Primary Sources

Manuscripts

New York City. Almshouse Records. 1830-1870. New York City Municipal Archives and Records Center.

———. "Appraisal Recommendations for New York County Court Records." Norman Goodman, Director. County Clerk's Office, Hall of Records.

———. Bureau of Social Hygiene. Miscellaneous Papers. Rockefeller Foundation Archives Center, Pocantico Hills, North Tarrytown, New York.

———. Court of Chancery Records. 1830-1847. New York County Clerk's Office, Hall of Records.

———. Court of Common Pleas Records. 1830-1870. New York County Clerk's Office, Hall of Records.

———. Court of General Sessions. 1830-1870. New York City Municipal Archives and Records Center.

———. Municipal Manuscripts. Police Docket. 1849-1855. New York City Municipal Archives and Records Center.

———. Police Court Records. 1829-1860. New York City Municipal Archives and Records Center.

———. Record of Assessments. 1829-1860. New York City Municipal Archives and Records Center.

———. Superior Court Records. 1828-1870. New York County Clerk's Office, Hall of Records.

New York State. Census, 1855. New York City Schedules. County Clerk's Office, Hall of Records.

———. Census, 1870. New York City Schedules. County Clerk's Office, Hall of Records.

———. House of Refuge Case Histories. 1829-1860. New York State Library. Albany, New York.

Robert Taylor Diary. 5 February 1846-1 August 1847. New York Public Library.

United States. Census Office. 5th Census, 1830. New York City Schedules. New York Public Library.

———. 6th Census, 1840. New York City Schedules. New York Public Library.

———. 7th Census, 1850. New York City Schedules. New York Public Library.

Published Reports and Documents

American Female Guardian Society. Constitution and Circular of the New York Female Moral Reform Society; With the Addresses Delivered at Its Organization . New York: J. N. Bolles, 1834.

Florence Crittenton League, New York. Annual Reports . 1886-1890.

Inwood House [New York Female Benevolent Society]. Annual Reports . 1834-1862.

Magdalen Society of New York. Annual Reports . 1814, 1815.

———. Constitution and By-Laws of the Magdalen Society of New York . New York: J. Seymour, 1812.

New York City. Board of Aldermen. Police Department Reorganization Committee Report . Doc. 53. New York, 1844.

———. Board of Aldermen. Semi-Annual Reports of the Chief of Police . 1847-1856.

———. Board of Alderman, Board of Assistant Aldermen. Documents . 1840-1870.

———. Committee of Fifteen. The Social Evil: With Special Reference to Conditions Existing in the City of New York . New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1902.

———. Court of General Sessions. White Slave Traffic . Reprint of Presentment of the Grand Jury. New York, 1902.

———. Department of Health. Register of Deaths . 1845-1858.

———. Minutes of the Common Council of the City of New York: 1781-1831 . New York: M. B. Brown Printing & Binding Co., 1917.

New York Female Moral Reform Society. First Annual Report of the Executive Committee of the New York Magdalen Society, Instituted January 1, 1830 . New York, 1831.

New York Magdalen Society. First Annual Report 1830-1831.

New York State. Board of Commissioners of the Metropolitan Police. Annual Reports . New York, 1864-1872.

———. Secretary of State. Census, 1845. Albany.

———. Secretary of State. Census, 1865. Albany.

———. Secretary of State. Census, 1875. Albany.

United States. Office of the President. Economic Report of the President , 1989. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1988.

———. Census Office. 8th Census, 1860.

———. Census Office. 9th Census, 1870.

Washington Square Home for Friendless Girls. Annual Reports . 1866-1875.

Water Street Home for Women. Annual Reports . 1870-1875. New York: Egbert, Bourne and Co.

Newspapers and Journals

Advocate of Moral Reform . 1835-1845.

Daily Tribune (New York). 1841-1845.

McDowall's Journal . 1833-1834.

Morning Courier and Enquirer (New York). 1830-1836.

National Police Gazette . 1845-1849.

New Era and American Courier (New York). 1836-1840.

New York Commercial Advertiser . 1836.

New York Daily Times . 1851-1860.

New York Herald . 1835-1852.

New York Transcript . 1835-1837.

The Subterranean . 1845-1847.

The Sun (New York). 1833-1848.

New York City Directories and Maps

Doggett's New York City Street Directory for 1851 . New York: Doggett, 1851.

Illuminated Pictorial Directory of New York . New York: Jones and Newman, 1848.

Longworth, Thomas. Longworth's City Directory . 1830-.

Perris, William. Maps of the City of New York Surveyed Under Directions of Fire Insurance Companies . New York: William Pettis, 1850-1859.

