Preferred Citation: Clarke, Adele E. Disciplining Reproduction: Modernity, American Life Sciences, and the Problems of Sex. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8d5nb4tm/


 


411

INDEX

A

Abbott Laboratories, 224 -25

Aberle, S., 93 , 94 , 97 -98, 102 , 109 , 137 -38, 151 , 192 , 240 -41, 283

Abir-Am, P., 15 , 111 , 114 , 144 , 235 , 268 , 272

Abortion, 20 , 234 , 241

ACTH

See Andrenocorticotropic hormone

Actor network theory, 267

Advances in Fertility Control , 140

Agate, F., 131

Agriculture, 40 -46

biology and, 31

division of labor and, 78

history of, 40

institutionalization of, 41

reproductive services and, 159 -62, 252

Agricultural Research Council, British, 146

AIDS, and contraception, 247

Albaugh, R., 278

Albright, F., 193 , 283

Alexander, N., 200 , 322

Allen, B., 312

Allen, E., 77 -78, 83 -84, 87 -88, 114 , 121 , 124 , 130 , 136 , 139 , 144 , 151 , 162 , 179 -80, 182 , 184 , 191 -92, 214 , 221 , 239

Allen, W., 87 , 130 , 151 , 281

American Association for Andrology, 40

American Association for the Advancement of Science, 144

American Association of Agricultural Colleges, 42

American Association of Anatomists, 36 , 140

American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 37 -38

American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists, 36

American Birth Control League (ABC League), 55 , 140 , 172 , 173 , 175

American Breeders' Association, 42 -43

American Breeders' Magazine , 42

American Dairy Science Association, 42 , 140

American Eugenics Society, 180 , 184

American Foundation, 145 -46

American Genetics Association, 43

American Gynecological Society, 37 -38, 140 , 176

American Journal of Anatomy , 140 , 301 n29

American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children , 72

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 72 , 140

American Journal of Physiology , 84 , 140

American Journal of the Medical Sciences , 140

American Meat Packers Association, 223

American Medical Association, 36 -37, 101 , 143 , 177 , 214

American Medical Society, 140

American Medical Women's Association, 230

American Neurological Association, 114

American Physiological Society, 36 , 84 , 140


412

American Poultry Science Association, 42

American Social Hygiene Association, 94

American Society for Clinical Investigation, 36

American Society for Experimental Pathology, 36

American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 36

American Society for the Study of Sterility, 140 , 145

American Society of Animal Nutrition, 43 -44, 140

American Society of Animal Production, 43 -44, 140

American Society of Biological Chemistry, 35 , 140

American Society of Microbiology, 34

American Society of Naturalists, 34

American Society of Zoologists, 34 , 43 , 155

American Veterinary Medical Association, 42 , 140

American Zoological Society, 140

American Zoologist , 140

Amoroso, E. C., 127 , 153 , 158

Anatomical Record , 140 , 301 n29

Anatomy, 33

Andrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 133

Andrew M. Mellon Foundation, 216

Andrews, F., 151

Andrology, 40

Anesthesia, 36

Animal agriculture, 42 -46, 150 -51, 159 -62, 210 , 246 -47

Animal Reproduction Science , 140

Annual Review of Physiology , 140

Appel, T., 35 , 239 , 292 -94

Arenas, 15 -17, 236 , 265 -69

Armour and Company, 224

Aronson, N., 235 , 255 , 267

Arrowsmith (Lewis), 249

Artificial insemination, 45 , 159 , 250

Aschheim, S., 148

Asdell, S. A., 45 , 53 , 131 , 143 , 148 , 151

Association of Experiment Station Veterinarians, 42

Association for the Study of Internal Secretions, 140

Association of Morphologists, 140

Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 42

Atwell, W., 283

B

Backman, C., 214

Bagg, H., 197

Bailey's Textbook of Histology , 152

Bailey, H., 197 , 217

Bajema, C., 55

Baker, J., 188 -89

Baldwin, B., 150 , 283

Bann, S., 251 , 271

Banting, F., 65

Bard, P., 283

Barker, L. F., 112

Bartelmez, G., 79 , 125 , 150

Baskin, M. J., 175 , 198

Baszanger, I., 146 , 266

Bates, R. W., 150

Bateson, W., 55

Baulieu, E. E., 244

Bayliss, W., 65

