Index
A
Adachi Kenzo[*] , 197 -99
Adler, Max, 70
Akamatsu Katsumaro, 189
Akashi Junzo[*] , 24
Akita Ujaku, 162 , 163
Allied GHQ, 224 , 240 . See also Occupation (SCAP)
Analects , quoted, 52 , 210 -11
Anarchism. See Socialism
Ando Masazumi[*] , 143 -44
Andreae, Wilhelm, 70
Anesaki Masaharu, 201
Anti-Comintern Pact (1936), 49
Araki Sadao, 46 , 48
Arima, Tatsuo, 67
Arisawa Hiromi, 205
Arishima Takeo, 162 , 163
Aru kokoro no jijoden , 130 -40. See also Hasegawa Nyozekan
Asahina Chisen, 140
Asakusa, Nyozekan in, 133 , 137
"Assistance" (Yokusan ), 10 , 41 ;
and dissent, 23 -24
B
Baba Tsunego,217
Ba Maw, 227
Barth, Karl, Nanbara on, 262 n56
Bellah, Robert, xviii , 246
Bergson, Henri, 243
Bernstein, Eduard, 70 , 75
Binder, Julius, 84
Bluntschli, Johann, 68
Bosanquet, Bernard, 166
Bungaku Hokokukai[*] , Hasegawa Nyozekan as member of, 216
Bunka Mondai Kenkyukai[*] , Hasegawa Nyozekan's activities in, 215
Bureaucracy, perceptions of:
Hasegawa Nyozekan, 132 -33, 158 , 159 , 161 , 173 ;
Nanbara Shigeru, 55 , 62 , 92 . See also Meiji state; Public
C
Capitalism, development of:
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 177 -83;
in imperial Japan, 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 21 , 142 , 144 -45. See also Fascism; Japanese fascism; Meiji state
Carpenter, Edward, 178
Cassirer, Ernst, 70 , 77
Charter Oath of 1868, 5 , 160
Chiba Takusaburo[*] , 7
China:
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 215 ;
political thought, 5 -6;
Republic of, 153 ;
wars with Japan (see Sino-Japanese War)
Christianity. See Mukyokai[*] ; Nanbara Shigeru, religious beliefs and worldview; Social movements; Uchimura Kanzo[*]
Chuokoron[*] , 163 , 204
Cohen, Hermann, 70
Comintern, debates on fascism within, 188 , 190 -94, 201 , 205
"Communitarian" democracy:
Nanbara Shigeru on, 105 ;
Yabe Teiji on, 269 n179
"Communitarian" public. See Publicness
Community of contrition, 238 , 241 -44, 247
Comte, Auguste, 157
Confucian values:
Nanbara Shigeru and, 52 ;
Uchimura Kanzo[*] and, 56
Constitution of 1889 (Meiji Constitution), 7 , 10 , 40 -41, 65 , 85 , 103 ;
Nanbara Shigeru on, 105 . See also Minobe Tatsukichi
Constitution of 1946, 246 ;
Nanbara Shigeru and, 82 , 266 n120
"Cooperativism" (Kyodoshugi[*] ), 27 -28, 215 . See also Miki Kiyoshi
Critique of Modern Society. See Gendai shakai hihan
Critique of the Modern State. See Gendai kokka hihan
Crowley, James, 24
D
Dahrendorf, Ralf, 19 , 246
Danjite okonawazu , as watchword of Hasegawa Nyozekan, 128 , 188
Datsu seiji ("Depolitical apathy"), 247
Delp, Alfred, 121 , 122
"Deracination." See Weil, Simone
Diet. See Political parties
Duan Qirui, 153
Dunn, John, quoted, 258 n54
Durkheim, Emile, 164
E
Ebina Danjo[*] , 54 , 261 n51
Eisner, Kurt, 75 , 76
Emperor (Imperial house), as cultural symbol, 4 , 9 -10, 85 ;
Fukuzawa Yukichi on, 9 ;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 176 , 212 , 218 ;
Nanbara Shigeru on, 103 , 107 . See also Emperor system (Tennosei[*] ); Kokutai (National polity); Meiji state
Emperor system (Tennosei ):
Final crisis and collapse, 226 -27;
intellectual impact of demise, 230 ;
Marxist analyses of, 193 , 206 , 207 . See also Kokutai (National polity); Meiji state
Enlightenment, as duty of public man, 8 , 15 -19. See also Expertise; Intelligentsia
Eto Genkuro[*] , 45
Eto Jun[*] , 230
Eto Shinpei[*] , 9
Evolution, theory of. See Spencer, Herbert; State, theory of
Expertise, and publicness, 12 , 18 , 23 , 27 , 39 . See also Intelligentsia
F
Fanck, Arnold, 124 , 272 -73 n1
Fascism, 38 , 49 ;
attraction of public men to, 28 -29;
and capitalism, 193 ;
debates over definition of, 191 -95;
Maruyama Masao on, xx ;
postwar renascence of, 268 -69 n166;
and proletariat, 193 -95, 201 ;
Simone Weil on, xviii . See also Hasegawa Nyozekan; Japanese fascism
Fichte, J. G.; Kyoto school and, 86 ;
Nanbara Shigeru and, 64 , 84 , 86 -93, 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 103 , 122 ;
propaganda use of, 86 ;
works:
Addresses to the German Nation , 84 -86;
Characteristics of the Present Age , 84 , 98 ;
The Closed Commercial State , 84 , 91 -93;
Science of Knowledge , 89 ;
Theory of the State , 84 . See also State, theory of
"Fichtianity," 268 n160
Fletcher, Miles, 24 , 26
Forster, E. M., 24
Freedom and Popular Rights Movement, 6 -7
Fujita Shozo[*] , 245 , 254 n3
