Selected Bibliography

Books

Abdy, E. S. Journal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America . 3 vols. London: Murray, 1835.

An Account of the Rise and Progress of the [Frankford ] Asylum, Proposed to Be Established near Philadelphia for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason . Philadelphia: Kimber and Conrad, 1814.

Alexander, Franz, and S. Selesnick. The History of Psychiatry: An Evaluation of Psychiatric Thought and Practice from Prehistoric Times to the Present . New York: Harper and Row, 1966.

Allen, Matthew. Cases of Insanity, with Mental, Moral and Philosophical Observations upon Them . London: Swire, 1831.

———. Essay on the Classification of the Insane . London: Taylor, 1837.

American Friends Service Committee. Struggle for Justice . New York: Hill and Wang, 1971.

Arlidge, John T. On the State of Lunacy and the Legal Provision for the Insane . London: Churchill, 1859.

Arnold, Thomas. Observations on the Nature, Kinds, Causes, and Prevention of Insanity . 2d ed., 2 vols. London: Phillips, 1806.

Bakewell, Samuel Glover. An Essay on Insanity . Edinburgh: Neill, 1833.

Bakewell, Thomas. The Domestic Guide in Cases of Insanity . Stafford: For the author, 1805.

———. A Letter to the Chairman of the Select Committee on the State of Madhouses, to Which Is Subjoined Remarks on the Nature, Causes, and Cure of Mental Derangement . Stafford: Chester, 1815.

Bardach, Eugene. The Skill Factor in Politics . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.

Barton, R. Institutional Neurosis . 2d ed. Bristol: Wright, 1965.

Battie, William. A Treatise on Madness . London: Whiston and White, 1758.

Becher, John Thomas. An Address to the Public on the Nature, Design, and Constitu -

tion of the General Lunatic Asylum near Nottingham . Newark, Nottinghamshire: Ridge, 1811.

Becker, Howard S. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance . Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1963.

Belknap, Ivan. Human Problems of a State Mental Hospital . New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.

Bell, Charles. Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting . London: Longman, 1806.

Bellers, J. Proposals for Raising a College of Industry . London: T. Sowle, 1696.

Bellot, H. H. University College London, 1826–1926 . London: University of London Press, 1929.

Bingham, Nathaniel. Observations on the Religious Delusions of Insane Persons . . . with Which Are Combined a Copious Practical Description . . . of Mental Disease, and of Its Appropriate Medical and Moral Treatment . London: Hatchard, 1841.

Blackmore, Sir Richard. Treatise of the Spleen or Vapours . London: Pemberton, 1724.

Bloomingdale Asylum. Annual Reports . 1818–60.

Bond, Earle D. Dr. Kirkbride and His Mental Hospital . Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1947.

Bowditch, Nathaniel I. A History of the Massachusetts General Hospital . Boston: Privately printed, 1851.

Braginsky, B., D. Braginsky, and K. Ring. Methods of Madness: The Mental Hospital as a Last Resort . New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1969.

Brière de Boismont, Alexandre. On Hallucinations: A History and Explanation . London: Renshaw, 1859.

Briggs, Asa. The Making of Modern England . New York: Harper and Row, 1965.

Brook, Charles W. Battling Surgeon . Glasgow: Strickland, 1945.

Brooks, Alexander D. Law, Psychiatry, and the Mental Health System . Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.

Brougham, Henry. The Life and Times of Henry Brougham by Himself . London: Blackwood, 1871.

Brown, G. W., M. Bone, B. Dalison, and J. K. Wing. Schizophrenia and Social Care . London: Oxford University Press, 1966.

Browne, William Alexander Francis. What Asylums Were, Are, and Ought to Be . Edinburgh: Black, 1837.

———. The Moral Treatment of the Insane: A Lecture . London: Adlard, 1864.

Brydall, John. Non Compos Mentis; or, The Law Relating to Natural Fools, Mad Folks, and Lunatick Persons . London: Cleave, 1700.

Bucknill, J. C. The Care of the Insane and Their Legal Control . London: Macmillan, 1880.

Burgh, J. Political Disquisitions . Vol. 3. London: Dilly, 1775.

Burnett, C. M. Insanity Tested by Science, and Shown to Be a Disease Rarely Connected with Organic Lesion of the Brain, and on That Account Far More Susceptible of Cure than Has Hitherto Been Supposed . London: Highley, 1848.

Burrows, George Man. Cursory Remarks on a Bill Now in the House of Peers for Regulating of Madhouses, . . . with Observations on the Defects of the Present System . London: Harding, 1817.

———. An Inquiry into Certain Errors Relative to Insanity . London: Underwood, 1820.

———. Commentaries on the Causes, Forms, Symptoms, and Treatment, Moral and Medical, of Insanity . London: Underwood, 1828.

Busfield, Joan. Managing Madness: Changing Ideas and Practice . Wolfeboro, N.H.: Longwood Publishing Group, 1986.

Bynum, W. F., Roy Porter, and Michael Shepherd, eds. The Anatomy of Madness: Essays in the History of Psychiatry . 2 vols. London: Tavistock, 1985.

Carroll, Lewis. Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There . New York: Peter Pauper Press, 1941.

Castel, Françoise, Robert Castel, and Anne Lovell. The Psychiatric Society . New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.

Castel, Robert. L'Ordre psychiatrique: L'Âge d'or d'aliénisme . Paris: Minuit, 1976. English trans.: The Regulation of Madness: Origins of Incarceration in France . Berkeley: University of California Press; Oxford: Polity Press, 1988.

Chadwick, Edwin. Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain . London: Clowes, 1842.

Chesler, Phyllis. Women and Madness . Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1972.

Cheyne, George. The English Malady: or, A Treatise of Nervous Diseases of All Kinds . London: Wisk, Ewing and Smith, 1733.

Clare, Anthony. Psychiatry in Dissent . 2d ed. London: Tavistock, 1980.

Clark, Sir James. A Memoir of John Conolly, M.D., D.C.L. London: Murray, 1869.

