Index
A
Note: This index contains materials found in the main text only, not in the footnotes.
Aberdonian philosopher, 279
Academy of Sciences (French), 337 , 349 , 354 , 435
action, 82 , 84 , 98 , 102 -104
Adam, 27 , 159 , 410 , 437
Adamite, 410 ;
pre-Adamites, 410 -411, 414 , 438 . See also Isaac La Peyrère
Adorno, Theodor W., xviii , 324 , Dialectic of Enlightenment, xviii
Africa, 405
Africans, 406 , 414 -417, 421
Age of reason, 42
Aids, 45
air, 159 , 176 , 227 , 234 , 248 , 250 , 262 , 264 -269
Alberti, Michael, 190
alcoholism, 76
Aldini, Giovanni, 229
Alexander I, Czar of Russia, 441
Alibert, Jean-Louis, 318
Allestree, James, 113
Allestree, Richard, 113
Alpinus, Prosper, 215 , 229
Alps, 358
Alsace, 432
America, 405 , 415 , 417 , 440 -441
American Constitution, 439
American Philosophical Society, 440
Americans, 222 , 253 , 256 -257, 307 , 414 , 417 , 440 -441
Amo, A. W., 421
Amsterdam, 354
Amsterdam Synagogue, 427
anatomy, 3 -40, 107 -143, 145 -183, 186 -230, 291 -328, 331 -390, 405 -412. See also brain
Angelo, Michael, 178
angels, 253 , 260
Anglicanism, 24 , 113
Anglicans, 114 , 120 , 273 , 278 , 424 -425
Anglo-French relations, 356
Angola, 415
animal spirits. See spirits, animal
Anselm, 8
Anti-Jacobin, the, 246 , 252 ;
anti-Jacobin causes, 238 -239, 244 -248, 250 , 252 , 254 , 273 , 286
anxiety, in medical disease, 194 -205. See also fear
apoplexy, 139 , 141 , 213 , 380
Aquinas, Thomas, 21
Arabic, 341 , 424
Archimedes, 260
Árdal, Páll, 97
Arendt, Hannah, 424 -425
Aretaeus of Cappadocia, 340
Arianism, 279
Aristotle, 6 , 20 , 22 , 114 , 116 , 118 , 120 -121, 123 , 191 , 294 -296;
five principles, 116 ;
categories, 116
Armstrong, John, poet and physician, 288
Arnold, Thomas, 356 -357, 366
Aryans, 434 , 436 -437
Asclepiades, 158
Ashkenazi Jews, 432
Asia, 405 , 437
Asian, 374 , 415 , 435 -436
Assizes, Bedford, 277
Astell, Mary, xvii
asylums, 70 ;
at Cherenton, 303 ;
in York, 341 , 356 ;
in Amsterdam, 354
Athanasian Creed, 274
Athanor, machine invented by Bentham, 262 , 267
atheism, 33 , 314 , 405 -440
Atkins, John, 415
Atlantic Ocean, 291
atomism, philosophies of, 119
attention, 30
Aubrey, John, 111
Aurelianus, Coelius, 340 -341
Austria, Empress of, 202
Austrians, 383
Auteuil, France, 344
Auverre, 175
Avenbrugger, Leopold, 359
Avignon, 356
Avila, Spain, 409
B
Bacon, Sir Francis, 245 , 331 , 339 , 341 , 343 , 368
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 23 , 44 , 47
Balfour, Arthur James, 10
Banks, Sir Joseph, 254 , 262 , 361 , 398
Barckhuysen, Otto, 212 -214
Barker, Francis, 48
Barthes, Roland, 299 -300, 321
Barvile, in Cleland’s Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure,184
Basnage, Jacques, 429 -431. See also Jews;
marranos
Bastille, 321
Batavian Confederacy (United Provinces), 429
Bath Philosophical Society, 258
Bathurst, Ralph, 115 , 119 , 126 , 141
Bataille, Georges, 233 , 297 , 301 , 314 , 328
Battie, Dr. William, 68 , 72 , 353 , 356 -357
Baxter, Richard, 59 , 62 , 279 -280
Bayle, Antoine Laurent Jessé, 388 , 424 -425
Beam Hall, Oxford, 113 , 119
Beard, George Miller, 222
Beattie, James, 417
Beauvoir, Simone de, 328
Beccaria, Cesare Bone sana marchese di, 260 , 277
Beddoes, Thomas, 246 -247, 261 , 266 , 268 , 278 , 286
Bedford, John Russell, 4th Duke of, 428
Belgians, 230
Belhomme, Jacques, 345
Belle Grove, Leicester, 357
Belloe, Hillaire, 439
Bentham, Jeremy, 21 , 37 , 233 -241, 243 , 247 , 249 , 252 -255, 259 , 273 -279, 282 -283, 285 -289, 305 ;
Constitutional Code, 268 ;
Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation,271
Bergson, Henri, 10 , 14
Berkeley, George, Bishop of Cloyne, 280
Berlin, Germany, 360 , 366 , 371
Bernard, Claude, 352
Bethlehem Hospital, London, 58 , 68
Bible, the, 405 ,410, 438
Bicêtre Hospice, Paris, 336 , 346 -350
Bichat, Xavier (1771-1802), 299
Bidault, 366 , 388 . See also Villiers
Bienville, J. D. T. de, physician, 75
bile, black, 57 . See also melancholia;
melancholy
Birmingham, England, 243 , 266 , 286
Black, Joseph, 367
Blacking, John, xviii
Blackmore, Richard (physician and poet), 56 , 61
blacks, 409 , 411 , 413 -423
Blackstone, Sir William, British jurist, 253 -256, 264 , 282
Blake, William, poet and artist, 31 , 79 , 233 -234, 245 ;
Everlasting Gospel (1818), 245
Blanchot, Maurice, 328
Bliss, Nathaniel, 260
Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, 353 , 261 , 363 , 420
Bildungstrieb ("Life Force"), 361 , 389 . See also Blumenbach
bisexuality, 325
Bodin, Jean, 424
Bodleian Library, Oxford, 122
body, 48 , 52 -53, 68 , 74 , 177 , 182 , 184 , 193 , 206 , 213 , 221 , 235 , 240 , 276 -277, 281 , 283 -284, 287 -289, 293 , 299 , 307 -330, 332 , 338 , 349 , 375 , 378 -379, 421 , 432 ;
Francis Barker on, 48 ;
body physical, the, 321
Body Politic, 50 , 241 , 251 , 270 , 274 , 321
Boerhaave, Herman, 195 , 199 , 202 -203, 205 -206, 208 -209, 211 -212, 214 -216, 219 , 223 , 226 , 229 , 342
Bohemia, 172
Bonaparte (Napoleon), 339
Bond, Baron, Swedish aristocrat, 152
Bonet, Théophile (1620-1689), 380
Bonifazio Hospital (Florence), 358
Bordeu, Théophile de, 345 , 384
Bosanquet, Bernard, 10
Boscovich, Roger, 283 -284
Bossuet, Jacques Benigne, 27
Boston (Mass.), 421
Boswell, James, 73 , 186
Boudinot, Elias, 441
Boulanger, Georges, 27
Boulton, Matthew, 266
"Bowling Green" (Uncle Toby's), 173
Bowood (Wiltshire), Bowood House and "Bowood Group": 238 , 251 -252, 254 -256, 258 , 260 , 263 , 265 , 282
Boyle, Robert, 115 , 119 , 121 -122, 126 , 136 -137, 139 -140, 206 ;
lodgings in Oxford, 119
brain, 108 -145, 171 , 202 , 215 , 224 , 274 , 294 , 322 , 333 , 387 , 421 . See also anatomy
Bramble, Matthew, 181
Brazil, 415
Bressac, Count du, 315
Brissot, J. P., 234 , 249 , 273
Bristol (England), 247
Britain, 234 , 239 , 245 , 360
British, the, 250 -251, 255 , 292 , 333 -334, 338 , 356 -357, 359 , 366 , 368 , 376 -377, 381 -382
Boks, Peter, 149
Brothers of Charity, 355
Brothers, Richard, 246
Broussais, Francois Joseph Victor, 388
Browne, Richard, 158
Browne, Sir Thomas, 24 , 27 , 53
Brun, Charles le (1619-1690), French painter and author, 193
Bruno, Giordano, 245
Brunswick, Duke of, of Wolfenbüttel, Saxony, 421
Buchan, William, 53
Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, 27 , 152 , 193 , 297 , 353 , 384 , 414 , 420 , 423
Bunyan, John, 241
Burdach, Karl Friedrich, German neuroanatomist, 109
Burgos (Spain), 409
Burke, Edmund, 9 , 234 , 243 -244, 247 -251, 254 , 261 , 273 , 286
Burnet, Thomas, 24
Burney, Fanny, 64
Burton, Robert, 58 , 65 , 195
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 73 , 441
C
Cabanis, Pierre-Jean-Georges, 33 , 37 , 297 , 318 , 331 , 339 -340, 342 , 344
Calvinism, 208 , 269 , 275 , 279
Calvinists, 228 , 273 , 278 , 429
cameralists, 268 ;
German, 268
Camper, Petrus, 193
Camporesi, Piero, 50
Canaan, biblical figure, 405
Canning, George, statesman and satirist, 246
Canterbury, 22 , 131 ;
Archbishop of, 113
Cappadocia, 340
Capra, Fritjof, 48
Cartesians, 14 -17, 34 , 47 , 131 , 190 , 206 , 293 -296, 313
Carter, Angela, 303 , 320
case histories, of the insane, 333 -336
Castro, Isaac Orobio de, 429 , 436
Catalans, 216
Catherine, Empress of Russia, 254 -255
Catholics, 52 , 228 , 257 , 355
Caucasians, 417 , 424
Caucasus Mountains, 423
Cavendish, Henry, 267
"Cave of Spleen," Pope's in The Rape of the Lock,296
Celsus, 341
cerebellum, 121 , 128 , 133 -137
cerebrum, 121 , 133 -137
Cervantes, 409
Chadwick, Edwin, 269
Chambéry, Savoy, 358
Chaptal, Jean Antoine, 339
Charcot, Jean Marie, 199
Charenton, 337 , 387 ;
asylum of Charenton, 303
Charing Cross, London, 289
chemistry, 114 -118, 144 , 146 , 206 , 238 , 240 , 243 , 250 , 256 -258, 261 ;
pneumatic chemistry, 238
Cheshire, 163 , 184
Cheyne, George, physician and author, 40 , 76 , 147 -151, 171 , 181 , 202 , 212 ;
mind-body relation, 40 -42;
theories, 40 -41, 212 ;
on health, 55 ;
theory of nerves, 61 , 148 ;
medical views, 147 -151;
The English Malady,66 , 148 , 197 , 217 ;
Essay of Health and Long Life,151 -152
Chiarugi, Florentine Vincenzo, Italian Enlightenment physician, 358
China, 374
Chinese, 437
Christ, 21 , 50 , 52 , 178 , 211 , 277 , 308
Christ Church, Oxford, 113 -114, 119 , 121 -122, 124 , 136
Christian gospel, 7
Christianity, 7 -9, 16 , 20 -22, 50 , 52 , 65 , 210 -211, 235 , 258 , 274 , 278 , 282 , 308 -309, 311 , 313 , 406 -409, 411 -412, 425 , 428 -438;
New Christians, 406 -409, 411 ;
Old Christians, 406 -409
Church of Christ, 22
Cicero, 217
Clairwil, Madame, 323
Clarissa Harlowe, 183
Clark, Richard, 259
Clark, William, 211 -212, 214
Clarke, Samuel, 93 , 280 -281
Classification systems, 333
Cleland, John, 160 , 183 -184;
the idiot "Dick," 183 -184;
Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure,183
Clement, Monk, 302 , 316 , 319 , 328
Clive, Robert (1725-1774), Lord, 428
cocaine, 76
Cogan, Thomas, 219 -222, 225 , 229
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 41 -42, 60 , 72
Collard, A. A. Royer, 366
coma, 121 , 141
Common Sense school, 238 , 258 , 283 , 368 -369
commonwealth, 111
comparitive anatomy, 108
Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de, 27 , 317 , 336 , 339
Condorcet, Antoine Nicolas, 43 , 344 , 369
Continental Congress (Paris), 441 . See also Elias Boudinot
Continental writers, 292
convulsions, 121 , 141 , 195 -196
Cook, James, 254 , 262
Cooter, Roger, 269
Copernicus, Nicholas, 121
Cornish gentry, 124
Corpus Christi (Christ's body), 50
corpuscular theories, 117
Corvisart, Jean Nicolas, Parisian doctor, 348 -349
cosmology, 3 -11;
visionary, 234 ;
Blake's, 234
Couliano, 1 ., 78
Covent Garden (London), 185
Cox, Joseph Mason, 70 , 230
Crawford, Charles, Englishman, 441
Crazy Castle, in Sterne, 172
creationists, the, in cosmological thought, 22
Crichton, Alexander, medical thinker and reformer, 334 -339, 342 -343, 353 , 356 , 359 -384, 388 -390, 395 -398;
in Russia, 373 -374;
in France, 388 -389;
Inquiry, 367 -382
Cudworth, Ralph, 21
Cullen, William, Scottish physician and nosologist, 60 , 219 , 224 -225, 228 -230, 391 , 397
Cumbria, 275
Cupid, 326
Cuvier, Georges, 349 , 393
D
d'Alembert, Jean le Rond, 260
Daquin, Joseph (1738-1815), physician, 358 , 385
d'Aquin, Philippe, professor in Rome, 424
Dark Ages, 437
Darnton, Robert, 245
Darwin, Erasmus, 27 , 32 -33, 229 -230, 243 -244, 246 , 268 , 286
Daubenton, L. J. M., 353
d'Aumont, Arnulfe, encyclopedic author on health and hygiene, 191
Daventry Academy, 282
Davies, P. C. W., xix
death, 240
Defoe, Daniel, 160
Deism, 242
delerium, 121 , 141 , 375 , 377 , 380
delusion, 186 -231
Democritus, 21
depression, 66 -67
Deprun, Jean, 292
Derby Philosophical Society, 243
Desault, Pierre, physician and professor of surgery, 298 , 371
Descartes, René, xviii , 48 -49, 117 -118, 138 , 191 , 216 , 283 , 293 -296, 310 -311, 316 , 327
desire, 11 , 81 -82, 84 -85, 94 , 96 , 98 , 101 , 103 , 164 , 174 , 176 -177, 184 -185, 292 , 304 , 326 -328
Determinism, 94
Devil, the, 65 , 189 , 202 , 233
Dewey, John, 10
Dickinson, Emily, 330
Diderot, Denis, 26 , 28 , 31 -32, 40 , 191 , 297 , 427 , 434 -437
Diemerbroek, IJsbrand van, 220 -221
Digby, Ann, 71
Diogenes, 21
discourse of psychiatry, 334 ;
of sciences of man, 3 -44, 334 -335
Disraeli, Benjamin, 442
Dissenters, 256
diversity, principles of human, 405
Divine History, 429
Divine law, 89
Divine madness, 65
Divine Providence, 424
Doddridge, Philip, 242 , 279
Dogmatists, 341
Dolben, John, in the Willis group, 113
Donatus, Antonio Donati (1606-1659), 380
Donne, John, poet, 51
Dörner, Klaus, 387
Downs, exercising on them in England, 181
Dreyfus case, 439
Driesch, Hans, German vitalist philosopher, 14
dualism, philosphies of, 10 -11, 23 , 26 , 36 , 43 -44, 49 , 51 , 54 , 283 , 305 ;
Cartesian dualism, 8 , 11 , 48 , 311 , 316
Dubois, Justine's temptress in Sade, 312
Dunkirk, 173
Durand, Libertine bisexual witch in Sade, 325
Dutch, the, 117 , 193 , 196 , 202 , 429 , 435 , 437
E
Easter Term lectures at Oxford, 120
East Indian Company, 428
Eclectics, 341
Edinburgh, 60 , 192 , 209 , 219 , 244 , 249 , 299 , 342 , 367 -369, 373
Eleusinian mysteries, 245
Elias, Norbert, 47
Ellenberger, H. P., 42
emotions, 11 , 186 -230
empiricism, 102
empiricists, 341
England, 51 , 66 , 181 , 197 , 229 , 253 , 354 , 362 , 371 , 421 , 424 , 428 , 435
English, the, 66 , 79 , 109 , 112 , 121 , 143 , 149 , 161 , 211 -212, 222 , 238 , 243 , 248 -249, 260 , 277 -278, 347 , 361 , 383 , 409 -410, 415 , 421 , 425 , 431 , 438 , 441