Becker, H., 242

Beef, DES and, 246

Bell Curve, The , 242

Bell, S., 158 , 192

Bernard, C., 47

Berthold, A. A., 53 , 65

Best, C., 65

Bibliography of Reproduction , 140

Biggers, J., 155 , 256 , 278

Bijker, W., 164

Biochemistry, 48 , 110

Biogeography, 76

Biological Bulletin , 35 , 140 , 301 n29

Biological research, 32 -35, 46 , 51

and reproductive sciences, 157

Biology of Reproduction , 43 , 140 , 145 , 262

Biomedicalization, 275

Biopower, 8

Birth control, 3 , 6 , 18 , 21 , 26 -27, 163 -206

activism and, 54 -55, 163 , 169 , 171 -85, 203 , 219

American Medical Association and, 177

artificial insemination and, 45

axioms of, 204

clinics and, 202

demography and, 54 -59

eugenics and, 54 -59

feminists and, 55 , 163 , 171 -85, 203 , 219

history of, 166 -70, 185 -200

hormonal, 190

illegitimacy of, 201

modern, 163

oral contraception, 56 ,


413

170 , 194 , 201 , 246

reproductive science and, 163 -66. 185 -206, 263

requirements of, 188

Rockefeller philanthropy and, 181 -83

simple versus scientific, 170

vaccines, 247

Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau, 174

Birth Control Federation, 173 , 185 , 219

Birth Control Investigation Committee, 188

Birth Control Review , 140 , 179

Bishop, K., 151

Bissonette, T., 214 , 283

Blacker, C. P., 56

Blake, J., 296

Blakeslee, A. F., 150 , 283

Blandau, R., 283

Bliss, M., 143

Borell, M., 22 , 43 , 48 , 64 -66, 74 , 83 , 131 , 134 , 175 , 177 , 182 , 188 , 243

Botanical Society of America, 34

Boundaries, 16 , 18 -21, 91 -92, 117 -18, 269 -71

Bourdieu, P., 267

Bowman, I., 214

Brackett, B., 159 , 198

"Brave New Worlds," 248 -53

Breeding Industry, The (Heape), 70

Brinkley, J., 244

Brinster, G. T., 253

Brinster, R. L., 253

British Medical Journal , 243

Britton, S., 283

Brodie, J., 77 , 168

Brouha, L., 144

Brown, J. H., 217

Brown-Séquard, C. E., 65 -66, 116 , 126 , 242 -43, 245

Bryant, L., 218

BSH.

See Bureau of Social Hygiene

Bucher, R., 266

Bugos, G., 92 , 159

Bullough, V., 54 , 99 , 196

Bureau of Animal Husbandry, 214

Bureau of Animal Industry, 41 -42, 45

Bureau of Social Hygiene, 90 , 92 -93, 98 , 106 , 108 , 177 , 182 , 190 , 211 , 213 , 216

Burroughs, W., 124 , 246

Busch, L., 45

Bush, G., 257

Butenant, A., 256

Byerly, T. C., 44

C

Cairo Conference, 203

Calderone, M., 204

Cangi, E., 292 -93

Cannon, W., 52 , 96 , 150 , 183 , 213 , 281 , 283

Carmichael, D., 287 , 303 , 315

Carnegie Contributions to Embryology , 140 , 220

Carnegie Corporation, 210

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 35

Carnegie Institution of Washington, 34 , 140 , 264

Carrell, A., 244

Casida, L. E., 151

Cassidy, C., 252

Certified Milk Producers' Association, 214

Chang, M. C., 123 , 151 , 193 , 195 , 238

Chemistry and Physics of Contraception (Voge), 218

Chesler, E., 55 , 169 , 171 , 173 , 194 , 217

Child, C., 88

Chubin, D., 140

Churchill, F., 35 , 67 -68

CIBA, 224 -25

Clarke, A., 51 , 114 , 145 , 147 , 165 , 224 , 266 -67, 278

Cloning, 234 , 251 , 253

Coghill, G., 220

Cohen, S., 156

Colborn, C., 253

Cole, H. H., 4 , 45 , 84 , 148 -49, 151 , 153

Cole, L. J., 77 , 79 -80, 133 , 148 , 151 , 181 , 221 , 283 -85

Coleman, W., 47 , 53 , 92

Comstock Act, 168 , 176 , 187

Conklin, E. G., 33 , 96 , 281

Control of Conception (Bryant), 218

Controlling life, 24 -27, 273 -76

Controversy: boundaries and, 18 -21, 269 -71

consequences of, 256

illegitimacy and, 18 -21, 233 -58, 269 -71

Corner, G., 4 , 10 , 37 , 39 , 77 , 79 , 83 -84, 87 , 93 -94, 97 -98, 102 , 109 , 116 , 124 -25, 130 -31, 137 -38, 146 -47, 151 , 158 , 220 -21, 225 , 240 -41, 256 , 281 , 283

Cott, N., 172

Cowdry, E. V., 136

Cowles, B., 133 -35

Crafts, R., 124

Cravens, H., 43 , 84


414

Crew, F. A. E., 73 , 81 , 143 , 153 , 177 , 187 , 190 , 192

Cryogenic research, 160

Cunningham, R., 283

Cupps, P., 45 , 159 , 278

Cushing, H., 243

Cytology, 32 , 48 , 67 -68

D

D'Arsonval, A. D., 65

Dalkon Shield, 196

Danforth, C. H., 80 , 124 , 143

Darwin, C., 86

Davis, K. B., 94 , 96 , 106 , 182 , 197 , 281

Demography, 30 , 54 -59

Dennett, M. W., 172

Depo-Provera, 170 , 246

DES.