Clarkson, L.A. The Pre-Industrial Economy in England, 1500–1750 . London: Batsford, 1971.

Combe, Andrew. Observations on Mental Derangement: Being an Application of the Principles of Phrenology to the Elucidation of the Causes, Symptoms, Nature, and Treatment of Insanity . Edinburgh: Anderson, 1831.

Commissioners in Lunacy. Further Report Relative to the Haydock Lodge Lunatic Asylum . London: Spottiswoode and Shaw, 1847.

Connecticut Assembly. Report of the Committee for Locating a Site for a Hospital for the Insane Poor . New Haven: Babcock and Wildman, 1840.

Connecticut State Medical Society. Report of a Committee . . . Respecting an Asylum for the Insane, with the Constitution of a Society for Their Relief . Hartford: Bowles and Frances, 1821.

Conolly, John. An Introductory Lecture Delivered in the University of London, October 2, 1828 . London: Taylor, 1828.

———. An Inquiry Concerning the Indications of Insanity, with Suggestions for the Better Protection and Care of the Insane . London: Taylor, 1830. Facsimile ed., ed. Richard A. Hunter and Ida Macalpine. London: Dawsons, 1964.

———. The Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane . London: Churchill, 1847.

———. A Letter to Benjamin Rotch, Esquire, Chairman of the Committee of Visitors, on the Plan and Government of the Additional Lunatic Asylum . . . About to Be Erected at Colney Hatch . London: Churchill, 1847.

———. The Treatment of the Insane Without Mechanical Restraints . London: Smith, Elder, 1856.

———. A Study of Hamlet . London: Moxon, 1863.

Cooper, David. The Grammar of Living . Hardmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.

Coulter, Jeff. Approaches to Insanity . Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1973.

Cox, Joseph Mason. Practical Observations on Insanity: In Which Some Suggestions Are Offered Towards an Improved Mode of Treating Diseases of the Mind . . . to

Which are Subjoined, Remarks on Medical Jurisprudence as Connected with Diseased Intellect . London: Baldwin and Murray, 1806.

———. Practical Observations on Insanity . 3d ed. London: Baldwin and Underwood, 1813.

Creer, C. and J. K. Wing. Schizophrenia at Home . London: Institute of Psychiatry, 1974.

Crichton-Browne, Sir James. Victorian Jottings . London: Etchells and MacDonald, 1926.

Cruden, Alexander. The London Citizen Exceedingly Injured; or, A British Inquisition Displayed . London: Cooper and Dodd, 1739.

———. The Adventures of Alexander the Corrector, with an Account of the Chalsea Academies, of the Private Places of Such as Are Supposed to Be Deprived of the Use of Their Reason . London: For the author, 1754.

Cullen, William. First Lines in the Practice of Psychic . Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute, 1784.

Cumming, Elaine, and John Cumming. Closed Ranks: An Experiment in Mental Health Education . Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.

Dain, Norman. Concepts of Insanity in the United States, 1789–1865 . New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1964.

———. Disordered Minds . Williamsburg, VA: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1971.

Darwin, Erasmus. Zoonomia, or, The Laws of Organic Life . 2 vols. London: Johnson, 1796.

Davis, A., S. Dinitz, and B. Pasamanick. Schizophrenics in the New Custodial Community: Five Years After the Experiment . Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1974.

Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution . Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975.

Defoe, Daniel. Augusta Triumphans . London: Roberts, 1728.

De la Rive, G. Lettre adressée aux rédacteurs de la Bibliothèque britannique sur un nouvel établissement pour la guérison des aliénés . Geneva: For the Author, 1798.

Deporte, Michael V. Nightmares and Hobbyhorses: Swift, Sterne, and Augustan Ideas of Madness . San Marino, CA: Huntington Library, 1974.

Deutsch, Albert. The Shame of the States . New York: Arno, 1973.

Dickens, Charles. American Notes . London: Penguin, 1972.

———. Charles Dickens' Uncollected Writings from Household Words, ed. Harry Stone. Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1968.

Digby, Anne. Madness, Morality, and Medicine: A Study of the York Retreat, 1796–1914 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Disraeli, Benjamin. Sybil; or, The Two Nations . London: Davies, 1927.

Dix, Dorothea. Memorial Soliciting a State Hospital for . . . Pennsylvania . Harrisburg: Lescure, 1845.

———. Memorial Soliciting an Appropriation for the State [of Kentucky ]. Lexington: Hodges, 1846.

———. Memorial to the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Illinois . Springfield: State Printer, 1847.

———. Memorial Soliciting a State Hospital for . . . Alabama . Montgomery: Office of the Advertizer, 1849.

———. Memorial Soliciting Adequate Appropriations for the Construction of a State Hospital for the Insane in the State of Mississippi . Jackson: Fall and Marshall, 1850.

Dobb, M. Studies in the Development of Capitalism . New York: International Publishers, 1963.

Doerner, Klaus. Madmen and the Bourgeoisie . Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1981.

Donzelot, Jacques. The Policing of Families . New York: Pantheon, 1980.

Dunham, H., and K. Weinberg. The Culture of the State Mental Hospital . Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1960.

Dwyer, Ellen. Homes for the Mad: Life Inside Two Nineteenth-Century Asylums . New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

Eaton, Leonard K. New England Hospitals, 1790–1833 . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1957.

Eddy, Thomas. Hints for Introducing an Improved Mode of Treating the Insane in Asylums . New York: Samuel Wood, 1815.

Edinburgh Royal Lunatic Asylum. A Short Account of the Rise, Progress, and Present State of the Lunatic Asylum at Edinburgh . Edinburgh: Neill, 1812.

Ellis, William Charles. A Letter to Thomas Thompson, Esq., M.P., Containing Considerations on the Necessity of Proper Places Being Provided by the Legislature for the Reception of All Insane Persons and on Some of the Abuses Which Have Been Found to Exist in Madhouses, with a Plan to Remedy Them . Hull: Topping and Dawson, 1815.

