , 265 , 314

Jansenists, 370 , 372


467

Jardine, Alice, Gynesis: Configurations of Woman and Modernity , 101

Jenner, Edward, Gloucestershire doctor and smallpox researcher, 173 , 293

Jews, 420 , 422 -423, 425 -426, 428 , 431 -436;

circumcised, 431 , 433 ;

Eastern, 372 , 382 ;

as a high risk group for contracting the disease hysteria, 405 -406, 410 -418;

as a religious category, 374

Jewson, Nicholas, 244

Johannes, Platearius, De aegritudinum curatione , 56

Johns Hopkins University, 328

Johnson, Ben, 136

Johnson, Samuel, 134 , 163

Jones, Ernest, member of early twentieth-century group practicing psychotherapy in London, 324 , 327

Jordanova, Ludmilla, 291

Jorden, Edward, 112 , 114 , 116 , 118 -124, 126 -127, 129 , 133 , 149 , 232 ;

A Briefe Discourse of a Disease Called the Suffocation of the Mother , 29 , 62 -63, 114 , 117

Jorge, Jose M., "Coxalgia histérica," X ray image from, 292

Joubert, Laurent, the chancellor of the University of Montpellier, 123

Judaism, 429 -430

Judischer Frauenbund, the League of Jewish Women, 316

K

Kahane, Claire, 288

Katz, Susan, view about Freud's ideological position towards women and men, 318

Keller, Evelyn Fox, 291

Kelley, Mary, 286

Kierkegaard, Soren, xv

Kilgour, Dorothy, From Communion to Cannibalism: Metaphors of Incorporation , xvi

King, Helen, 227 , 231

Klein, the Hungarian Jew who wandered on foot to Paris and was admitted to the Salpêtriére the next day, 406

Klein, Melanie, 327

Kohon, Gregorio, British hysterical analyst, 287

Krafft-Ebing, Richard, belief that civilization regularly brings forth degenerate forms of sexuality, 418 , 427

Kristeva, Julia, viii , 97 , 103 , 111 , 124

Krohn, Dr. Alan, 106 , 125 , 165 , 226 , 230 -231

L

Lacan, Jacques, xvi , 95 , 132 , 333 , 334 , 420

Lady Mary, 167

Lamarque, Henri, and Bitot, Emile, 397 ;

description of the schematic representation of the hysteric, 391 ;

image of the posture of the schematic patient from "Sur un cas d'hystéro-traumatisme chez l'homme," 395

Langenheim, William and Frederick, use of lantern slides for the "moral" treatment of the patients in the Philadelphia Hospital for the Insane, 356

Langhorne, John, Letters on Religious Retirement, Melancholy, and Enthusiasm (London, 1762), 177

Language, 117 , 143 , 290

Laqueur, Thomas, 130 , 250

Lattes, L., work on changes in the quality of the hysteric's face, 384

Latin West, the, 55 , 57 , 64

Laurenziani, Lorenzo (ca. 1450-1502), 59

Lavater, Johann Caspar, his study of physiognomy, 383

Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent, 362

Lawyers, in New York, 294

Laycock, Thomas, British psychophysiologist, 262 ;

Treatise on the Nervous Diseases of Woman , 63

Layne, George S., 356

Lederer, Wolfgang, Gynophobia ou la Peur des Femmes , xii

Lefkowitz, M. R., 15

Leoniceno, Niccolò (1428-1524), translator of the Theodorus Gaza edition of the Articella , 59

Leontes, 129 ;

The Winter's Tale , 128

Lepois, Charles, the Italian physician also known as Carlo Piso (1563-1633), 139 -140

Lewis, Bevan, mid-Victorian British physician, 246

Lewis, G., 8

Lewis, I. M., 23


468

Leytonstone, London suburb where Robert Carter practiced medicine, 262

Lieutaud, Joseph, 124

Lilien, Ephraim Moses, drawing of a Jewish female, 408

Linton, Eliza Lynn, term "the shrieking sisterhood," 306

Literary criticism, 143 , 289

Little Hans, one of Freud's patients, 318

Littré, Emile, Dictionnaire de la langue françraise (1863-1877), 13 -15, 20 -21, 23 , 29 -30

Liver, 19 , 22 , 23 , 32 , 49

Liverpool Medical History Society/Society for the History of Science, the, 65

Locke, John, xii , 138 ;

Essay Concerning Human Understanding , 148

Logos , the, 27

Lombroso, Cesare, 427 ;

study of epileptics, 377

Londe, Albert, head of the Salpêtriére's photographic service, 350 , 379

London, England, 136 , 138 , 156 , 170 , 182 , 292

London Times , the, 320

Lord Hervey, target of Alexander Pope's satire in Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot , 167

Lote, George, Rabelais scholar, 123

Louis XVI, French king (1754-1790), 184

Louyer-Villermay, Jean Baptiste, French physician, 292

Love, 99 , 120

Love sickness, 112 -114

Lovelace, Ada, Byron's daughter, 227

Lusitanus, Amatus, 63

Luys, Dr. J.-B. (1848-1897), author of an early photographic medical atlas, 349 , 385 ;

image of the hysteric's brain from "Recherches nouvelles sur les hémiplégies emotives," 387