Fukagawa (birthplace of Hasegawa Nyozekan), 133 , 134 -35, 144
Fukoku kyohei[*] , 3
Fukuda Kan'ichi, 73
Fukuda Tokuzo[*] , 161
Fukutake Tadashi, 17 , 233 , 234
Fukuzawa Yukichi, as public man, 6 -9, 16 , 18 , 52 , 219
Furusho Tsuyoshi[*] , 155
G
Gakumon no susume (Fukuzawa), 6 , 18
Gallie, W. B., on Kant, 83
Gay, Peter, 84
Geisteswissenschaften, , 36 , 64
Gendai kokka hihan , 163 -77. See also Hasegawa Nyozekan
Gendai shakai hihan , 177 -86. See also Hasegawa Nyozekan
Genyosha[*] , 197
George, Stefan, 70 , 100
"Germanic Christianity," 95
German thought:
and imperial Japanese state, 26 , 28 -29, 48 -49, 61 , 64 -69;
Uchimura Kanzo[*] on, 263 n79. See also Weimar Republic
German Volk , as Urvolk , 84 , 90 -91, 103 , 107
Germany, 112 ;
Social democracy in, 192 -93. See also Nazis and Nazism; Weimar Republic
Gesaku , 135 -36
Gijutsu interi . See Expertise; Intelligentsia
Gondo Seikyo[*] , 9
Goto Fumio[*] , 63
Goto Shinpei[*] , 153
Great Britain, 172 , 173 ;
fascist movement in, 194 -95
Great Kanto[*] Earthquake, impact on Hasegawa Nyozekan of, 196 , 212
Green, T. H., 47
Guizot, François, 8
H
Habermas, Jürgen, on Heidegger, 75
Hakuukai, 55 . See also Mukyokai[*] (Non-Church); Nanbara Shigeru
Hanada Daigoro[*] , 154
Hanayashiki, 134 , 137 , 141
Hani Goro[*] , 213
Hara Kei, 20 , 63 , 150
Hasegawa Nyozekan, xv -xvii , xxi, 2 ;
on abstraction and intuition, 158 , 219 -20;
on anarchism, 175 -76;
and arrest and repudiation of JCP associations, 207 -9 (see also tenko[*] );
on bureaucracy, 133 , 159 , 161 , 173 , 281 n170;
on capitalist enterprise, 177 -78;
on chauvinism of petty bourgeoisie ("middle stratum"), 194 , 200 -201, 221 ;
on China, 215 -16;
constant features in work of, 129 -30;
denied membership in Reimeikai, 161 -62;
on dictatorship, 175 -76, 281 n167;
early education of, 136 -40;
family background of, 133 -36;
on fascism, 191 -200;
on freedom, 158 -60, 169 ;
on Greater East Asia War, 218 -19;
and Hobhouse, 165 -67;
ideal communitas of, 212 , 214 ;
on ideology and patriotism, 165 , 170 -72;
impact of, on Maruyama Masao, xvii , 235 , 236 , 248 -49;
influence of Seikyosha[*] figures on, 136 , 138 -39, 211 ;
on "Japanese character," 125 , 158 , 212 -14, 218 -19, 220 -21;
leftist political activities of, 204 -7;
and Marxism, 142 , 165 , 205 , 221 -22;
and Nanbara Shigeru, briefly compared, 127 -29, 160 -61;
nationalism of, 124 -25, 139 -41, 147 , 221 ;
on "new movement" in politics, 174 -77;
at Nihon , 143 ;
at Osaka Asahi , 143 -44, 147 -48, 151 -55;
on political parties, 166 -68, 173 ;
postwar activities of, 224 -25, 226 ;
on "public" character of journalism, 160 -61;
range and prose style of, 129 ;
on revolution, 158 , 171 , 175 ;
on Russia contrasted to Japan, 176 ;
and sense of zure ("not fitting in"), 132 -34, 146 ;
and Showa Kenkyukai[*] , 214 -16;
on "social" character of education, 220 ;
on social reform and reconstruction, 158 -61, 167 -68, 172 -77;
on state as social institution (seido ), 166 -70, 172 ;
studies criminology, 141 ;
on suffrage issue, 167 -68, 173 ;
on syndicalism, 175 ;
on trend toward kanri (administration), 167 -68;
university education of, 141 ;
"urbanity" of, 135 , 137 , 213 ;
and Warera , 155 , 157 -61;
on women's rights, 183 (see also Sexuality)
Hasegawa Tami (great-grandmother of Nyozekan), 134 , 135
Hashimoto Mitsuru, 230 , 237
Hatoyama Ichiro[*] , 38
Hattori Shiso[*] , 205
Hayashi Fusao, 189
Hayashi Kentaro[*] , 241
Hayashi Senjuro[*] , 45
Hegel, G. W. F., 60 , 64 , 68 , 76 , 86 , 89 , 106
Heidegger, Martin, 75 , 84 , 121 , 243
Heresy, in imperial Japan, 15 , 63 , 66
Hihan :
begins publication, 190 ;
ceases publication, 203 -4;
political stance, compared with Warera , 190 -91
Hijikata Seibi, 47 , 48
Hildebrandt, Kurt, 70
Hiraga Yuzuru, 47 , 48
Hiranu makiichiro[*] , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 42 , 45
Hirase Sakugoro[*] , 132
Hirschman, Albert, 56
Hobhouse, L. T., 69 , 163 , 165 -67, 186
Honda Sei'ichi, 154
Hososako Kanemitsu, 188 , 207
House of Peers, 37 , 39 , 45 ;
Nanbara Shigeru appointed to, 120
Huber, Thomas, 40 , 255 n23
"Humanism." See "Modernism"
I
I Am a Dangerous Individual (Miyatake), 13
Ichiki Kitokuro[*] , 39
Ichioku gyokusai , condemned by Nanbara, 118 , 119
Ideology, Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 170 -72. See also State, theory of
Iida Taizo[*] , on Hasegawa Nyozekan, 212 , 220 , 279 -80 n116