"English Malady," the, 66 , 144 . See also Cheyne
Enlightenment, the, 8 -9, 14 , 16 , 19 , 23 , 25 -26, 28 , 30 -31, 35 -43, 53 , 65 , 74 , 108 , 146 , 189 , 235 , 239 , 241 , 245 , 252 , 292 , 297 -299, 301 -303, 306 -310, 316 , 322 , 324 -325, 329 , 335 , 339 , 341 , 359 , 405 , 414 , 423 -424, 428 -429, 434 -437, 442 ;
Enlightenment anthropology, 419 -421
Entralgo, Lain, medical thinker, 60
Ephesus, 196
Epicurus, 21 , 117 -118
epilepsy, 121 , 141
Erfahrungsselenkunde, German term for psychiatric discourse, 334 , 363
Eros, 326 , 329
Esquirol, Jean Dominique, French physician and psychiatrist, 334 , 336 -339, 345 , 348 -349, 354 , 360 -361, 375 , 381 , 383 -390, 397 -402;
Des passions, con-sidérées comme causes, symptômes, et moyens curatifs de l'aliénation mentale,336 ;
Dic tionnaire des sciences médicales,400
Essex, England, 241
Essex Street, London, 260
ethics. See morality
ethnology, American, 420 -421
Eucharist, the, 21 , 52
Euclid, 250
eudiometry, 266 -268;
eudiometric tours, 266
Eugénie, the novice in Sade, 306
Europe, 49 , 145 , 188 , 196 , 205 , 209 , 211 , 217 , 222 , 227 -228, 249 , 320 , 355 , 405 , 412 , 423 -424, 436 -440
European culture, 112 , 189 , 205 , 209 , 335 , 338 , 374 , 411 , 415 -416, 424 -425, 428 , 431 -432, 435 -440
Evolutionism, biological, 32
exercise, 147 -169
Ey, Henri, 337 , 390
F
faith healers, 63
Fallopius, Gabriel (1523-1562), Italian surgeon and anatomist, 23
fantasy, 123 , 145 . See also delusion;
mania
fashionable society, 66 -67
Fathom, Ferdinand Count, character in Smollett, 182
Faucett, Robert, 359
fear, 186 -219;
in medical disease, 194 -205
Fell, John, 131
Ferdinand VI, King, 357
Ferguson, Adam, 27
fermentation, 132
Ferriar, John, 69 , 356
Feuchtersleben, Ernst, Freiherr von (1806-1849), author of The Principles of Medical Psychology (1845-1847), 72
Fez, Morocco, 409
Fielding, Henry, novelist, 161
Ficino, Marsilo, 8
First Amendment in the American Constitution, 439
Fishponds Asylum, 70
Fizes, Antoine, French physician, 176 -178
flesh, 45 , 170 , 176 , 180
Flood, the Noachian, 405
Florence, Italy, 178 -179, 196
Florentine psychiatry, 358
Fludd, Robert, 245
Flynn, Carol Houlihan, 24 , 35 , 147 -185
Fond, Saint, 302 , 309 , 318 , 323 -324
Fontana, Felice, 253 , 262 , 266 -267, 375
Foot, Philippa, 7 , 10 , 15 -16, 29 , 81 -104
Fordyce, George, 253 , 288
Fordyce, William, 368 -369
Foucauh, Jean Bernanrd Leon, 29 , 34
Foucault, Michel, 47 -48, 71 , 77 , 188 , 235 -239, 263 , 274 , 277 , 290 , 298 -299, 329 , 338 , 387 ;
Birth of the Clinic,338
Fowler, Thomas, 354
Fox, Edward Long, 72
Fox, George, Puritan and Quaker, 66
Fragonard, Jean-Honoré, painter, 161 -162
France, 171 -172, 179 , 189 , 197 , 206 , 210 , 234 , 245 , 247 , 258 , 277 , 297 , 333 , 335 , 342 , 355 , 360 , 362 , 371 ,376, 382 -383, 387 -388, 413 , 423 -424, 435 , 440
Francis, Sir Philip, 343
Frank, Johann Peter (1745-1821), medicolegal philosopher, 268
Frank, Robert G., 23 , 107 -146
Franklin, Benjamin, 257 -258, 344
Frederick, Adolphus, 373
Frederick the Great, 297 ,359
French, the, 76 , 177 , 193 , 216 , 246 , 248 -249, 250 , 297 -299, 306 , 310 , 318 , 321 , 328 , 335 , 337 -338, 341 , 343 , 347 , 350 , 356 , 359 , 369 , 377 , 381 -384, 387 -390, 414 , 423 -424, 429 -435, 437 , 441
French Prophets, the, 66
French Revolution, the 74 , 346 , 355 , 413 , 429
frenzy, 121 , 139 , 141 . See also delirium; mania
Frere, John Hookham, 246
Freud, Sigmund, 12 , 40 , 43 , 76 , 152 , 364 , 387 ;
Freudianism, 45
Fuller, Francis, 148 , 157 , 160 , 162 -163, 181
Fuseli, Henry, 198
G
Galen, 24 , 112 , 115 , 157 , 191 , 195 , 203 , 206 , 210 , 296 , 341
Galenism, 341
Galilei, Galileo, 25
Gall, Richard, 332
Gassendi, Pierre, 118 -119
Gastaldy, Dr., of Avignon, 355
Gates, Henry Lewis, 420
Gaub, Hironymus David, 186 -187, 190 , 205 , 208 -210, 215 , 218 -220, 229
Gaub, Jerome (Gaubius), anatomist at University of Leiden, 49 , 162 , 184 ;
De regaimine meritis,162
Gauchet, Marcel, 387
Gautier, Théophile, 79 -80
Gay, Peter, 25 , 36
Geneva, Switzerland, 355
genius, 280
Geological Society, London, 396 -397
George III, King, 68 , 70 , 253 , 286 , 357 , 373 , 386
Georgian Age, 64 , 73
Georgian culture, 54
Georgian physicians, 57
German culture and ideas, 72 , 206 , 210 , 268 , 334 -335, 337 -338, 347 , 356 , 359 -363, 375 , 381 -383, 385 , 389 -390, 416 , 428 , 438 -439
Germany, 190 , 205 -206, 210 , 334 , 339 , 360 , 364 , 383
ghosts, 202 -220;
and nightmares, 203 -205;
and pregnancy, 203 ;
and Bentham's thought, 276 -277
Gillis, John, R., xix
Gillray, James, 286
"Gin Age," the, 76
Girondin party, the, 249
glass delusion, 203 ;
and hysteria, 202 -203;
and ghosts, 203
Glisson, Francis, 375
Gnostics, the, 7 , 52
Goa, 415
God, 52 , 65 , 88 -92, 157 , 189 , 202 , 207 , 211 -212, 221 , 233 , 242 , 270 , 278 , 280 , 282 , 306 -309, 315 -316, 412 , 425 , 431
Goddard, James, Jamaican medical student in Leiden, 216 -218, 229
Godwin, William, 275 , 286 ;
Enquiry con cerning Political Justice (1793), 275
Goebbels, Joseph, 437
Goldsmith, Oliver, writer, 161
Göttingen, University of, 360 , 371 , 373 , 390
Gouldner, Alvin, 6
Gould, Steven Jay, 419
governments, 270 , 275
Goya, Francisco Jose de, 36 , 64
Grafenberg, Schenck yon, 224
Graham, James, quack physician, 75 ;
Lecture on Generation,75
Grainger, Edward, 288
Grand Division, based on the races of mankind, 409
Gray, Thomas, poet, 73
Greatrakes, Valentine, quack doctor, 63 , 245
Greding, Johann Ernst, 359 , 363 , 376 , 378
Greece, 436
Greeks, the, 20 , 157 , 340 , 347 -348, 441
Green, Anne, 126
Grégoire, Henri, 432 -435, 441
Gregory, James, 367
Grew, Nehemiah, 63
grief, 192 -210
Guislain, Joseph, 165 -169, 230
Gulliver, Lemuel, 51
H
Haarlem, Holland, 229
Hadfield, James, 373
Haen, Anton de, physician, 202
Halevi, Solomon, 409
Halhad, Nathaniel Brassey, 438
Halle, Germany, 190 , 205 -206, 228 , 360 , 366 , 371 , 381 , 421
Hailer, Albrecht yon, Swiss physiologist, 25 , 219 , 228 , 305 , 342 , 375
Halloran, William, 67
hallucinations, 195
Ham, biblical figure, 405
Hammond, Henry, 130
Harlequin, 182
Harley Street, London, 375
Harlowe, Clarissa. See Clarissa