See Diethylstilbestrol

DHEA, 244

Dickinson, R. L., 176 -77, 181 , 186 , 195 , 197 , 216 -18

Dienes, C. T., 169 , 241 , 253

Diethylstilbestrol (DES), 6 , 160 , 245 -46

Disciplinary technologies, 165 , 205

Discipline formation, 14 -15, 20 , 265 -69

Disciplining, 7 -8, 25 , 273 -76

Djerassi, C., 192 , 194 -95, 255 , 257

Doability of reproduction research, 85 -88

Doisy, E., 65 , 77 -78, 83 , 87 , 124 , 130 , 151 , 214 , 225

Domm, L. V., 150 , 154

Donaldson, P., 196 , 200 , 216 , 228 , 247

Duden, B., 8 , 275

Dunham, L. B., 104 , 106 -7, 181 -82

E

East, E. M., 172 , 179

Eastman, N., 193 , 199

Ebert, J., 220

Economic ethic of fertility, 173 , 276

Eggs of Animals (Pincus), 220

Ehrhardt, A., 128

Eisenhower, D., 202

Eisenstadt v. Baird , 169

Ellis, H., 91

Embree, E., 104 , 107 , 222

Embryology, 32 , 48

cytology and, 67

developmental, 66 -69

reproductive sciences and, 66 -69, 78 -85

Endocrine Society, 140 , 142 -43, 225

Endocrinology, general, 22 , 48 , 110

emergence of, 64 -66

problems in, 74

reproductive scientists and, 129 -36

Endocrinology, reproductive, 22 , 147

contraception and, 192 -95

heroic age of, 121 -29

intersection with general, 129 -36

periodicals on, 142

research and, 108

Endocrinology , 140 , 212 , 262

Engle, E. E., 109 , 124 , 131 , 189 -90, 193 , 222

Entomological Society of America, 34

Erikson, E., 105

Estes, C., 17

Estrogen "replacement" therapy, 6 , 245

Estrone, 224

Estrus cycle, 71 , 73 , 77 , 78 , 88 , 123 , 147

Eugenics, 6 , 18 , 27 , 30 , 271

birth control and, 54 -59

demography and, 54 -59

Great Depression and, 179

Neo-Malthusianism and, 178 -81

social development and, 112

Eugenics Society, British, 185 , 188

Evans, H. M., 65 , 77 , 83 -84, 87 , 124 , 133 -35, 143 , 148 , 151 , 217 , 222 , 225 , 243 , 252 , 254 , 256 , 271 , 283

Evolution, 66 -69, 86

Ewart, C., 71

Ewing, L., 278

F

Fairchild, H. P., 58 , 181 , 183 -84

Family planning, 174 , 184 -85, 203

Family Planning Act of 1970, 203

Farley, J., 128 , 239

Fausto-Sterling, A., 24 , 82 , 128

Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 35

Feedback theory, 122

Feminists, 22

birth control and, 55 , 163 , 203

maternal health and, 37

social constructions and, 127

welfare and, 172

See also specific leaders

Fenn, W., 281

Fertility and Sterility , 140 , 145

Fertilization, 12 , 45 , 69 , 76 , 88 , 248

Fetal tissue research, 250

Fevold, H. L., 87 , 124 , 148

Flexner, A., 35 -36

Flexner, S., 179

Flutmann, C. F., 150 , 283

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 126 , 133 , 148


415

Folsome, C., 219

Ford Foundation, 139 , 208 , 211 , 216 , 226 -28, 264

Fosdick, R. B., 107 , 182

Foster, G., 131

Foucault, M., 14 , 25 , 90 , 164 -65

biopower and, 8

disciplinary technologies and, 205

hysterical woman and, 224 , 230 , 270

knowledge production and, 30

Malthusian couple and, 230 , 263 , 269

sexology and, 18

Frank, R. T., 143 , 217 , 283

Franklin, S., 20 , 271 , 276

Freemartin research, 3 , 79 -82, 86 -88

Freud, S., 91 , 126 , 244

Friedman, M., 283

Frontiers in Reproduction and Fertility Control , 139

FSH.