Ikeda Hayato, 225
Illich, Ivan, 182 , 220
Imai Yoshiyuki, 161
Imperial house/institution. See Emperor
Imperial Rescripts:
on Education, 10 , 57 ;
to Soldiers and Sailors, 10
Imperial system (Tennosei[*] ). See Emperor system
Imperial universities, 36 , 39 -40;
Reforms (1918), 42 -43;
"University Autonomy" struggle, 42 -44, 51 . See also Kyoto Imperial University; Tokyo Imperial University
Inahara Katsuji, 154
Individual and individualism:
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 181 , 183 -84;
Nanbara Shigeru on, 58 -59, 78 -79, 86 , 92 -93, 97 , 104 , 105 , 107 -8. See also Liberalism
Inoue Junnosuke, 198
Inoue Narazo[*] , 151
Inoue Shigeyoshi, 117
Inoue Tetsujiro[*] , 49 , 143
Intelligentsia:
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 142 ;
Japanese, 12 , 201 -2, 204 , 210 , 214 , 221 ;
Russian, 175 -76;
technical experts as, 12 , 18 , 23 , 27
Inukai Tsuyoshi, 198
Irokawa Daikichi, 7 , 236
Ishida Takeshi, 61 , 230 , 246
Ishiguro Tadaatsu, 116
Ishikawa Takuboku, 133
Itagaki Taisuke, 138
Ito Hirobumi[*] , 65
Ito Jinsai[*] , 7
Ito Kinryo[*] , 143
Ito Takashi[*] , 24 , 272 n213
Iwanami Shigeo, 50
J
James, William, quoted, 158
"Japanese character" (Nihonteki seikaku ), concept of, and essays on, 125 , 158 , 212 -14, 218 -19, 220 -21
Japanese Communist Party (JCP), 69 ;
early Showa[*] , 187 , 188 , 189 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 205 , 206 -9;
postwar, 232 -34, 237 , 238 -39, 242 . See also Marxism and Marxists; Yuibutsuron Kenkyukai[*]
Japanese fascism, analyzed by Hasegawa Nyozekan:
and art, 200 -201;
and bureaucracy, 199 -200;
and capitalism, 189 ;
and "cool fascism," 195 -96, 200 ;
intelligentsia and, 201 -2;
Marxist critiques of, 196 ;
"middle stratum" and, 194 -96;
political parties and. 197 -200;
proletariat and, 202 . See also Fascism
"Japanese ideology":
Shimizu Ikutaro[*] as embodiment of, 247 -48;
Takeuchi Yoshimi on, 245
Japanese Socialist Party, 247
"Japanese spirit" (Nihon seishin , Nanbara Shigeru on, 99 -100, 103 , 104 , 105 -6, 107
Japanese tradition, public men and, 28 -30
"Japanism":
Hasegawa Nyozekan and, 208 ;
and Japanese fascism, 201 -2;
of new generation, 138 -39
Jellinek, Georg, 68 , 84
Jiji shinpo[*] , 9 . See also Fukuzawa Yukichi
K
Kagawa Toyohiko, 62 , 63 , 148
Kaizo[*] , 124 , 126 , 157 , 163 , 204 , 215
Kaji Ryuichi[*] , 202 , 207
Kakehi Katsuhiko, 201
Kanai Noburu, 29
Kanda, Hasegawa Nyozekan in, 133 , 137
Kano Masanao, 10
Kanri ("Administration"), Hasegawa Nyozekan on tendency toward, 167 -68
Kanri shakai ("Administered society"), Japan as, 246
Kant, Immanuel, Nanbara Shigeru on, 52 , 64 , 71 , 73 , 78 , 79 -83, 85 , 86 , 95 , 121 ;
works discussed:
Conflict of Faculties , 81 ;
Eternal Peace , 71 , 73 , 81 ;
Idea for a Universal History , 79 . See also Neo-Kantians; State, theory of
Kato Komei[*] , 21
Kautsky, Karl, 70
Kawai Eijiro[*] , 47 , 48
Kawakami Hajime, 68 -69, 186 -89, 190
Kawashima Takeyoshi, 234
Kazoku kokka (Family state), 4 , 14 -15. See also Meiji state
Keidanren, 239 -40
Keiso[*] (Nanbara), 109 -14
Kelsen, Hans, 71 , 73 , 75 , 84 , 265 n99
Kenseikai, 148 , 197
Kido Koichi[*] , 115 , 116 , 119
Kierkegaard, Søren, 56 , 262 n56
Kikuchi Takeo, 45
Kishi Nobusuke, 18 , 27 , 115 , 238
Kita Ikki, 38
Kiyosawa Kiyoshi, 30 , 216 , 217
Ko/oyake[*] . See Public
Kobayashi Hajime, 154 , 256 n28
Kobayashi Takiji, 204
Kobori Jinji, 190
Koellreutter, Otto, 48 , 49 , 84
Koizumi Shinzo[*] , 217
Kojima Kazuo, 143
Kokka Gakkai, 65
Kokka kodo[*] ron (Hasegawa Nyozekan), 129
Kokka to shukyo[*] (Nanbara Shigeru), 78 , 113 ;
sales of, 212 . See also Kant; Nazism; Plato
Kokoku Doshikai[*] , 37
Kokoku Seinenkai[*] , 153
Kokuhonsha, 37 , 38
Kokuikai 18
Kokumin Domei[*] , 197
Kokumin Gakujutsu Kyokai[*] , 216 -17
Kokutai (National polity), xxi, 14 , 20 , 49 , 201 , 224 -25, 233 ;
Minobe Tatsukichi on, 40 , 41 ;
Nanbara Shigeru on, 103 , 105 -8, 118 . See also Emperor; "National community"
Kokutai ron shi , 201
Konoe Fumimaro, 10 , 23 , 27 , 73 , 110 ;
Nanbara Shigeru contact with, 115 , 119 , 272 n213;
and Showa Kenkyukai[*] , 214 -15
Kon Tosaburo[*] , 138
Koron[*] ("Public discussion"), and Charter Oath, 4 -5
Koschmann, J. Victor, 230 -31, 248 , 249
Kotoku Shusui[*] , 54 , 145
Kozaha[*] , 193 , 207 , 232 . See also Japanese Communist Party
Kozai Yoshishige, 205
Kreisau Circle, 31 , 121