Luys, Georges, brother of Dr. J.-B. Luys, photograph "Esther," 349

Lynch, John, view on the exploitation of manliness during World War I, 325

M

Macalpine, Ida, 175

Maddock, Alfred Beaumont, 253

Madhouses, 171 -178

Madness, 178 -182;

theory of, 175

MacDonald, Michael, 125

Magic, 117 , 125 , 127

Male hysteria, see under Hysteria, male

Malleus Maleficarum , the "Witches Hammer," 115

Mandeville, Bernard, English satirical writer on economic and ethical subjects, 146 -147, 151 , 154 , 158 , 162 , 168 , 184 , 245 ;

The Fable of the Bees , 145 ;

Treatise of the Hypochondriack and Hysterick Passions , 146

Mann, W. N., 8

Manners, cults of, 160 -162

Mannheimer, Isaac Noah, rabbi of the Seitenstettengasse synagogue, 430

Mantegazza, Polo, study of Erthroxylon and its derivative, cocaine, 427 ;

trilogy on love and sex, Fisiologia dell' amore (1872), Igiene dell' amore (1872), and Gli amori degli uomini (1885), 427 -428, 431 , 433

Mantias, follower of Herophilus, 36

Mantua, Countess of, 120

Mao Tse-tung, leader and founder of Chinese Communist party, 228

Maplet, John, English Restoration physician, 168 -170

Marcellus Empiricus, Book of Medicines , 44

Marcellus, Marcus Claudius, commentary on Dioscorides, Philotheus, and Paul of Aegina, 59

Marriage, 23 , 24

Marsden, C. D., 9

Martial (Marcus Valerius Martialis) (A.D.C . 40-c. 104), Epigrams , 42 , 62

Martin, Emily, 291

Martin du Gard, Roger (1881-1958), French novelist, 309

Martineau, Harriet, 134

Marx, Karl, description of his archrival Ferdinand Lassalle, 435

Marxism, 419 -420

Masson, Jeffrey, 255 ;

views about Freud's patient Dora, 317

Masturbation, 317 , 319 , 422 -423, 429 ;

anti-masturbation campaigns, 182 -186;

masturbatory disease, 388


469

Materialism, philosophies of, 117 , 157 , 180 , 240

Mathematics, 150

Matossian, Mary, 225 , 226

Maudsley, Henry, late Victorian psychiatrist, 240 , 247 , 251 , 254 , 297 , 302 ;

and materialism, 254

Maudsley Hospital, 327

Maulitz, Russell, 249

Mead, George Herbert, remarks about the fundamental assumptions of science, 415

Mechanics, Newtonian, 151 , 163 ;

mechanism, 117

Medical education, 45 -46, 49

Medical history, 225 , 226 , 230 ;

changes in nineteenth century, 248 -249;

emergence of specialized fields, 249

Medical schools, hysteria and, 168

Medical theory, 119 , 133 , 165 , 167 , 171 , 174

Medicine, 64 , 119 , 123 , 129 , 166 , 181 , 236 , 239 -240, 248 -250, 266 , 289 ;

Arabic, 44 , 55 -56;

Assyrian, 16 ;

Babylonian, 16 ;

Byzantine, 47 ;

Enlightenment, 146 , 255 ;

Galenic, 54 -56;

Georgian, 152 ;

Hippocratic, 3 , 8 , 15 -16, 18 , 24 , 29 , 40 , 49 , 54 , 61 ;

mathematical, 154 ;

mechanical, 177 ;

medieval European, 52 ;

nineteenthcentury, 245 , 250 , 253 , 257 , 265 , 269 ;

Roman, 24 ;

Western, 92

Medieval world, the, 64 , 91 , 107

Meige, Henry, editor of the Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpêtriére after 1901, 372 ;

dissertation of 1893 on the wandering Jew, 411 ;

image of Moser C., 413 ;

image showing the physiognomy and the gaze of "Gottlieb M.," 414 ;

image of a wandering Jew as the model for the psychopathology of the Eastern Jew, 412

Melancholy, 293

Mendoza, Rafael, character in William Thackeray's Codlingsby , conversation with Lord Codlingsby, 409

Menopause, 18 , 252

Menstrual pain, 255

Menstruation, 5 , 10 , 18 , 22 , 27 , 37 , 40 , 42 -43, 50 , 52 , 53 , 57 , 250 -253, 298 , 391

Mercier, Charles, 246 , 302 ;

response to David Forsyth's criticism in the Lancet, 324

Merskey, Harold, 230

Mesmer, Franz Anton (17337-1815), German physician responsible for developing the treatment known as mesmerism, 104 , 183 -185, 232 , 359 ;

portrait of, 362

Mesmerism, meaning of, 362

Mesmerism, treatment of hysteria and, 309 -310

Mesmerist, image of the, 360

Methodism, 40 , 372

Methodists, the, 370

Metsitsah , Jewish circumcision ritual, 430

de La Mettrie, Julian, 240

Meynert, Theodor, 238 ;

publicly expressed skepticism about Jean-Martin Charcot's symptomatology, 314

Micale, Mark, xvi -xvii, 65 , 168 , 235 , 257 , 287 , 309 , 313 , 328

Michaelis, Johann David, eighteenth-century German commentator, 429

Michelet, Jules, nineteenth-century French social historian, 97

Middle Ages, the, 96 , 99 , 112 , 118 , 379 ;

late, 97 , 100

Middlesex riots, the, 182

Midwives, 41

Mill, John Stuart, 246

Millar, John, 254

Millett, Kate, 330

Milton, John (1608-1674), 98 , 135

Mind, the, 103 , 113 , 120 , 122 , 156 , 160 , 235 , 237 , 244 , 247 , 383

Mind and body, Cartesian, 162 -168

Mischling , term from racial science parallel to bastard, 435 -436.

