Bolshevik Festivals, 1917–1920 "d0e17516"

Index

A

Adaptation. See Instsenirovka

Administrator of festivals, 89 , 93 -94, 108 , 111 , 185 , 193

and futurists, 96 -100, 188

Admiralty (Petrograd), 74 , 95 , 96 , 106 , 196

Admiralty Square (Petrograd), 105 , 106

Adult Education Department. See under Narkompros

Aeschylus, 26 , 125

Aesthetics. See Socialist aesthetics

Agit-Prop, 195

Agit-trial, 110 , 172 , 181 . See also Dramatic play; Game playing

Aleksandrinsky Theater (Petrograd), 25

Aleksandrovsky Garden (Moscow), 95

Alekseev, Ivan and Olga, 96 , 100

Alekseev-Iakovlev, Aleksei, 16 , 70 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 172 , 173

Song of the Merchant Kalashnikov , 107

Aleksei, Crown Prince, 128

Alexander Column (Petrograd), 96 , 203

Alexander I, 96

Alexander II, monument to, 82

Alexander III, coronation of (1883), 17

monument to, 82 , 157

All-Arts Union (Petrograd, 1917), 18 -19

All-Russian Central Committee for October (Celebrations) (Moscow, 1921), 211

Along the Thorny Path to the Stars (Petrograd, 1920), 216

Altman, Nathan, 3 , 96 , 99 , 100 , 188 , 195 , 196 , 197

Amateur theater, 133 , 135 , 136 , 216

Anarchism and anarchists, 77 , 88 , 101

Ancient Theater (Petrograd), 30 , 61 , 76 , 164 , 203

Andreev, Leonid, 20

He Who Gets Slapped , 111

Andreeva, Maria, 25 , 26 , 113 , 166 , 188

Anna Ioannovna (empress), and marriage of dwarf jesters, 55

Annenkov, Iury, 23 , 95 , 115 -16, 157 , 165 , 168 , 203 , 204 , 205

First Distiller (1919), 115 -16, 165

Antonov-Ovseenko, Vladimir, 203

Antselovich, 89 , 99

Apollonian and Dionysian, 34 , 36 , 37 , 54 , 62 , 138

Arbatov, Nikolai, 52

Arts Commission (Petrograd, 1917), 18 , 19

Arts Department (Moscow Soviet), 94 , 98

Arts-Educational Commission (Moscow, 1917), 21

Association of Worker-Peasant and Red Army Theater, 137

Audience, 193 , 203

control of, 145 -46

― 306 ―

160 , 161 , 189

participation, 34 , 37 , 51 -52, 61 , 121 , 125 -26, 136 -37, 140 , 167 -68

and propaganda, 10 -11

B

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 44 , 53 -55, 65

Bakhtin, N. N., 124

Bakunin, Mikhail, 77

Balagan . See under Fairground entertainments

Balakirev, E. A. (jester), 128

Baltic Factory Theater (Petrograd), 30

Bat (Petrograd cabaret), 60

Battle of Borodino, 100th anniversary of (1912), 17 , 63

Beethoven, Ludwig von: Lenore (Fidelio) , 76

Beliaev, Iury, 63

Bely, Andrei, 7 , 57 -58, 64 -65, 68 , 146

Benois, Aleksandr, 18 , 59

Berezovye Rudki (Ukraine), 173

Berlioz, Louis Hector: Symphonie fantastique,133

Bessalko, Pavel, 30 , 32

Bezdna, rebellion in (1861), 132

Biblical motifs. See under Religion and theater

Bim and Bom (clowns), 114

Björnson, Björnstjerne: Beyond Human Might,49 , 120

Blanqui, Jérôme: monument to, 83

Blockade of Russia (Petrograd, 1920), 168 , 171 -74

Blok, Aleksandr, 57 -60, 64 , 65 , 68 , 75 , 79 , 94 , 104 , 107 , 128 , 165

Balaganchik,59 -60, 104 , 111

Boat, 113

Ramses, 113

Tristram, 113

"Twelve," 70

Blokh, Mikhail, 169

Boat (Lodka ), 124 -25

Bobrishchev-Pushkin, A. V., 117

Boccioni, Umberto, 64

Bogdanov, Aleksandr, 7 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 35 , 38 , 88 , 151

Red Star, 35

Bohemian Club (San Francisco), 27

Bolotnikov, Ivan, 132

monument to, 83

Bolshoi Dramatic Theater (Petrograd), 26 , 157 , 185

Bolshoi Opera Theater (Petrograd), 164

Bolshoi Theater (Moscow), 72 , 76 , 95

Bondi, Iury, 63

Book Day (1925), 214

Boy Scouts, 20 , 199

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, 91 , 132

Briusov, Valery, 57

Brutus (Marcus Junius Brutus), monument to, 83

Burliuk, David, 212

Burning of the Hydra of Counter-Revolution (Voronezh, 1918), 41

Byron, Lord, 26

Cain, 48

C

Calderón, Pedro, 165

Adoration of the Cross,57 -58

Purgatory of St. Patrick,30

Calendar. See Socialist holidays and calendar

Campanella, Tommaso, 7

City of the Sun,84

Capitalist Intrigues . See Good Men of Versailles

Carmagnole, 159 , 186 , 189

Carnivals, 8 , 53 -55, 58 , 59 , 97 , 105 -7

sponsorship of, 8 , 16 -17, 18 , 135

Carousel of Craft-Guilds (Moscow, 1919), 109

Carousels, 106 , 107

Catherine the Great, 17 , 181

coronation of (1763), 55 , 117

Central Organizing Bureau for the October Triumphs (Petrograd, 1918), 94

Central Organizing Committee,

197 (Moscow, 1920)

89 (Petrograd, 1918)