Harper, Andrew, 67 , 356
Harris, James, xvii
Hartley, David, physician and philosopher, 238 , 248 , 256 -257, 259 , 264 , 272 , 275 ,279, 281 -285, 331 , 343 , 368 -369
Hartley, Marsden, 29 , 32 -33, 37
Hartlib, Samuel, 115
Harvard University, 424
Harvey, William, physician, 332
Haslam, John, 68 , 354 , 356
Hay, Douglas, 277
Hayward, Oliver, 51
Hazlitt, William, 234
"Health minister," in Bentham's Constitutional Code,268
Heaven, 50 , 278
Hebrews, 406 , 424 , 436 -438
hedonism, 83 , 84 -85, 88 , 95 , 97
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 333 , 352
Hegelianism, 10
Heinroth, Johann Christian, German nerve doctor, 338 , 382 , 390
Held, Johann Theobald, Czech physician, 356
Hell, 278
Hellenic world, 436
Helmont, Jan Baptism van, 342
Helvétius, Madame, 26 -27, 344 , 371
Herder, Johann Gottfried yon, 26 , 27 , 429 , 438 , 442
Hertzberg, Arthur, 434
Herzl, Theodor, 439
Hilary Term in Oxford University, 120
Hill, Christopher, 111
Hill, Fanny, character in Cieland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure,183 -184
Hill, John, M.D., physician called "The Inspector," 202 , 227
Hill, Susannah, 185
Hippocrates, 57 , 112 , 157 , 195 , 198 , 216 , 304 , 340 , 353
history, cultural, medical and philosophical, 3 -43;
"Divine History," 429
Hitler, Adolf, 437
Hobbes, Thomas, 21 , 33 , 83 , 96 , 216 , 436
Hoffbauer, Johann Christoph, professor of law and philosophy at Halle, 381 -382, 390
Hoffmann, Friedrich, physician, 190 , 205 , 219 , 380
Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry, Baron d', 26 , 32 , 297 , 314 , 434 -437;
Systeme de la nature,32
Holborn, London, 371
Holland, 297 , 429 , 434 -435. See also the Dutch
Holocaust, the, 413
Holy Communion, 211
Homer, 6 , 49 , 423
Hooghelande, Cornelis, Cartesian doctor, 117 -118
Hooke, Robert, 127 , 140
Hooper, George, 121
Hooykaas, Reijer, 22
Horkheimer, Max, xviii , 324
Hotel-Dieu, in Paris, 298 , 350 , 371
Hufeland, Christoph Wilhelm, 363
Huguenots, 431
human diversity, 405
humanists of the Renaissance, 25
Humboldt, Friedrich H. Alexander yon (1769-1859), 441 ;
the Humboldt brothers, 441
Hume, David, 7 , 16 , 26 , 39 , 81 -82, 93 -104, 191 , 222 , 369 , 416 -421, 427 ;
as empiricist, 81 -82, 416 -417;
as moral thinker, 93 -104;
and John Locke, 100 -104;
and racism, 416 -421;
theory of knowledge, 416 -418;
and slavery, 417 ;
on Negroes, 418 -420;
on human skulls, 420 -421;
and early Enlightenment anthropology, 420 -421;
Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals,94 , 96 ;
Treatise of Human Nature,81 , 96 , 100
Humoralism, medical, 57
Hunter, Dr. John, anatomist, 75
Hunter, Dr. William, surgeon, 164
Hutcheson, Francis, 93 , 97
Huygens, Constantijn, 197
hygiene, in Bentham's civic philosophy, 268
hypochondria, 55 -56, 62 , 72 -73, 108 , 123 , 141 , 194 -195, 197 -205, 209 -210, 215 , 217 , 227 ;
and enthusiasm, 197 ;
and the spectatorial world, 198 -200;
and nightmares, 198 -201;
and the incubus, 198 -200;
and hysteria, 198 -225, and the nerve doctors, 202 -203;
and American life, 222 . See also hysteria;
melancholy
hysteria, 55 -56, 72 , 108 , 121 , 123 , 134 , 141 , 145 , 149 , 189 , 194 , 198 -205, 209 , 215 , 224 , 227 , 229 ;
and sensation, 197 -198;
and hypochondria, 198 -225;
and nightmares, 198 -203;
and pregnancy, 198 -201;
and Sydenham, 198 . See also hypochondria;
neurology
I
Iberia, 424
Idealism, 10 , 32 , 37 , 45 , 79 , 319 ;
German Idealism, 79 ;
Romantic Idealism, 319 ;
and sex, 319 -320
Ideler, Karl Wilhelm, nerve doctor, 338
Idéologucs, 38 , 297 , 339 -343
Ideology, 145 , 338 -339, 343 , 442 ;
and Willisian anatomy, 145 ;
and Germany, 338 -339;
racial ideologies of the Enlightenment, 442
Ignatieff, Michael, 277
Illumination, 239 , 247 , 249 , 252 ;
and Enlightenment version, 239 -240
Illuminatism, 249
imagination, 73 , 135 -136, 138 , 144 , 152 , 156 , 160 , 170 , 215 , 228 , 241 , 277 , 297 , 314 , 318 -321, 324 , 369 , 376 , 378 ;
and anatomy, 135 -136;
in Bentham's thought, 276 -277;
and libertinism, 314 -318;
and sex, 318 -321
immaterialism, dogmas of, 279 -280, 282 -283
Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 373
incubus, 198 -200;
and hypochondria, 197 -200;
and hysteria, 198 -199
India, 437
Indians, 182 , 415 , 417 , 436 , 438 , 441
influenza, 112
Ingenhousz, Jan, 253 , 262 , 266
Inquisition, Spanish and Portuguese, 406 , 411
insanity, 54 , 60 , 63 -64, 67 , 203 , 346 , 352 -353, 355 , 377 , 383 , 386 . See also dementia;
imagination
instinct, 135 -136
intention, 11 ;
in relation to modern philosophy, 11
Irish, the, 67
Isaiah, 308
Israel, 439
Israel, Menasseh ben, 425 , 431
Italians, 215 , 358 -359, 383 , 410 , 419
Italy, 150 , 217
J
Jacobin cause, 252 ;
pamphlets and periodical literature, 286
Jamaica, 216 , 416 , 421
Jardin du roi, 371
Jefferson, Thomas, 420 -421, 441
Jerusalem, 425
Jesuits, 283 , 409
Jesus, 287 , 409 , 412
Jewish beliefs, 341 , 406 -412, 424
Jews, 287 , 405 -413, 423 -441
Jewson, Nicholas, 61
Johnson, Samuel, 40 , 64 , 73 , 297 ;
Rasselas, 28
Joly, Abraham, 355
Jones, William, 438
Joseph II, 360
Josephus, Flavius, 425
Judaeus, Philo, 425
Judaism, 20 , 28 , 409 , 429 , 432 -441
Juliette, character in Sade's novel Julitte,300 -304, 310 , 316 -319, 324
Justi, Johann H. G. yon, 268
Justine, in Sade, 307 -309, 311 , 315 -316, 324 -325, 328
K
Kant, Immanuel, 11 , 30 -31, 33 , 324 , 337 , 360 -361, 363 , 428 ;
and a theory of mind and body, 11 -12;
and Richard Rorty, 11 ;
and Enlightenment credos, 30 -31, 324 ;
Anthropologie (1798), 361 ;
Königsberger gelehrte und politische Zeitung,360 ;
"Versuch fiber die Krank-heiten des Kopfes" (1764), 360
Keats, John, 32 , 73
Kent, England, 357 , 367
Kepler, Johannes, 121
Kew Gardens, 398
Kiel, University of, 210
King, Edmund, 136
King, Lord, 89 ;
on Locke, 89 -90
Klossowski, Pierre, 309
Kolle, K., on nerve doctors, 337
Konig, Henricus, 207
Kotzwara, Franz, 185
Kronstadt, Germany, 255
L
Lahotan, Baron de, 415
Lairesse, Gerard de, 193
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre, 27
La Mettrie, Julien Offray de, 26 , 32 -33;
L'homme machine,32
Langermann, Johann Gottfried, 338 , 390
Laplace, Pierre Simon de, 244 ;