———. A Treatise on the Nature, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment of Insanity, with Practical Observations on Lunatic Asylums, and a Description of the Pauper Lunatic Asylum for the County of Middlesex at Hanwell, with a Detailed Account of Its Management . London: Holdsworth, 1838.

Ennis, Bruce. Prisoners of Psychiatry . New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1972.

Erikson, Kai. Wayward Puritans . New York: Wiley, 1966.

Evans, Charles. An Account of the Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of Their Reason near Frankford, Pennsylvania . Philadelphia: Rakestraw, 1846.

Evans, Robin. The Fabrication of Virtue: English Prison Architecture, 1750–1842 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Falconer, William. A Dissertation on the Influence of the Passions upon Disorders of the Body . London: Dill, 1788.

Fallowes, Thomas. The Best Method for the Cure of Lunaticks, with Some Account of the Incomparable Oleum Cephalicum Used in the Same, Prepared and Administered by Tho. Fallowes, at His House in Lambeth-Marsh . London: For the Author, 1705.

Faulkner, Benjamin. Observations on the General and Improper Treatment of Insanity . London: Reynell, 1789.

Ferriar, John. Medical Histories and Reflections . Vol. 2. London: Cadell and Davies, 1795.

Fletcher, R. Sketches from the Casebook to Illustrate the Influence of the Mind on the Body, with the Treatment of Some of the More Important Brain and Nervous Disturbances . London: Longman, 1833.

Forster, Thomas. Observations on the Phenomena of Insanity . London: Underwood, 1817.

Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason . New York: Pantheon, 1965.

———. The Order of Things: An Archeology of the Human Sciences . New York: Pantheon, 1970.

———. The Archeology of Knowledge . New York: Pantheon, 1972.

———. Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique . New ed. Paris: Gallimard, 1972.

———. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison . New York: Pantheon; London: Allen Lane, 1977.

———. The History of Sexuality . Vol. 1: An Introduction . New York: Pantheon, 1978.

———. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977 . London: Harvester, 1980.

Fox, E. L. Brislington House, an Asylum for Lunatics Situated near Briston, Lately Erected by Edward Long Fox, M.D. Bristol: For the Author, 1806.

Fox, Richard. So Far Disordered in Mind . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

Freidson, Eliot. Professional Dominance: The Social Structure of Medical Care . New York: Atherton, 1970.

———. Profession of Medicine: A Study in the Sociology of Applied Knowledge . New York: Dodd, Mead, 1970.

Friends' Asylum. Account of the Present State of the Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason . Philadelphia: Brown, 1816.

———. Annual Reports . 1818–60.

———. Rules for the Management of the Asylum, Adopted by the Board of Managers, First Month 20th, 1840 . Philadelphia: Rakestraw, 1840.

Gay, Peter. The Enlightenment: An Interpretation . Vol. 2: The Science of Freedom . New York: Knopf, 1969.

Gaylin, Willard, et al. Partial Justice . New York: Knopf, 1974.

———. Doing Good: The Limits of Benevolence . New York: Pantheon, 1978.

Gilman, Sander, ed. The Face of Madness: Hugh W. Diamond and the Origins of Psychiatric Photography . New York: Brunner-Mazel, 1976.

Goffman, Erving. Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates . Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1961.

Goldstein, Jan. Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Gough, Ian. The Political Economy of the Welfare State . London: Macmillan, 1979.

Granville, J. Mortimer. The Care and Cure of the Insane . 2 vols. London: Hardwicke and Bogue, 1877.

Gregory, John. A Comparative View of the State and Faculties of Man with Those of the Animal World . London: Dodsley, 1765.

Grob, Gerald. The State and the Mentally Ill: A History of Worcester State Hospital . Chapel Hill: Univerity of North Carolina Press, 1966.

———. Mental Institutions in America: Social Policy to 1875 . New York: Free Press, 1973.

———. Mental Illness and American Society, 1875–1940 . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Guislain, J. Traité sur l'aliénation mentale et sur les hospices des aliénés . Amsterdam: Hey, 1826.

Gusfield, Joseph. Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement . 2d ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986.

Hall, Basil. Travels in North America in the Years 1827 and 1828 . 2d ed. Edinburgh: Cadell, 1830.

Hallaran, William Saunders. An Inquiry into the Canses Producing the Extraordinary Addition to the Number of Insane . Cork, Ireland: Edwards and Savage, 1810.

———. Practical Observations on the Causes and Cure of Insanity . Cork, Ireland: Hodges and M'Arthur, 1818.

Halliday, Andrew. A General View of the Present State of Lunatics and Lunatic Asylums in Great Britain and Ireland, and in Some Other Kingdoms . London: Underwood, 1828.

Hallywell, Henry. Melampronea; or A Discourse of the Polity and Kingdom of Darkness . London: Printed for Walter Kettilby, 1681.

Harper, Andrew. A Treatise on the Real Cause and Cure of Insanity . London: Stalker, 1789.

Haslam, John. Observations on Madness and Melancholy, 2d ed. London: Callow, 1809.

———. Medical Jurisprudence as It Relates to Insanity, According to the Law of England . London: Hunter, 1817.

Hexter, J. H. Reappraisals in History . 2d ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.

Higgins, Godfrey. The Evidence Taken Before a Committee of the House of Commons Respecting the Asylum at York; with Observations and Notes, and a Letter to the Committee . Doncaster, Sheardown, 1816.

Hill, George Nesse. An Essay on the Prevention and Cure of Insanity . London: Longman, et al., 1814.

Hill, Robert Gardner. A Lecture on the Management of Lunatic Asylums and the Treatment of the Insane . London: Simpkin Marshall, 1839.

———. A Concise History of the Entire Abolition of Mechanical Restraint in the Treatment of the Insane . London: Longman, et al., 1857.

———. Lunacy: Its Past and Present . London: Longman, Green, et al., 1870.

Hobsbawm, Eric J. Industry and Empire . Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969.