See Follicle-stimulating hormone

Fujimura, J., 51 , 85 , 258 , 266

Fulbright amendment, 203

Funding, 76 , 207 -30

genetics and, 76

industrial sponsorship and, 223 -25

reproductive sciences, 207 -30

See also specific foundations, organizations

Funk, C., 124

G

Gaines, W., 77

Galton, F., 55

Gamble, C., 177 , 189 , 196 , 218

Geison, G., 47 , 239

Gender, 9 , 21 -24, 125 -28, 272 -73

Genentech, 252

Generation, 8

Genetics, 21

conceptualization of, 68

developmental embryology and, 66 -69

funding and, 76

screening, 251 , 275 -76

See also Embryology; Eugenics

Genetics , 35 , 43

Genetics of Sexuality in Animals (Crew), 73

Genetics Society of America, 43

GH.

See Growth hormone

Gieryn, T., 235

Gilbert, S., 88

Glaser, B., 278

Goldman, E., 171

Gordon, L., 54 -56, 59 , 113 , 170 -71, 173 , 175 , 184 -85, 241

Gore, A., 253

Goss, H., 151

Grafenberg, E., 195

Granovetter, M., 146 , 273

Great Depression, 173 , 179

Green, W. W., 151

Greenhalgh, S., 113 , 143 , 250 , 267

Greep, R., 86 , 124 , 130 , 133 , 139 , 148 , 150 -51, 159 , 184 , 195 , 208 , 224 , 228 , 257 , 264 , 278

Gregg, A., 52 , 111 , 115

Gregory, W., 133

Greulich, W. W., 151 , 221

Griswold v. Connecticut , 169

Growth hormone (GH), 133 , 252

Gustavson, R. G., 150 , 283 , 283

Guttmacher, A., 151 , 199

Guyer, W. F., 198 , 217

Gynecology, 38 , 40 , 157 -59, 245 -48

H

Halban, J., 83

Haldane, J. B. S., 249

Hall, D., 22 , 26 , 93 , 114 , 274

Hammond, J., 45 , 74 , 143 , 193

Hand, A., 168

Haraway, D., 93 , 222

Hard, M., 165 , 205

Harris, J. W., 217

Harrison, R., 85 , 87 , 221

Harrower, H., 124

Hart, G., 148 -49, 151

Hartmann, C., 77 -78, 84 , 125 , 144 , 149 , 151 , 155 , 158 , 181 , 189 -91, 194 , 218 , 225 , 240 , 283

Hartouni, V., 252

Hatch Act, 41

Health Organization of the League of Nations, 144

Heape, W., 70 , 125 , 193

Heitmann, H., 278

Heredity, 66 -69, 71 -72, 86

Herman, H., 151 , 159 -60

Hertz, R., 139 , 227

Hilario, A., 283

Hirschfeld, M., 91

Hisaw, F. L., 87 , 124 , 133 , 144 , 150 -51, 222 , 254 , 283

Histology, 33

Hoagland, H., 5

Hogben, L., 43

Hormones, 48 , 81 , 122

Hoskins, R., 212

Houssay, B., 254 -56

Howard, E., 283


416

Huggins, C., 150 , 283

Hughes, E., 17 , 238

Human Betterment Foundation, 184

Human Fertility , 140

Human Genome Initiative, 276

Human Sex Anatomy (Dickinson), 218

Human/nonhuman distinction, 26

Humphrey, R., 283

Hunter, J., 238

Huxley, A., 248 -53

Hygienic Laboratory, 209

Hypophysectomy, 86 , 133 , 152

Hysterical woman, 19 , 224 , 270

I

IAMP.

See Institute of American Meat Packers

Illegitimacy, 29 -30, 92 , 233 -58

boundaries and, 18 -21, 269 -71

consequences of, 256 -58

controversy and, 18 -21, 269 -71

managing, 254 -56

reproductive science and, 52 -54, 264

See also Legitimacy

Immunological tolerance, 81

Immunoreproduction, 199

Implants, 247

See also Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)

Implicated actors, 16

Index Catalogue of America's National Library of Medicine , 23

Industrial sponsorship, reproductive sciences and, 223 -25

Infertility treatment, 234

Ingle, D., 79

Institute of American Meat Packers (IAMP), 223

Institute of Animal Genetics, 187

Institute of Race Biology, 112 -14

Internal secretions, study of (diagram), 132

International Conference on Sex Hormones (First), 144

International Congress for Sex Research, 176

International Congress on the Standardization of Sex Hormones (First), 127

International Fertility Association, 140

International Journal of Fertility , 140

International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conferences, 57 , 191

International Planned Parenthood Federation, 57 , 140 , 185

International Union for the Scientific Investigation of Population, 57

Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD), 6 , 170 , 195 -96, 246

IUD.