Systèm du monde,244
Laslett, P., 50
Last Judgement, 52
Latin texts, 122 , 177 , 325 , 347 , 359 , 376 , 421 , 438
Laud, William, 120
Laura, G. Lanteri, 338
Lavater, Johann Kaspar, 77 , 428
Lawrence, Christopher, 267 , 322
Laynez, Diego, 409
Lazarus, 287
Lear, King, 293
Le Cat, Claude-Nicolas, physician, 152 , 414 -415, 423 ;
and the physiology of matter, 152 ;
and Negroes, 414 -415;
and racism, 423
Leeds, England, 238 , 255 , 257 -258
leghorn, 182
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 8 , 212 ;
theory of harmony of body and soul, 212 -213
Leicester, 357
Leiden, Holland, 126 , 186 , 190 , 205 -206, 208 -209, 211 -212, 216 , 218 -219, 229 , 299 , 342 , 366 , 369 ;
Leiden University, 186 -219
Lemnius, Lieven, 196
Leningrad Archives, 374
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 28
Lenoir, Timothy, 362
Léonard, Jacques, 239
Leopoldo, Grand Duke Pietro, 358
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 26 , 363 , 428 -429
Lettsom, John Coakley, 76
Leucippus, 21
Leuret, Francois, 349
Levant, the, 424
Lewis, Matthew, 320
Leyden, W. yon, 91
l'Hospital, Michel de, French Chancellor, 424
Limborch, Philip van, 429
Lincoln's Inn, 253
Lindsey, Theophilus, 246 , 255 -257, 287
Linnaeus, Karl, 353 , 364 , 416
Lismahago, character in Smollett, 182
Literature and Science, developing discipline, 3 -42, 247
Literary criticism, Victorian, 12
Locke, John, 7 , 9 -10, 13 , 16 , 26 -29, 32 -33, 68 , 73 , 81 -104, 122 , 142 , 191 , 216 , 222 , 279 -280, 283 , 331 , 339 , 357 , 368 , 375 , 429 ;
and Hume, 100 -106;
and Wittgenstein, 101 -102;
his philosophy in Holland, 216 ;
Essay concerning Human Understanding,83 -91, 142
London, 110 , 112 -113, 115 -116, 119 , 122 , 124 , 127 , 136 , 238 , 246 , 253 , 257 -258, 275 , 342 , 361 , 366 -271, 375 , 441
London Coffee House, home of the "Honest Whigs," 257
Londres, Crickton de, 371
Longitude Board, the, 261
Lopes, Antoinette, 424
Los Angeles, 414
Louisa, character in Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure,183 -184
Lovejoy, Elijah Parish, 49
Lower, Richard, 121 -122, 124 -129, 136 , 138 -140, 145
Lucretius, 21
lunacy, 188 , 357 -358. See also dementia;
insanity;
mania
Lunar Society, Birmingham, 252
Luther, Martin, 22
Luyendijk-Elshout, Antonie, 34 -35, 186 -230.
Lycee des Arts, 340
Llydall, John, 119
Lyons, France, 175
M
McManners, John, 242
McNeil, Maureen, 246
Machiavelli, Niccolo, 21
machines, and mental pathology, 273 -283
Maclntyre, Alasdair, 12
MacKenzie, James, 151 -152
Magendie, Francois, 141
Maimonides, Moses, 425
Maimon, Salomon, 363
Malby, Sir Nicholas, 77
Malebranche, Nicolas, 8
Mailing Place, Kent, 357
Mandeville, Bernard, physician and author, 152 , 157 , 162 ;
and Cheyne, 150 -153;
on melancholy and disease, 152 -157;
and exercise, 156 -157
Manetta, Filippo, 419 , 421 -423
Mania, 121 , 123 , 141 , 335 . See also dementia;
insanity;
lunacy
Manicheans, 7
Maria, a character in Sterne's Sentimental Journey,174 -175
Maria, Pablo de Santa, 409
Marranos, the, Jews of Iberia, 408 -410. See also Christianity: New Christians;
Old Christians
Marxism, 47
Marx, Karl, 12 , 28 , 47
Mary, mother of Jesus, 409
Maseres, Francis, 255
Masonic orders, 239
Masters, John, 136
masturbation, 75
materialism, 21 -22, 29 , 47 , 74 , 239 , 242 , 244 , 248 , 256 , 279 , 281 , 284 -287, 311 ;
medical materialism, 74 ;
and Hartley, 283 -287;
and Priesdey, 284 -286. See also mechanism
matter theory, 54 , 57 , 79 , 125 , 145 , 240 , 246 , 280 -281, 284 , 293 , 317 , 361
Mayr, Otto, 13
measles, 112
mechanism, 14 -16, 22 -23, 281 -283, 310 - 311. See also materialism
Meckel, Philip Friedrich Theodor, 360
medical meteorology, 261 , 263 , 266
medical psychology, 334 , 338 , 342
Medici, Catherine de, 121 , 424
Medulla oblongata, 134
melancholia, 120 -129, 153 , 158 , 164 , 171 , 335 . See also melancholy
melancholy, 57 , 62 , 66 , 121 , 141 , 149 , 153 , 157 -158, 181 , 195 , 198 ;
religious melancholy, 63
memory, 121 , 135 -136, 144 , 146 , 369 , 376 , 378 ;
and the cerebral cortex, 135 ;
and anatomy, 135 -136;
and instinct, 136
Mendelssohn, Felix, 439
Mendelssohn, Moses, 363 , 424 -429, 434 , 438 -440
Menocchio, the Friulian miller, in E. Le Roy Ladurie, Montaillou (1979), 21
mental alienation, 336
mental pathology, 270
Mersenne, Marin, 118
Merton Street, Oxford, 119
Mesmer, Friedrich Anton, 63 , 76 , 245
mesmerism, 76
Messiah, the, 429
Methodists, 341
Mettrie, Julien Offraye de La, 218 , 297 , 310 , 312 , 331 ;
and materialism, 310 -311
Metz, France, 432
Michaelmas Term, Oxford, 120
Michell, John, 257 -258, 284
Middle Ages, the, 20 , 297 , 428
Middle East, the, 437
Middlesex, 256
Milan, 266
Mill, James Stuart, 288 -289
Miller, Friulian, 21 , 27
Millington, Thomas, 126 -127
Milton, John, 27
Mind, 55 , 57 , 63 , 71 , 74 , 78 -80, 82 , 99 , 182 , 190 -191, 208 , 221 , 228 -229, 238 , 240 , 246 , 249 , 253 , 274 -276, 279 , 283 , 289 . 303 , 315 , 326 , 333 -334, 343 , 360 -361, 371 . 377 -379, 387 , 405 . 432 , 438 ;
Transcendent Mind. 22 ;
sovereignty of mind. 42 ;
Georgian mind, 57 , 71 ;
defects of mind, 63 ;
and Nature. 78 -79;
and the nervous system. 108 -109;
and disease. 187 -225;
and philosophical materialism. 238 -240;
and pneumatics, 263 -266;
and psychiatry. 342 -344. See also anatomy;
body;
brain;
philosophy
mind/body problem, 19 -21, 45 , 47 -48, 108 , 123 , 187 , 189 , 207 , 225 , 233 , 238 , 240 , 256 , 263 -264, 274 , 285 , 291 , 310 , 316 , 342 -343, 346 ;
natural history of mind-body relation, 3 -42;
historiography of mind-body relation, 4 -6;
in medical education, 229
Minski, giant in Sade's Juliette,305
Mirabeau, Victor Riquetti, Marquis de, 260 , 344
Misomedon, in Mandeville, 153
Mitchell, John, 415
Modena, Leon de, 425
"Moderns," of psychiatry in the Enlightenment, 341
Mohammed, 352
Molière, Jean Baptiste, 62
Molyneux, William, 91
monism, philosophies of, 10 -11, 23 , 26 , 36 , 44 -45, 49 , 51 , 54 , 283 , 305
monogenesis, 423 ;
and racism, 420 -424
Monosque, Provence, 354
Monro, Alexander, physician, 367
Montagu, Lady Mary Wordey, 54
Montaigne, Michel de, 424
Montesquieu, Charles, 26 -27, 431
Montgolfier's balloon experiment, 189