Hobsbawm, Eric J., and George Rude. Captain Swing: A Social History of the Great English Agricultural Uprising of 1830 . Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969; New York: Norton, 1975.

House of Commons. Report of the Select Committee on Criminal and Pauper Lunatics . London, 1807.

———. Reports of the Select Committee on Madhouses . London, 1815–16.

———. Report of the Select Committee on the Care and Treatment of Lunatics . London, 1859–60.

———. Report of the Select Committee on the Operation of the Lunacy Law . London, 1877.

House of Lords. Minutes of Evidence Taken Before the Select Committee of the House of Lords on the Bills Relating to Lunatics and Lunatic Asylums . London, 1828.

Howard, J. The State of the Prisons . Warrington: Egres, 1778.

Hunter, Richard, and Ida Macalpine. Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry, 1535 to 1860: A History Presented in Selected English Texts . London: Oxford University Press, 1963.

Hurd, Henry. The Institutional Care of the Insane in the United States and Canada . 4 vols. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1916–17.

Hynes, Charles. Proprietary Homes for Adults: Their Administration, Management, Control, Operation, Supervision, Funding, and Quality . New York: Deputy Attorney General's Office, 1977.

Ignatieff, Michael. A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750–1850 . New York: Pantheon, 1978.

Irish, David. Levamen Infirmi, or, Cordial Counsel to the Sick and Diseased . London: For the Author, 1700.

Jacobi, Maximilian. On the Construction and Mauagement of Hospitals for the Insane . London: Churchill, 1841.

Jacobs, James. Stateville: The Penitentiary in Mass Society . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.

Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. Action for Mental Health . New York: Basic Books, 1961.

Jones, Kathleen. Lunacy, Law and Conscience, 1744–1845: The Social History of the Care of the Insane . London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1955.

———. Mental Health and Social Policy, 1845–1955 . London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960.

King, Anthony D., ed. Buildings and Society: Essays on the Social Development of the Built Environment . London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980.

Kittrie, Nicholas A. The Right to Be Different: Deviance and Enforced Therapy . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972.

Knight, Paul Slade. Observations on the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Derangement of the Mind . London: Longman, 1827.

Lamb, Richard. Treating the Long-Term Mentally Ill: Beyond Deinstitutionalization . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1982.

Leifer, Ronald. In the Name of Mental Health: Social Functions of Psychiatry . New York: Aronson, 1969.

Leigh, Dennis. The Historical Development of British Psychiatry . London: Pergamon Press, 1961.

Lerman, Paul. Community Treatment and Social Control . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975.

———. Deinstitutionalization and the Welfare State . New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1982.

A Letter to the Shareholders and Council of the University of London on the Present State of That Institution . London: Taylor, 1830.

Light, Donald. Becoming Psychiatrists . New York: Norton, 1980.

Little, Nina F. Early Years of the McLean Hospital . Boston: Countway Library of Medicine, 1972.

Locke, John. Educational Writings . London: Cambridge University Press, 1968.

Loudon, Irvine. Medical Care and the General Practitioner; 1750–1850 . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

Lovejoy, A. O. The Great Chain of Being . New York: Harper, 1960.

Lukes, Steven. Power: A Radical View . London: Macmillan, 1974.

———. Essays in Social Theory . New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.

Lyell, Katherine M., ed. Memoir of Leonard Horner, Edited by His Daughter . 2 vols. London: Women's Printing Society, 1890.

Macalpine, Ida, and Richard A. Hunter. George III and the Mad Business . London: Allen Lane, 1969.

MacBride, David. A Methodical Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Physick . London: Strahan, 1772.

MacDonald, Michael. Mystical Bedlam: Madness, Anxiety, and Healing in Seventeenth-Century England . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Macfarlane, Alan. Origins of English Inidividualism . Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1978.

MacGill, Stevenson. On Lunatic Asylums . Glasgow: For the Glasgow Asylum Committee, 1810.

Mackenzie, Henry. The Man of Feeling . London: Cadell, 1771.

Malament, B. C., ed. After the Reformation . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1980.

Malthus, Thomas R. An Essay on the Principle of Population . London: Johnson, 1798.

———. An Essay on the Principle of Population . 6th ed. London: Murray, 1826.

Mantoux, Paul. The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century . London: Jonathan Cape, 1928.

Marcus, Steven. Engels, Manchester, and the Working Class . New York, Vintage, 1974.

Marshall, Dorothy. The English Poor in the Eighteenth Century . London: Routledge, 1926.

Marshall, Helen E. Dorothea Dix: Forgotten Samaritan . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1937.

Marx, Karl. Capital . Vol. 1. New York: International Publishers, 1967.

———. Karl Marx: Selected Writings . Ed. David McLellan. London: Oxford University Press, 1977.

Massachusetts State Board of Charities. Annual Reports . 1867–80.

Maudsley, Henry. The Physiology and Pathology of Mind . London: Macmillan, 1867.

———. The Pathology of Mind . London: Macmillan, 1879.

Mayne, Zachary. Two Dissertations Concerning Sense, and the Imagination, with an Essay on Consciousness (1728). Facsimile ed., ed. René Wellek. New York: Garland, 1976.

Mayo, John, and T. Mayo. Remarks on Insanity . London: Underwood, 1817.

Mayo, Thomas. An Essay on the Relation of the Theory of Morals to Insanity . London: Fellowes, 1834.

———. Medical Testimony and Evidence in Cases of Lunacy . London: Parker, 1854.

McGovern, Constance. Masters of Madness: Social Origins of the American Psychiatric Profession . Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1985.

Mead, Richard. Medical Precepts and Cautions . London: Brindley, 1751.

Meyer, Adolf. The Collected Papers of Adolf Meyer . Ed. Eunice E. Winters. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1952.

Mill, John Stuart. Essays on Politics and Culture . Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1963.

Millingen, J. G. Aphorisms on the Treatment and Management of the Insane, with Considerations on Public and Private Lunatic Asylums, Pointing out the Errors in the Present System . London: Churchill, 1840.