Krieger, Leonard, 79
Kropotkin, Pyotr, 39 , 169 , 175 -76
Kuga Katsunan, 52 ;
Nyozekan and, 138 -39, 140 -41, 143 , 147 , 165 , 218
Kuhara Fusanosuke, 198
Kurahara Korehito, 190
Kushida Tamizo[*] , 69 , 154 , 156 , 187
Kuwabara Takeo, 220 , 234
Kuwaki Gen'yoku, 178 , 216 , 217
Kwantung Army, 22 , 99 , 199
Kyochokai[*] , 173
Kyodotai[*] (community), 29 , 230 , 237 . See also "National community"
Kyoto Imperial University (Kyodai[*] ), 38 , 49 , 69 , 155 , 187
L
Labor, Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 178 -81. See also Capitalism
Labor union movement, 145 -46;
Nanbara Shigeru and, 62 -63
Laozi, 158
Lask, Emil, 70 , 83
Laski, Harold, 30 -31, 69
League of Nations, Nanbara Shigeru attitude toward, 72 -73
Left, Japanese:
prewar, 17 , 21 , 22 , 161 -62, 204 -7;
and "Reverse course," 241 . See also Japanese Communist Party; Marxism and Marxists
Lenin, V. I., 174 , 190
Liang Qichao, 6
Liberalism:
and economic individualism, critique, of, 11 , 16 , 21 -22, 28 ;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 126 , 127 ;
Hobhouse on, 166 -67;
in Japan, 10 -11, 21 -22, 25 , 37 -39, 40 -42, 44 -45, 125 -27, 244 -45;
of Kuga Katsunan, 139 ;
Nanbara Shigeru on, 78 -79, 85 , 97 , 99 , 107 -8;
neo-Kantian version of, 74 , 78 . See also Individual and individualism; Neo-Kantians
List, Friedrich, 78
Luther and Lutheranism, 59 , 89 , 97 , 121
M
Maeda Tamon, 63
Makino Nobuaki, 39
Makino Tomitaro[*] , 132 -33
Manchuria (Manchurian Incident), 98 , 188 , 192 , 197 , 199 . See also Japanese fascism
Marshall, Byron, 43 , 46
Maruyama Kanji, 147 , 148 , 154 , 156 , 188 , 256 n28
Maruyama Masao:
on "collective repentance," 243 -44;
on "community of contrition," 238 ;
on fascism, xx ;
generation of, 225 -26, 229 ;
as " Maruyama Tenno[*] ," 249 ;
on Meiji secular hierarchy, 12 -13;
mentioned or quoted, 7 , 50 , 51 , 102 , 126 , 132 , 139 , 201 , 245 ;
as "modernist," 234 -36;
nationalism of, 267 n140;
on prewar political science, 65 -66;
as representative public man, 248 -50;
ties to Hasegawa Nyozekan, xvii , 206 , 225 , 235 ;
ties to Nanbara Shigeru, xvii , 120 -21, 235 ;
on "war responsibility," 249 -50
Marxists and Marxism, 14 , 37 , 157 ;
criticized by Takamure Itsue, 185 -86;
and "cultural" liberalism, 126 ;
Hasegawa Nyozekan and, 141 -42, 186 , 205 ;
and Japanese social science, 66 , 68 -69, 233 ;
legal campaigns against, 43 -44, 50 ;
Nanbara critique of, 93 -94;
role in postwar public discourse, 232 -34;
and social movement, 62 -64. See also Japanese Communist Party; Socialism
Masamune Hakucho[*] , 125 , 217
Matsumoto Seicho[*] , 275 n45
Matsumoto Shigeharu, 202
Matsuo Takayoshi, 150 , 151 , 162
"Meiji" nationalism:
breakup of, 147 ;
characteristics of, 52 -53
Meiji Restoration, as ideal, 53 , 145 ;
and the West, 2
Meiji state:
bureaucratism in, 3 -4, 8 , 14 ;
capitalism and (see Capitalism); development of, 2 -5;
as "family state," 4 ;
politics and political science in, 65 -69;
"public" in, 8 -11, 14 -15;
secular hierarchy under, 11 -13;
and universities, 39 . See also Kokutai ; Minobe Tatsukichi; "National community"; State, theory of
Meirokusha, 6 -7, 14
Meyer, Eduard, 70
Miki Kiyoshi:
identified with left, 204 , 205 , 211 , 217 ;
as New Order theorist and public man, 27 -28, 31 , 116 , 229
Military:
abuse of constitutional position, Nanbara Shigeru on, 98 -99, 105 ;
and Japanese fascism, Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 196 -99;
and Meiji state, 4 , 16 ;
and Showa[*] crisis, 22 -23, 45
Miller, Frank O., 37 , 38 , 39 , 105
Mills, C. Wright, 19
Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, 179
Ministry of Education, 50 , 105 ;
relations with Tokyo Imperial, 43 , 44 , 46 , 49
Ministry of Home Affairs (Home Ministry), 156 , 163 , 179 ;
and Police Bureau, 62 ;
reformist and democratic tendencies in, 61 -63;
Shrine Bureau of, 201 ;
training of officials in, 61 ;
Yuibutsuron Kenkyukai[*] , 205 . See also Nanbara Shigeru, career in Home Ministry
Ministry of Justice, 20 , 44 , 47 , 50
Minobe Tatsukichi:
attacks on, 22 , 45 -46, 202 ;
constitutional theory of, 16 , 20 , 29 , 37 , 40 -42, 43 , 68 , 97 , 105 , 154 , 201 , 202 ;
on liberty, 40 , 97 , 105
Minoda Muneki:
attacks on "liberal thought," 42 , 85 ;
on Nanbara Shigeru, 36 , 42 , 47 -51;
on Nazism, 268 n154;
on Todai[*] , 36 -39, 46 ;
on Tsuda Sokichi[*] , 50 , 217 ;
suicide of, 229 .