Montpellier, France, 171 , 176 , 178 , 312 , 344 -345;
University of, 176 , 209 ;
and vitalist physiology, 312 ;
Pinel at, 344 -345
Moore, G. E., 10 , 97
Moore, John, 63
morality, 82 , 89 -94, 96 -97, 102 -104, 207 , 234 -235, 247 , 250 , 260 , 262 , 264 , 266 , 270 , 278 , 284 , 304 -306, 318 , 343 , 432 ;
in Hume's philosophy, 96 -98;
and ethics, 102 -104;
Enlightenment, 233 -235;
Romantic, 234
moral management, 70 -71, 358
moral therapy, 69 , 71 , 347 , 386
morals, science of, 270 -275
More, Henry, 197
Morgagni, Giovanni Battista, 205
Moritz, Karl Philipp, 363
Morris, David, 31 , 291 -330
Morton, Samuel, 417 -419, 421 -423
Moscow, 186
Moses, 432 , 436
Moslems, 406 ;
and Jews after the Inquisition, 406
motion, 132 ;
in physiology, 131 -134;
muscular motion, 133
movement, bodily, 132 , 136
music, as medical and psychological therapy, 216 -219
N
Nagel, Thomas, 16
Namur, and Uncle Toby, 46
Napoleon, 432
narcotics, 121
Nassy, David de Cohen, 440
National Assembly, Paris, 346
National Convention, France, 273
National Institute in France, 340
nationalism, 439
natural history of disease, 363 , 389
Natural History Society, France, 340
natural philosophy. See philosophy
Nature, 77 -79, 108 , 292 , 305 , 319 , 353 , 357 , 360 , 362 , 437 ;
and mind-body issues, 3 -42
Negroes, 405 , 414 -419;
and racism, 423 -437
Nelthorpe, Mary, 50
Neoplatonism, 7 -8
nerve doctors (Nervenärzte ), 40 , 61 , 76 , 147 -151, 212 , 338 -340
nerves, 121 , 132 -134, 142 , 144 , 148 , 170 -171, 209 , 228 , 294 -297, 313 , 316 , 321 -322, 327 , 330 , 332 , 335
nervous system, 47 , 56 , 110 , 123 , 132 -133, 137 , 141 , 143 , 146 , 202 , 208 -209, 225 , 324
Netherlands, the, 188 , 190
neuroanatomy, 110 , 129 , 143
neurology, 55
neurophysiology, 110 , 129 , 143
neurosis, 72 , 195 -205. See also William Cullen
New Light worshippers, 22
New Philosophy, the, 77
Newton, Isaac, 25 -26, 91 , 215 , 225 , 244 -245, 250 , 280 -282;
Locke and Newton, 91 ;
General Scholium to the Opticks (1704), 244 ;
and Priestley's philosophy, 280 -282
Newtonian theory, 39 -40, 55 , 280 -281
Nicaragua, 262
Nicole, Pierre, 309 -310
Nicoison, Marjorie Hope, 26
nightmares, 121 , 198 -200
Nihilism, 31
Noah, 405
Noircevil, in Sade, 309 -310, 312
nomenclature, 272
non-naturals, the, 158
Northampton, 279
North's Tory administration, 253
Nostradamus, Michel de, 424
Nuova, Santa Maria, 358
nutrition, 121
O
Obadiah, in Tristram Shandy,45 -46, 175
observation, 340 , 346
Oldenburg, Henry, 142
Osuna, Spain, 357
Oxford, 107 , 109 , 115 -116, 119 -127, 129 , 131 , 136 , 140 -142, 144 -145, 253 , 260 -261, 264
Oxford, Bishop of, 113
Oxonians, 122
P
Pacific Ocean, 291
pain, 82 -88, 96 -97, 160 , 163 , 183 -184, 192 , 214 , 226 , 291 -297, 301 -330, 333 , 346 , 375 , 385
Paine, Thomas, 39
Pandora's box, 62
Panopticon, Bentham's, 234 -239, 252 , 262 -263, 273 -274, 277 , 289
Paracelsians and their principles, 116 ;
and mind-body relation, 116 -117;
and Aristotelians, 116
Paracehus, 245
paralysis, 121 , 139 , 141
Pargeter, William, 69 , 356
Paris, 209 , 245 , 258 , 297 -299, 335 -336, 338 , 342 -345, 348 -349, 351 , 366 , 371 , 390 ;
Faculty of the University, 298 ;
Academy of Medicine, 371 ;
Treaty of Paris, 441
Parker, Samuel, 141
Parliamentary Committee, 70
particle theory, 116 -117
Pascal, Blaise, 27
Passions, the, 94 -95, 99 , 143 , 191 -192, 206 , 216 -217, 225 -226, 228 -229, 238 , 247 , 250 , 299 , 306 , 334 , 339 , 361 , 366 , 368 , 378 -379, 382 -383, 387 -390;
passions in disease, 186 -229;
passions of the mind, 189 -206
pathology, 270
Peacock, Thomas Love, 79
Pechlin, J. N., 210 , 380
Pemberton, Henry, 280
Pemberton, Thomas, 219 , 222 -225, 230
Penelope, 314
Pepys, Samuel, 48
Perfect, William, physician, 356
Peripatetic forms and Aristotle, 114
Peruvians, 186 , 210
Petrarch, Francesco, 51
Petty, Sir William, 119 , 126
Peyrére, Isaac La, 410 , 424
Philadelphia, 417 , 440
Philopiro, character in Mandeville, 153
philosophical psychology, 81 -82
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,334
philosophy, in relation to mind-body: mechanical, 59 , 251 ;
natural, 107 , 118 , 120 , 124 , 141 , 145 , 238 , 240 , 242 , 244 , 246 -247, 249 -250, 256 -260, 263 , 270 , 274 -275, 279 ;
poetical, 107 -108, 145 ;
scholastic, 144 -145;
moral, 152 , 218 , 235 , 238 , 337 , 423 ;
materialist, 238 , 240 , 258 , 279 , 284 -285, 287 , 331
phrensy, 121
physiognomy, 77
Picardy, France, 180
Pico, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, platonist, 8
Pierot and Harlequin, 182
Pietism, 190 , 205 -206;
piety in disease, 189 -194
Pindar, Peter, 423
Pinel, Philippe, French physician and psychiatrist, 298 , 333 -369, 375 -384, 387 -395;
Dictionnaire des Science médicales,393 , 400 ;
Traité, 333, 340 , 347 ,350, 353 -354, 356 , 358 -359, 366 , 369 , 383 , 388 -389
Pinto, Isaac de, Jewish Enlightenment philosopher, 425 -428, 435
Piquer, Dr. Andrès, Spanish physician and psychiatrist, 357 -358;
and Valencia, 357 ;
and Ferdinand VI's depression, 357
Pitt, William, 261
Plague, 112
Platter (Platterus), Dr. Felix, sixteenth-century physician, 380
Plato, 5 -8, 10 , 13 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 85 , 294 , 423 , 429
Platonists, 16 , 21
Plautus, 218
pleasure, 82 -88, 96 -97, 183 -184, 192 , 304 -305, 313 , 317 -319, 326 -327, 375
Pliny, 203
Pluchon, Pierre, 434
pneumatics, 245 , 253 , 255 -265, 267 -269, 272 , 279 , 284 , 336 . See also Bentham;
Priestley
pneumatology, 270
polygenesis, 410 , 419 , 421 -423
Polynesia, 405
Pope, Alexander, 296
Popkin, Richard, H., 7 , 28 , 405 -442
porridge and disease, 210 -214
Porter, Roy, 41 , 45 -80, 245
Portugal, 406 , 424
Portuguese, the, 406 , 415 , 425 , 435
positivism, 13
Postel, J., 338
postmortems, in relation to anatomy of mind and body, 125 , 128 , 134 , 138 -139, 141 , 145 , 288 , 333
Pouthion, Father R. P., 354
pragmatism, 11
Prague, 356
pre-Adamites, 410 -411, 414 , 438
precipitating events, 340 -341, 351
Price, Richard, 92 , 238 , 243 , 246 -247, 249 , 255 -258, 266 , 281 , 283 -284
Priestley, Joseph, 32 , 37 , 79 , 238 -246, 248 -250, 252 -270, 272 -287, 368 ;
and Hartley, 238 , 248 , 259 -264, 272 -275;
and Erasmus Darwin, 244 -246;