Mitchell, Juliet, 111 , 180 , 288 , 319 , 333

Mitchell, Dr. Silas Weir (1829-1914), American physician and author, 176 , 245 -246, 297 -298, 300 , 302 -303;

article in Doctor and Patient , 298 ;

image of the ulcerated skin of the hysteric from "Hysterical Rapid Respiration, With Cases; Peculiar Form of Rupial Skin


470

Disease in an Hysterical Woman," 389 ;

Roland Blake , 299

Mitchinson, W., on nineteenth-century Canadian medicine, 29

Modernism, 96

Moi, Toril, study about Freud, 318 , 333

Mohel , role performed by the circumciser in the Jewish circumcision ritual metsitah , 430

Monro, Harold (1879-1932), English poet, 178 , 184

Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 160 , 167

Monte Cassino, monastery founded c. 529 by St. Benedict of Nursia, 55

de Montgeron, Louis Basile Carré, account of the Jansenist miracles, 370 ;

La verité des miracles operas par l'intercession de M. de Pâris et autres appellans demontrée contre M. L'archevêque de Sens , 371

Montpellier, 123

Moreau de Tours, Jacques Joseph, 346 , 349 ;

1890 photograph "Hysterics of the Charité on the Service of Dr. Luys," 348 , 356 , 359 , 362

Morgagni, Giovanni Battista, Seats and Causes of Diseases . . . (English version 1769), 177

Morris, C. A., British surgeon during the Boer War, 321

Moscucci, Ornella, 249 , 255

Mott, Frederick, early twentieth-century shell-shock treatment theorist, 322

Muhammad ibn-Zakariyya' ar-Razi (Rhazes), twenty-four volume collection of works, citation of Hippocratic text Diseases of Young Girls , 53 ;

Kitab al-Hawi , 51 ;

Kitab al-Mansori , 51

Multiple sclerosis, 256

Munthe, Axel, nineteenth-century Swedish doctor, his description of Charcot's Tuesday lectures, 311

Muscio, translator of Soranus, 39 , 48

Mutism, 322

Myers, Dr. Charles S., case studies of amnesia, impaired vision, and emotional distress among British soldiers in France, 321

Mystics, Catholic, 367

N

Napier, Richard, early Stuart parson-physician, 125

National School of Agronomy, 374

Nazi Germany, 105

Neologisms for hysteria, 167

Nerve culture, 152 -178;

in Georgian England, 156 -176

Nerves, the, 161 , 165 , 170 , 172 -173, 175 , 182 , 227 ;

nerve doctors, 153 , 157 , 162 , 164 -165, 173 , 175 -176, 179 -180, 182 -184, 245 -246, 289 ;

semiotics of, 162

Nervous constitution , term used by Dr. Thomas Sydenham to describe an improperly understood sensation, 142

Nervous discourse, 166 -168

Nervous organization, 150 -178 passim;

metaphors of, 162 -165

Nervous sensibility (see also Sensibility), 161 -162, 163

Nervous style, 166 -167

Nervous system, the, 143 , 146 -147, 150 -151, 154 , 185 , 232 , 252 , 262 , 418 ;

central, 145 ;

female, 103 ;

Newtonian fluxions to, 105 ;

semiotics of, 140 -175 passim

Nervous tension, 160 -168, 160 -172 passim

Netherlands, hysteria in, 168

Neurasthenia, nervous disorder named by George M. Beard defining a condition of nervous exhaustion, 228 , 245 , 294 -297, 306 ;

and "rest cure," 297 -298

Neurobiology, 157

Neurology, 249 , 255 -260

Neurosis, 13

The New Testament , 171

Newton, Sir Isaac, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica , 148 ;

Newtonianism, 151 , 153

Newtonian dissertations on hysteria, 167

Newtonian matter theory, 184

Newtonian revolution, 151 -168

Newtonian science, xi

New York Times , editorial on the 1989 Sunday Mass interruption at Saint Patrick's Cathedral, 334

Nietzsche, Friedrich, xv


471

Nile river, the, 234

Nilus, Saint, 368

Nishi, H., Chugai Iji Shinpo , chart representing the image of psychic forces in the Japanese male hysteric, 403

North America, 226 , 228

Norwich, county seat of Norfolk, England, 130

Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpêtrière , 349 -351

Nymphomania (see also Hysteria), 172 -173, 254

O

Obstetrics, 249

Oedipal rule, the, 95

Oedipus complex, the, in Freudian psychology, 95

Oedipus Rex , Greek tragedy, 95

O'Hara, Scarlett, 329

Oliver, P., and Halipré, A., "Claudication intermittente chez un homme hystérique atteint de pouls lent permanen," image depicting Charcot's diagnostic category of intermittent claudication, 424

Onania crusades, the, 182 -183

Oribasius, 38 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 54 ;