See Intrauterine contraceptive device

J

Jaffe, F., 139 , 184 , 195 , 224 , 228 , 257 , 264

John Hopkins Hospital Bulletin , 140

Johnson, L. B., 256

Johnson, V., 116 , 182

Journal of Agricultural Science , 42 , 72

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association , 140

Journal of Anatomy , 301 n29

Journal of Andrology , 40

Journal of Animal Science , 43 , 140

Journal of Biological Chemistry , 140

Journal of Biology , 301 n29

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology , 140

Journal of Comparative Neurology and Zoology , 35

Journal of Contraception , 140 , 174

Journal of Dairy Science , 42 , 140

Journal of Endocrinology , 301 n29

Journal of Experimental Medicine , 301 n29

Journal of Experimental Zoology , 35 , 140 , 301 n29

Journal of Heredity , 43

Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine , 140

Journal of Morphology , 35 , 140 , 301 n29

Journal of Physiology , 140

Journal of Reproduction and Fertility , 140 , 145

Journal of Reproductive Immunology , 140

Journal of Reproductive Medicine , 140

Journal of the American Medical Association , 96 -97, 140 , 301 n29

Juhn, M., 150

Just, E. E., 75 , 78 , 150 , 222

K

Kaufman, A., 175

Kay, L., 26 , 115 , 270 , 274

Keller, E. F., 23 , 26 , 156 , 254 , 283

Kelley, H., 39

Kellogg, V., 52 , 105

Kelly, G., 283

Kennedy, J. F., 202

Kimmelman, B., 45 -46

Kinsey, A., 53 , 93 , 109 , 116 , 240

Klein, M., 152 , 155

Kluckhohn, C., 281

Knauer, E., 83


417

Knowledge production, 30 -31

Koblinsky, M., 125 , 139 , 159 , 184 , 195 , 224 , 228 , 257 , 264

Koch, F. C., 87 , 124 , 130 , 143 , 150 , 224 -25, 283

Kohler, R., 86 , 111 -12, 114 -15, 129 , 157 , 214 , 222 , 274

Kopp, M., 199

Krafft-Ebbing, R., 91

Kurzrok, R., 193

L

Laboratories, development of, 49 -51

Landis, C., 283

Langley, L. L., 169 , 195 -96

Lashley, K. S., 97 , 99 , 150 , 281 , 283

Lateness, 52 -54

and illegitimacy, 234 -38

Latour, B., 17 , 50 , 149 , 164 -65, 234 , 267 , 276

Laughlin, H., 114

Laumann, E., 240

Laura Spellman Rockefeller Foundation, 182

Laurentian Hormone Conferences, 144

Law, J., 267

League of Women Voters, 172

Ledbetter, R., 54 , 56

Legitimacy, 201

See also Illegitimacy

Leonard, S., 283

Leonardo, R., 158

Leutinizing hormone (LH), 148

Levin, L., 124

LH

See Leutinizing hormone

Li, Choh Hao, 87 , 250

Lillie, F., 3 , 33 , 54 , 69 , 75 , 77 -78, 80 , 82 , 84 , 86 , 88 , 90 , 96 -99, 106 -7, 112 , 115 , 126 -27, 130 , 137 , 148 , 150 , 155 , 190 , 212 , 214 , 222 -23, 240 , 254 , 261 , 272 , 275 , 279 , 281 , 283

Lippes, J., 196

Lisser, H., 143

Little, C. C., 172 , 176 , 179 , 181 , 197 , 220

Loeb, J., 24 , 26 , 48 , 77 , 131 , 155 , 174 , 193 , 249

Loeb, L., 75

London Zoological Society, 74

Long, C. N., 225 , 282

Long, D. E., 22 , 130 , 140 , 256 , 272

Long, J., 77 , 83 , 151 , 214

Lowy, I., 149 , 266

Lush, J., 44 , 77 , 151 , 160

M

Macomber, D., 197 , 199 , 216

Macy Foundation, 220 , 264

Macy, J., 220

Maienschein, J., 69 , 213 , 238 , 278

Maisel, A., 256

Mall, F. P., 39 , 82 , 151

Malthus, T., 276

Malthusian couple, 19 , 164 , 263 , 269

Malthusian ideology, 114

See also Neo-Malthusianism

Malthusian League, British, 56

Mangold, H., 88

Manipulating Reproduction (Austin and Short), 26

Marcus, A., 40 , 158 -60, 246

Marcuse, M., 143

Marginality, 21

Marguiles, Lazar, 196

Markee, J., 150 , 283

Marker, R., 194 -95, 283

Markle Foundation, 110 , 212 -13, 220 , 264

Marrian, G., 74 , 122 , 256

Marshall, F. H. A., 5 , 11 , 27 , 64 , 68 , 70 -71, 73 , 131 , 137 -38, 152 , 188 , 193 , 256 , 260