and Blake, 245 ;
and Beddoes, 246 -247;
and Burke, 247 -249;
and politics, 250 -252;
and Bentham, 252 -290;
and pneu-matology, 263 -290;
pneumatics, 267 -269;
Experiments and Observations on Air,267
Princeton, 423
Principle of Evil, 247
Pringle, John, physician, 257 -258, 267 -268, 360
Prophets, French, 66
Protestants, 441
Protestantism, 65 , 190
Provence, 354
Prudence, 98 , 100
Prussia, 429
Psyche, xviii , 54 , 214 ;
and disease, 214
psychiatry, 76 , 80 ;
rise of, 331 -389;
and Enlightenment thought, 331 -335;
and the clinic, 333 -375;
and medical ideology, 339 -342;
and Romanticism, 339 , 361 -364;
and the contribution of Pinel, 344 -389;
and medical psychology, 354 -363;
and anthropology, 360 -363;
and contribution of Alexander Crichton, 360 -375;
in Germany, 362 -374;
and Crichton's Inquiry,367 -382;
and Russia, 373 -374;
and Escluirol, 384 -389;
and German medical Romanticism, 390
psychological treatment, 347 , 352
psychosomatic elements, 49 , 245
psychosomatic medicine, 349
Purcell, John, physician, 56 -57
Puritans, 51
Pussin, Jean Baptiste, 346 , 386
Pythagoras, 217
Pythagoreanism, 22
Pythagorean sects, 174
Q
Quakers, 70 , 341 , 385
Queen Anne, 63
Quixote, in Cervantes, 409
R
Rabelaisian metaphor, 175
Racine, Jean, 27
racism, of color, 405 , 414 -417, 423 ;
and the Jews, 405 -440;
scientific, 411 , 414 , 418 -419, 421 ;
irremedial, 421 ;
in the Enlightenment, 423 , 429 , 434 , 437 ;
secular, 423 , 437 , 439 -442;
spiritual, 425 , 430 -437;
linguistic, 437 -439
Radcliffe, John, Dr., 63
Ramazini, Bernhard, 156 , 159 , 171
Random, Roderick (character in Smollett), 179 -180
Rather, L. J., 49 , 229
rationalism, 88 ;
post-Cartesian, 10
Reason, the faculty of, 91 , 98 -101, 143 , 317 , 324 , 369 , 376 , 435
Reformation, the, 243
Regius, Henricus (1598-1679), natural philosopher and anatomist, 118
Reid, Thomas, 243 , 283 , 368 -369
Reil, Johann Christian, German physician and anthropologist, 338 , 362 , 382 , 385 , 389 -390;
"Lebenskraft," 362
religion, 309
religious melancholy, 63
remedialism, 423
Renaissance, the, 7 -8, 23 , 25 , 50 , 52 , 63 , 110 , 341 , 410 , 424 ;
Renaissance humanists, 25
Restoration, the English, 112 -113, 120
Revolution, the Industrial, 78 , 230 , 387 ;
the Scientific, 78
Revolutionary Health School, 344
Ricci, Paulus, 424
Richardson, Samuel, novelist and printer, 143 , 147 -148, 150 , 183
Right Reason, 73
Rive, Charles Gaspard de la, 71 , 355
Robinson, John, 244 , 247 -252, 255 ;
Proofs of a Conspiracy against all the Religions and Governments of Europe (1798), 244 -245
Robinson, Nicholas, Newtonian physician, 55 , 57 , 65 , 68 , 150 , 156 , 160 -161, 163 , 172 , 181
Rochelle, Academie de la, 189
Rodin, Auguste, 306 , 308
Roland, the brigand chief in Sade, 325
Roman past, the, 359
Romanticism, 12 , 42 -43, 79 , 149 , 226 , 390
Romantics, the, 15 , 33 , 41 , 73 , 319 , 329 , 339 , 364
Rome, 22 , 340 , 424 , 436
Romilly, Samuel, 238 , 260
Rorty, Richard, philosopher and commentator on mind-body, 10 -12;
and Cartesian dualism, 11 ;
and Kant, 11 ;
Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1980), 11 -12
Rotheram, Caleb, 282
Rouen, France, 414
Rousseau, G. S., 3 -44, 55 , 142 -143, 322 , 414 ;
on nerves and brain, 322
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 26 , 226 , 297 , 358
Royal College of Physicians, London, 367 , 371
Royalist cause, and Dr. Thomas Willis, 111 , 120
Royal Society, the, in London, 119 , 122 , 128 , 249 , 257 , 267 , 344 , 346 , 432
Roy, Henrik de, 117
Rufus of Ephesus, 196
Russia, 187 , 234 , 255 , 262 , 374 ;
Empress Catherine, 254 -255
Russians, the, 212 , 214 , 338 , 367 , 373 , 441
Ryle, Gilbert, philosopher of mind, xviii
S
St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo, 20 , 51 , 130 , 198 , 308
St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 69
St. Edmund, 287
St. Jerome, 130
St. Lukes Hospital, 357
St. Martin, 113
St. Paul, 289
St. Peter, 317
St. Petersburg, Russia, 255 , 373
St. Prix, 346
Sade, Marquis de, 31 , 183 , 291 -330;
Delbène, Juliette's instructor, 310 , 316 ;
Philosophy in the Bedroom,291 , 306 , 320 ;
120 Days of Sodom,300 , 319
Sadean philosophy and aesthetics, 300 -305, 307 -308, 313 -314, 316 -317, 319 -330
Saint-Fond, libertine statesman in Sade, 309
Salpêtrière, hospital in Paris, 333 , 340 , 346 , 348 , 350 -351, 384 , 386
Sanches, Antonio, 186 -187
Sanctorius, Santorio (1561-1636), medical philosopher and aphorist, 211
Sanskrit writings, 437 -438
Sarthe, J. L. Moreau de la, 339
Satan, 65 -66
Sauvages, Boissier de, 353
Savile, George, 257
Savile, Sir Henry, 121
Savoyards, the, 358
Saxony, Lower, 421
Scarry, Elaine, 324
Schaffer, Simon, 22 , 37 , 233 -290
Scheele, Karl Wilhelm, 267 , 272
Schelling, Friedrich Wilheim Joseph yon, Romantic philosopher, 362 , 389 ;
Naturphilosophie,339 , 362 , 389
Schimmelpenninck, Mary Anne, 78
Schlegel, Dorothea, 424 , 438
Scholasticism, 7 , 22 , 25 , 114 , 145 , 311
Schrenk, Martin, 382
Schwartz, Leon, 435
Schwediauer, F. X., 253 , 255 , 262
sciences of man, 270 , 331 -368, 406 -426
scientists, 22
Scientific Revolution, the, 53
Scotland, 210 , 238 , 258 , 278
Scots, 182
Scottish ideas and culture, 182 , 243 , 259 , 283 , 322 , 334 , 336 -337, 368 -369, 381 , 389 , 416
Scripture, 244 -245, 405 , 410
scurvy, 139 , 141
Searle, John, philosopher, 15 , 317
Sedleian Lectures at Oxford, 107 , 121 -122, 134 , 139
Seine Department, France, 344
self interest and selfhood, 82 , 276 , 375
Semites, 431
Semitic attitudes, 424 , 428 , 431 , 435 , 438
Semitism, anti-, 405 , 413 , 423 , 432 -435, 439 -440
Seneca, 218
sensation, 121 , 138 , 323 , 331 , 357 , 375 ;
knowledge about sensations, 43 , 270
sensibility, 40 -43, 147 -181, 291 -324;
and Cheyne, 40 ;
and disease, 40 -41;
and imagination, 40 -41;
and mind-body dualism, 41 -42
sentimentalism, 40 -43, 147 -181, 291 -324;
and illness, 40 ;
and imagination, 40 -41;
Hume and the sentimentalists, 93
sexual dementia, 303
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 93
Shakespeare, William, 51 , 293
Shandeism, 164
Shandy, Tristram, figure in Sterne, 13 , 40 , 46 -47, 52 -53, 164 , 173 -175
Shandy, Walter, 170
Sharrock, Robert, 142