Rude's Directory . New York: Charles Rude, 1850-1860.

Other Contemporary Printed Sources

Abbot, Edith. Women In Industry: A Study in American Economic History . New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1910.

Account of the Terrific and Fatal Riot at the New York Astor Place Opera House on the Night of May 10, 1849 with the Quarrels of Forrest and Macready, Including All of the Causes Which Led to That Awful Tragedy . New York, 1849.

Acton, William. Prostitution Considered in Its Moral, Social, and Sanitary Aspects in London and Other Large Cities and Garrison Towns, with Proposals for the Control and Prevention of its Attendant Evils . London: John Churchill & Sons, 1857, 1870; reprint, London: Frank Cass & Co., 1972.

An Authentic Biography of the Late Helen Jewett, A Girl of the Town Who Was Murdered on the 10 of April 1836: Together with a Full and Accurate Statement of the Circumstances Connected with the Event by a Gentleman Fully Acquainted with Her Story . New York, 1836.

Andrews, Edmund. Prostitution and Its Sanitary Management . St. Louis, 1871.

Bannard, Moses. Discourse on the Moral Aspects and Destitution of the City of New York . N.p., 1851.

Belden, Ezekiel Porter. New York As It Is . New York, 1849.

Blackwell, Elizabeth. Essays in Medical Sociology . London: Ernest Bell, 1902; reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1972.

Blanc, Marie T. The Condition of Women in the U.S.: A Travellers Notes . Boston, 1895; reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1972.

Bobo, William M. Glimpses of New-York City, by a South Carolinian . Charleston: J. J. McCarter, 1852.

Boyd, William H. Boyd's New York City Tax Book; Being a List of Persons, Corporations, and Co-Partnerships Resident and Non-Resident, Who Were Taxed According to the Assessor's Books, 1856 and 1857 . New York: William H. Boyd Pub., 1857.

Brace, Charles Loring. The Dangerous Classes of New York, and Twenty Years' Work Among Them . New York: Wynkoop & Hallenbeck Pub., 1872.

Buntline, Ned [E. Z. C. Judson]. The Mysteries and Miseries of New York . New York: Berford & Co., 1848.

Burns, William. Life in New York: In Doors and Out of Doors . New York: Bunce and Bros., 1851.

Campbell, Helen. Darkness and Daylight; or, Lights and Shadows of New York Life . Hartford: A. D. Worthington & Co., 1892.

———. Prisoners of Poverty: Women Wage-Workers, Their Trades and Their Lives . Boston: Roberts Bros., 1887.

———. The Problems of the Poor: Women Wage Earners . 1893. New York: Arno Press, 1973.

[Carey, Matthew]. Plea for the Poor, Particularly Females: An Inquiry How Far the Charges Alleged Against Them of Improvidence, Idleness, and Dissipation Are Founded in Truth . Philadelphia, 1836.

Costello, A. E. Our Police Protectors . New York, 1880.

Crapsey, Edward. The Nether Side of New York; or, the Vice, Crime, and Poverty of the Great Metropolis . New York: Sheldon & Co., 1872.

Darling, William. List of Persons, Copartnerships, and Corporations, Who Were Taxed on Seventeen Thousand Five Hundred Dollars and Upwards in the City of New York in the Year 1850 . New York: John F. Whitney Pub., 1851.

Dayton, Abram C. Last Days of Knickerbocker Life in New York . New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1897.

Dickens, Charles. American Notes . 1842; reprint London: J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1970.

Dunlap, William. Diary of William Dunlap: The Memoirs of a Dramatist, Theatrical Manager, Painter, Novelist, and Historian . Edited by Dorothy C. Barck. 3 vols. New York: New-York Historical Society, 1930.

Eastman, H. D. Fast Man's Directory and Lover's Guide to the Ladies of Fashion and Houses of Pleasure in New York and Other Large Cities . New York, 1853.

Edholm, Mary G. Charlton. Traffic In Girls and the Florence Crittenton Missions . Chicago: William Templeton Pub., 1893.

Ellington, George. The Women of New York; or, the Underworld of the Great City . New York: The New York Book Co., 1869; reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1972.

Ender, Butt. Prostitution Exposed; or, a Moral Reform Directory, Laying Bare the Lives, Histories, Residences, Seductions & c. of the Most Celebrated Courtezans and Ladies of Pleasure of the City of New York . New York, 1839.

[Five Points Mission]. The Old Brewery, and the New Mission House at the

Five Points: By Ladies of the Mission . New York: Stringer and Townsend, 1854.