Mitchell, Silas Weir. Wear and Tear; or, Hints for the Overworked . Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1871.

———. Fat and Blood . 3d rev. ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1884.

———. Address Before the American Medico-Psychological Association . Philadelphia,

1894. Reprinted from Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 21 (1894), 413–37.

Mitford, Jessica. Kind and Usual Punishment: The Prison Business . New York, Knopf, 1973.

Monahan, John. The Clinical Prediction of Violent Behavior . Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1981.

Monro, Henry. Remarks on Insanity: Its Nature and Treatment . London: Churchill, 1850.

Monro, John. Remarks on Dr. Battie's Treatise on Madness . London: Clarke, 1758.

Morison, Alexander. Outlines of Lectures on the Nature, Causes, and Treatment of Insanity . Ed. Thomas C. Morison. London: Longman et al., 1825; 4th ed. 1848.

Morris, Norval. The Future of Imprisonment . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

Myers, Charles S. Shellshock in France . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1940.

Neville, William B. On Insanity, Its Nature, Causes, and Cure . London: Longman et al., 1836.

Nicoll, S. W. An Enquiry into the Present State of Visitation in Asylums for the Reception of the Insane . London: Harvey and Darnton, 1828.

Nightingale, Florence. Cassandra . Old Westbury, N.Y.: Feminist Press, 1979.

Nisbet, William. Two Letters' to the Right Honourable George Rose, M.P., on the Reports at Present Before the Honourable House of Commons on the State of Madhouses . London: Cox, 1815.

Nottingham Lunatic Asylum. The Articles of Union Entered into and Agreed upon Between the Justices of the Peace for the County of Nottingham; the Justices of the Peace for . . . the Town of Nottingham; and the Subscribers to a Voluntary Institution; for the Purpose of Providing a General Lunatic Asylum . Newark: Ridge, 1811.

Nye, Robert. Crime, Madness, and Politics in Modern France . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.

O'Donoghue, E.D. The Story of Bethlem Hospital . London: Fisher and Unwin, 1913.

Paget, George E. The Harveian Oration . Cambridge: Deighton, Bell, 1866.

Pargeter, William. Observations on Maniacal Disorders . Reading: For the Author, 1792.

Parkin, John. On the Medical and Moral Treatment of Insanity, Including a Notice on the Establishment for the Treatment of Nervous and Mental Maladies: Manor Cottage, King's Road, Chelsea, Established in 1780 . London: Martin, [1843?].

Parry-Jones, William L. The Trade in Lunacy: A Study of Private Madhouses in England in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries . London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1972.

Parsons, Talcott. The Social System . New York: Free Press, 1951.

Pasamanick, Benjamin, Frank Scarpitti, and Simon Dinitz. Schizophrenics in the Community: An Experimental Study in the Prevention of Hospitalization . New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967.

Pascal, Blaise. Oeuvres Complètes . Paris: Gallimard, 1954.

Pattison, Granville Sharp-, and Nathaniel Chapman. Corresondence Between Mr Granville Sharp-Pattison and Dr Nathaniel Chapman . 3d ed. Philadelphia: Webster, 1821.

Paul, Sir George Onesiphorous. Suggestions on the Subject of Criminal and Pauper Lunatics . Gloucester: For the Author, 1806.

———. Address to the Subscribers to the Gloucester Lunatic Asylum . Gloucester: For the Author, 1810.

———. Observations on the Subject of Lunatic Asylums . Gloucester: Walker, 1812.

Peers, Edgar A. Elizabethan Drama and Its Mad Folk . Cambridge: Heffer, 1914.

Percival, Thomas. Medical Ethics . Manchester: Johnson and Bickerstaff, 1803.

Perfect, W. Select Cases in the Different Species of Insanity, Lunacy or Madness, with the Modes or Practice as Adopted in the Treatment of Each . Rochester: Gillman, 1787.

———. A Remarkable Case of Madness, with the Diet and Medicines Used in the Cure . Rochester: For the Author, 1791.

Perrot, Michelle, ed. L'Impossible prison . Paris: Seuil, 1980.

Peterson, M. J. The Medical Profession in Mid-Victorian London . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

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Unpublished Doctoral Dissertations

Barabee, Paul, "A Study of the Mental Hospital: The Effect of Its Social Structure on Its Functions." Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1951.

Bynum, William. "'Time's Noblest Offspring': The Problem of Man in the British Natural Historical Sciences." Ph.D. diss., University of Cambridge, 1974.

Clark, Michael. "'The Data of Alienism': Evolutionary Neurology, Physiological Psychology, and the Reconstruction of British Psychiatric Theory, c. 1850-c. 1900." D.Phil. diss., Oxford University, 1982.

Dowbiggin, lan. "The Professional, Sociopolitical, and Cultural Dimensions of Psychiatric Theory in France, 1840–1900." Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, 1986.

Evans, Robin, "'A Rational Plan for Softening the Mind': Prison Design, 1750–1842: A Study of the Relationship Between Functional Architecture and Penal Ideology." Ph.D. diss., Essex University, 1974.

Goldstein, Jan Ellen. "French Psychiatry in Social and Political Context: The Formation of a New Profession, 1820–1860." Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1978.

Hervey, Nicholas. "The Lunacy Commission, 1845–1860, with Special Reference to the Implementation of Policy in Kent and Surrey." Ph.D. diss., Bristol University, 1987.

MacKenzie, Charlotte. "A History of Ticehurst Asylum." Ph.D. diss., University of London, 1987.

Pitts, John. "The Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, 1844–1892: A Case Study of Specialism in American Medicine." Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1978.

Pressman, Jack David. "Uncertain Promise: Psychosurgery and the Development of Scientific Psychiatry in America, 1935 to 1955." Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1986.

Sicherman, Barbara. "The Quest for Mental Health in America, 1880–1917." Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1967.

Stone, Martin. "The Military and Industrial Roots of Clinical Psychology in Britain, 1900–1945." Ph.D. diss., London School of Economics, 1985.