Shelburne, Earl of, 238 -239, 249 , 251 , 253 -261, 265 -266, 284
Sheldon, Gilbert, 113 -114, 131
Sherrington, Sir Charles, xviii
Shylock, 423
Simon, Richard, 410
Skinner, B. F., 293
skulls, 126 , 353 , 361 , 387 , 417 -419
Slaughter's Club, 253
sleep, 121
Slop, Dr., character in Tristram Shandy, 45, 175
smallpox, 66 , 112
"Smelfungus," said of Dr. Smollett, 151
Smith, Adam, 262 , 369
Smith, Southwood, 269 -270, 288
Smith, Stanhope, 423
Smith, Sydney, 80
Smollett, Tobias, 160 , 164 , 176 -183, 185 ;
Ferdinand Count Fathom : 150 -151, 182 , 186 ;
Humphry Clinker : xvii, 180 -181;
Peregrine Pickle : 64 ;
Roderick Random : 35
Smyth, James Carmichael, 159 , 162
Socinianism, 275
Socrates, 101 , 287 -288, 427
Somatopsychic medicine, 49 . See also Gaub;
psychosomatic medicine
Sonnenfels, Joseph yon, 268
Sophie, Queen, 429
Soranus, 340
soul, 52 , 59 , 66 , 107 -108, 120 , 129 -132, 141 , 145 -146, 173 -174, 213 , 233 , 235 , 238 , 240 , 246 , 258 , 272 , 276 -277, 279 , 308 , 310 -313, 322 , 377 ;
animal soul, 130 -131, 138 , 146 ;
corporeal soul, 130 -131, 138 , 146 ;
rational soul, 130 -132, 137 , 146 ;
sensitive soul, 130 -133;
vital soul, 131
Southcott, Joanna, 246
South Seas, 254
Spain, 406 , 424 , 429
Spaniards, 357 , 425
Spanish, 383 , 406 , 435
Spinoza, Baruch, 21 , 410 , 429 -431, 436 , 440
spirits (of different types), 117 , 133 , 138 , 144 , 148 , 151 , 163 , 172 , 240 -242, 244 , 262 , 277 , 279 , 282 -284, 298 -299
spirits, animal, 132 -135, 157 -158, 170 , 176 , 183 -184, 215 , 316 , 330
spleen, 61 -62, 65 , 123 , 139 , 149 -153, 156 , 159 , 170 -171. See also melancholy
Sprat, Thomas, 24
springs of action, 270
Spurzheim, Johann Gaspar (1776-1832), 332 ;
The anatomy of the brain, with a general view of the nervous system, 332
Staël, Madame de, 335
Stahl, Georg Ernst, 190 , 205 -207, 342
Stanhope, Charles, 251
Starobinski, Jean, 195
Stendhal (Beyle, Henri Marie), 333
Sterne, Laurence: Aunt Dinah, 175 ;
Sentimental Journey,150 , 170 , 174 ;
Tristram Shandy : 28 , 35 , 46 , 150 -151, 160 , 164 -176, 179 , 183 , 185 . See also entries under major figures
Steward, Dugald, 278
Stewart, Dugald, Scottish Common-Sense philosopher, 368 -369
stoics, 324
stoicism, 7 -8, 52 , 217
Stoll, Maximilian, 360
Stoppard, Tom, xix
Strasbourg, 349
Stuart Age, 64 , 72
Stubbe, Henry, 128
Stuttgart, Germany, 360 , 366 , 371
Surinam, 440
Swain, Gladys, 387
Sweden, 152
Swedenborg, Emmanuel, 234
Swedish attitudes, 253 , 437
Swieten, Gerard van, 199 , 205 , 219 , 360 , 380
Swift, Jonathan, 36 -37, 51
Swiss, the, 195 , 198 , 428
Sydenham, Thomas, Dr., 55 , 157 , 198 -199;
and hysteria, 198
T
Tabitha Bramble, character in Smollett, 180
Tacitus, 218
Tansey, E. M., early biographer of Alexander Crichton, 373
Tartars, 416
tea and disease, 210 -214
Terence, 218
Teresa, Santa, 409
Testament: Old, 432 ;
New, 432
theology, 309
Thouret, Michel Augustin, 344
Tissot, Samuel, Dr., Swiss physician and author, 41 , 75 , 203 , 209 -210, 223 , 226
Toby, Shandy, trials: 171 , 173 , 175
Toland, John, 431
Toleration Act, 256
Tomlins Readership, Oxford, 125
Tory Party, 256 , 280
Toulouse, 344 -345, 429
Tower of Babel, 405
Trim, figure in Tristram Shandy,174 -175
Trinity College, Cambridge, 119
Trotter, Thomas, Dr., 42 , 76
Tuke family, 70 , 72
Tuke, Samuel, 383
Tuke, William, 385
Tulpius, Dr. Nicolaas Tulp (1593-1674), author of Observationes medicae (1672), 380
Turing, Alan, mathematician, 15
Tuscany, 266
Twelfth Night,203
Tylor, E. B., 79
typhoid fever, 112
Typhus, 112
U
Ukraine, 434
unitarianism, 245
United States, 439 -441
Unzer, John Augustus, 363
utilitarianism, 259 , 272 , 287
Utilitarians, 247
utility, Benthamite principle of, 270
V
Valencia, 357
Valéry, Paul, xviii
vapors, 56 -57, 61 -62, 197 , 215 , 335 . See also hypochondria
Varnhagen, Rahel, 425
vascular plexus, 414
Venette, Nicolas, Dr., 74
Venus-flytrap, 342
vertigo, 121 , 141
Vesalius, Andreas, anatomist, 23
Vico, Giovanni Battista, 27
Victorian attitudes: Age,47 , 80 ;
spiritualism,75
Vienna, 199 -202, 342 , 360 , 366 , 371 , 435
Villiers, F. R. Bidault de (1775-1824), 366 , 388
Virginia, 411
vitalism, 14 , 38 , 362 . See also Hans Driesch
Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet de, 26 , 40 , 297 , 427 , 434 -437;
Candide, 28
"Von der Lebenskraft," and early psychiatry, 362
voyages of discovery, 405
W
Wadham College, Oxford, 115
Wagner, Michael, 383
Wagner, Richard, 439
Wagnitz, Pastor, 362
Walker, Adam, 275
Wallis, John, Dr., 119 , 121 , 126
Walter Shandy, in Tristram Shandy,173 -175
Warburton, Bishop William, 280
War, Civil, England, 113
Ward, John, 125
Ward, Seth, 115 , 121
Washington, George, 421
Weber, Max, 9 , 78
Weickard, Melchior Adam, 359 , 363
Weiner, Dora, 33 , 42 , 331 -402
Wesley, John, 59 , 277
Western attitudes, 49 , 292 , 329 , 354 , 437 , 439
Westminster, London, 127 , 371 -373, 376
Westminster School, 124
Wheatley, Phillis, 421
Whigs, the, 125 , 251 , 257 , 280
White Bear, the, 174
Whitehead, Alfred North, 5 -6, 10
Whyte, L. L., 42
Whytt, Robert, Dr., physician and commentator on nervous physiology, 209 -210, 219
Wiener, Norbert, 15
Wilkes, John, 256
Wilkins, John, 115 , 119 , 121 , 136
will, 84 -86, 101 , 138 , 143 , 276 , 281 . See also memory
Williams, Francis, 421
Willis, Francis, 68 -70, 354 , 386
Willis, Thomas, English physician and anatomist, 24 , 55 -58, 108 -146, 153 , 203 , 332 ;
Cerebri anatome,107 -108, 127 , 129 , 131 , 135 , 139 ;
De anima brutorum,120 -121, 131 , 133 -134, 136 , 139 , 144 ;
De fermentatione,118 ;
Diatribae duae medico-philosophical,116 , 125
Wiltshire, 211 , 238 , 255 , 257 -258, 282
Win Jenkins, character in Smollett's Humphry Clinker,180
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 11 , 81 , 101
Wolfenbüttel, 421
Wolff, Christian, 8
Wollaston, William, 93
Wood, Alexander, 368 -369
Wood, Antony, 111 -113, 125 , 127 -128, 146
Wren, Christopher, 126 -127, 129 , 140
Y
Yohon, John, 47 , 54 , 281
Yom Kippur, 406
Yorick, Parson, in Sterne's Tristram Shandy, 46, 151 , 172 , 174 -175
York, Archbishop of, 113
York Retreat, the, 70 , 341 , 356
Yorkshire, 45 , 229 , 241 , 244 , 257
Z
Zimmermann, Johann Georg, 359
Zionists, 439