Synopsis , 45

Orient, the, 176

Organic chemistry, 249

Orgasm, 262 ;

female, 112 , 130 , 250 , 287

Original sin, Christian doctrine of, 131

Origen (ca. A.D . 185-ca. 254 A.D .), Christian theologian, 35 , 429

Oxford, England, 157

Ovaries, the, 254 , 391

Ovulation, 250

Owen, Wilfred, famous shell-shock patient, 324

Oxford University, 138 -139, 170

P

Paganism, 107

Page, Herbert, Injuries of the Spine and Spinal Cord (1883), 417

Pain, 185 -186;

and emotion, 185 -186

Palingh, Abraham, image of the witch from 't Afgeruckt Mom-Aansight der Tooverye: Daar in bet bedrogh der gewaande Toverye, naakt ontdeckt, en eml gezone Redenen en exemplen dezer Eeuwe aangewezen wort (1887), 374 ;

study of witchcraft, 374

Panic, hysteria and, 164 ;

in relation to crime, 164

Pappenheim, Bertha, 290 , 315 , 332 , 419 -420, 432

Paracelsus, Aureolus, 123 , 232

Paralysis, 10 , 15 , 322

Paré Ambroise, French physician, 115 , 123

Paris, France, 100 , 180 , 295 , 314 , 359

Parkinson's disease, 256

Parma, Italian city, 59

Parry, Caleb, 262

Parsons, Talcot, 233

Pasteur, Louis, developer of a germ theory of contagious disease, 353

Pathology, 176 , 249

Paul of Aegina, 38 -39, 44 , 46 -47, 49 -50, 54

Paul of Aetius, 51

Paul, Saint (d. A.D . 67?), apostle to the Gentiles, 429

Pausanias, 34

Pear, T. M., early twentieth-century military doctor, prescription to cure shell-shocked military officers, 323

Pelvic structure, 391

Penis, as animal, 28 ;

circumcised on a Jewish man, 425 -426;

infection by syphilis, 434

Periander of Corinth, 31

Perkins, Charlotte, nineteenth-century hysteric, 101

Perley-Guze criteria, in psychiatry, 9

Perry, Charles, the Levant, 176 -177;

On the Causes and Nature of Madness (1723), 176

Personal identity (and hysteria diagnosis), 160 -161

Pharmacoepia, 24

Pharoahs, 235

Philaretus, on pulses, 57

Philo (c. 20, B.C .-A.D.C . 50), Alexandrian Jewish philosopher, 429


472

Philosophy, 165 , 240 ;

mechanical, 163 ;

modern linguistic, 234 ;

natural, 148

Philotheus, 60

Philumenos of Alexandria, 45 -46

Phelgm, 19

Photography, and hysteria, history of, 356 -357;

use as a means of psycho-therapy, 355 -356, 358 , 381 , 392

Physicians, 99 , 102 , 111 , 114 , 120 , 122 , 124 , 143 , 156 , 240 , 249 , 261 , 296 ;

American, 305 ;

Arabic, 37 ;

eighteenth-century, 116 , 123 ;

Enlightenment, 154 , 155 , 242 , 253 ;

London, 170 ;

nineteenth-century, 229 ;

Renaissance, 231 -232;

Victorian, 240 , 298 , 300 , 302

Physiognomy, hysterical, medical literature of, 384

Physiology, 112 , 117 , 130 , 141 , 169 ;

Cartesian, 108 ;

sexual, 99

Pineal gland, 108

Pinel, Philippe (1745-182?), French physician and psychiatrist, 116 , 168 , 179 -180, 232 , 255 , 257 , 261 -262, 349 -350, 362 , 370 , 384

Pitcairne, Archibald, professor of medicine at Leyden and Edinburgh, 151

Pithiatism, suggested alternate terminology for hysteria, 235

Plague, 110 , 225 -226, 435

Plath, Sylvia, 334

Plato, 33 , 35 , 107 , 132 ;

Platonism, 237 , 240 ;

Timaeus , 25 -28, 42 , 44 ;

theory of the womb, 26 , 46 , 52 -53, 118

Platter, Felix (Platterus), 113

Pleasure, 99

Plinca polonica, skin disease attributed by Western dermatologists to the Jews of the East, 379

Pliny, the Elder, 6 , 34 -35, 63

Plutarch, Moralia , 31

Poe, Edgar Allan, essays on the daguerreotype, 358

Poets, Romantic, 132

Politeness, cults of, 157 -164

Pollock, Griselda, nineteenth-century art critic, 310

Pomme, Pierre, French physician, a 168 ;

treatise on "Hysterical Affections in both Sexes," 178 -179

Pope, Alexander, English poet, 153 , 167 ;

The Rape of the Lock , 150 , 158

Portland, Duchess of, 160

Possession, 23

Positivism, logical, 233 ;

medical diagnosis and, 236 , 259 -260;

Third Republic, 259

Poststructuralism, 234

Praxagoras of Cos, 33

Pregnancy, 19 , 22 , 40

Priestley, Joseph, English radical theologian and scientist (1773-1804), 171

Progrès Médical , the Salpêtrière medical journal, 313

Prostitution, 136 ;

link between the Jew and syphilis, 432

Protestant lands, 134

Proteus, sea-god, the son of Oceanus and Tethys, 91 , 100 , 108 , 146 , 166

Psychasthenia, suggested alternate terminology for hysteria, 230

Psyche, 238 ;

female, 105 , 123

Psychiatry, 93 , 138 , 233 , 249 , 259 , 261 , 264 , 289 , 367 ;

psychiatric clinics in Western Europe, 411 ;

rise of, 162

Psychoanalysis, vii , ix , xv , 233 , 235 , 237 -238, 265 , 319 -320, 324 , 328 , 330 ;

Freudian, 93 , 104 , 232 , 288 , 316 , 318 ;

Lacanian, 287 ;

technique of, 315 ;