Chagall, Marc, 3 , 96

Chaliapin, Fedor, 25 , 26 , 113 , 123 , 127

Chamber Theater (Moscow), 62

Charov, I. M., 124

Chastushki, 116

Chekan, Victoria, 30 , 57

Chekhov, Anton, 31 , 48

Chekhov, Mikhail, 17

Chernyshevsky, Nikolai, 22 , 35

monument to, 83

Chopin, Frederic: Funeral March,189

Christianity. See under Religion and theater

― 307 ―

Chudnovsky, Grigory, 203

Church and theater. See Religion and theater

Cinizelli Circus, 15 , 16 , 25 , 41 , 114 , 132 , 166

Circus, 21 , 25 , 108 , 112 , 114 , 117 -18, 209

and theater, 25 , 68 , 70 , 107 , 116 -17, 167 -68, 204

clowns, 68 , 114 , 116 , 165 , 167 , 172 , 209

wrestling, 114 -15, 118 , 127

Circus Department. See under Narkompros

Clowns. See under Circus

Comedians' Haven (Petrograd cabaret), 60

Comintern. See Third International

Commedia dell'arte, 9 , 59 , 60 -61, 66 , 107 , 109 , 116 , 125 , 164 -67, 172

Commissariat of Education. See Narkompros

Commission for Decorating the City (Petrograd, 1918), 89

Commission of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR for the Organization and Conduct of the Tenth Anniversary of the October Revolution (1927), 219

"Conference of the Entente." See Krylov: "Quartet"

Conservatory (Petrograd), 157 , 185

Constantine, Grand Duke: King of the Jews,52

Constitutional Democrats, 188

Constructivism, 51 , 150

Coronation of the Revolution (Samara, 1920), 142

Crooked Mirror (Petrograd cabaret), 157 , 185

Curzon, Lord George, 172 -73

Cyrill and Methodius, 79 , 83

D

David, Jacques-Louis, 44 , 84

Oath of the Tennis Court , 84

Davydov, Denis, 78

Day of Red Gifts (1919), 99

Decembrists, 12 , 132

Degeyter, Felix, 185

Deistvo , 37 , 57 , 62 , 117 , 121 -22, 128 , 135 , 137 , 140 , 143 , 150 , 151 , 156

audience of, 138 -39, 147 , 161 , 167

E

Ehrenburg, Ilya, 114

Eisenstein, Sergei, 30

Aleksandr Nevsky,30

Ten Days That Shook the World,1 -2

Ekaterinhof, 105 -6

Eliade, Mircea, 44 , 45 -46, 56 , 84

Elizaveta Petrovna (empress), and masques of gender reversal, 55

Engels, Friedrich, 80

monument to, 83 , 118

Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State , 35

Engineers' Castle (Petrograd), 154 , 163

Erdman, Boris, 114

Ermak Timofeevich, 109 , 125

Esenin, Sergei, 20

Eulogy of the Revolution (Voronezh, 1918), 41

Euripides: Hippolytus,154

Evreinov, Nikolai, 9 , 23 , 42 , 68 , 104 , 107 , 137 , 165 , 215

and theater as game, 60 -62, 122 , 148

1812 (1912), 63

Main Thing,148

Storming of the Winter Palace (1920), 200 -201, 203 , 205 , 206

Three Magi (1907), 61

World Contest of Wit,213 .

See also Ancient Theater (Petrograd)

F

Fairground entertainments, 9 , 114 , 166

balagan, 17 , 59 , 68 , 71 , 104 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 110 , 115

gulianie , 104 -5, 106 , 119

raek (peep show), 112

― 308 ―

Festival of Federation (Paris, 1790), 154

Festival of Reason (Paris, 1793), 22 , 34

Festival of the Supreme Being (Paris, 1794), 23

Festivals. See Public celebrations

Feuerbach, Ludwig, 33

Fidman, V., 46

Filatka and Miroshka's Rivalry,124

Fire of Prometheus (Petrograd, 1920), 163 -64

Field of Mars (Petrograd), 19 , 91 , 105 -7, 154 -56, 158 , 194 , 195

First Congress (Moscow, 1919), 178 , 180 -81

First International, 77 , 149 , 151 , 178 , 185 , 186

Fokine, Michel, 52

Fomin, Ivan Alekseevich, 156 , 171

Forreger, Nikolai, 113 , 118

Free Comedy Theater (Petrograd), 148

Free Theater (Voronezh), 112 -13

French Revolution, 12 , 23 , 46 , 51 , 84 , 85 , 110 , 112 , 159 , 200 , 209

festivals of, 6 , 22 -23, 43 -44, 140 , 154 , 160 , 212 , 214

metric system and calendar of, 85

Friche, Vladimir, 7 , 23 , 34 , 93 , 98 -99, 140

Fuchs, Georg: Die Schaubühne der Zukunft,37

Futurism and futurists, 64 -65, 72 , 78 , 93 , 96 -98, 99 , 100 , 101 -2

Fülöp-Miller, René, 4

G

Gaideburov, Pavel, 20 , 49 , 119 -24, 129 , 135

Game playing, 61 , 111 -12, 122 , 124 , 126 -27, 146 -50, 151 , 167 . See also Dramatic play

