Selected Bibliography

Primary Sources

Personal Interviews (June 1982)

W. J. P. Carr, Manager, Non-European Affairs Department (Johannesburg), 1952–69

F. Rodseth, Under-Secretary, 1944–1954

Past official of the Department of Native Affairs who wishes to remain anonymous

Manuscripts

Cape Town City Council. “Annual Minute of the Mayor” , 1950–1955.

Carter-Karis Collection (CKC). Documents on microfilm. Northwestern University.

Johannesburg, City of. Non-European Affairs Department (NEAD). “Survey of Western Areas of Johannesburg, 1950.”

Johannesburg City Council. “Annual Report of the Manager of the Non-European Affairs Department, 1949–1959.”

——————. “Report of the Commission Appointed by the City Council of Johannesburg to Enquire into the Causes and Circumstances of the Riots Which Took Place in the Vicinity of Dube Hostel in the South-Western Townships over the Week-end 14th–15th September, 1957 [Centlivres Commission]. March–April 1958.”

Naturellesake (NTS). Archives of the Department of Native Affairs. Central Archives Depot, Pretoria. (Note: Although extensive use was made of NTS records, the fifty-year archival ban made it extremely difficult to access documents later than the mid-1950s.)

[Tomlinson] Commission on the Socio-Economic Development of the Native Areas within the Union of South Africa. Record of Evidence. University of South Africa, Pretoria.

A. B. Xuma Papers. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

Newspapers

Africa South, 1959–60

Bantu, 1950–58

Commercial Opinion, 1950–54

Contact, 1958–60

Manufacturer, 1949–54

New Age, 1957–60

South African Builder, 1949–55

South African Digest, 1961

Government Documents

Republic of South Africa. Department of Bantu Administration and Development. Report, 1960–62. Government Printers, RP 78 (1964).

——————. Report, 1964. RP 14 (1966).

——————. Report, 1967. RP 48 (1969).

Transkeian Territories General Council (TTGC). Proceedings. 1926.

Union of South Africa. “Memorandum Explaining the Background and Objects of the Promotion of the Bantu Self-Government Bill, 1959.” White Paper 3 (1959).

——————. Notes on Conference between Municipalities and Native Affairs Department Held at Pretoria on 28 and 29 September 1937 to Discuss the Provisions of the Native Laws Amendment Act (No. 46 of 1937). Government Printers, UG 56 (1937).

——————. Public Service List, 1947–1954. Government Printers.

——————. Report of the Departmental Committee Appointed to Enquire into and Report upon the Question of Residence of Natives in Urban Areas and Certain Proposed Amendments of the Native Urban Areas Act, No 21 of 1923. Mimeo, 1935.

——————. Report of the Native Affairs Commission Appointed to Enquire into the Working of the Provisions of the Natives (Urban Areas) Act Relating to the Use and Supply of Kaffir Beer. Pretoria, 1942.

——————. Summary of the Report of the Commission for the Socio-economic Development of Bantu Areas within the Union of South Africa. [Tomlinson Commission]. Government Printers, UG 61 (1955).

Union of South Africa, Bantu Affairs Commission. Report, 1957–1960. Government Printers, UG 36 (1961).

Union of South Africa, Department of Bantu Affairs and Development (DBAD). Report, 1958–59,. Government Printers, UG 51 (1960).

Union of South Africa, Department of Information. “The Transkei: Emancipation without Chaos.” N.d.

Union of South Africa, Department of Native Affairs (DNA). Report. Government Printers, UG 7 (1919).

——————. Report, 1944–45. Government Printers, UG 1 (1945).

——————. Report, 1945–47. Government Printers, UG 14 (1948).

——————. Report, 1947–48. Government Printers, UG 35 (1949).

——————. Report, 1948–49. Government Printers, UG 51 (1950).

——————. Report, 1949–50. Government Printers, UG 61 (1951).

——————. Report, 1950–51. Government Printers, UG 30 (1953).

——————. Report, 1951–52. Government Printers, UG 37 (1955).

——————. Report, 1952–53. Government Printers, UG 48 (1955).

——————. Report, 1953–54. Government Printers, UG 53 (1956).