Viennese schools of, 366

Psychoanalytic method, the, 288

Psycholinguistics, viii

Psychology, 169 , 259 -260,

Freudian, 23

Psychopathology, 367 , 374

Psychosis, 228

Psychotherapy, 120 , 334 ;

Freudian, 324

Purcell, Dr. John, self-professed "nerve doctor," 149 , 153 , 168

Pure Reason, as developed in the tradition of a Christian-Platonic divine-right monarchy, 238

Pybus Club, the, 65

Q

Queen Anne, 149 -150

Queen Victoria, 63


473

Queensbury Rules, the, 230

Quinsey, the streptoccocal infection, 225

R

Rabelais, François (c. 1490-1553), 134 ;

Gargantua and Pantagruel, 123 ;

Tale of a tub , 152

Radcliffe College, 298

Radcliffe, Dr. John, 149

Railway spine, hysterical trauma resulting from railway accidents, 417 -418

Rakes, 161

Ranelagh Gardens, the, 100

Raphael, citation of by Eugen Holländer, 372 ;

sketch transfiguration , 368 -369, 374

Raulin, Joseph, description of male hysteria in Glafira Abricosoff's book L'hystérie aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles , 313

Ravenna, fifth/sixth-century Italian city, 57 ;

Romanesque mosaics of, 367

Raymond, Fulgence, French psychiatrist who's misquotation by Maurice Fishberg became the leading view in German psychiatry, 405 ;

and Janet, Pierre, "Malformations des mains en `pinces de humard," image "Asymetrie du corps chez une epileptique," 380

Realism, 109 , 111 , 123

Regnard, Paul, 377 ;

image of a visual hallucination, 376 ;

Les maladies épidémiques de l'esprit: sorcellerie magnétisme, morphinisme, délire des grandeurs , 373 , 375 ;

monograph on the visual relationship between magnetism, morphinism, and madness, 374 ;

photographs of Augustine from the second volume of the Iconographie de la Salpêtrière , 372

Reich, Wilhelm, 238 , 289

Reil, Johann, asylum superintendent during the nineteenth century, 261

Reininger, Robert, claim we construct our understanding of the world from our internalized system of values, 436

Religion, history of, 370

Religious enthusiasm, 177

Religious melancholy, 162 -175 passim

Rembrandt, (Harmenszoon van Rijn), tradition of anatomies, 345

Renaissance, the, 57 , 91 , 95 -97, 99 , 101 , 106 -108, 112 , 124 , 126 , 129 , 131 -132, 158 , 181 -183, 227 , 239 , 241 , 292 , 374

Report of the Royal Commission on Mesmerism, 361 -362

Reproductive organs, the, 179 , 254 , 297 , 300

Republic of Letters, the, 160

Respiration, 33 , 47

Rest cure for hysteria, 246 -248;

for neurasthenia, 297 -298;

for shell shock, 323 ;

failure with men, 299 ;

protests against, 299 -300

Revillon, Charles, French physician, author of Recherches sur la cause des affections hypochrondriaques , 170

Revue de l'hypnotisme , 388

Revue photographique des Hôpitax des Pairs , 349

Reynolds, John Russell, A System of Medicine , 289

Richardson, Samuel, 170 ;

Sir Charles Grandison , 152 ;

Clarissa Harlowe (1753), 185

Richer, Antoine, Les Demoniques dans l'Art (1887), 231

Richer, Paul, colleague of Jean-Martin Charcot, 345 , 350 , 367 , 377 , 379 , 383 ;

Études cliniques sur le grande hystérie ou hystéro-épilepsie , 363 ;

"Gonflement du cou chez un hysterique," 351

Risse, G. B., 10

Rivers, W. H. R., early twentieth-century British psychologist, 325 -326;

view on Freud's theory of the unconscious and the method of psycho-analysis founded upon it, 321 ;

study of shell shock, 325 ;

theory of the unconscious, 325

Robb, Dr., nineteenth-century physician, 3 , 7 -8, 14 , 16

Robert-Fleury, Tony, portrait, "Pinel Freeing the Insane," 347 ;

influence of, 345

Robinson, Dr. Nicholas, 151 , 153 , 155 -156, 168 ;

"Newtonian dissertation on hysteria," 167

Romans, the, 4 , 8 , 14 , 36 , 64


474

Romantics, the, 110 ;

Romantic poetry, 177 ;

Romanticism, 248

Róona, S., work continued from Moriz Kaposi on forms of skin eruptions which could be labeled hysteric, 389

Ross, T. A., suggestions for training World War I soldiers, 324

Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1712-1778), French philosopher, 243

Rousselot, Jean, study of medicine in art in post World War II era, 372

Rowley, William, English physician specializing in female diseases, author of A treatise on female, nervous, hysterical, hypochondriacal, bilious, convulsive disease ;

apoplexy and palsy with thoughts on madness and suicide, etc ., 177

Roy, Alec, 230 ;

Hysteria (1982), 10

Royal College, the, 117

Royal Society, the, 146 , 355

Rudolphy, K., "Ohroperationen bei Hysterischen," chart representing the operations of the German hysteric's hearing, 404

Russett, Cynthia, 291

S

Sade, Donatien Alphonse François, comte de (1740-1814), French author known as the marquis de Sade, 184

Sacerdote, A., work on the changes in quality of the hysteric's face, 384

Sadler, John, Sicke Woman's Private Looking-Glasse wherein Methodically are handled all uterine affects, or diseases arising from the wombe; enabling Women to informe the Physician about the cause of their grief e , 131