Minponshugi , 38 , 63 , 159 , 167 , 168 . See also Yoshino Sakuzo[*]
Minseito[*] , 197 , 198
Minshushugi Kagakusha Kyokai[*] (Minka), 241
Min'yusha[*] , 138
Minzoku (ethnos ; national group), 23 ;
as "absolutized," 230 ;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on Japanese as, 218 -19;
Nanbara's use of term, 83 , 99 , 106 . See also "National community"
Mitani Takamasa, 109 , 114
Mitsuchi Chuzo[*] , 117
Mitsui Takayuki, 45
Mitsukawa Kametaro[*] , 38
Miyake Setsurei, 138 , 143
Miyatake Gaikotsu, as outsider, 12
Miyazawa Toshiyoshi, 224 -25
Mobilization:
of intellectuals, xxi, 23 -25;
and state legitimacy, xx -xxii, 32 -33
"Modernism" and "modernists," 17 , 233 -37. See also Maruyama Masao; Shimizu Ikutaro[*]
MOPR (International Red Aid), 207
Morimoto Kokichi[*] , 17
Mori Ogai[*] , 13
Morito Tatsuo, 37 , 39 , 44 , 155 -56
Morris, William, 178
Mounier, Emmanuel, 31 , 257 n49
"Movement to Clarify the National Polity," 49
Mukoyama Hiroo[*] , on Nanbara "Peace Operation," 119
Mukyokai[*] (Non-Church), 54 -59, 261 -62 n54;
subgroups, 55 . See also Nanbara Shigeru; Uchimura Kanzo[*]
Murayama Ryohei[*] , 153 -54
Muroga Sadanobu, 24
N
Nabeyama Sadachika, tenko[*] of, 89 , 206
Nagata Hiroshi, 126 , 213
Nagayo Matao, 47
Nakamura Keiu, 136 , 137
Nakamura Yujiro[*] , 233 -34
Nakano Seigo[*] , 197
Nanbara Shigeru, xv -xvii , xxi-xxii, 2 ;
attacked by Minoda Muneki, 36 , 42 , 47 -51;
career in Home Ministry, 60 -64, 74 ;
childhood of, 51 -53;
on "communitarian" democracy, 105 ;
concept of politics of, 59 -60, 86 -88, 107 , 266 n130;
on critical spirit/rationality, 48 , 102 -3;
critique of Marxism, 93 -95;
critique of Nazism, 93 , 95 -96;
drawn to German idealism, 64 (see also Fichte; Kant);
elected head of Law Faculty, 114 , 270 n199;
on Fichte, 84 , 89 -93, 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ;
and Hasegawa Nyozekan, compared in brief, 127 -29, 160 -61;
at Ichiko[*] , 53 -54;
impact on Maruyama, xvii , 236 , 248 -49, 267 n140;
on imperial house and kokutai , 103 , 107 ;
on Kant, 79 -83;
and Kawai Eijiro[*] , 47 -48;
on liberalism and individualism, 78 -79, 107 -8, 127 ;
on Manchurian Incident, 98 -99;
"Meiji" nationalism of, 52 -53, 60 ;
on nation and nationality, 104 , 105 , 107 , 108 ;
and Ouchi Hyoe[*] , 44 ;
and "Peace Operation" (Shusen kosaku[*] ), 114 -20;
postwar activities of, 224 -25, 226 ;
problems in thinking of, 92 , 96 , 101 ;
religious beliefs and worldview, 52 , 54 -55, 58 -60, 69 , 89 , 95 , 97 , 102 , 111 , 112 -13;
on socialism, 93 ;
on Tanabe Hajime, 30 , 106 ;
and Tsuda Sokichi[*] , 49 -51;
and Uchimura Kanzo[*] , 54 -59, 104 , 108 ;
on values, 83 , 86 -87, 88 , 102 , 266 n126;
and war, diary kept during, 109 -14
Nanbara Teikichi, 52
"National community" (Kokumin kyodotai[*] ; Volksgemeinschaft ), 26 , 27 -28, 48 , 49 , 85 , 96 , 120 , 229 , 230 . See also Minzoku
Natsume Soseki[*] , 13 ;
on Hasegawa Nyozekan, 128 , 273 n7
Nazis and Nazism, 48 -49, 75 , 84 ;
Japanese disparagement of, 268 n154;
Nanbara Shigeru on, 93 , 95 -96
Neo-Kantians:
liberalism of, 74 , 78 ;
vs. Nietzscheans on Plato, 100 ;
and Weimar Republic, 70 , 74 -77
Nettl, Peter, quoted, 250
"New Order" Proclamation, 10
Nezu Masashi, 225
Niemöller, Martin, and Nazism, xxii
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 70 , 95 , 100 , 132
Nihon , 138 , 143 . See also Kuga Katsunan; Seikyosha[*]
Nihon fuashizumu hihan (Hasegawa Nyozekan), 191 -202. See also Japanese fascism
Nihonjin ron , 218 , 231
Nihon keizai no saihensei (Ryu Shintaro[*] ), 26 -27
Nihon kyoiku no dento[*] (Hasegawa Nyozekan), 220
Nihonteki seikaku (Hasegawa Nyozekan), 212 -14
20-seiki Kenkyujo[*] , 241 , 248
Nii Itaru, 204
Nikkeiren, 239 -40
Nishida Kitaro[*] , 27 , 30 , 67 , 106 , 217 , 243
Nishimura Tenshu[*] , 153 , 154
Nitobe Inazo[*] , 53 , 54
Nogyo Komin Gakko[*] , Nanbara Shigeru sponsors, 62
Noro Eitaro[*] , 207
Nozaka Sanzo[*] , 239 , 266 n120
O
Occupation (SCAP), "Reverse course" in Japan policy, 238 , 239 , 240 -41, 244
Odaka Tomoo, state theory of, 264 n84
Oda Makoto, 246
Oe Kenzaburo[*] , 226 , 246