Gan, Aleksei, 138 , 150 -51, 156

Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 112

Gastev, Aleksei, 31 -32, 151 , 152

"We Grow Out of Iron," 31

Poetry of the Workers' Hammer,31

Geertz, Clifford, 176

General Staff Headquarters (Petrograd), 97 , 203

Gerasimov, Sergei, 157

German Embassy (Moscow), 102

Gibschmann, Konstantin, 165 , 172

GIII. See State Institute of Art History

Glavpolitprosvet. See under Narkompros

Glazunov, Aleksandr, 52 , 185

Glinka, Mikhail: Ivan Susanin (Life for the Tsar) , 76

"God-builders," 38 , 200

Gogol, Nikolai: Terrible Vengeance , 130

Golden King (Moscow, 1920), 144

Goldman, Emma, 169

Goldoni, Carlo, 59

Goleizovsky, Kasian, 114

Golovinskaia, Elena, 122 , 124 , 165

Good Men of Versailles (Capitalist Intrigues) (Petrograd, 1920), 166

Gorky, Maxim, 18 , 25 , 26 , 38 , 48 , 110 , 111 , 113 , 120 , 127 , 135

History of World Culture,113

Gorsky, Aleksandr: Stenka Razin,77

Gozzi, Carlo, 59

GPU. See State Political Administration

Granovsky, Aleksei, 25 , 157

Guardians of the People's Temperance, 106 -7, 119

Gumilev, Nikolai: Magic Tree,165

Gvozdev, Aleksei, 54

H

Harlequin, 59 , 60 , 63

Headquarters Arch (Petrograd), 204

Hegel, Georg, 35 , 78

Hellenism, 25 -26, 33 -34, 35 -36, 41 , 73 -74, 125 , 209

Hercules, 82

Herder, Johann von, 33 , 35

Hofmannsthal, Hugo von: Everyman,25

Holiday of the Defense of Petrograd (Petrograd, 1920), 163

Holiday of the Revolution (1917), 21

Holidays. See Socialist holidays and calendar

Hölderlin, Friedrich, 35

Hugo, Victor: Notre-Dame de Paris , 54

Hunters' Row (Moscow), 96

I

Iakhmanov, 89

Iakulov, Georgy, 21

Iberian Chapel (Moscow), 85 -86

Igrishche. See Dramatic play

Improvisation, 122 , 126 , 127 , 129 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 165 . See also Starskaia method

Instructors' Courses for Children's Theater and Festivals (Petrograd), 124

Instsenirovka,31 , 112 , 149

― 309 ―

Internationale,159 , 161 , 181 , 185 , 187 , 205 , 206

International Proletarian Political Review (Astrakhan, 1920), 213

International Women's Day, 7

Inundation of Belgium (Petrograd, 1914), 117

Iudenich, General Nikolai, 134 , 214

Iurev, Iury, 25 , 26 , 113 , 127

Macbeth (1918), 25 -26

Oedipus Rex (1918), 25 -26

Ivan III, 180

Ivan IV (the Terrible), 180

Ivanov, Viacheslav, 7 , 51 , 54 , 65 , 71 , 101 , 104 , 123 , 131 , 138 , 140 -41, 144 , 146

deistvo, 37 , 62 , 135 , 136 , 137

influence on Gaideburov, 119 -20, 122

mystery, 47 , 57

myth, 37 -38, 143

Nietzschean elements, 36 -37

Tower Apartment, 38 , 57 -58

Prometheus,128

IZO. See Narkompros: Arts Section

Izvestiia, 85 , 89 , 91 , 97 , 153

J

Jarry, Alfred: Ubu Roi,65

July Days (Petrograd, 1920), 163

K

Kaganovich, Lazar, 196

Kalinin, Fedor, 30

Kamenev, Lev, 93

monument to, 195

Kameneva, Olga, 98 -99

Kamensky, Vasily, 114

Stenka Razin--Heart of the People,78

Karl Marx Club (Petrograd), 216

Karsavina, Tamara, 97

Kautsky, Karl, 199

Kedril the Glutton,124

Kemp, Will, 165

Kerensky, Aleksandr, 131 , 203 -7

Kerzhentsev, Platon, 7 , 27 -28, 31 , 33 , 75 , 103 , 137 , 140 , 143 , 161 , 164 , 206

Kheraskov, Mikhail, 17

Khlebnikov, Velimir, 65 , 107

"Labor Holiday," 155

Khodasevich, Valentina, 171

Khodynka Field (Moscow), 17 , 55 , 86 , 105 , 150 , 214

Khudozhestvenno-prosvetitel'naia kommissiia (Arts-Educational Commission), 21

Kirillov, Vladimir: "May Day Hymn," 79

Kirov Bridge (Petrograd), 219

Kogan, Petr, 138 , 152

Kogan, Sofia, 138

Kolchak, Admiral Aleksandr, 109

Koltsov, Aleksei, monument to, 83

Komissarzhevskaia Theater (Theater of Vera Komissarzhevskaia), 30 , 50 , 121

Komissarzhevsky, Theodore, 76

Komsomol Christmas (1923), 217

Konenkov, Sergei, 74 , 114 , 118

Kostroma (1913), 17

Kozlinsky, Vladimir, 68

Kozlov, Petr: Above Life,80

Legend of the Communard,80 -81, 108 , 213

Krasnoe selo, 149 , 206

Kremlin (Moscow), 75 , 86 , 90 , 155 , 176 , 180 , 181

Kropotkin, Petr: History of the French Revolution,23

Kruchenykh, Aleksei: Victory Over the Sun,65 -66

Krupskaia, Nadezhda, 36 , 108

Krupskaia Institute of Culture (Leningrad), 5

Krylov, Ivan: "Quartet," 76

"Slaughter of the Beasts," 76

Kugel, Aleksandr, 52 , 157 , 203 , 204

Kurmatsep (Master Courses in Scenic Production), 124

Kuzmin, Mikhail, 25

Kuznetsky Bridge (Moscow), 212

Kuznetsov, Pavel, 21 , 86 , 114 , 118 , 164

Stepan Razin on the River Beats Back the Advance of Counter-revolution, 78

L

Labor, in socialist society, 35 , 81 , 152 -53, 156 , 178 , 216

Latvian Riflemen, 86 , 114

Lazarenko, Vitaly, 68 , 114 , 115 , 117

Lebedev, N. V., 122 , 124

Lebedev, Vladimir: Apotheosis of the Worker,68

Lebedev-Poliansky, Pavel, 30

Lebedeva, Maria, 181

Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, 25 , 28 , 42 , 77 -78, 80 , 85 , 94 , 98 , 123 , 131 , 155 , 175 , 198 , 203 , 206 , 217