St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 302

Saint Patrick's Cathedral, New York City, 334

Salem witch-hunting trials, 100

Salerno, school of, 55 , 56 , 148

Salmon, Thomas, early twentieth-century British physician, 322

Salpêtrière hospital, 242 , 257 , 259 , 264 , 289 , 302 , 305 , 308 -312, 314 , 345 -346, 349 , 352 , 359 , 365 , 366 -367, 372 , 377 , 383 -384, 406 , 411 , 422 -423

Sartre, Jean Paul (1905-1980), 290

Sassoon, Siegfried, famous shell-shock patient, 324

Satan, 98 , 232 ;

satanism, 99

Satow, Roberta, 4 ,

"Where Has All the Hysteria Gone?" 101

de Sauvages, Boisser, 262

Savage, Sir George, nineteenth-century London physician, 247

Savill, Thomas D., study of skin on hysterical children, 389 ;

image of the hysteric with syphilis from "A Clinical Lecture on Hysterical Skin Symptoms and Eruptions," 390

Schreiner, Olive (1855-1920), South African author and feminist, 292

Science, 129 , 232 , 240 , 259 ;

Enlightenment, 165 ;

nineteenth-century, 176 ;

medical, 231 ;

of the body, 236

Scientific revolution, the, 239

Scotland, 168 , 174 , 183

Scott, Joan, post-World War II American historian, 330

Scriblerians, the, writers' collective, 160

de Schweinitz, George Edmund, Philadelphia opthalmologist in the early twentieth century, 384

Scully, D. H., 4

Sculptured image of a case of hemiplegia from the teaching collection of the Salpêtrière, 385

Sedentary life (see also Intellect), 160 -162

Self-fulfillment, developing codes of, 160 -161

Semiology of illness, 160

Semiotics, medical, 286 , 362 ,

Semites, the, 227

Sennett, Richard, American sociologist, 162

Sensation, 143

Sensibility, cults of, 160 -161

Sergt, M., hysterical patient with wounds on his right forearm, 367

Sexism, 329 -331

Sexual etiology of the neuroses, 324

Sexual intercourse, 40 , 42 , 50 , 52 , 62 , 426 ;

with a circumcised penis, 422

Sexual organs, the, 99 -100, 251 , 297 ;

female, 112 -114, 134

Sexual passions, the, 262


475

Sexual politics, and hysteria in the eighteenth century, 162

Sexual theory, nineteenth century, 249 -250;

twentieth-century, 132 -133

Sexuality, 136 , 163 , 250 , 292 , 327 , 329 , 333 , 427 ;

female, 93 , 251 , 292 , 303 -304, 335 ;

Greek origins of term, 329 ;

male, 171 ;

repression of, 182 -185, 302 -303, 326

Shakespeare, William, 114 , 123 , 126 -129, 131 , 133 ;

Hamlet , 95 ;

King Lear , 121 , 127 -128

Shamanism, 23

Sharp, Jane, a male "quack doctor" in Restoration England, 132

Shaw, James, study of the concept of asymmetry in the hysteric's face, 384

Shaw, Peter, His Majesty George II's Physician Extraordinary, The Reflector: Representing Human Affairs, As They Are: and may be improved , 163

Shell shock (see also War Neurosis), post traumatic symptom first experienced by soldiers after World War I, 229 , 247 , 292 , 304 , 321 , 326 , 367 , 370

Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792-1822), "Ginevra," 63 -64

Shorter, Edward, 9 , 29 , 297 -229, 326

Showalter, Elaine, xiii , xvi ,

Sichel, Max, Jewish physician during World War I, 433

Siemerling, E., view of cerebral-spinal degeneracy as the source of hysteria, 385

Sigerist, Henry, 328

Silverman, Debora, comments about the Central Union of the Decorative Arts program in the 1890s, 310

Simon, Bennett, Mind and Madness in Ancient Greece , 22 -24

Sitwell, Dame Edith, 171

Skae, David, nineteenth-century British physician, 247

Skey, F. C., nineteenth-century English physician, 302

Skin, hysterical; as an image of the disease hysteria, 402 ;

relation between the appearance of skin to the state of the genitalia, 389 , 391 , 434

Skinner, Quentin, 142

Skull, the, 383

Skultans, Vieda, historian of English madness, 293

Slater, Eliot, 4 , 242

Slavney, Phillip, description of Etienne Trillat's study "Perspectives on Hysteria," 335

Smallpox, 352

Smart, Christopher, 170 , 171 , 177

Smith, Adam, Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, 134

Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, feminist historian, 302

Smollett, Tobias: Don Quixote, the fictional character, 172 ;

Launcelot Greaves, the fictional character, 172

Sneezing, as treatment for hysteria, 4 -5, 40 , 45 , 56 , 58 , 59 , 60 -61

Snow, C(harles). P(ercy). (1905- ), English novelist, "two cultures" dichotomy, 237

Society, 169 ;

Western European, 104 , 149 , 175

Sofer, Pressburg Rabbi Moses, 430

Sollier, Paul, case of the contracture of the hand in the male hysteric in the fourth volume of the Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpêtrière , 391 ;

image of the hand of the male hysteric from "Contracture Volontaire chez un Hystérique," 394

Somatism, 237 , 239 , 245

Sontag, Susan, xvi ;