Tomes, Nancy Jane. "The Persuasive Institution: Thomas Story Kirkbride and the Art of Asylum Keeping, 1841–1883." Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1978.

Articles

Aldrich, C., and E. Mendkoff. "Relocation of the Aged and Disabled: A Mortality Study." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 11 (1963): 105–94.

Arnhoff, F. "Social Consequences of Policy Toward Mental Illness." Science 188 (1975): 1277–81.

Bassuk, E., and S. Gerson. "Deinstitutionalization and Mental Health Services." Scientific American 238 (1978): 46–53.

Beard, George M. "The Influence of Mind in the Causation and Cure of Disease: The Potency of Definite Expectation." Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 4 (1877): 429–34.

Beck, A. T. "The Reliability of Psychiatric Diagnosis: 1. A Critique of Systematic Studies." American Journal of Psychiatry 119 (1962): 210–16.

Blomberg, Thomas. "Diversion and Accelerated Social Control." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 68 (1977): 274–82.

Blustein, Bonnie Ellen. "'A Hollow Square of Psychological Science': American Neurologists and Psychiatrists in Conflict." In Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen, ed. Andrew Scull, 241–70. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.

Borus, J. F. "Deinstitutionalization of the Chronically Mentally Ill." New England Journal of Medicine 305 (1981): 339–42.

Briggs, A. "The Language of 'Class' in Early Nineteenth-Century England." In Essays in Labour History, ed. Asa Briggs and John Saville, 43–73. London: Macmillan, 1960.

Bynum, William F. "Rationales for Therapy in British Psychiatry, 1780–1835." In Madhouses, Mad-doctors, and Madmen, ed. Andrew Scull, 35–57. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.

Bynum, William F., and M. Neve. "Hamlet on the Couch." In The Anatomy of Madness, 2 vols., ed. W. F. Bynum, Roy Porter, and Michael Shepherd, vol. 1, 289–304. London: Tavistock, 1985.

Castel, Robert. "Moral Treatment: Mental Therapy and Social Control in the Nineteenth Century." In Social Control and the State, ed. Stanley Cohen and Andrew Scull, 248–66. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.

Chapman, L. J., and J. P. Chapman. "Illusory Correlations as an Obstacle to the Use of Valid Psycho-Diagnostic Signs." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 74 (1969): 271–80.

Chase, J. "Where Have All the Patients Gone?" Human Behavior (1973): 14–21.

Clark, Michael. "The Rejection of Psychological Approaches to Mental Disorder in Late Nineteenth-Century British Psychiatry." In Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen, ed. Andrew Scull, 271–312. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.

Cohen, Stanley. "The Punitive City: Notes on the Dispersal of Social Control." Contemporary Crises 3 (1979): 339–63.

Dain, Norman, and Eric T. Carlson. "Milieu Therapy in the Nineteenth Century: Patient Care at the Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Pennsylvania, 1817–1861." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 131 (1960): 284–85.

Digby, Anne. "Moral Treatment at the Retreat, 1796–1846." In The Anatomy of Madness, ed. W. F. Bynum, Roy Porter, and Michael Shepherd, vol. 2, 52–72. London: Tavistock, 1985.

Dohrenwend, Bruce P., and Barbara S. Dohrenwend. "Sex Differences and Psychiatric Disorders." American Journal of Sociology 81 (1976): 1447–54.

Dowbiggin, Ian. "French Psychiatry, Hereditarianism, and Professional Legitimacy, 1840–1900." In Research in Law, Deviance, and Social Control, vol. 7, ed. Andrew Scull and Steven Spitzer, 135–65. Greenwich, CT.: JAI Press, 1985.

———. "Degeneration and Hereditarianism in French Mental Medicine, 1840–1890: Psychiatric Theory as Ideological Adaption." In Anatomy of Madness, ed. W. F. Bynum, Roy Porter, and Michael Shepherd, vol. l: 188–232. London: Tavistock, 1985.

———. "French Psychiatric Attitudes Toward the Dangers Posed by the Insane ca. 1870." In Research in Law, Deviance, and Social Control, vol. 9, ed. Andrew Scull and Steven Spitzer, 87–111. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1988.

Ennis, Bruce, and Eugene Litwack. "Psychiatry and the Presumption of Expertise: Flipping Coins in the Courtroom." California Law Review 62 (1974): 693–753.

Epstein, L. and A. Simon. "Alternatives to State Hospitalization for the Geriatric Mentally Ill." American Journal of Psychiatry 124 (1968): 955–61.

Fessler, A. "The Management of Lunacy in Seventeenth-Century England." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, Historical Section 49 (1956): 901–7.

Fox, Richard. "Beyond 'Social Control': Institutions and Disorder in Bourgeois Society." History of Education Quarterly 16 (1976): 203–7.

Frank, Justin A. "Non-restraint and Robert Gardiner Hill." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 41 (1967): 140–60.

Goldstein, Michael. "The Politics of Thomas Szasz: A Sociological View." Social Problems 27 (1980): 570–83.

Grad de Alcaron, Jacquelyn, and Peter Sainsbury. "Mental Illness and the Family." The Lancet i (March 9, 1963): 544–47.

Grob, Gerald. "Samuel B. Woodward and the Practice of Psychiatry in Early Nineteenth-Century America." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 36 (1962): 420–43.

———. "Welfare and Poverty in American History." Reviews in American History 1 (1973): 43–59.

———. "Rediscovering Asylums: The Unhistorical History of the Mental Hospital." Hastings Center Report 7, no. 4 (1977): 33–41.

Harris, Ruth. "Murder Under Hypnosis: In the Case of Bompard—Psychiatry in the Courtroom in Belle Epoque Paris." In The Anatomy of Madness, ed. W. F. Bynum, Roy Porter, and Michael Shepherd, vol. 2, 197–241. London: Tavistock, 1985.

Hervey, Nicholas. "Advocacy or Folly: The Alleged Lunatics' Friend Society, 1845–63." Medical History 30 (1986): 245–75.