on culture, 27 , 72 , 104 , 108 , 136

monument to, 195

"A Great Beginning," 153

"Left-Wing Communism, An Infantile Disorder," 180

― 310 ―

Lenin Hills (Sparrow Hills, Moscow), 150 , 215 , 216

Lenin Mausoleum (Moscow), 180 , 198 , 219

Lenin monumental plan, 82 -84, 94 -95, 107 , 177 , 193 -94, 196 -97

Lenin Theater (Astrakhan), 213

Lentovsky, Mikhail, 17 , 106

Lentulov, Aristarkh, 76 , 107

Lermontov, Mikhail: Song of the Merchant Kalashnikov,107

Libakov, M. V., 138

Liberation (see Beethoven: Lenore )

Liberty Bond Day (1917), 18 , 19 -21, 30 , 121 , 203 , 204

Liebknecht, Karl, monument to, 181

Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge (Petrograd), 219

Ligovsky People's House, 119 , 123

Literary Fund (Petrograd), 121

Lithuanian Castle (Petrograd), 23

Litolff, Henri: Robespierre (overture), 204

Lloyd George, David, 115

Lobnoe Mesto (Moscow), 77 , 118 , 198

Lopukhov, Fedor, 107 , 157

Louis XIV , 164

Love for Three Oranges (journal), 60

Lubok, 104 , 112 , 113 , 115

Lumet, Louis, 26

Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 7 , 8 , 25 , 30 , 72 , 78 , 82 , 108 , 120 , 128 , 136 , 138 , 212

and festivals, 22 -23, 88 , 92 -93, 103 -4, 152

monuments to, 94 , 195

Nietzschean elements in work of, 33 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 62 , 135 , 143

on theater, 26 , 110 -11, 166

Religion and Socialism,79

Luna Park (Petrograd), 63

Lurich, Arthur (wrestler), 25

Luxemburg, Rosa, monument to, 181

Lvov, Nikolai, 138

M

MacAloon, John, 147

MacKaye, Percy: Civic Theatre,28

Maeterlinck, Maurice, 50 , 57 , 144

Death of Tintageles,50 , 120

Sister Beatrice,49 , 50

Magical Accordion (Petrograd, 1920), 166

Maiden's (Devichee) Field (Moscow), 105

Malevich, Kasimir, 21 , 47 , 49 , 65 , 70 , 138

Maly Opera (Petrograd), 76

Maly Theater,

52 (Petrograd),

78 (Moscow)

Mandelshtam, Osip, 196

March-Route Committee (Moscow, 1920), 197

Mardzhanov, Konstanin, 76 , 113 , 185 , 188 , 189 , 212

Fuente ovejuna (1919), 76 , 185

King Saul (1920), 185

Marinetti, Emilio, 64

Marseillaise,20 , 23 , 159 , 204

Marx, Karl, 12 , 33 , 35 , 77 , 80 , 95 , 144 , 176 , 178 , 199 , 208

monument to, 83 , 84 , 118 , 195

portraits of, 141

Maslovskaia, S. D., 157

Mass spectacles, 112 , 118 -19, 127 , 129 , 163 , 204 -6, 208 , 210 , 213 -14

and professional participation, 133 , 135 -136.

See also Public celebration: theatrical

Master Courses in Scenic Production, 124

Matisse, Henri, 100

Matiushin, Mikhail: Victory Over the Sun,65 -66

Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 64 , 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 79 , 107 , 160 , 165 , 171 , 195 , 198

Mystery-Bouffe,43 , 63 -71, 81 , 93 , 107 , 112 , 116 , 127 , 131

Ode to Revolution," 101

The Soviet ABCs,114

Vladimir Mayakovsky: A Tragedy,65

World Wrestling Championship,115 , 127

May Day, 18 , 38 , 45 , 79 , 85 , 88 , 105 , 213

1903, 106

1917,18 -19, 88 , 93 , 194

1918,28 -32, 62 , 73 , 75 , 80 , 82 , 86 -93, 96 , 99 , 115 , 194

1919,76 , 77 , 80 , 98 -100, 106 , 109 , 127 , 129 , 134 , 198

1920, 142 , 144 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 154 , 155 , 156 -57, 159 , 166 , 169 , 195

1921, 211

1925, 76

May Day Commission (Moscow, 1923), 211

Mazaev, Anatoly, 5

Melodrama, 110 -11, 126 , 165 -66

Mensheviks, 88 , 154

Menzhinskaia, Olga, 98

Merging. See Sliianie

Metalworker,169 -70

Metropolitan Hotel (Moscow), 197

― 311 ―

Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 9 , 42 , 66 , 68 , 71 , 94 , 104 , 107 , 121 , 122 , 124 , 126 , 127 , 137 , 140 , 144 , 160 , 164 , 165 , 206 , 214 -15