Illness as Metaphor , 110

Soranus, gynecological theories of, 25 -28, 35 -42, 44 , 47 , 53 -55, 57 , 91 ;

Gynecology , 15 , 37 , 53

Sorcières , early twentieth-century French feminist journal, 331

Spain, 148

Speech disorders, 326

Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903), English philosopher, 295 -296;

article written for the Westminster Review , 295

Spencer, Johann, eighteenth-century theologian, 429

Spenser, Edmund, 98

Spinoza, Baruch, 1632-1677, Dutch philosopher, 410

Spirits, evil, 361

Spleen, the, 231 , 255 , 293

"Startle effect," 358


476

Steffens, Paul, twentieth-century Hamburg physician, 385

Steindler, A., essay on hysterical contracture, 392 ;

image of posed hysteric from "On Hysterical Contractures," 397

Stephen of Pisa, 55

Sterility, hysteria and, 291 -293;

neurasthenia, 295 -296

Sterne, Laurence (1713-1768), British author of Tristram Shandy , 163 , 170 , 173 , 243

van Stevenick, Lucas, medical student of Hermann Boerhaave, 168

Stevenson, Anne, her remarks to the controversy concerning the use of "hysterical" as a critical term for the poetry of Sylvia Plath, 334

Stigma and illness, 175 -178;

and gender, 176 -177

Stock, Johann Christoph, 168

Stone, Martin, early twentieth-century shell-shock scholar, 325

Strauss, H., "Erkrankungen durch Alkohol und Syphilis bei den Juden," chart representing the Jewish hysteric, 407 ;

study of the pathology of the Jews, 406 , 433

Stress, 228 -229, 242 -243, 246 , 295

Stuart England, 105

Surrealism, 312 -313

Surrey County Lunatic Asylum, the, 356

Sweat, great, 226

Swedenborg, Emanuel (1688-1772), Swedish scientist, philosopher, and theologian, 183 -185

Swift, Jonathan, 160 ,

Tale of a Tub , 152 , 170

Switzerland, hysteria in, 168

Sydenham, Dr. Thomas, xii , 13 , 93 -94, 98 , 102 -104, 106 , 109 -110, 116 , 124 , 137 -149, 151 -153, 155 , 157 , 162 , 167 -168, 170 , 173 -174, 177 , 180 -181, 185 , 232 , 245 , 258 , 293 ;

Epistolary Dissertation , 139 , 141 , 143

Symbolic, the, 332

Syphilis, 228 , 229 , 389 , 417 , 421 -423, 428 -435

Szasz, Thomas, 234 -235, 239 , 265 ;

The Myth of Mental Illness , 233

T

Tabes, 422

Talbot, Fox, use of photography in treatment of the mentally ill, 356

Tears (see also Blushing), 163

Teeth, grinding as symptom of hysteria, 15 , 19 , 23

Tetanus, 364 , 366 , 368 , 379

Testicles, the, 308

Thackeray, William, 409 ,

Codlingsby , 406

Theodorus Gaza, traductio nova edition of the Articella , 58 -59

Theology, 238 , 240 ;

Christian, 237

Theophanes Nonnos, medical compilations by, 46

Theophilus, on urines, 57

Therapists, High Victorian, 246

Theseus, 104

Third Republic, the, 231

Thorax, the, 241

Throat, the, 241

Thucydides (c. 460-400 B.C .), Greek historian of Athens, description of the "great plague" of Athens, 225

Tickner, Lisa, study of the British suffrage movement, 306

Tilt, Edward, Victorian physician, 286

Timaeus of Locri, 25

Times Literary Supplement , 334

Tissot, Samuel Auguste, Swiss "antimasturbation" doctor, 182 , 245 , 262

Tode, Johannes, 168

Trance, 23

Travel to seaside resorts, 164

Trillat, Etienne, 257 , 335 ;

Histoire de l'Hysterie (1986), vii , 5 , 9 -10, 29 , 41 -42, 291

Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, 313

Trota, twelfth-century female physician, Cum auctor , 56 ;

Ut de curtis , 56

Trumbach, Randolph, 136

Tryon, Thomas, mystic and vegetarian, Discourse of the Causes of Madness , 176

Tuberculosis, 228

Tudor-Stuart England. See England, Tudor-Stuart


477

Tuesday Clinic, clinic operated by Jean-Martin Charcot, 242 , 247 , 260

Tuesday lectures, the, 350 , 415

Tuke, Hack, 265

Tukes, the (William, Henry, and Samuel), asylum superintendents during the nineteenth century, 261

Turbayne, C. M., 25

Turner, William, 168

Tuskegee experiments, 433

U

Uffizi Gallery, Bacchic scene of "dying Bacchante," 372

United Kingdom, the, war hospitals for mental patients, 321

United States, the, 287 , 294 -297, 305 -306, 434

University polyclinic, the, 249

University of San Francisco, the, 331

Urban sprawl, in relation to gender arrangements, 154 -166

Uterus, the, 251 , 254 , 292 , 359 , 402 ;

uterine system, the, 252

V

Vagina, 251 , 254 ;

relationship to the circumcised penis of a Jewish man, 425

Van Deusen, E. H., 305

Van Swieten, Gerard, 262

"Vapours," 119 , 149 -150, 152 -153, 155 , 170 , 255 , 289 , 293

Vascular system, the, 252

Vassar College, 298

Veith, Ilza, medical historian of hysteria, 104 , 106 , 109 , 115 , 139 , 142 , 157 , 183 , 232 -233, 235 , 237 , 242 , 246 , 255 , 262 , 329 -330;