Martin, E., 23

Mason, M., 192 , 200

Masters, W., 116

Mastroianni, L., 196 , 200 , 216 , 228 , 247

Mayer, M., 217

Mayr, E., 86

McCann, C., 168 , 172 -73, 176 , 179 , 197 , 217

economic ethic of fertility and, 276

McCartney, J. L., 198

McCormack, K., 5 , 193 -94, 250

McGee, L. C., 124

McKenzie, F., 77 , 79 , 151

Mead, M., 139

Mechanism of Mendelian Heredity (Morgan), 86

Medical History of Contraception (Himes), 218

Medical research, 31 , 35 -40, 107 , 146 , 157 -59, 218

Medical Research Council, 146

Medical Research Council, British, 74

Medvei, V., 43 , 52 -53, 127 , 243 , 256

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), 133

Mendelism, 44 , 46 , 67 -68

Mengert, W., 139 , 142

Merck Pharmaceuticals, 224

Metz, C., 150 -51

Meyer, A., 109 , 112 , 124 , 151 , 181 , 282 , 283 -85


418

Milbank Memorial Fund, 221

Mitman, G., 115 , 274 , 278

Modernity, 9 -12, 259

Moench, G., 217

Molecular biology, 111 , 275

Money, J., 128 , 139

Moore, C., 77 , 81 , 123 -24, 126 , 130 , 143 , 150 , 222 , 244 , 282 , 283

Morgan, T. H., 82

Morphology, 33

MSH

See Melancyte-stimulating hormone

Mudd, E., 198

Mudd, S., 198

Murray, G., 65

N

Nalbandov, A. V., 45 , 149 , 151 , 155 , 278

National Academy of Sciences, 202 , 256 -57

National Advisory Board on Ethics in Reproduction, 251

National Association of Dairy Instructors, 42 , 140

National Birth Control League, 172

National Center for Family Planning Services, 203

National Committee on Federal Legislation, 184

National Committee on Maternal Health (NCMH), 38 , 55 , 110 , 176 , 184 , 187 , 209 , 216 -20

National Institute for Medical Research, 74

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHHD), 228 , 240

National Institute on Aging, 244

National Institutes of Health (NIH), 11 , 210 , 228 , 275

National Research Council (NRC), 51 -52, 90 , 96 , 101 , 159 , 165 , 208 -16

Committee on Infectious Abortion, 214

Committee for Research in Problems of Sex, 20 , 28 , 73 , 75 , 87 -118, 136 , 176 , 187 , 207 , 209 , 211 -12, 239 , 279

Committee on Scientific Problems of Human Migration, 57

Committee on Endocrinology, 212 -14

Committee on Human Reproduction, 215

Committee on Contraceptive Technology, 215 -15

Grants-in-Aid Program, 214 -15

failure of, 106

National Science Foundation, 11

National Women's Party, 172

Nazi Eugenical Sterilization Law, 114

NCMH

See National Committee on Maternal Health

Neel, J., 282

Neo-Malthusianism, 18 , 27 , 87 , 171 , 178 -81, 271

Neurology, 33

"New biology," 46 -48

New York Foundation, 94

Newman, H. H., 112

NICHHD

See National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Nixon, R. M., 203 , 257

Nobel Prize, 256

Noble, G., 283

Norplant, 169 -70, 247

North Dakota State Dairymen's Association, 41

Notestein, F., 179 , 182 , 196

NRC

See National Research Council

O

Ogburn, W., 282

Okey, R., 151 , 283

Oliver, G., 65

Olmstead, J. D. M., 243

Oppenheimer, J., 67 , 87

Organotherapy, 65 , 244

Osborn, F., 180 , 221

Oslund, R., 283

Oudshoorn, N., 22 , 127 , 181 , 248

Our Stolen Future (Colborn, Dumanoski, and Myers), 253

Ovarian internal secretion, 71

P

Painter, T., 151 , 283 , 283

Paleontology, 33

Papanicolaou, G., 3 , 77 , 79 , 82 -84, 86 , 152 , 158 , 191 , 216 , 220 , 283

Park, R., 15

Parke, Davis, and Company, 224

Parker, G. F., 150 , 283

Parkes, A. S., 70 -71, 73 , 122 , 160 , 192

Parthenogenesis, 249

Pasteur, L., 17 , 50 , 149

Pathology, 30 , 33

Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction (Asdell), 45

Pauly, P., 24 -25, 33 , 48 , 54 , 157 , 249

Pearl, R., 112 , 114 , 172 , 179 , 181 , 191 , 221

Pearson, K., 57

Peck, M., 150 , 283


419

Physiological Reviews , 140

Physiology, 32 -33

chemistry and, 33

development of, 88 , 260

reproduction and, 5 , 11 , 27 , 64 , 68 , 70 -72, 74 , 137 , 152 , 260

sex and, 102

Physiology of Reproduction in the Cow (Hammond), 74

Physiology of Reproduction (Marshall), 5 , 11 , 27 , 64 , 68 , 70 -72, 137 , 152 , 260

Pidgin zones, 146

Pierpoint, R., 195 , 197

"Pill."