circus and theater, 116 -17

revolution and theater, 62 -63

and symbolism, 50 , 51 , 57 -61

Les Aubes (1920), 76

Dithyramb of Electrification (1921), 215

Fire (1914), 63 , 164

Mystery-Bouffe (1918), 43 , 63 -71, 128

Struggle and Victory (1921), 214 -15

Mgebrov, Aleksandr, 20 , 25 , 30 -32, 50 , 57 , 65 , 81 , 128

Michelangelo: David , 169

Miklashevsky, Konstantin, 107 , 165

Minerva Triumphant , 17 , 117

Mikhailovsky Manège (Petrograd), 106 -7, 117

Misheev, N. I., 157

Mobile-Popular Theater (Petrograd), 20 -21, 119 -124

Masses, 121 , 122 , 124

Turgenev Evening,121

Mobile Theater. See Mobile-Popular Theater

Moissi, Sandro, 25

Molière, 103 , 165

Monkey-Informer (Petrograd, 1920), 166

Monumentalism, 113 , 123 , 205

Monumental plan. See Lenin monumental plan

Monuments, 46 -47, 84 -85, 86 , 99 , 169 -71, 196

Monument to Liberated Labor (Moscow), 157

Monument to the Third International. See Tatlin, Vladimir

Moor, Dmitry, 181

Moralités , 61

More, Thomas, 7

Utopia, 84

Morgan, J. P., 166

Morris, William, 47

News from Nowhere,152

Moscow, 177 , 180 , 181 , 197

Moscow Art Theater, 25 , 30 , 31 , 51

Moscow Balagan (theater), 118

Moscow Party Committee: Department of Subbotniki, 153

Moscow Soviet, 62 , 93 , 94 , 98 , 99 , 218

Moscow Soviet of Soldiers' Deputies (1917), 21

Moscow Soviet of Workers' Deputies (1917), 21

Musical Drama Theater (Petrograd), 63

Mystery play, 25 , 47 -48, 62 , 160 , 185 , 205 , 209

Mayakovsky and, 66 , 68

and revolution, 52 , 53 , 57

symbolism, 9 , 37 , 49 , 59 , 61

Mystery of Liberated Labor (Petrograd, 1920), 157 -63, 171 , 172 , 185 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 192 , 193 , 204 , 205 , 206

Myth, 38 , 48 , 143 -44, 160 , 178 , 200

and mythmaking, 38 , 56 , 140 , 145 , 177

of revolution, 12 , 56 , 77 , 145 , 177 , 188 , 199 -200, 205 , 206

N

Napoleon Bonaparte, 160

Narbut, Vladimir, 181

Narkompros (Commissariat of Education), 22 , 35 , 79 , 94 , 99 , 119 , 151

Adult Education Department, 122 -23

Arts Section (IZO), 89 , 98 , 99

Bureau of Mass Festivals, 152

Glavpolitprosvet, 211

Petrograd Politprosvet, 216 -17

Petrograd Section, 89

Theater and Spectacle Section of the Northern Commune's Regional Narkompros, 94

Theater Section (TEO), 94 , 98 , 108

TEO Circus Department, 114 , 117 , 119

TEO Section for Mass Presentations and Spectacles, 137 , 151

TEO Sub-section for Worker-Peasant Theater, 136 -37

TEO Sub-section of Worker-Peasant and Red Army Theater, 137

TEO Sub-section of Repertory, 137

Narva Gate (Petrograd), 163

Negotiations of Krasin and Lloyd-George (Berezovye Rudki, 1920), 173

Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vasily, 112

NEP. See New Economic Policy

Nevsky Prospect (Petrograd), 85

New Economic Policy, 152 , 211

Nezlobin Theater (Petrograd), 52

Nicholas I, 105

Nicholas II, 195

coronation of (1896), 17 , 55

monument to, 107

Nicholas II People's House, 106 , 111 , 126 , 127 , 130 , 165 , 168

people's theater, 26 -28, 31 , 32 , 34 , 37 , 39 , 103 -4, 209 -10

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 7 , 36 , 62 , 65 , 138

Birth of Tragedy , 36 , 54

Nikitin, Ivan, monument to, 83

― 312 ―

November 7 celebration, 85

1918 , 62 , 73 -74, 76 , 78 , 83 , 85 , 91 , 93 -101, 107 , 112 , 188 , 194 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 206

1919 , 118 , 134

1920 , 76 , 195 , 196 , 200

1921 , 211

1927 , 213 , 218 -19

Novinskoe Field (Moscow), 105

O

Obelisk to International Revolutionaries (Moscow), 95

Obukhov Factory (Petrograd), 91

Old Man and the Sea (movie), 157

Oprichina, 55

Order of the Red Banner of Labor, 152

Orenburg, 214

Organizing Committee for the October Festivities (Moscow, 1918), 93

Ostrovsky, Aleksandr: Storm,119

Owen, Robert, monument to, 83

Ozouf, Mona, 43 -44

P

Palace Embankment (Petrograd), 156

Palace of the Arts. See Winter Palace (Petrograd)

Palace Square (Petrograd), 3 , 85 , 96 , 154 -56, 158 , 181 , 215

Panina, Countess Sofia, 119 , 123

Pantaloon, 166

Pantomime, 114 , 129 , 165

Parades. See Demonstrations and parades

Paris Commune, 12 , 46 , 179 -80, 186 , 189

monument to, 181

Paris Commune Day, 217

Partition of Russia (Petrograd, 1920), 166

People's Houses, 103 , 106 , 119

Peredelki. See under Tradition, remaking of

Peter the Great, 17 , 128 , 149

and Most Drunken Council of Fools and Jesters, 17 , 55 , 128

Petrograd, 177 , 196 , 197 , 203

Lesnaia district, 195

Porokhovye factory district, 129

Petrograd Organizational Bureau (1918), 96

Petrograd Party Committee, 89 , 197

Petrograd Pravda,134

Petrograd Soviet, 19 , 89 , 94 , 98 , 99 , 169 , 195 , 201

Petrograd Soviet Day, 7

Petrograd Theater Section (PTO), 93 , 108 , 111 , 112

Petrograd Workers' and Soldiers' Soviets (1917), 18

Petro-Pavlovsk Fortress (Petrograd), 192

Petrov, Nikolai, 148 , 185 , 203

Main Thing (1921), 148

Petrov-Vodkin, Kuzma: 1918 in Petrograd , 79

Stepan Razin,78

Petrushka, 68 , 104 , 209

Phidias, 169

Picasso, Pablo, 59

Pierrot, 59 , 60 , 63 , 104

Pilsudski, Jozef, 115

Pinkerton literature, 109 , 166

Piotrovsky, Adrian, 4 , 54 , 122 , 131 , 132 , 149 , 156 , 163 , 166 , 185 , 216

Sword of Peace,132 , 164

Pisarev, Dmitry, 22

Pisemsky, Aleksei, 111

Play. See Game playing

Plekhanov, Georgy, 20 , 22

Podbelsky, Vadim, 93

Podvoisky, Nikolai, 3 , 200 , 203 , 215 , 219

Political Administration of the Petrograd Military District (PUR), 123 , 124 , 128 , 157 , 200