Ogata Norio, 71
Ogura Kinnosuke, 216 , 217
Ogyu Sorai[*] , 7 ;
in work of Maruyama, 235
Ohara[*] Shakai Mondai Kenkyujo[*] . See Takano Iwasaburo[*]
Oka Kunio, 207
Okawa Shumei[*] , 38
Oka Yoshitake, 115
Okuma[*] Shigenobu, 138
Onishi Toshio[*] , 152 , 153 , 155
Onozuka Kiheiji, 42 , 50 , 63 , 109 ;
Nanbara Shigeru on, 66 , 114 ;
on Nazi worldview, 268 n154
Oppenheimer, Felix, 177
Osaka Asahi :
anti-Seiyukai[*] stance of, 148 , 153 , 154 ;
reports on Rice Riots, 151 -52, 276 -77 n59;
"safe nationalism" of, 160 ;
social role of, 147 -48, 154 -55;
White Rainbow Incident and, 152 -55. See also Hasegawa Nyozekan; Maruyama Kanji; Torii Sosen
Osugi Sakae[*] , 163
Otsuka Hisao[*] , as "modernist," 17 , 233 , 234 , 236
Ouchi Hyoe[*] , 44 , 69 , 156 , 205 , 221
Oyama Ikuo[*] , 154 , 156 , 162 , 186 -89, 190
Oya Soichi[*] , 207
P
Pacifism, 55 , 73 , 82
Peace Preservation Law, 20 , 21 , 63 , 186 -87
Pearl Harbor Attack, Nanbara Shigeru poem on, 111
Pittau, Joseph, on Meiji constitution, 10
Plato, 70 , 104 ;
Nanbara Shigeru's studies of, 86 -87, 99 -100
Poggi, Gianfranco, on institutional evolution, 164 , 278 n92
Polis, as political ideal in Germany and Japan, 60 , 70 , 96 , 97 , 100 , 107
Political parties (Diet):
and democratic movement, 11 , 73 , 264 n88;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 166 -68, 173 ;
under imperial system, 9 , 10 -11, 20 -22, 40 -42, 68 , 125 , 148 , 150 ;
Nanbara Shigeru on, 104 -5. See also Japanese fascism; Liberalism; Minobe Tatsukichi; Minponshugi ; Taisho[*] democracy
"Popular Front" Incident, 44 , 205
"Postwar," meaning of, and public discourse, 226 -31. See also "Modernism" and "modernists"
Potsdam Declaration, and kokutai , 224 -25
Power, Nanbara Shigeru on, 266 n130;
"privatization" of, 269 -70 n180. See also Neo-Kantians
Progress, theory of, 157 . See also Spencer, Herbert
Protestant converts (Meiji period), 7
Prussia, 65 , 90 , 92 , 125
"Public" (Ko/oyake[*] ):
and bureaucracy, 8 ;
in Chinese and Japanese tradition, 5 -6;
cult of public authority, Tokugawa origins of, 11 ;
and "private," "selfishness" of, 5 , 8 -9
Public discourse:
divisions within, under imperial system, 6 -7, 9 -10, 12 -14, 16 ;
as hegemonized by state, 8 , 14 -15;
postwar development of, 228 , 230 -31, 232 -37, 241 , 242 , 244 -45;
Tokugawa antecedents of, 7
Public men:
concept introduced, xv -xvi ;
defined, 14 , 16 -19;
postwar activities of, 244 -50
Publicness, typology of:
"communitarian," 7 ;
"imperial," 9 ;
"insider" and "outsider," 6 -7, 8 -10, 12 -16, 17 , 19 ;
journalism and, 160 -61
R
Radbruch, Gustav, 33 , 70 , 75 , 83 , 84 , 87
Radek, Karl, 193 , 194
Rees, Richard, quoted, 72 , 104
Reimeikai, 161 -62. See also YoshinoSakuzo[*]
"Return to Japan" (Nihon e no kaiki ):
by Hasegawa Nyozekan, 203 , 210 -14;
as intellectual trend, 99 -100, 101 , 189 . See also tenko[*]
Revolution:
and counterrevolution, 191 -92;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 158 , 171 , 175 , 176
Rice Riots, 21 , 63 , 148 -52;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 159
Rickert, Heinrich, 70 , 77 , 83 , 87 , 266 n126
Rikken Doshikai[*] , 197
Risshin shusse , 8 , 67 ;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 133
Roesler, Hermann, 65
Rosenberg, Alfred, attacked by Nanbara Shigeru, 95 -96. See also Nazis and Nazism
Royama[*] Masamichi:
on Hasegawa Nyozekan, 177 , 190 ;
as New Order theorist and public man, 26 , 202 , 249
Russian Revolution:
of 1905, 142 ;
of 1917, 21 , 62 -63, 72 , 146 , 161 , 190 . See also Soviet Union
Ryu Shintaro[*] , economic proposals advanced by, 26 -27
S
Saigo Takamori[*] , 9
Saigusa Hiroto, 216
Saionji Kinmochi, 39
Saisei itchi ("Worship and governance are one"), as slogan, 45 , 269 n171
Sakai Saburo[*] , 24
Sakai Toshihiko, 162 , 204 , 220
Salin, Edgar, 70
Sano Manabu, tenko of, 189 , 206 , 207
Sassa Hiroo, 216
Scheiner, Irwin, 7
Schmitt, Carl, 48 , 84 , 85
Second Coming Movement (Sairin undo[*] ). See Mukyokai[*] (Non-Church); Uchimura Kanzo[*]
Seikyosha[*] , 136 , 138 -39
Seimeitai (Life-world), in thinking of Hasegawa Nyozekan, 130 -32, 158 , 202 -3, 210