See Birth Control and contraception, oral contraceptives

Pincus, G., 5 , 24 , 79 , 123 , 144 , 150 -51, 174 , 193 -95, 220 , 238 , 249 , 283

PL

See Prolactin

Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), 140 , 173 , 184 -85, 194 , 257

PMSG

See Pregnant male serum gonadotropin

Pomeroy, W., 53 , 93

Population Association of America, 57 , 180 -81, 184

Population control, 6 , 54 -59

See also Birth control

Population Council, 58 , 226 , 247

Population Reference Bureau, 57

Postmodern reproduction, 10 -11

Pottenger, F. M., 243

Potter, H., 283

Poultry Science , 42

Pregnancy diagnosis, 45

Pregnant male serum gonadotropin (PMSG), 4 , 148

Preparation for Marriage (Heape), 70 , 125

Price, D., 81 , 124 -26, 150

Problems of Fertilization (Lillie), 69

Problems of sex, 12 , 90 -118

Professionalization, 32 , 41

and reproductive sciences, 139 -45

Prolactin (PL), 133

Psychobiology, 33 , 102 , 104

Public Health Service, 210

Q

Quackery, 242 -48

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology , 66

R

Race Betterment Conference, 184

Race Betterment Foundation, 57

Race suicide, 54

Radiation sterilization, 196 -97

Ransom, S., 283

Rasmussen, W., 214

"Rational economic man," 276

Reagan, R., 257

Recent Progress in Hormone Research , 144

Rechter, J., 22 , 65 , 244

Reed, J., 54 -55, 175 , 177 -80, 187 -89, 191 , 193 -96, 217 , 219 , 226 , 241 , 250 , 256

Reingold, N., 159 -60

Reproduction, 8 -9

gender and, 21 -24, 272 -73

heredity and, 71 -72

modernism and, 9 -12, 259

"natural," 234 -35

postmodernism and, 10 -12

production and, 9

Reproduction (Cohen), 156

Reproduction in the Rabbit (Hammond), 74 , 153

Reproductive and Human Welfare: A Challenge to Research , 139

Reproductive research: aging for, 190 -91

British, 69 -74

birth control and, 200 -206

Reproductive sciences, 9 , 12 , 91

Americans, 75 -78

birth control and, 263

contraceptive technologies and, 185 -200

controversy and, 233 -58

development of, 18

developmental embryology and, 66 -69

doability of, 85 -88

foundation support for, 220 -23

funding and, 207 -30

illegitimacy and, 52 -54, 264

intersectional structure of, 145 -51

lateness and, 52 -54

medical science and, 157

organizational development of, 145

professionalizing, 139 -45

Roman Catholic and, 241

tensions and, 152 -57

Reproductive scientists: controversies, 252

endocrinology and, 129

Rockefeller Foundation and, 221

Research, 224

biology and, 108

contraceptive, 186 -90

endocrinology and, 108

fetal tissue research and, 250

major centers of, 227

pill and, 201

reproductive, 186 -90

sexology and, 100

technosciences and, 12 -13

Research in Reproduction , 140

Reynolds, S., 197 , 199 , 283

Riddle, O., 124 , 143 , 150 , 166 , 254

Robinson, T. J., 156

Rock, J., 125 , 283

Rockefeller Foundation, 51 , 90 , 92 , 106 -8,


420

Rockefeller Foundation, (continued)

110 , 181 -83, 186 , 210 -11, 213 , 222 -23, 225 , 240 , 261 , 264 , 274 -75, 278

mission of, 110

Natural Sciences Division, 108

NCMH and, 218

Rockefeller General Education Board, 112

Rockefeller Institute, 36 , 226

Rockefeller, John D., 28 , 93 -94, 183 , 226

Roentgen rays, 197

Roe v. Wade , 168

Roman Catholic Church, 238

reproductive science and, 241

family planning and, 174

Romano, J., 282

Roosevelt, T., 54

Rose, K., 219

Rose, W., 112

Rosenberg, C., 14 , 43 , 51 , 86 , 159

Rosenwald Foundation, 222

Rossiter, M., 42 -46, 50 -51

RU486, 169 , 242 , 244

Rusk, Dean, 240

Ruzicka, L., 256

S

Sabin, F., 36 , 220

Salmon, T. W., 96 , 282

Sanger, M., 3 , 5 , 21 , 54 -55, 57 , 164 , 168 , 171 -75, 179 -80, 185 , 193 -94, 196 -97, 203 , 230 , 250 , 256 , 263 , 275

Schafer, Edward, 71

Schering Corporation, 225

Schorr, E., , 220

Schwartz, N., 128 , 136 , 278

Science: autonomy of, 236

politics and, 234

social accountability and, 236

society and, 15 -18, 20

Science , 80 , 115

Scripps Foundation for Research in Population Problems, 57

Serle, G. R., 194

Segal, S., 181

Selle, R., 283

Severinghaus, A., 124 , 144 , 148 , 151 , 283

Severinghaus, E. L., 133

Sex, 9 , 102

differentiation, 76

endocrinology and, 142

gender and, 22

illegitimacy and, 238 , 241

preselection, 250

problems of, 12

Sex and Internal Secretions (Allen, Young), 28 , 73 , 84 , 117 , 121 , 126 , 136 -39, 142 , 162 , 239 , 262