——————. Report, 1954–57. Government Printers, UG 14 (1959).

Union of South Africa, House of Assembly. House of Assembly Debates [HAD], 1950–58. Government Printers.

Union of South Africa, Industrial and Agricultural Labour Requirements Commission. Third Interim Report. Government Printers, UG 40 (1941).

Union of South Africa, Interdepartmental Committee on the Social, Health and Economic Conditions of Urban Natives [Smit Committee]. Report. Government Printers, S 7272 (1942–44).

Union of South Africa, National Housing and Planning Commission (NHPC). Annual Report, 1947–1954. Government Printers.

Union of South Africa, National Housing and Planning Commission (NHPC) and National Housing Office (NHO). Joint Annual Report, 1954–55. Government Printers, UG 49 (1956).

Union of South Africa, Native Affairs Commission (NAC). Report, 1937–38. Government Printers, UG 54 (1939).

——————. Report, 1948–52. Government Printers, UG 36 (1954).

——————. Report, 1953–54. Government Printers, UG 58 (1954).

——————. Report, 1954. Government Printers, UG 55 (1955).

——————. Report, 1955–56. Government Printers, UG 37 (1958).

——————. Report, 1957–60. Government Printers, UG 36 (1961).

Union of South Africa, Native Economic Commission (NEC). Report. Government Printers, UG 22 (1932).

Union of South Africa, Native Farm Labour Committee. Report, 1937–39,. Government Printers, 1939.

Union of South Africa, Native Laws Commission. Report. Government Printers, UG 26 (1948).

Union of South Africa, Native Resettlement Board. Report, 1954–55. Government Printers, UG 58 (1955).

——————. Report, 1956–57. Government Printers, UG 17 (1958).

Union of South Africa, Senate. Senate Debates [SD], 1950–58. Government Printers.

Union of South Africa, Social and Economic Planning Council. Aspects of Public Service Organisation and Employment. Report No. 3. Government Printers, UG 15 (1944).

——————. Regional and Town Planning. Report No. 5. Government Printers, UG 34 (1944).

——————. The Future of Farming in South Africa. Report No. 4. Government Printers, UG 10 (1945)

——————. The Native Reserves and Their Place in the Economy of South Africa. Report No. 9. Government Printers, UG 32 (1946).

Union of South Africa, South African Native Affairs Commission [SANAC]. Report of the SANAC, 1903–5. 4 vols. Cape Town: Government Printer, 1905.

Union of South Africa, Transvaal Local Government Commission. Report. TP 1 (1922).

Union of South Africa, Witwatersrand Mine Natives’ Wages Commission. Report. Government Printers, UG 21 (1944).

United Transkeian Territories General Council (UTTGC). Proceedings. 1931–55.

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Ainsley, R. Masters and Serfs: Farm Labour in South Africa. London, 1977.

Anderson, B. Imagined Communities. Verso Books, 1988.

Anderson, P. “The Antinomies of Antonio Gramsci.” New Left Review, 100 (November 1976–January 1977).

Arden-Clarke, C. [Sir] “The Changing Rôle of White Leadership in Tropical Africa.” Optima, December 1960.

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Ballinger, M. All Union Politics are Native Affairs. South African Affairs Pamphlet 4.Johannesburg, 1944.

——————. From Union to Apartheid: A Trek to Isolation. Johannesburg, 1969.

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Beinart, W., and Bundy, C. “State Intervention and Rural Resistance: The Transkei, 1900–1965.” In M. Klein (ed.), Peasants in Africa: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Beverley Hills, 1975.

——————. Hidden Struggles in Rural South Africa: Politics and Popular Movements in the Transkei and Eastern Cape, 1890–1930. London, 1987.

Bekker, S., and Humphries, R. From Control to Confusion: The Changing Role of Administration Boards in South Africa. Pietermaritzburg, 1985.

Bell, M. M. S. “The Politics of Administration: A Study of the Career of Dr. D. L. Smit with Special Reference to His Work in the Department of Native Affairs, 1934–1945.” Master’s thesis, Rhodes University, 1980.

Bell, T. Industrial Decentralisation in South Africa. Cape Town, 1968.