Hunter, Richard A., and Ida Macalpine. "Dickens and Conolly: An Embarrassed Editor's Disclaimer." Times Literary Supplement 11 (August 1961): 534–35.

Ignatieff, Michael. "State, Civil Society and Total Institutions: A Critique of Recent Social Histories of Punishment." In Social Control and the State, ed. Stanley Cohen and Andrew Scull, 75–105. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.

———. "Total Institutions and the Working Classes: A Review Essay." History Workshop Journal 15 (1983): 169–72.

Ingleby, David. "Mental Health and Social Order." In Social Control and the State, ed. Stanley Cohen and Andrew Scull, 141–88. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.

Jacyna, Steven. "Somatic Theories of Mind and the Interests of Medicine in Britain, 1850–1879." Medical History 26 (1982): 233–58.

Jasman, K. "Individualized Versus Mass Transfer of Nonpsychotic Geriatric Patients from the Mental Hospital to the Nursing Home." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 15 (1969): 280–84.

Johnson, Richard. "Educational Policy and Social Control in Early Victorian England." Past and Present 49 (1970): 96–119.

Jones, Kathleen. "Scull's Dilemma." British Journal of Psychiatry 141 (1982): 221–26.

Kaplan, Leonard V. "State Control of Deviant Behavior: A Critical Essay on Scull's Critique of Community Treatment and Deinstitutionalization." Arizona Law Review 20 (1978): 189–232.

Kirk, S., and M. Thierren. "Community Mental Health Myths and the Fate of Former Hospitalized Patients." Psychiatry 38 (1975): 209–17.

Lamb, H., and V. Goertzel. "Discharged Mental Patients—Are They Really in the Community?" Archives of General Psychiatry 24 (1971): 29–34.

Langsley, Donald. "The Community Mental Health Center: Does It Treat Patients?" Hospital and Community Psychiatry 31 (1980): 815–19.

Lewis, Aubrey. "Henry Maudsley: His Works and Influence." Journal of Mental Science 97 (1951): 259–77.

MacDonald, Michael. "Insanity and the Realities of History in Early Modern England." Psychological Medicine 11 (1981): 11–25.

———. "Religion, Social Change and Psychological Healing in England." In The Church and Healing, ed. W.J. Sheils, 101–26. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1982.

———. "The Secularization of Suicide in England, 1660–1800." Past and Present 3(1986): 50–100.

Markson, E., and J. Cumming. "The Post-Transfer Fate of Relocated Patients." In State Mental Hospitals: What Happens When They Close? ed. Paul P. Ahmed and Stanley C. Plog, 97–110. New York: Plenum, 1976.

Markus, E., M. Blenker, and T. Downs. "The Impact of Relocation upon Mortality Rates of Institutionalized Aged Persons." Journal of Gerontology 26 (197l): 537–41.

Marlowe, R. "When They Close the Doors at Modesto." In State Mental Hospitals: What Happens When They Close? ed. Paul P. Ahmed and Stanley C. Plog, 83–96. New York: Plenum, 1976.

Maudsley, Henry. "The Alleged Increase of Insanity." Journal of Mental Science 23 (1877): 45–54.

———. "Sex in Mind and in Education." Fortnightly Review 15 (1874): 466–83.

McCandless, Peter. "Liberty and Lunacy: The Victorians and Wrongful Confinement." In Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen, ed. Andrew Scull, 339–69. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.

McEwen, Craig. "Continuities in the Study of Total and Non-Total Institutions." Annual Review of Sociology 6 (1980): 143–85.

McKendrick, N. "Josiah Wedgwood and Factory Discipline." Historical Journal 4 (1961): 30–55.

Mesnikoff, A. "Barriers to the Delivery of Mental Health Services: The New York City Experience." Hospital and Community Psychiatry 29 (1978): 373–78.

Messinger, Sheldon. "Confinement in the Community." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 13 (1976): 82–92.

Midelfort, H. C. Erik. "Madness and Civilization in Early Modern Europe: A Reappraisal of Michel Foucault." In After the Reformation, ed. B. C. Malament, 247–65. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1980.

Monahan, John, and David Wexler. "A Definite Maybe: Proof and Probability in Civil Commitment." Law and Human Behavior 2 (1978): 37–42.

Morgan, David. "Explaining Mental Illness." European Journal of Sociology 15 (1975): 262–80.

Morse, Stephen J. "A Preference for Liberty: The Case Against the Involuntary Commitment of the Mentally Disordered." California Law Review 70 (1982): 54–106.

Muraskin, William. "The Social Control Theory in American History: A Critique." Journal of Social History 9 (1976): 559–65.

Murphy, J., and W. Datel. "A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Community Versus Institutional Living." Health and Community Psychiatry 25 (1976): 165–70.

Nathanson, Constance. "Illness and the Feminine Role: A Theoretical Review." Social Science and Medicine 9 (1975): 57–62.

Orlans, H. "An American Death Camp." Politics 5 (1948): 169–68.

Perry, Nicholas. "The Two Cultures and the Total Institution." British Journal of Sociology 25 (1974): 345–55.

Philips, David. ""A Just Measure of Crime, Authority, Hunters and Blue Locusts': The Revisionist History of Crime and the Law in Britain, 1750–1850." In Social Control and the State, ed. Stanley Cohen and Andrew Scull, 50–74. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.

Phillips, Derek. "Rejection: A Possible Consequence of Seeking Help for Mental Disorder." American Sociological Review 28 (1963): 963–73.

Porter, Roy. "Being Mad in Eighteenth-Century England." History Today (December 1981): 42–48.

———. "Shutting People Up." Social Studies of Science 12 (1982): 467–76.

———. "The Rage of Party: A Glorious Revolution in English Psychiatry?" Medical History 97 (1983): 35–50.

Quen, Jacques. "David Rothman's Discovery of the Asylum ." Journal of Psychiatry and the Law 2 (1974): 105–20.

