P

Paine, Lynn, 17 , 21 , 30 , 71

Parliamentary systems, 69

Party History Research Institute, 97

Party History Research Office, 109

Party Rectification Commission, 108 n.18, 113

Peasants, 358

Peng Chong, 123

Peng Dehuai, 161

Peng Peiyuan, 205

Peng Zhen, 68 n.13, 108 nn.18, 19, 109

People's Communes, 337

People's Daily,81

People's Liberation Army, 3 , 17 , 151 , 168 , 172

access of to resources, 153 , 170

and Chinese Communist Party, 82 , 151 , 152 , 163 , 178

and defense-technology planning, 177 -78

and Deng Xiaoping, 178

General Logistics Department, 3 , 161 , 166

General Political Department, 161 , 163 , 166

General Staff Department, 161 , 166 , 168

leadership of, 152 , 153 -54, 170

manpower of, 157 , 170

ranks in, 76 -77

and retirement, 159

social control by, 154 , 172

Soviet influence on, 152

technical cadres in, 159

See also Military system

Personnel system, 222

and cadre retirement, 15

in local government, 223

Pingdu County Education Commission, 195 n.16

Planning commissions, 316 -17, 320

See also State Planning Commission

Policy coordination, 126 -28

and information flow, 125

institutions of, 129

lack of, 127

problems for, 128

Policy decisions, 76

Policy implementation: and authority relations, 242

at local levels, 217 -18

and middlemen, 218 -19

and policy targets, 243

Politburo, 13 , 40 , 65 , 97 , 98 , 114

and bargaining, 51

decision making in, 53 , 101 , 102

leadership arrangements in, 111 -21

and People's Liberation Army, 170

Standing Committee of, 60 , 68

Political and Legal Affairs Commission, 101 , 113 , 119 , 121 -22

Political and Legal Affairs Leading Group, 119

Political organizations: grouping of, 2

Political Reform Study Group, 107

Political system, 21 , 304

reform of, 305

Pollack, Jonathan, 76

on military system, 17 -18, 30

Polytechnologies, 175

Price, Don K., 144

Price Research Center, 131 , 132 n.18, 135 , 137

Prices, 266 , 327

control of, 266 -67

reform of, 79 , 81 , 319

Priority projects, 256 -57

Production brigade, 337 n.5

Production team, 337 n.5

"Professional guidance," 221

Propaganda and education bureaucracies, 2

Propaganda and Ideology Leading Group, 113 , 122

Propaganda Department, 104 , 113

Provinces: export revenues of, 296

and foreign trade, 84

representation of, 72

and State Council, 72

See also Provincial governments; names of provinces

Provincial Bureau of Education, 201 , 205

Provincial Education Commission, 187 n.5

Provincial governments, 18 , 286

and central-cities policy, 290

and central government, 284 , 305

and decentralization, 288

decision-making power of, 284 , 305 n.75

and economic reforms, 85

and interprovincial competition, 285

resources of, 284 , 296

and rural urbanization, 350

See also Provinces names of provinces

Public supervision, 110 -11