——————. “Migrant Labour, Theory and Policy.” South African Journal of Economics, 40/4 (1972).

Bellwood, W. A. Whither the Transkei. Cape Town, 1964.

Benson, M. “The Badge of Slavery.” Pamphlet. Johannesburg, 1960.

——————. Chief Albert Lutuli of South Africa. Oxford, 1963.

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——————. Revising State Theory: Essays in Politics and Post-Industrialism. Philadelphia, 1987.

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——————. The Political Nature of a Ruling Class: Capital and Ideology in South Africa,. 1890–1933. London, 1981.

—————— . (ed. ) “ Capital and the State in South Africa.” Review of African Political Economy, 11 (1978).

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——————. “Getting Away with Murder: ‘Mielie Kings,’ the State and Foreigners in the Eastern Transvaal.” In P. Bonner, P. Delius, and D. Posel (eds.), Apartheid’s Genesis. Johannesburg, 1993.

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Brewer, J. Black and Blue: Policing in South Africa. Oxford, 1994.

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——————. The Political Future of South Africa. Pretoria, 1927.

——————. The Colour Problems of South Africa. Lovedale, 1934.

——————. White Rule in South Africa, 1830–1910. Pietermaritzburg, 1974.

——————. (ed.). Coming of Age: Studies on South African Citizenship and Politics. Cape Town, 1930.

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——————. The Rise of the South African Reich. Harmondsworth, 1969.

——————. “The Origins of Apartheid.” In A. La Guma (ed.), Apartheid: A Collection of Writings on South African Racism by South Africans. London, 1972.

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Calderwood, D. M. Native Housing in South Africa. Johannesburg, 1953.

——————. “An Approach to Low Cost Urban Native Housing in South Africa.” The Town Planning Review, 24/4 (1954).

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Callinicos, A. Gold and Workers: A Peoples’ History of South Africa. Johannesburg, 1991.

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Carter, G. The Politics of Inequality: South Africa since 1948. London, 1958.

Carter, G., Karis, T., and Stultz, N. South Africa’s Transkei: Domestic Colonialism. Evanston, 1967.

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——————. “Peasants, Capitalists and Historians: A Review Article.” Journal of Southern African Studies, 7/2 (1981).

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——————. The Athens Charter. Trans. A. Eardley. New York, 1973.

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——————. “The Triumph of Colonel Stallard: The Transformation of the Natives (Urban Areas) Act between 1923 and 1937.” South African Historical Journal, 2 (1970).

——————. “The Beginnings of Urban Segregation in South Africa: The Natives (Urban Areas) Act of 1923 and Its Background.” Occasional Paper 15, Institute for Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University, 1971.

——————. The Smuts Government and the Africans, 1939–1948. Vol. 5 of Societies of Southern Africa in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. London, 1975.

——————. South Africa: A Modern History. London, 1977; reprint, Toronto and Buffalo, 1991.

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——————. “The State, Capital and Labour Allocation: The Johannesburg Municipality, 1948–1962.” Africa Perspective, 12 (1979).

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———. Racial Segregation and the Origins of Apartheid in South Africa, 1919–1936. Oxford, 1989.

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——————. “The Native in the Western Cape.” Journal of Racial Affairs, 6/3 (1955).

——————. “The Demand for and the Supply of Bantu Labour,” . Bantu, 5 (1958).

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——————. “Urban Areas.” In E. Hellman (ed.), Handbook on Race Relations in South Africa. London, 1949.

——————. Sellgoods: A Sociological Survey of African Commercial Labour Force. Johannesburg, 1953.

——————. “Soweto—Johannesburg’s African City.” Address given to the Natal region of the South African Institute of Race Relations, 1967.

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——————. (ed.). Handbook on Race Relations. Cape Town, 1949.

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——————. Pass Controls and the Urban African Proletariat in South Africa. Johannesburg, 1987.

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——————. South African Native Policy and the Liberal Spirit. Johannesburg, 1945.

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——————. A Survey of Race Relations, 1959–60. Johannesburg, 1961.

——————. A Survey of Race Relations, 1962. Johannesburg, 1963.

——————. Bantu Education to 1968. Johannesburg, 1968.

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