Sein and Sollen , 85 , 92
Seisho no kenkyu[*] (Uchimura), 54 , 55
Seiyukai[*] , 20 , 148 , 150 , 153 , 154 , 197 , 198 , 199
Seno Giro[*] , 24
Sexuality, Hasegawa Nyozekan on:
capitalist production and, 182 -83;
critiqued by Takamure Itsue, 184 -86;
marriage and, 182 -83;
social nature of, 181 -84;
women's rights and, 183 -84
Shakai Seisaku Gakkai, 29 , 66 . See also "Social policy" thought
Shi/watakushi ("Private"), 5
Shidehara Kijuro[*] , 224
Shiga Shigetaka, 136 , 138
Shimanaka Yusaku[*] , 216
Shimazaki Toson[*] , 217
Shimizu Ikutaro; as "modernist," 235 -36;
as "representative" public man, 247 -48
Shinjitsu wa kaku itsuwaru (Hasegawa Nyozekan), 129
Shin Nihon no shiso[*] genri . See Miki Kiyoshi
Shinomura Satoshi, 196
Shiso no Kagaku Kenkyukai[*] , 241
Shitamachi ("Downtown"), Hasegawa Nyozekan and, 133 -37
Shoji Kokichi[*] , 230 , 233
Showa crisis[*] , 19 -23
Showajuku[*] , 215 -16, 284 n211
Showa Kenkyukai[*] , 27 , 214 -16;
"exleftists" in, 216 . See also Hasegawa Nyozekan; Miki Kiyoshi
Showa[*] Restoration, 22 ;
Nanbara Shigeru on, 271 -72 n212
Siberian Expedition, and Rice Riots, 151
Singer, Kurt, 70
Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), impact on Japanese intellectuals of, 139 , 140 -41;
Uchimura Kanzo[*] and, 57
Sino-Japanese War (1937–45), 27 , 213 , 214 -16. See also China
Social democracy, and fascism, 192 -93
Socialism, 4 , 15 , 43 , 48 , 93 ;
of Fichte, Nanbara Shigeru on, 88 , 92 -97;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 174 -79. See also Marxism and Marxists
Social movements:
bureaucratic response to, 21 , 29 , 61 -63, 68 -69, 146 -48;
Christian involvement in, 62 -63;
class struggle in, and measures to prevent, 66 ;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 158 -59, 172 -73
"Social policy" thought, 62 , 69 , 263 nn71-72. See also Shakai Seisaku Gakkai
Social reconstruction, Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 157 -61, 167 -68, 172 -77. See also Taisho[*] democracy
Society and social institutions, Hasegawa Nyozekan on:
cyclical evolution, 168 -69, 173 , 174 -75;
and individual consciousness, 158 -60, 181 , 183 , 185 . See also Publicness; Sexuality; Spencer, Herbert; State, theory of
Society for the Study of Materialism. See Yuibutsuron Kenkyukai[*]
Sombart, Werner, 70
South Manchurian Railroad (Mantetsu), 189 , 198 . See also Manchuria (Manchurian Incident)
Soviet Union, 192 , 204 ;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 174 , 175 , 190
So-zange[*] (collective repentance), 243 -44
Spann, Othmar, 84
"Spatialization of history," 219 , 284 n218
Spencer, Herbert, as influence on Hasegawa Nyozekan, 137 , 157 , 163 -66, 169 , 221
Stalin, J. V., 192
Stammler, Rudolf, 70 -72, 75 , 77 , 84 ;
influence on Nanbara Shigeru of, 71 -72;
"just law" theory of, 71
State, theory of:
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 164 -77;
Minobe Tatsukichi on, 16 , 20 , 22 , 29 , 37 , 40 -42, 43 , 45 -46, 68 , 97 , 105 , 201 -2;
Nanbara Shigeru on, 60 , 80 -83, 88 -89, 91 -92, 100 -102. See also Fichte, J. G.; Hobhouse, L. T.; Kant, Immanuel; Meiji state
State service, attitudes toward, 39 -40;
and tenko[*] , 24 -25, 202
Subjectivity, in postwar public discourse, 231 , 235 , 242 , 243
Suenobu Sanji, 115
Sugimura Takeshi, 152 , 153 , 154
Suginaka Shukichi, 153
Sugiura Jugo[*] , 136 , 138
Suzuki Bunji, 62 , 151
Suzuki Shoten[*] (firm), 149
Suzuki Takeo, 115
T
Tai Shin'ichi, 153 , 155
Taisho democracy, period of, 20 -23, 61 -63, 73 -74, 144 -46;
and relationship to Showa crisis, 20 -22
Tajima Kinji, 142
Takagi Sokichi[*] , 117 -19;
on civilian peace efforts, 271 n210
Takagi Yasaka, 115 , 116 , 119
Takahashi Kazumi, 246
Takamure Itsue, 184 -86
Takano Iwasaburo[*] , 69 , 141 , 155 -56
Takayama Chogyu[*] , 132
Takekoshi Yosaburo[*] , 216
Takeuchi Kakuji, 39
Takeuchi Yoshimi, on "Japanese ideology," 245 , 246 , 247
Takigawa Yukitoki (Takigawa Incident), 38 , 44
Tanabe Hajime:
critiqued by Nanbara Shigeru, 106 ;
and writing of Zangedo[*] toshite no tetsugaku , 30 , 229 , 242 -44
Tanabe Koichi[*] , 204