Sex Antagonism (Heape), 70 , 125

Sex Determination (Crew), 73

Sexology, 9 , 12 , 19 , 91 , 116 -18

Foucault and, 18

research and, 100

Sexuality, 9 , 116 -18, 238 -41

Sharpey-Schafer, E., 48 , 65 -66, 74 , 238

Shedlovsky, L., 178

Shelesnyak, M. C., 202 , 278

Sheppard Towner Act, 37 , 172

Shering A. G., 224

Short, R. V., 155

Simpson, M., 124 , 151

Slee, N., 175

Slonaker, J., 150 , 283

Smith, P. E., 79 , 86 , 109 , 124 , 131 , 144 , 150 -52, 222 , 225 , 283 , 283

Snyder, F., 283

Social constructions, 127

Social purity movements, 168

Social sciences, limitation of, 106

Social worlds, 5

arenas, 16 -18, 265 -69

Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 34 , 140

Society for Promotion of Agricultural Science, 42

Society for the Study of Reproduction, 43 , 140 , 145

Spaeth, R., 283

Spelman Fund, 94

Spemann, H., 88

Spermatogenesis, 45

and sperm count, 253

Spermatoxins, 198 -200

Squibb, E. R., and Sons, 224 -25

Squier, R., 189 , 250

Stabenfelt, 278

Stalheim, O., 43

Star, S., 82 , 145 , 258

Starling, E., 65

Steinach, E., 125 , 243

Sterilization: abuse of, 242

hormonal, 193

radiation and, 196

Stockard, C., 77 , 79 , 191 , 221 , 283

Stone, C. P., 150 , 197 -98, 283

Strathern, M., 8 , 235 , 276

Strauss, A., 95 , 258 , 278

Streeter, G., 151

Studer, H., 140

Supreme Court, 168 -69

Swingle, W. W., 150 , 283

Symbolic interactionism, 17


421

T

Taylor, H., 191 , 282

Taylorism, 174

Technology, 165 , 269

Technosciences, 12 -13

Terman, L., 150 , 283

Terrorism, abortion and, 234

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 133

Tietze, C., 195 -96, 219

Time of Ovulation in Women (Hartman), 191 , 218

Topping, R., 190

Trading zones, 146

Treichler, P., 240

TSH

See Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Turner, C. W., 151 , 214

U

U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 203 , 228

U.S. Immigration Restriction Act, 57

United Nations International Conference, 234

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 41 -44

Upjohn Scholarship, 225

Urology, 40

USAID

See U.S. Agency for International Development

USDA

See United States Department of Agriculture

V

Vaginal smear, 82 -86

Van Wagenen, G., 77 , 151

Veblen, T., 94

Vincent, G., 94

Voge, C., 187 -89

Vogt, W., 194

Volpar, 188

Voluntary Parenthood League, 175

Voronoff, S. S., 244

W

Walton, A., 143

Warberg, P., 94

Weaver, W., 4 , 26 , 51 , 93 , 111 , 115 , 137 , 186 , 213 , 276

Weed, L. H., 213

Weisman, A., 199

Wells, L. J., 151 , 283

Wesley, J., 8

Whalen, R., 127

Wheeler, W. M., 109

Whiting, P. W., 150 , 283

Whitman, C. O., 33 , 47

Williams, J. W., 181

Willier, B., 87 , 123

Wilson, E. B., 33 , 181

Wimsatt, W., 151

Winters, L. M., 151

Wislocki, G., 150 , 283

Wissler, C., 151 , 181 , 282 , 283

Witschi, E., 79 , 81 , 123 , 150 , 155 , 254 , 283

Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, 33 -34, 48 , 140

Woods, A., 107

Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, 250

World Health Organization, 227 -28

World Population Conference, 57 , 175

Wright, S., 44 , 160

Y

Yeats, W. B., 126

Yen, S., 244

Yerkes, R., 94 , 98 -99, 101 , 104 -5, 109 , 112 , 136 , 151 , 181 , 186 , 212 , 222 , 261 , 282 -83

Young, W., 151 , 162 , 283

Z

Zinn, E., 94 , 96 -99, 102 , 105 , 282

Zondek, B., 126 , 148

Zoology, 33

Zuckerman, S., 74 , 83 , 144 , 240


 

Preferred Citation: Clarke, Adele E. Disciplining Reproduction: Modernity, American Life Sciences, and the Problems of Sex. Berkeley:  University of California Press,  c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8d5nb4tm/