Popular Theater. See Mobile-Popular Theater

Potemkin, Grigory, 181

Pottecher, Maurice, 26

Pravda, 45 , 89 , 91 , 97 , 153 , 156

Prokofiev, Sergei, 107

Proletarian Studio of Declamation, 31

Proletkult, 27 , 28 , 72 , 75 , 80 , 89 , 104 , 119 , 123 , 128 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 157 , 211 , 213

Petrograd Literary Studio, 97

Petrograd Proletkult, 129 -30, 132 , 161

Petrograd Proletkult Studio, 30 -32

Proletkult Studio (Moscow), 56 -57, 76 , 145 -46

Proletkult Palace (Petrograd), 30

Prometheus (hymn), 145

Prometheus, 36 , 76 , 80 , 81 , 86 -88, 128 , 144 -45

Propaganda: in public events, 8 , 10 , 105 , 113 , 120 , 141 -42, 160 -61, 166 , 214

monumental (see Lenin monumental plan)

PTO (Petrograd Theater Section), 93 , 108 , 111 , 112

Public celebration (outdoors[), 9 , 19 , 21 , 27 , 42 , 51 , 73 -75, 94 -95, 121 , 127

― 313 ―

200

and history, 55 , 75 , 135 , 162 -63, 200 -201, 209 , 210

prerevolutionary, 4 -5, 7 , 17 -18, 38 -39, 40 -41

as propaganda, 86 -88, 92 , 137

as show of power, 45 , 177 , 178

theatrical, 21 , 23 , 25 , 58 , 62 , 73 , 121 -22, 123 , 127 , 137 , 140 , 150 , 168 , 208 , 209 , 210

and theatrical celebrations in the West, 27 -28.

See also Mass spectacles

Puccini, Giacomo: Tosca , 76

Pugachev, Emelian, 12 , 132

Punin, Nikolai, 47 , 64 , 74 -75, 95

PUR (Political Administration of the Petrograd Military District), 123 , 124 , 128 , 157 , 200

Putilov Factory (Petrograd), 91

R

Rabkrin (Worker-Peasant Inspectorate), 219

Rachilde (Marguerite Eymery Vallette): Le vendeur de soleil , 20 , 121

Radakov, A. A., 157

Radek, Karl, 199

Radlov, Ernst, 164

Radlov, Sergei, 60 , 122 , 124 , 163 , 164 , 167 , 171 , 173 , 185 , 189 , 205

Raskol'niki (religious sectarians), 128

Razin, Stepan, 12 , 77 -78, 81 , 83 , 118 , 125 , 132 , 142 , 159 , 160 , 198 , 205

monument to, 83

Recollection, 38 , 43 , 55. See also Myth

Red Army, 132 -33, 144 , 149 , 151 , 159 , 160 , 163 , 187 , 210 -11

Northern Army, 195

Red Army Studio, 124 -29, 149

Overthrow of the Autocracy , 125 -28, 131 , 132 , 147 , 166 , 206

Red Year, 131

Sword of Peace,132 -33

Third International,127 -28, 147 , 178

Red Guard, 200 , 203 , 206

Red Mass (Petrograd, 1920), 181

Red Navy, 173

Baltic Fleet, 214

Red Square (Moscow), 75 , 86 , 194 , 195 , 211 , 212 , 218 , 219

Reed, John, 200

Reinhardt, Max, 25 , 157

Everyman (1911), 25 , 47

Oedipus Rex (1911), 25

Religion and theater: Biblical motifs, 56 , 63 , 66 , 68 , 81

Christianity, 58 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 133 , 141 , 142 , 155 , 180 , 181

Orthodox ritual, 50 , 217

Remizov, Aleksei, 128

Revolution: dramatization of, 2 , 11 , 44 , 125 -127, 131 -32, 162 -63, 202 -3, 209 , 210

as festival or drama, 30 -31, 33 , 37 , 42 , 55 , 62 -63, 66 , 67 , 68 , 143 , 152

place of in history, 12 -13, 34 , 46 , 131 -32, 210

Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai: monument to, 83

Maiden of Pskov,77

Sadko, 189

Ritual and drama, 11 , 32 , 49 -50, 121 -22, 124 , 139 -40, 141 , 142 -44, 145 -46, 160 , 181

Robespierre, Maximilien, 23 , 34 , 44 , 85 , 205

monument to, 83

Rock Island (Petrograd), 168 -71

Roerich, Nikolai, 18

Rolland, Romain, 7 , 103 , 111

Le théâtre du peuple , 23 , 26

Romanov dynasty, 105

tercentenary of (1913), 17 , 95

Rose Festival (Pasadena), 27

ROSTA (Russian Telegraph Agency), 195

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 7 , 34 , 71 , 78 , 79 , 93 , 103