Foster, George G. Celio; or, New York Above-Ground and Under Ground . New York: Robert M. DeWitt, Pub., 1850.

———. Fifteen Minutes Around New York . N.p., 1850.

———. New York by Gas-Light: With Here and There a Streak of Sunshine . New York: Dewitt & Davenport, 1850.

———. New York in Slices by An Experienced Carver: Being the Original Slices Published in the New York Tribune . New York: W. F. Burgess, 1849.

———. New York Naked . New York: R. M. DeWitt, [1850].

Francis, John W. Old New York; Or, Reminiscences of the Past Sixty Years . New York: Charles Roe, 1858.

Free Loveyet [sic ]. Directory to the Seraglios in New York, Philadelphia, Boston and All the Principal Cities in the Union . New York, 1859.

The Gentleman's Directory: The Gentleman's Companion, New York City in 1870 . New York, 1870.

Gerard, James. The Impress of Nationality Upon the City of New York . New York: Columbia Spectator Pub., 1883.

Griesinger, Theodor. Lebende Bilder aus Amerika . Stuttgart, 1858.

Criscore, John. The Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Population of New York . New York: Harper and Bros., 1845.

Gunn, Thomas Butler. The Physiology of New York Boarding Houses . New York: Mason Bros., 1857.

Halliday, Samuel B. The Little Street Sweeper; or, Life Among the Poor . New York: Phinney, Blakeman, and Mason, 1861.

Hatdie, James. The Description of the City of New York . New York: Samuel Marks, 1827.

[Hastings, Thomas Sr.]. Missionary Labors Through a Series of Years Among Fallen Women . New York, 1870.

Headley, Joel T. Great Riots of New York , 1712 to 1873 . New York: E. B. Trent, 1873.

Hone, Philip. The Diary of Philip Hone, 1828-1851 . Edited by Allan Nevins. New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co., 1927.

Howe, William F., and A. H. Hummel. In Danger! or Life in New York: A True History of a Great City's Wiles and Temptations : True Facts and Disclosures . Red Cover Series. New York: J. S. Ogilvie, 1888.

Hutchinson, Woods. "The Economics of Prostitution." American Medico-Surgical Bulletin , August 1895. Reprint.

Income Record: A List Giving the Taxable Income for the Year 1863, of Every Resident of New York . New York: American News Co., 1865.

Ingraham, Joseph Holt. Frank Rivers; or, the Dangers of the Town . New York, 1843.

International Abolitionist Federation. An Address to Members of the American Legislature . N.p., 1877.

Inwood House. Charges Preferred Against the New York Female Benevolent Society, and the Auditing Committee in 1835 . New York, 1835.

Kimball, Nell. Nell Kimball: Her Life as an American Madam, by Herself . Edited by Stephen Longstreet. New York: Macmillan Co., 1970.

Leonard, Ellen. "Three Days Reign of Terror or the July Riots of 1863 in New York." Harper's Magazine , January 1867. Reprint.

Licentiousness: Its Effects, Extent and Causes . Boston: B. Marsh, 1846.

Life and Death of Fanny White, Being a Complete and Interesting History of the Career of that Notorious Lady . New York, 1860.

The Life of Ellen Jewett Illustrative of Her Adventures with Very Important Incidents from Her Seduction to the Period of Her Murder, Together with Various Extracts from Her Journal, Correspondence and Poetical Effects . New York, 1836.

Lippard, George. New York: Its Upper Ten and Lower Million . Cincinnati: E. Mendenhall, 1854.

Madeleine: An Autobiography . Introduction by Judge Ben B. Lindsey. New York: Harper Brothers, 1919.

Martin, Edward Winslow [James D. McCabe]. The Secrets of the Great City: A Work Descriptive of the Virtues and the Vices, the Mysteries, Miseries and Crimes of New York City . Philadelphia: National Pub. Co., 1868.

Martineau, Harriet. Society in America . 2 vols. New York: Saunders and Otley, 1837.

Mathews, Cornelius. Pen and Ink Panorama of New York City . New York: John S. Taylor, 1853.

Mayer, Joseph R. Regulation of Commercial Vice from Segregation to Repression in the United States . N.p., 1922.

McCabe, James D. Lights and Shadows of New York Life; or, the Sights and Sensations of the Great City . Philadelphia: National Pub. Co., 1872.

———. New York by Sunlight and Gaslight . Philadelphia: Hubbard Bros., 1882; reprint, New York: Greenwich House, 1984.

———. Secrets of the Great City: A Work Descriptive of the Virtues and Vices, the Mysteries, Miseries and Crimes of New York City .

Philadelphia: National Pub. Co., 1868.