Can You Hear the Clapping of One Hand (1989), 331 ;

Hysteria: The History of a Disease , vii , xvii , 4 -5, 7 -8, 26 , 93 , 96 , 119 -121, 232 ;

Hysteria (1965), 328 -331

Vesalius, Andreas, 63 ;

De humani corporis fabrica (1543), 64

Vico, Giovanni Battista, xv

Victorians, the, 185

Vienna, Austria, 420 ,

during the time of Freud, 144 , 174 , 183 , 315 , 402 , 405 , 427

Vienna General Hospital, 323

Vienna Psychiatric Society, the, 314

Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, 405 -406

Vienna, University of, 404

Viennese Jewish community during the early nineteenth-century debate on the abolition of circumcision, 430

Viennese Society of Physicians, 402

Vindicianus, 48

Violence, 161

Virago, early twentieth-century English publishing company, 331

Virard, P., 168

Virgins, 123 , 135

Visibility of the hysteric. see Hysteric

Visionaries. See Camizards, French prophets, Blake, English lyric poets

W

Wack, Mary, 64 , 99 , 113

War fever, 226

War Neurosis, 321 -326

Warner, Francis, The Expression of Emotions in Men and Animals , 383

Warner-Jauregg, Professor Julius, report for the Austrian commission appointed to investigate the treatment of World War I war neurotics, 323

Weilder, Walter Baer, image showing eyes, and sight of the hysteric, 386 ;

work on hysterical blindness, "Some Ocular Manifestations of Hysteria," 384

Weir Mitchell rest cure, the, 323

Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, the, 65

Western medical model before 1800, the, 92

Weyer, Johannes, Dutch physician, 112 , 14 -116, 122 -127, 149 , 232

WHAM, abortion rights group, 334

Wharton, Edith (Jones) (1862-1937), American novelist, 299

White, Andrew Dickson (1832-1918), study of conflict between science and theology, 374

White, Hayden, xiii

Whytt, Robert, Scottish physician, 179 -180, 183 -184, 262 ;

Observations on the nature, causes and cure of those disorders which have been commonly called nervous ,


478

hypochondriac, or hysteric, to which are pre-fixed some remarks on the sympathy of the nerves , 166 -167;

"Proteus and the chameleon," 176

Widows, 123 , 135

Wilde, Oscar, 292 , 346

Willis, Thomas (1621-1675), English physician and anatomist, authority on brain and nervous system, 104 , 124 , 138 , 140 -141, 143 , 145 ;

147 , 151 -152, 155 , 158 , 162 , 183 -184, 241 , 262 ;

Affectionum quae dicuntur & hypochondriacae pathologia . . . (1672), 140 ;

theory of sympathy, 147

Wilson, N. G., summary on Alexandrian medicine, 45

Wit, Restoration and Scriblerian, 160

Witchcraft, 96 -98, 100 , 104 , 121 , 127 , 132 , 148 , 329

Witches, 98 , 100 -101, 105 , 117 , 124 , 126 , 132 , 149 , 177 , 233 , 352 , 361 , 374 , 377 ;

the late medieval witch craze, 225 ;

witch-hunts, 265 , 287 , 329 ;

witch trials, 242 , 329 ;

witch's claw, the, 104 -105

Witches, the, early women's group, 331

Wittmann, Blanche, the "Queen of Hysterics," 229 , 242 , 309 -310, 345 -346

Womb, the, 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 27 , 28 , 36 , 38 , 117 , 119 , 130 -134, 157 , 181 , 232 , 266 , 356 , 404 ;

dry womb, 18 -19;

movement of, 12 , 14 , 17 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 38 -39, 42 , 46 , 48 , 50 -53, 55 , 64 ;

origin of all diseases, 30 ;

Plato's description of, 25 -28, 104 , 118 , 123 ;

suffocation of, see Hysterike pnix ; wandering, 25 -26, 42 , 49 , 54 , 116 , 118 , 121 , 125 , 140 , 335 , 402 , 404 ;

womb, as animal, 25 -26, 28 , 38 -39, 40 -41, 43 -44, 46 , 52 , 56 , 185 ;

womb as oven, as hearth, 31 -32

Women, hysteria and. See under Hysteria

Women's suffrage, in England, 326 ;

in the United States, 326

Woodruff, R. A., 4

Woolf, Virginia, Mrs. Dalloway , 247

Wordsworth, William (see also Gale, Susan), 132 , 153 ;

"The Idiot Boy," 177

World War I, 292 , 300 , 321 , 366 , 433

Wright, Dr. Almwroth, article "On Militant Hysteria," 320

X

X-ray medical analysis, 381 , 391

Y

Yiddish, 425 -426

Z

Zampieri, Domenichino (1581-1641), 368

Zetzel, Elizabeth Rosenberg, Emergency Medical Service psychiatrist during World War II, 330 ;

first analytic paper, "War Neurosis: A Clinical Contribution," 327

Zeviani, G. V., 168

Zilboorg, Gregory, medical historian, 231

Zionist , alleged bastard race originating from sexual selectivity, 434

Zoöphilist , English antivivisectionist journal, 311


 

Preferred Citation: Gilman, Sander L., Helen King, Roy Porter, G. S. Rousseau, and Elaine Showalter Hysteria Beyond Freud. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1993 1993. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft0p3003d3/