C
Cabell, D.C., 171 , 172 , 173
Caborca, 3 , 22 , 35 , 69
Cajeme, José María Leyva, 3 , 68 , 217 , 261
Calabazas, 85
California: gold rush, 56 , 80 , 81
outmigration to, 28 , 51 , 80 -81
rail links to, 128 -29
relations with, 79 -80
trade with, 80 -81
Calles, Plutarco Elías, 1 , 162 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 206 , 216 , 252 , 260
Calvo, Vicente, 28 , 31 , 48 , 54
Camacho, Sebastián, 131 -32, 133 , 141
Camín Héctor Aguilar, 59
Camou Adelaida, 159
Camou, Ernesto, 52 , 233
Camou Fermin, 125
Camou, José, 25 , 30 , 33 , 55 , 125 , 150 , 156 , 203 , 204 , 206 , 211 , 214 , 215 , 224 , 235 , 240 , 242 , 254
Camou, Juan P., 24 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 47 , 55 -56, 72 , 108 , 112 , 122 , 130 , 138 , 164 , 178 , 201 , 227 -28
Camou, María, 159
Camou, Pascual, 47
Camou, Rafael, 164
Camou family, 25 , 29 , 40 , 41 , 47 , 62 , 81 , 113 , 121 , 122 , 124 , 136 , 138 -39, 152 , 153 235, 270 n21
Camou Sarralierre, Juan Pierre, 25
campesinos, 69 -70
Campillo, Miguel, 167
Campillo, Santiago, 86 , 122
Camp Moore, 85
Camp Stephen Little, 169 , 170
Cananea (mine), 176 -77
Cananea Consolidated Copper Company, 239 , 240
Cananea Herald (newspaper), 228
Cañes, Guadalupe, 155
caravans, 44 , 80 , 83 , 111 , 113
Carbó, José Guillermo, 14 , 15 , 76 , 113 , 232
Cárdenas, Lázaro, 1
Cárdenas, Ramón, 165
carnival, 32 -33, 160
Carranza, Venustiano, 172
Carrillo, Leopoldo, 101
Caruthers, James, 91
Castigny, General, 66
Catholic Church, 36 -37, 62 , 195 , 208 -9, 219
cattle, 4 , 10 , 12 , 49 , 80 , 154 , 189
ranching, 71 -72, 139
rustling, 71 -72
wild, 52 -53
celebrations, 30 -35, 42 -43, 159 -60, 220
census, Guaymas commercial, 121 -22
La Centinela de Alamos (newspaper), 249
Central America, 10
Cerro Colorado (mine), 83 , 88 , 91 , 177
Cervantes, Miguel, 185
Chavero, Alfredo, 132
Chee, Chang, 227
Chenoweth, W. F., 251
Chihuahua, 4 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 -14, 22 41, 46 , 49
American investment in, 304 n3
and railroads, 130
children, 184
Seri, 61
Yaqui, 57 , 61
Chile, 185
China, Chinese, 11 , 69 , 76 , 133 , 184 , 223 , 224 -29, 237 -38, 240
at Minas Prietas-La Colorada, 188 , 194 , 196 -97, 199
Chinese Empire Reform Association, 227
Chiricahua, 62
Chisem, P. B., 136
Christ, George, 154
Cincinnati and Sonora Mining Company, 62
citizenship, 107 -8
American, 104 -5
dual, 106 , 110
Mexican, 107 -8
rights of servants, 55
Ciudad Juárez, 147
class: elite, 6 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 38 -39, 91 -92, 121 -22, 150 , 168 -69, 202 , 220 -22, 253
interest, 149 -50
manufacturing, 48
middle, 8 , 13 , 150 , 241 , 248 , 250 , 253 , 258 , 260
Clausen, Emilio, 123
clientelism, 14
clothing, 22 -23, 47 , 119 , 156 , 226
Club Filarmonico, 158
Club Politico Bernardo Reyes, 197
clubs, social, 158 , 159 , 202 , 227 , 241
Club Verde of Hermosillo, 241
Coahuila, 9 , 10 , 11 , 49 , 183
Cobo, José, 122
Coindreau, Alphonso, 84
Colegio de Sonora, 203 , 214 , 215 , 216
Colegio Franco-Español, 158
Colima, 11 , 183
Colliers , 174
Combier, Cyprien, 19 , 21 , 26 , 41 -42, 43 , 45 , 54 , 107 -8, 178
Comisión Moralistas of Hermosillo, 252
commerce, at Minas Prietas-La Colorada, 187 -88.
See also agentes viajeros (traveling agents); merchants; trade
Conant, Carlos, 147
conscription, 63 , 231 -32
of Americans, 76
in civil militia, 72 -73, 74 , 75 -76
La Constitución (newspaper), 157 , 212 -13
consuls, in Tucson, 102
consumption, patterns of, 22 -24, 119 , 207 -8, 221 -22
contraband, 42 , 86 -87, 94 , 116 , 118 , 121 , 151
contratos de iguala,39 -40
copper, 8 , 45 , 139 , 145
Corella, G., 69
Corella, Ignacio, 246
Corella family, 38
Corral, Amparo, 201
Corral, Ramón, 14 -15, 61 , 64 , 68 , 155 , 159 , 160 -161, 178 , 182 , 201 , 215 , 227 , 228 , 241 , 242 , 243
on education, 213 -14, 216 -17
flight of, 253 -54
visit to Sonora, 201 -2
El Correo de Sonora (newspaper), 209 , 229
Costa, Francisco, 195
cost of living, in Guaymas, 19
cowboys, 34 , 96 , 103 , 130
Crabbs, Henry, 94
credit, 5 , 43 , 45 , 46 -47, 121 , 124
Crestón Colorada Mining Company, 178 -79, 181 , 182 , 185 , 196
crime, 67 -72, 76 -77.
See also bandits
Cuba, 10
Cubillas, Alberto, 147 , 253
Cubillas, Fernando, 61
culture, 17 -18, 165 -66, 202 , 209 -12, 258
in Ambos Nogales, 157 -58
American, 7
Anglo-American, 104
border, 6 -7
and impact of railroad, 129 -30
indigenous, 7
Mexican, 104
of Sonoran elite, 124
Sonoran rural, 9
Spanish, 17
and work, 96
currency, 157 , 165
copper, 45
fluctuations, 235 -36
silver, 44 -45
supply of American, 216 -17
customshouses, 42 , 83 , 84 -87, 114 -15, 117 -18, 151 , 153 , 154 , 236
attacks on, 169