Ray, L. J. "Models of Madness in Victorian Asylum Practice." European Journal of Sociology 22 (1981): 229–64.

Reich, R., and L. Siegal. "Psychiatry Under Siege: The Mentally Ill Shuffle to Oblivion." Psychiatric Annals 3 (1973): 37–55.

Rose, Stephen. "Deciphering Deinstitutionalization: Complexities in Policy and Program Analysis." Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 57 (1979): 429–60.

Rosenberg, Charles. "The Crisis of Psychiatric Legitimacy: Reflections on Psychiatry, Medicine, and Public Policy." In American Psychiatry: Past, Present, and

Future, ed. G. Kriegman et al., 135–48. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1975.

Rothman, David. "Social Control: The Uses and Abuses of the Concept in the History of Incarceration." In Social Control and the State, ed. Stanley Cohen and Andrew Scull, 106–17. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.

Rovner-Pieczenik, Roberta. "Labeling in an Organizational Context: Adjudicating Felonies in an Urban Court." In The Research Experience, ed. M. P. Golden, 447–64. Itasca, IL: Peacock, 1976.

Salomon, A. "Max Weber's Methodology." Social Research 1 (1934): 157.

Scott, Francis. "English Country Asylums." Fortnightly Review 26 (1879): 114–43.

Scott, Robert A. "The Construction of Stigma by Professional Experts." In Deviance and Respectability, ed. J. D. Douglas, 255–290. New York: Basic Books, 1970.

Scull, Andrew. "The Decarceration of the Mentally Ill: A Critical View." Politics and Society 6 (1976): 173–212.

———. "Mad-Doctors and Magistrates: English Psychiatry's Struggle for Professional Autonomy in the Nineteenth Century." European Journal of Sociology 17 (1976): 279–305.

———. "Madness and Segregative Control: The Rise of the Insane Asylum." Social Problems 24 (1977): 338–51.

———. "Community Corrections: Panacea, Progress, or Pretense?" In The Politics of Legal lnformalism, ed. Richard Abel, vol. 1, 99–118. New York: Academic Press, 1981.

———. "Deinstitutionalization and the Rights of the Deviant." Journal of Social Issues 37 (1981): 6–20.

———. "Desperate Remedies: A Gothic Tale of Madness and Modern Medicine." Psychological Medicine 17 (1987): 561–77.

Scull, Andrew, and Diane Favreau. "'A Chance to Cut Is a Chance to Cure': Sexual Surgery for Psychosis in Three Nineteenth-Century Societies." In Research in Law, Deviance, and Social Control, vol. 8, ed. Steven Spitzer and Andrew Scull, 3–39. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1986.

———. "The Clitoridectomy Craze." Social Research 53 (1986): 243–60.

Sedgwick, Peter. "Mental Illness Is Illness." Salmagundi 20 (1972): 196–222.

Sharfstein, Steven. "Will Community Mental Health Survive in the 1980s?" American Journal of Psychiatry 135 (1978): 1363–65.

Sheehan, D. N., and J. Atkinson. "Comparative Cost of State Hospitals and Community Based In-patient Care in Texas." Hospital and Community Psychiatry 25 (1974): 242–44.

Sicherman, Barbara. "The Uses of a Diagnosis: Doctors, Patients, and Neurasthenia." Journal of the History of Medicine and the Allied Sciences 32 (1977): 33–54.

Smith, Roger. "The Boundary Between Insanity and Criminal Responsibility in Nineteenth-Century England." In Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen, ed. Andrew Scull, 363–84. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.

Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, and Charles Rosenberg. "The Female Animal: Medical and Biological Views of Woman and Her Role in Nineteenth-Century America." Journal of American History 60 (1973): 332–56.

Spitzer, R. L., and J. Fleiss. "A Re-analysis of the Reliability of Psychiatric Diagnosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 125 (1974): 341–47.

Spitzer, Steven, and Andrew Scull. "Privatization and State Control: The Case of the Private Police." Social Problems 25 (1977):18–29.

Stone, Martin. "Shellshock and the Psychiatrists." In The Anatomy of Madness, ed. W. F. Bynum, Roy Porter, and Michael Shepherd, vol. 2, 242–71. London: Tavistock, 1985.

Sudnow, David. "Normal Crimes: Sociological Features of the Penal Code in a Public Defender Office." Social Problems 12 (1965): 255–76.

Swan, R. "A Survey of a Boarding Home Program for Former Mental Patients." Hospital and Community Psychiatry 24 (1973): 485–86.

Szasz, Thomas. "Involuntary Psychiatry." University of Cincinnati Law Review 44 (1976): 347–65.

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Tomes, Nancy Jane." A Generous Confidence: Thomas Story Kirkbride's Philosophy of Asylum Construction and Management." In Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen, ed. Andrew Scull, 121–43. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.

Walk, Alexander. "Lincoln and Non-restraint." British Journal of Psychiatry 117 (1970): 481–95.

Wahon, John. "Lunacy and the Industrial Revolution: A Study of Asylum Admissions in Lancashire, 1848–50." Journal of Social History 13 (1979–80): 13–18.

——— "The Treatment of Pauper Lunatics in Victorian England: The Case of Lancaster Asylum, 1816–1870." In Madhouses, Mad-Doctors, and Madmen, ed. Andrew Scull, 166–97. Philadephia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.

———. "Casting Out and Bringing Back in Victorian England: Pauper Lunatics, 1840–1870." In The Anatomy of Madness, 2 vols. ed. W. F. Bynum, Roy Porter, and Michael Shepherd, vol. 2, 132–46. London: Tavistock, 1985.

Warren, Carol. "Electroconvulsive Therapy: 'New' Treatment of the 1980s." In Research in Law, Deviance, and Social Control, vol. 8, ed. Steven Spitzer and Andrew Scull, 41–55. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1986.

Wexler, David B. "Mental Health Law and the Movement Toward Voluntary Treatment." California Law Review 69 (19741:671–92.

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