Consideration of the Government of Poland and Its Reform,34

Letter to M. D'Alembert on the Spectacles,34

Rukavishnikov, Ivan, 114 , 119

Political Carousel,118

Rus' (Voronezh, 1918), 112 -13

Russian Heroes in the Carpatians (Petrograd, 1914), 117

Russian Telegraph Agency (ROSTA), 195

S

St. Basil's Cathedral (Moscow), 199

St. Isaac's Cathedral (Petrograd), 163

St. Petersburg, 200th anniversary of (1903), 17 . See also Petrograd

Samara (1920), 142

Samodeiatel'nost',28 , 136 , 137 , 146 , 209 , 216

Samson and Delilah, 164

Samson and Delilah (Moscow, 1919), 118

Saratov (1918), 74 , 95 , 100

Schiller, Johann, 12 , 26 , 35

Scriabin, Aleksandr, 36 , 54 , 144

Mystery, 36 -37

Prometheus, 36 , 76 -77, 128 , 144

― 314 ―

Sebastopol, 50th anniversary of defense of (1906), 17

Second Congress (Moscow, 1920), 180 -85, 198

Second International, 105 , 151 , 186

Second State Circus (Moscow), 117 , 118

Self-government. See Samodeiatel'nost'

Semenov Place (Petrograd), 106 , 196 , 200

Serezhnikov, Vasily, 31

Serge (clown), 165 , 172 , 173

Severianin, Igor, 20

Severnaia Kommuna (Northern Commune) , 89

Shakespeare, William, 12 , 26 , 103 , 165

Macbeth, 25

Shcheglov, Dmitry, 122 , 129 , 130 , 132 , 216

Shcherbakov, Nikolai, 124

Shchuko, Vladimir, 157

Shekhtel, Fedor, 51

Shershenevich, Vadim, 65 , 119

Shevchenko, Taras, monument to, 86 -87

Shils, Edward, 176

Shimanovsky, Viktor, 122 , 124 , 216

Shklovsky, Viktor, 80 , 114 , 124 , 163 , 164 , 196

Shock-workers, 152

Skarskaia, Nadezhda, 119 , 123

Skarskaia method, 122 , 125 . See also Improvisation

Skobelev, General Mikhail, 82

Skorokhod Factory (Petrograd), 211

Skoropadsky, Hetman, 86

Sliianie , 126 , 140 , 145

Smashing of Kolchak (1919), 129

Smolny Institute (Petrograd), 1 , 46 , 83 , 105 , 194 , 195

Smyshliaev, Valentin, 56 , 137 , 144 -46

Social Mystery-Play (Petrograd, 1917), 18

Socialist aesthetics, 21 -22, 26 -27, 35 -36, 98 -101, 104

and official taste, 94 -95, 98 , 99

Socialist holidays and calendar, 7 , 85 , 88 , 89 , 97 , 152 -55, 156 , 177 , 217 , 219

Soiuz deiatelei vsekh iskusstv (All-Arts Union, Petrograd), 18 -19

Sologub, Fedor, 19

Soloviev, Vladimir (director), 60 , 63 , 122 , 124 , 163 -66, 185

Fire (1914), 164

Soloviev, Vladimir (philosopher), 164

Somov, Konstantin, 59

Sophocles, 12 , 26 , 103

Oedipus Rex,25

Sorel, Georges, 38 , 135

Soviet of Moscow Art Organizations (1917), 21

Soviet Propaganda Day (1919), 134

Space and time of festivity. See Time and space of festivity

Sparrow Hills (Moscow), 150 , 215 , 216

Spartacus, 12 , 112 , 159 , 160 , 164 , 193 , 205

Special Assembly of Petrograd Factory and Plant Representatives (Petrograd, 1918), 88

Special Conference for Matters of Art (Petrograd, 1917), 18

Sponsorship of art. See Carnivals: sponsorship of

Spring Is Beautiful (Moscow, 1883), 17

Square of People's Gatherings (Petrograd), 169

Stalin, Joseph, 38 , 86 , 176 , 219

Standing Guard for the World Commune (Moscow, 1919), 118

Stanislavsky, Konstantin, 49 , 51 , 56 , 201

State Institute of Art History (GIII), 4 , 54

State Political Administration (GPU), 214

Stenka Razin (movie, 1908), 77

Stepan Razin (game, Moscow, 1930), 216

Stock Exchange (Petrograd), 157 , 158 , 163 , 185 , 188

Storming of the Winter Palace (Petrograd, 1920), 1 -3, 60 , 199 -207, 213

Strauss, Johann: Vienna Waltz,189

Stray Dog (Petrograd cabaret), 60

Street decorations, 19 , 73 , 74 , 85 , 97 -99, 100 , 169 , 188 , 195 -96, 198 -99

modernist, 89 , 91 , 95 -96, 96 -97, 150 -51

under NEP, 211 , 212 -13

Streets: cleanup of, 154 -55

in celebrations, 7 -8, 96 -97, 159 , 177 , 193 -94, 197 -98

renaming of, 82 , 85 , 157 , 195

Struggle for the Commune . See Puccini: Tosca

Studio-Theater (Petrograd), 165

Subbotnik, 151 -56, 169 , 178 , 187 , 195 , 216

Sumarokov, Aleksandr, 17 , 117

― 315 ―

Summer Garden (Petrograd), 23 , 154 , 163

Sverdlov, Iakov, 86

monument to, 195

Symbolism/symbolists, 7 , 9 , 57 -60, 78 , 80

symbolist theater, 49 -51, 104 , 119 -20, 126

T

Tableaux vivants,117 -18, 216

Tairov, Aleksandr, 62 , 135 -36

Taking of Azov,15 , 16 , 107 , 163 , 172

Taking of Rostov and Novocherkassk (1919), 129

Taking of the Bastille (Petrograd, 1920), 163

Tarasov, Aleksandr, 129

Tarzan, 80

Tatlin, Vladimir, 86

Monument to the Third International,196 -97

Tauride Palace (Petrograd), 181

Tchaikovsky, Petr, 72

Swan Lake , 174

TEO. See Narkompros: Theater Section

Terijoki (Finland), 57

Theater of Popular Comedy (Petrograd), 165 -68, 172

Theater of Vera Komissarzhevskaia (Petrograd), 30 , 50 , 121

Theater Square,

95 , 197 (Moscow)