McDowall, John R. Magdalen Facts . New York, 1832.

[McDowall, Phebe]. Memoir and Select Remains of the Late Rev. John R .

McDowall, the Martyr of the Seventh Commandment, in the Nineteenth Century . New York: Leavitt, Lord & Co., 1838.

Miller, James. Prostitution Considered in Relation to its Causes and Cure . Edinburgh: Sutherland & Knox, 1859.

New York Press. Vices of a Big City, An Expose of Existing Menaces to Church and Home in New York City . New York: J. E. Clark Pub., 1890.

Parent-Duchatelet, Alexandre Jean-Baptiste. De la prostitution dans la ville de Paris . 2nd ed. 2 vols. Paris, 1857.

Penny, Virginia. The Employments of Women: A Cyclopaedia of Woman's Work . Boston: Walker, Wise, & Co., 1863.

Pierce, Bradford K. Half Century with Juvenile Delinquents; or, New York House of Refuge and its Times . N.p., 1869.

Powell, Aaron. State Regulation of Vice: Regulation Efforts in America . New York: M. L. Holbrook, 1878.

Prime, Samuel Irenaeus. Life in New York . New York: Robert Carter, 1847.

Robinson, Richard P. A Letter From Richard P. Robinson as Connected with the Murder of Ellen Jewett, Sent in a Letter to His Friend Thomas Armstrong . New York, 1837.

Robinson, Solon. Hot Corn: Life Scenes in New York Illustrated . New York: DeWitt & Davenport, Pub., 1854.

Ross, Joel H. What I Saw In New York . Auburn, N.Y.: Derby and Miller, 1852.

Sanger, William W. The History of Prostitution —Its Extent, Causes and Effects Throughout the World . New York: Harper and Bros., 1858; reprint, New York: The Medical Publishing Co., 1927.

A Sketch in the Life of Francis P. Robinson, the Alleged Murderer of Helen Jewett, Containing Copious Extracts from his Journal . New York, 1836.

A Sketch of the Life of Miss Ellen Jewett Who Was Murdered in the City of New York on Saturday Evening, April 9, 1836 . Boston, 1836.

Skillman, John B. Skillman's New York Police Reports, 1828-1829 . New York: Ludwig and Tolefree, 1830.

[Smith, Charles]. Madam Restell: An Account of her Life and Horrible Practices, Together with Prostitution in New York, Its Extent, Causes, and Effects Upon Society . New York, 1847.

Smith, Matthew Hale. Sunshine and Shadow in New York . Hartford, Conn.: J. B. Burr, 1868.

Snares of New York; or, Tricks and Traps of the Great Metropolis . New York, 1880.

Strong, George Templeton. The Diary of George Templeton Strong . Edited

by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas. 4 vols. New York: Macmillan & Co., 1952.

Stryker, Peter. Lower Depths of the Great American Metropolis . New York, 1866.

Tait, William. Magdalenism: An Inquiry into the Extent, Causes, and Consequences of Prostitution . Edinburgh, 1840.

Tappan, Lewis. The Life of Arthur Tappan . N.p., 1874.

The Truly Remarkable Life of the Beautiful Helen Jewett Who Was So Mysteriously Murdered . Philadelphia: Barclay & Co., 1880.

W———, George. Sketch of the Life of Miss Ellen Jewett By One Who Knew Her, Who Was Murdered in the City of New York, on Saturday Evening April 9, 1836 . Boston: J. Q. Adams, n.d.

Walling, George W. Recollections of a New York Chief of Police: An Official Record of Thirty-Eight Years as Patrolman, Detective, Captain, Inspector and Chief on the New York Police . New York: Caxton Book Concern, 1887.

Wardlaw, Ralph. Lectures on Magdalenism: Its Nature, Extent, Effects, Guilt, Causes, and Remedy . New York: J. S. Redfield, 1843.

Warren, John H., Jr. Thirty Years' Battle With Crime; or, the Crying Shame of New York, As Seen Under the Broad Glare of an Old Detective's Lantern . Poughkeepsie, N.Y.: A. J. White, 1874.

Whitman, Walt. New York Dissected . Edited by Emery Holloway and Ralph Adimari. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Co., 1936.

Wilkes, George. The Lives of Helen Jewett and Richard P. Robinson . New York, 1849.

———. The Mysteries of the Tombs . New York, 1844.

Wilson, Henry Joseph, and James P. Gladstone. Report of A Visit to the United States as Delegates from the British, Continental and General Federation for the Abolition of Government Regulation of Prostitution . Sheffield, England: Leader and Sons, 1876.

Wood, George W. The Growth of New York . New York, 1865.