Tanaka Hiroshi, 190
Tanaka Kotaro[*] , 46 , 47 , 48 , 115 ;
career in brief, 257 -58 n51
Teikoku Daigaku Shinbun , 48 , 50
Tenko[*] (Ideological apostasy), 17 , 24 -26, 44 , 189 , 203 ;
by JCP members, 202 , 209 ;
by Hasegawa Nyozekan, question of, 203 -22
Terauchi Masatake, 21 , 150 , 152 , 153
Thalheimer, August, 193
Tillich, Paul, 70
Togo Shigenori[*] , 116 , 119
Tojo Hideki[*] , poems by Nanbara Shigeru on, 110 -11
Tokko[*] (Special Higher Police), 207
Tokonami Takejiro[*] , 63
Tokutomi Soho[*] , 138 , 140 , 146
Tokyo Hogakuin[*] , 141
Tokyo Imperial University (Todai[*] ), 36 , 39 , 141 , 155 , 156 , 201 ;
Economics Faculty, 36 , 46 -48, 51 ;
Hasegawa Nyozekan on, 165 ;
"Hiraga Purge" of, 46 -47;
Law Faculty (Hogakubu[*] ), 45 -51, 73 , 114 -15;
Literature Faculty, 49 ;
Nanbara Shigeru and, 63 , 114 -15, 120 ;
and Warera , 155
Tokyo Nichinichi , on Hasegawa Nyozekan, quoted, 207
Tolstoy, L. N., 158 , 175 -76, 203
Tomizu Incidents, 46 , 259 -60 n22
Torii Sosen, 144 , 153 -54
Tosaka Jun, 126 , 205 , 207 , 213
Toyama Mitsuru[*] , 36 , 197
Tripartite Pact (1940), 49 ;
Nanbara Shigeru poem on, 110
Troeltsch, Ernst, 75 , 76
Tsubouchi Shoyo[*] , 133 , 136 , 143
Tsuda Sokichi[*] , 49 -51, 217
Tsurumi Yusuke[*] , 151
U
Uchida Ryohei[*] , 161 , 197
Uchimura Kanzo[*] ; on Germany, quoted, 263 n79;
and Nanbara Shigeru, 52 , 53 , 54 -59, 95 , 107 , 108 , 262 n56;
Second Coming Movement, 55 , 56 , 73 . See also Mukyokai[*] (Non-Church)
Ueki Emori, 52
Uesugi Shinkichi, 37 -38, 120
Ugaki Kazushige (Issei), 116 , 117 , 119 ;
Nanbara Shigeru poem on, 110
Ui Jun, as public man, 246 -47
"Ultranationalism," Maruyama Masao on, 102
Universality, in postwar public discourse, 228 , 231 , 235 , 237 , 250
Universal male suffrage, 63 , 161 -62, 167 -68, 186 -87, 188
Uno Kozo[*] , 44
U.S.-Japan Security Treaty of 1960, demonstrations against, 236 , 238
V
Vichy regime, 31
Von Moltke, Helmut, 121 , 122
Vorländer, Karl, 70
W
Wagatsuma Sakae, 115
Wakatsuki Reijiro[*] , 115 , 197 , 198
Wakimura Yoshitaro[*] , 205
Wakukawa Seiyei, quoted, 150 -51
Walicki, Andrzej, quoted, 203
Wallas, Graham, 69
Warera :
editorial principles, 157 -61;
founding, 155 ;
groups associated with, 155 -56;
mentioned, 129 , 130 , 179 , 186 , 187 , 203 ;
and Morito Tatsuo, 156 ;
transition to Hihan , 189 -91
Waseda University, 186
Watsuji Tetsuro[*] , 30 , 103 , 217
"Way of the Subject," and New Order, 10
Weber, Max, 75 , 121 , 234 ;
quoted, 255 n14
Weil, Simone, xviii -xix, 31 , 104
Weimar Republic, 72 -77;
collapse of, contrasted to imperial Japan, 85 ;
crisis of philosophy during, 74 -77, 84 -85. See also Neo-Kantians
West, the:
assumption of congruence between Japan and, 28 -29, 97 ;
and communitarian vs. individualist, 86 ;
Japan and, Nanbara Shigeru on, 97 , 99 -100, 112 ;
significance of, for public men, 17 -18, 29 -30
White Rainbow Incident. See Osaka Asahi
Windelband, Wilhelm, 70 , 77 , 87 , 97
Women, Hasegawa Nyozekan on. See Sexuality
X
Xunzi, quoted by Hasegawa Nyozekan, 130
Y
Yabe Teiji, 26 , 49 , 115 , 116 -20, 216 , 238 , 249 , 271 n207
Yamaji Aizan, 12 , 132
Yamamoto Senji, murder of, 187
Yamamoto Shogetsu (brother of Nyozekan), 140 , 142 , 143
Yamamoto Take (mother of Nyozekan), 155
Yamamoto Tokujiro[*] (father of Nyozekan), 134 -35, 137
Yamanote ("Uptown"), in Hasegawa Nyozekan's childhood, 133 -37
Yamaryo[*] Kenji, on Hasegawa Nyozekan, 203 , 209 , 212 -13, 217 , 219 , 221
Yamazaki Kesaya, as outsider, 12
Yamazaki Masakazu, 65 , 261 n51
Yanagida Kunio, 217
Yanaihara Tadao, 24 , 47 , 113 , 261 n54
Yan Fu, 6
Yeroshenko, Vassili, 162 -63
Yonai Mitsumasa, 116 , 117
Yoshida Shigeru, 117 , 120
Yoshimitsu Yoshihiko, 32 , 261 n54
Yoshimoto Takaaki, 236
Yoshino Sakuzo[*] , 9 , 16 , 20 , 29 , 38 , 63 , 68 , 154 , 161 -62, 201 , 204 . See also Minponshugi ; Reimeikai
Yoshino Shinji, 18 , 27 , 256 n29
"Young Officers," 9 , 196 , 269 -70 n180
Yuaikai[*] , 62 , 63 , 151
Yuibutsuron Kenkyukai[*] , 204 -7, 216
Z
Zaiya ("Outside"), in thinking of Fukuzawa Yukichi, 6 -7
Zetkin, Clara, 193 , 194
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