78 (Petrograd)

Theatrical-Dramaturgical Studio of the Red Army. See Red Army Studio

Théâtre de l'Oeuvre (Paris), 65

Third Congress (Moscow, 1921), 212 , 214

Third International, 134 , 149 , 178 , 181 , 185 , 187 , 195 , 198 , 212

Third Rome (Moscow), 180

Tiersot, Julien: Les fêtes et les chants de la révolution française , 22 , 41

Tikhonovich, Valentin, 137

Time and space of festivity, 8 , 43 -44, 48 , 55 -56, 62 , 96 , 106 , 112 , 120 , 122 , 139 , 153 , 156 , 159 , 169 , 177

sacred time, 45 -46, 48 , 49 , 51

Tiomkin, Dmitry, 52 , 157 , 200

Tiutchev, Fedor, monument to, 83

Tolmachev, Nikolai, 99

Tolstoy, Alexei: Road to Calvary,101

Tolstoy, Leo, 48 , 103 , 111 , 115 -16

First Distiller,115 -16

Tovstonogov, Georgy, 5

Toward a World Commune (Petrograd, 1920), 185 -93, 206

Tradition, remaking of, 5 , 8 , 72 -74, 79 -83, 105

by adapting heroes, 12 , 77 -78, 83 , 86 , 112 , 132

and carnivals, 107 -8, 109

and monuments, 82 -84, 95 , 96 -97, 99

and places, 155 -56, 180

by renaming streets, 82 , 85 , 157 , 195

by rewriting classics (peredelki ), 75 -76

Tragedy, 128

as revolutionary genre, 25 -26

communist, 111

Treaty of Nystad (1723), festival following, 17

Tretiakov, Sergei: Neporzach , 217

Trial of Ataman Buria (traditional game), 109

Trial of the Yellow (Second) International (Petrograd, 1920), 181

Trial of Wrangel (Crimean Station, Kuban region, 1919), 110

Triumph of the (Allied) Powers (Petrograd, 1914), 117

Troitsky Tower (Moscow), 86

Trotsky, Leon, 132 , 198 , 199 , 216 , 219

monument to, 195

Tsar Maximilian (folk play), 68

Turgenev, Ivan, 121

Fathers and Sons , 121

Klara Milich,121

"The Russian Language," 121

Spirits, 121

A Strange Story , 121

Turner, Victor, 135 , 139 -40

Twenty-One Conditions , 180

U

United Artistic Circles, 216 -17

Universal Military Training Corps (Vsevobuch), 212 , 215 -16

"Unnecessary Truth," 49

Uprising Square (Petrograd), 195

Uritsky, Moisei, monument to, 195

Uritsky Square. See Palace Square (Petrograd)

Urvantsov, L. N., 157

Utopianism, 65 -66, 68 , 78 -79

V

Vacation Island. See Rock Island (Petrograd)

Vakhtangov, Evgeny, 56

Varlikh, Hugo, 157 , 204

Vaudeville, 59 , 107 , 112 , 115

Vechernie izvestiia (Evening News) , 98

― 316 ―

Vega, Lope de: Fuente Ovejuna,30 , 61 , 76

Verhaeren, Emile: monument to, 83

Les Aubes, 30 , 76

"La Révolte," 56

Vertep (crèche), 70

Vesnin, Aleksandr, 75

Vinogradov-mamont, Nikolai, 122 -29, 133 , 144 , 147 , 149 , 166 , 177

Creation of the World,128

Russian Prometheus , 128

Vitebsk (1918), 3 , 96

Vo imia svobody,20

Voinov, Vladimir, 166 , 168

Volkov, Fedor, 17 , 117

Volodarsky, V., monument to, 83 , 195

Voronezh (1918), 15 -16, 40 -41, 112 -13, 114

Voronezh Opera House, 117

Voronezh Telegraph,16

Voskresnik , 152

Vsevobuch (Universal Military Training Corps), 212 , 215 -16

Vsevolodsky-Gerngross, Vsevolod, 122 , 136 -37

W

Wagner, Richard, 7 , 9 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 33 , 35 -36, 47 , 58 , 80 , 88 , 101 , 103 , 136

Art and Revolution,33

Art-Work of the Future,33 , 35

Götterdämmerung , 181

Lohengrin, 159 , 189

Wanderers, The, 100

War against White Poland (Petrograd, 1920), 163

Weber, Max, 176

Whitman, Walt, 31 , 41

William of Orange, 112

Wilson, Woodrow, 115

Winckelmann, Johann, 35

Winter Palace (Petrograd), 1 , 74 , 194 , 195 , 201

Heraldic Hall, 115

Hermitage Hall, 52

Women's Death Battalion, 201 , 206

Worker-Peasant Inspectorate (Rabkrin), 219

Workers' Soviet Opera (Moscow), 76

World of Art, 18 , 59

World-Wide October (Moscow, 1928), 216

Wrangel, Baron N. N., 107

Wrangel, General Petr, 110 , 115

Wrestling. See under Circus

Z

Zamiatin, Evgeny: Fires of St. Dominic,113

We,9

Zhizn' iskusstva (The Life of Art) , 98

Zielinski, Tadeusz, 164

Zimin Theater. See Workers' Soviet Opera

Zinoviev, Grigory, 88 -89, 94 , 180 , 181

monument to, 195

Znamenskaia Square (Petrograd). See Uprising Square

― 317 ―

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